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+# Part 6 - Application
+
+## Abstract
+
+**Application Hardening**: Best practices to apply to the build and release of
+user space applications, in order to reduce the number of attack surfaces used
+by potential attackers.
+
+The term of Application (App) has a very wide definition in **AGL**. Almost
+anything which is not in the core Operating System (OS) is an Application.
+Applications can be included in the base software package (image) or can be
+added at run-time.
+
+Application containment is achieved using the following protections:
+
+- Linux Native protection
+  - Mandatory Access Control (**MAC**)
+- AGL Platform protections
+  - Origin Tracking and Validation
+  - Application Privilege Management and Enforcement via Cynara
+  - Authenticated Transport via D-Bus
+
+## Application Types
+
+AGL provides a framework for applications to be written in different forms:
+
+- Web application: HTML5 + JavaScript
+- Qt application: in a QML file
+- Native application: in C
+
+While there is no harm in providing multiple types of applications, from a
+security perspective this does increase the attack surface for an intruder.
+The application framework (**AppFw**) consists of a number of utilities and
+daemons which provide context for the applications.
+Isolation is provided through **SMACK** labels.
+
+## Application Store
+
+Although the Tizen system has defined a [system of App signing and signing flow](https://wiki.tizen.org/Security/Tizen_3.X_Overview#Application_Singing_and_Certificates)
+to avoid the spread of unauthorized Apps that might contain malware.
+At this point, it is unclear how much of this flow AGL will adopt.
+However, judging from the experience, it is an essential topic. For example,
+the Google Play Store controls the authorization of Apps through signing, and still,
+there are [many accounts of Apps containing malware on the store](http://www.eweek.com/mobile/researchers-find-132-malware-infected-android-apps-on-google-play).
+
+Tizen defines 5 levels of certificates and signing at each level, including an author,
+testing distributor, public level store distributor, partner level store distributor,
+and platform level store distributor. AGL may define a different number of third parties,
+but at a minimum an author and store distributor should be defined.
+
+![App Signing Flow](App_signing_flow.png)
+
+Once the number of signatures has been established, verification of those signatures needs
+to be done at a minimum at installation time on the AGL device. It is important to ensure
+the robustness/integrity of the public key used for signature verification. If the public key is modified,
+then this compromised key can be used to verify an attacker's private key signature.
+
+Further to this, installation-time verification is limited. Attacks can happen to apps in-memory
+at runtime. Any modifications made after installation will be missed by installation-time verification.
+Integrity verification that runs during execution makes for a more complete security story.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+## Acronyms and Abbreviations
+
+The following table lists the terms utilized within this part of the document.
+
+Acronyms or Abbreviations | Description
+------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------
+_3GPP_                    | **3**rd **G**eneration **P**artnership **P**roject
+_CASB_                    | **C**loud **A**ccess **S**ecurity **B**roker
+_DAST_                    | **D**ynamic **A**pplication **S**ecurity **T**esting
+_DPI_                     | **D**eep **P**acket **I**nspection
+_IDS_                     | **I**ntrusion **D**etection **S**ystems
+_IPS_                     | **I**ntrusion **P**revention **S**ystems
+_IPSec_                   | **I**nternet **P**rotocol **Sec**urity
+_LSM_                     | **L**inux **S**ecurity **M**odule
+_MITM_                    | **M**an **I**n **T**he **M**iddle
+_OSI_                     | **O**pen **S**ystems **I**nterconnection
+_SATS_                    | **S**tatic **A**pplication **S**ecurity **T**esting