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| author |   Stephane Desneux <stephane.desneux@iot.bzh> | 2018-10-16 13:10:46 +0200 |
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| committer | Stephane Desneux <stephane.desneux@iot.bzh> | 2018-10-16 13:13:14 +0200 |
| commit | 0eba225fb27ec0b87bfa80361314fec5ab901caa (patch) | |
| tree | 02baf13e25b4d8989dc25051ff7ce3256ffb7bbd /docs | |
| parent | 536b42be464af2f29fc5061489821c8903a6690a (diff) | |
Import from docs-agl/docs
Change-Id: Id524561d87410e5463cddd123b30eb63d75b62bd
Signed-off-by: Stephane Desneux <stephane.desneux@iot.bzh>
Diffstat (limited to 'docs')
129 files changed, 68907 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/00-doorsNG-original.md b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/00-doorsNG-original.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d41635d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/00-doorsNG-original.md @@ -0,0 +1,7753 @@ +--- +# Master Header for Jkyll +--- + +> Version 1.0 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux +> +> Requirements Specification +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> www.automotivelinux.org +> +> www.linuxfoundation.org +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Table of Contents +> +> [***1***](#5)*** Automotive Grade Linux ...............................................................................................*** +> ***5*** +> +> [**1.1**](#5)** Overview ............................................................................................................................** +> **5** +> +> [**1.2**](#6)** Document Scope.................................................................................................................** +> **6** +> +> [**1.3**](#6)** Glossary of Terms ..............................................................................................................** +> **6** +> +> [***2***](#7)*** Architecture ..................................................................................................................*** +> ***7*** +> +> [***3***](#8)*** App/HMI Layer .............................................................................................................*** +> ***8*** +> +> [**3.1**](#9)** Home Screen ......................................................................................................................** +> **9** +> +> [3.1.1](#9) Layout......................................................................................................................................... +> 9 +> +> [3.1.2](#10) System UI Parts........................................................................................................................ +> 10 +> +> [3.1.3](#10) Application Management .......................................................................................................... +> 10 +> +> [3.1.4](#10) Application Switch.................................................................................................................... +> 10 +> +> [3.1.5](#10) Application History ................................................................................................................... +> 10 +> +> [3.1.6](#12) Application Stack ...................................................................................................................... +> 12 +> +> [3.1.7](#14) Role of Home Screen................................................................................................................ +> 14 +> +> [3.1.8](#16) Requirements ........................................................................................................................... +> 16 +> +> [***4***](#20)*** Application Framework Layer .....................................................................................*** +> ***20*** +> +> [**4.1**](#20)** AGL Application Framework .............................................................................................** +> **20** +> +> [4.1.1](#21) Application Manager................................................................................................................. +> 21 +> +> [4.1.2](#21) Window Manager ..................................................................................................................... +> 21 +> +> [4.1.3](#27) Policy Manager ......................................................................................................................... +> 27 +> +> [4.1.4](#59) Sound Manager ........................................................................................................................ +> 59 +> +> [4.1.5](#63) Input Manager .......................................................................................................................... +> 63 +> +> [4.1.6](#65) User Manager ........................................................................................................................... +> 65 +> +> [**4.2**](#71)** Web HMI ..........................................................................................................................** +> **71** +> +> [4.2.1](#71) Web API ................................................................................................................................... +> 71 +> +> [4.2.2](#75) Web Runtime............................................................................................................................ +> 75 +> +> [**4.3**](#76)** Native HMI .......................................................................................................................** +> **76** +> +> [4.3.1](#76) Native App Runtime.................................................................................................................. +> 76 +> +> [4.3.2](#77) Native Application Framework ................................................................................................. +> 77 +> +> [***5***](#77)*** Services Layer ............................................................................................................*** +> ***77*** +> +> [**5.1**](#78)** Platform Services .............................................................................................................** +> **78** +> +> [5.1.1](#78) Bluetooth ................................................................................................................................. +> 78 +> +> [5.1.2](#92) Error Management.................................................................................................................... +> 92 +> +> [5.1.3](#98) Graphics ................................................................................................................................... +> 98 +> +> [5.1.4](#98) Location Services...................................................................................................................... +> 98 +> +> Page 2 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> [5.1.5](#100) Health Monitoring .................................................................................................................. +> 100 +> +> [5.1.6](#100) IPC ......................................................................................................................................... +> 100 +> +> [5.1.7](#100) Lifecycle Management............................................................................................................ +> 100 +> +> [5.1.8](#100) Network Services................................................................................................................... +> 100 +> +> [5.1.9](#100) Persistent Storage ................................................................................................................. +> 100 +> +> [5.1.10](#100) Power Management ............................................................................................................. +> 100 +> +> [5.1.11](#102) Resource Management......................................................................................................... +> 102 +> +> [5.1.12](#102) Telephony Services .............................................................................................................. +> 102 +> +> [5.1.13](#103) Wi-Fi .................................................................................................................................... +> 103 +> +> [5.1.14](#110) Window System................................................................................................................... +> 110 +> +> [**5.2**](#111)** Automotive Services ......................................................................................................** +> **111** +> +> [5.2.1](#111) Audio Services........................................................................................................................ +> 111 +> +> [5.2.2](#111) Camera Services..................................................................................................................... +> 111 +> +> [5.2.3](#111) Configuration Services ........................................................................................................... +> 111 +> +> [5.2.4](#111) Diagnostic Services ................................................................................................................ +> 111 +> +> [5.2.5](#111) Multimedia Services ............................................................................................................... +> 111 +> +> [5.2.6](#116) Navigation Services................................................................................................................ +> 116 +> +> [5.2.7](#117) PIM......................................................................................................................................... +> 117 +> +> [5.2.8](#117) Smartphone Link .................................................................................................................... +> 117 +> +> [5.2.9](#125) Speech Services ..................................................................................................................... +> 125 +> +> [5.2.10](#125) Tuner Services ..................................................................................................................... +> 125 +> +> [5.2.11](#132) Vehicle Bus / Vehicle Info Control........................................................................................ +> 132 +> +> [5.2.12](#141) Telematics Services.............................................................................................................. +> 141 +> +> [5.2.13](#142) Window System................................................................................................................... +> 142 +> +> [***6***](#143)*** Security Services......................................................................................................*** +> ***143*** +> +> [**6.1**](#143)** Access Control ...............................................................................................................** +> **143** +> +> [6.1.1](#144) Requirements ......................................................................................................................... +> 144 +> +> [***7***](#144)*** Operating System Layer ..........................................................................................*** +> ***144*** +> +> [**7.1**](#144)** Kernel ............................................................................................................................** +> **144** +> +> [7.1.1](#144) Linux Kernel ........................................................................................................................... +> 144 +> +> [**7.2**](#145)** Boot Loader ...................................................................................................................** +> **145** +> +> [**7.3**](#145)** Hypervisor .....................................................................................................................** +> **145** +> +> [7.3.1](#145) Requirements ......................................................................................................................... +> 145 +> +> [**7.4**](#145)** Operating System ..........................................................................................................** +> **145** +> +> [7.4.1](#145) File Systems ........................................................................................................................... +> 145 +> +> [7.4.2](#150) Resource Control ................................................................................................................... +> 150 +> +> [7.4.3](#153) Startup/Shutdown Control .................................................................................................... +> 153 +> +> [7.4.4](#155) Database ................................................................................................................................ +> 155 +> +> [7.4.5](#156) System Update....................................................................................................................... +> 156 +> +> [**7.5**](#157)** Device Drivers ................................................................................................................** +> **157** +> +> Page 3 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> [7.5.1](#157) Peripherals ............................................................................................................................. +> 157 +> +> [7.5.2](#158) Graphics Drivers..................................................................................................................... +> 158 +> +> [7.5.3](#158) Video Drivers.......................................................................................................................... +> 158 +> +> [7.5.4](#158) Audio Codecs ......................................................................................................................... +> 158 +> +> [7.5.5](#158) Automotive Devices ............................................................................................................... +> 158 +> +> [***8***](#159)*** Notices.....................................................................................................................*** +> ***159*** +> +> Page 4 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **1 Automotive Grade Linux** +> +> 1.1 Overview +> +> Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) is a Linux Foundation Workgroup dedicated to creating open +> +> source software solutions for automotive applications. Although the initial target for AGL is In- +> +> Vehicle-Infotainment (IVI) systems, additional use cases such as instrument clusters and and +> +> telematics systems will eventually be supported. AGL has participants from the Automotive, +> +> Communications, and Semiconductor Industries and welcomes contributions from individual +> +> developers. +> +> By leveraging the over \$10B of investment made in the Linux kernel and other open source +> +> software projects, the AGL Workgroup: +> +> · +> Enables rapid software innovation for automotive suppliers to keep up with the demand +> +> from consumers for better IVI experiences +> +> · +> Utilizes the talents of thousands of open source software developers dedicated to +> +> maintaining the core software in areas like the Linux kernel, networking, and +> +> connectivity, used in systems across numerous industries +> +> The goals of the Automotive Grade Linux Workgroup are to provide: +> +> · +> An automotive-focused core Linux operating system stack that meets common and +> +> shared requirements of the automotive ecosystem with a broad community of +> +> support that includes individual developers, academic organizations and companies. +> +> · +> A transparent, collaborative, and open environment for Automotive OEMs, Tier One +> +> suppliers, and their semiconductor and software vendors to create amazing in-vehicle +> +> software. +> +> · +> A collective voice for working with other open source projects and developing new open +> +> source solutions. +> +> · +> An embedded Linux distribution that enables rapid prototyping for developers new to +> +> Linux or teams with prior open source experience +> +> This results in faster time to market by jump-starting product teams with reference applications +> +> running on multiple hardware platforms. +> +> Page 5 of 159 + + > **Term** > **Definition** + ------------ ------------------------------------------ + > A2DP > Advanced Audio Distribution Profile + > AGL > Automotive Grade Linux + > AVRCP > Audio Video Remote Control Profile + > FS > File System + > GPS > Global Positioning System + > GPU > Graphical Processing Unit + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 1.2 Document Scope +> +> The scope of this document is to define the architecture of the Automotive Grade Linux software +> +> platform. The requirements are broken up into an overview of the Architecture and a description +> +> of each of the layers in the architecture followed by the requirements for each module in the +> +> various layers. The Architecture Diagram and the layout of the specification take into +> +> consideration all of the components that would be needed for an IVI system; however the are +> +> missing requirements for individual modules. As the spec continues to evolve those sections will +> +> continue to be filled in. +> +> The main goal of this document is to define the core software platform from which applications +> +> can be built. As such, this document does not define application requirements except in a single +> +> case (Home Screen). Application requirements will be developed by various projects that use the +> +> AGL platform. Those application requirements can be used to drive new or revised +> +> requirements into the platform. +> +> At this time there is no plan to use this specification to create a compliance or certification +> +> program. The specification is used as blueprint to guide the overall work of AGL and to derive +> +> work packages for companies and individuals to complete in order to attain the goals of the AGL +> +> Workgroup. +> +> 1.3 Glossary of Terms + + > HFP > Hands Free Profile + -------- ------------------------------------- + > IBOC > In-Band On Channel + > LTSI > Long Term Support Initiative + > NTP > Network Time Protocol + > OEM > Original Equipment Manufacturer + > OS > Operating System + > OSS > Open Source Software + > SDL > Smart Device Link + > STT > Speech to Text + > TTS > Text to Speech + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **2 Architecture** +> +> The Automotive Grade Linux Software Architecture diagram is below. The architecture consists +> +> of five layers. The App/HMI layer contains applications with their associated business logic and +> +> HMI. Generally applications are out of scope for this document since they are product specific +> +> for the OEM that is developing a system based on AGL. +> +> The Application Framework layer provides the APIs for creating both managing and running +> +> applications on an AGL system. The Services layer contains user space services that all +> +> applications can access. The Operating System (OS) layer provides the Linux kernel and device +> +> drivers along with standard OS utilities. +> +> Page 7 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **3 App/HMI Layer** +> +> Applications may use a web based framework or a native framework. A system may include +> +> applications that use different frameworks. Coordination of applications between frameworks is +> +> performed by the AGL App Framework. The diagram represents possible applications that could +> +> appear in a given system, but is not all inclusive. Reference applications may be provided by AGL +> +> Page 8 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> to demonstrate the capabilities of the platform. +> +> 3.1 Home Screen +> +> Home Screen provides the Home User Interface (Home UI) of the system which meets the +> +> following requirements: +> +> · Rich User Experience (Rich UX) +> +> · Driver Distraction mitigation +> +> · Variations support +> +> Rich UX covers requirements such as usability and user satisfaction. Driver Distraction mitigation +> +> covers requirements on display control and user operation behavior while vehicle is in motion to +> +> minimize driver distraction. Variations support covers requirements to support customization of +> +> design and behavior of the system to meet the different needs of vehicle type, destination and +> +> grade. +> +> **3.1.1 Layout** +> +> The following use cases are considered for Layout. +> +> · +> Home Screen developer changes the Home UI by using a customizable layout definition. +> +> Page 9 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **3.1.2 System UI Parts** +> +> The use case assumed about System UI Parts is as follows. +> +> · +> An application or System uses status bar and on-screen in order to notify information to +> +> a user. +> +> · +> User uses the system setting UI in order to change settings. +> +> · User uses software keyboard in order to input characters. +> +> **3.1.3 Application Management** +> +> The use case assumed about Application Management is as follows. +> +> · +> A user downloads and installs or updates the delivery application from application store. +> +> · A user uninstalls the delivery application. +> +> · +> A user launches the installed delivery application or the pre-installed application. +> +> · Also a user terminates those applications. +> +> **3.1.4 Application Switch** +> +> The use case assumed about Application Switch is as follows. +> +> · +> User switches application via application history or application stack. +> +> · +> The system switches application according to Driving Mode status. +> +> **3.1.5 Application History** +> +> Application switching by application history is assumed as follows. +> +> · +> The system records the order of the applications in the order in which the application is +> +> displayed. +> +> · +> The order of application that is recorded is updated each time the display of the +> +> application is switched. +> +> · +> Screen of the application is displayed in the order in which they are recorded in the +> +> history at the time of switching applications. +> +> Page 10 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> ‑ Specification of operation +> +> - User runs a swipe from the edge of the application screen area. +> +> ‑ Specification of action +> +> - The order of the screen is managed order management list (application history). +> +> - List order update opportunity(Update has determined a display of the application) +> +> - Application starts or stops. +> +> - Allowed to stand between the screen N seconds after the swipe. +> +> ‑"N seconds"‑User defines the value of any. +> +> - User to operate the screen after you swipe. +> +> ‑"operation"‑Screen tap. Menu display. Other. +> +> Figure 5‑2 represents a sample Home Screen depicting the above mentioned use cases. +> +> Page 11 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **3.1.6 Application Stack** +> +> Application switching by application stack is assumed as follows. +> +> · +> The user specifies the type of any order. The system records the order of the application +> +> to the rule as of the specified type. +> +> · Examples of the types of any order +> +> · Application start-up order +> +> · +> Screen of the application is displayed in the order in which they are recorded in the stack +> +> Page 12 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> when switching applications. +> +> ‑ Specification of operation +> +> · +> User runs a swipe from the edge of the application screen area. +> +> ‑ Specification of action +> +> · +> The order of the screen is managed order management list (application stack). +> +> · +> List order update opportunity.(Application start-up order as an example) +> +> · +> Application that started at the end of the list when the application is started is added. +> +> · +> Application that has stopped from the list when the application is stopped will be +> +> deleted. +> +> Figure 5-3 represents the switching example depicting the application of the above switching. +> +> Page 13 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Use Case** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ----------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------- + > 1-1 > Layout > GUI Layout > Function to define a customizable + > > + > definition > GUI Layout definition. + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **3.1.7 Role of Home Screen** +> +> Table 5-1 describes the role of the Home Screen to satisfy the purpose and use cases +> +> Page 14 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1-2 > Change Layout > Function to apply the customized + > + > GUI layout definition. + ------- --------------------- ------------------------ --------------------------------------------- + > 2-1 > System UI Parts > Status Bar > Function to display the + > + > information from application or + > + > system. + > + > Function to quickly access and set + > + > certain system settings. + + > 2-2 > On-screen > Function to display a popup + > + > window such as alert messages. + + > 2-3 > System Setting > Function to display system + > + > settings menu regarding GUI, + > + > such as locale and network. + + > 2-4 > Software > Function to display software + > > + > Keyboard > keyboard. + + > 3-1 > Application > Application > Function to download + > > > + > Management > Management > applications from application + > + > store. Function to install, uninstall + > + > and update the downloaded + > + > applications. + + > 3-2 > Application > Function to launch/terminate + > > + > Launcher > applications. + + > 4-1 > Application > Application List > Function to switch applications by + > > + > Switch > installed application list. + + > 4-2 > Application History > Function which switches + > + > application in order by + > + > applications history. + + > 4-3 > Application Stack > Function to switch application in + > + > any order. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **Table 5-2: Relevance of the Role and Purpose** +> +> Page 15 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Rich UX** > **Driver** > **Variations** + > > + > **Distraction** > **support** + > + > **mitigation** + ----------- --------------------------- ---------------- ------------------- ------------------ + > 1-1 > GUI Layout definition > ‑ > ‑ > ‑ + + > 1-2 > Change Layout > ‑ > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-1 > Status Bar > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-2 > On-screen > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-3 > System Setting > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-4 > Software Keyboard > ‑ > ‑ + + > 3-1 > Application Management > ‑ > ‑ + + > 3-2 > Application Launcher > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-1 > Application List > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-2 > Application History > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-3 > Application Stack > ‑ > ‑ + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **3.1.8 Requirements** +> +> **3.1.8.1 Layout** +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism for customizable GUI layout definition by each vehicle +> +> type, each destination and each grade. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism for a customizable GUI layout definition for different +> +> vehicle type, destination and grade. +> +> GUI layout definitioncan be definedsuch as the following items: +> +> (In addition, items that can be defined is not limited to the following.) +> +> · screen resource (Display, Layer Type, Area) +> +> Page 16 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> · sound resource (Zone, Sound Type) +> +> · input resource (Device, Event Type) +> +> · UI Component to be used in the entire system +> +> · transition effect (Animation effect) +> +> · Background image +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to apply customized GUI layout definition. +> +> **3.1.8.2 System UI Parts** +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to display two or more information simultaneously to +> +> the status notification area. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to displaying status to status notification area. +> +> · Current Time: Displaying clock capability +> +> · +> Icons of Status: Displaying icons for notify information from applications +> +> · +> Status Message: Displaying text for notify information from applications +> +> · +> Communication Status: Status of mobile communication and wireless communications +> +> (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.) +> +> Home screen must provide an interface to retrieve information from application for notification. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show popup window into on-screen window. +> +> Home Screen must provide GUI method to hide on-screen window by user operation. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to hide on-screen window within a specified duration. +> +> Home Screen must provide an interface for applications to request to show popups. +> +> Home Screen must provide an interface for applications to cancel the previously requested +> +> popup. +> +> Page 17 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show text information, draw images and show +> +> software switch like button in the on-screen window. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to specify attributes such as position and size of On- +> +> screen window. +> +> Home Screen must support a mechanism to specify other window display effect when the On- +> +> screen window is displayed. (e.g. tone down) +> +> Home Screen must provide system setting menu regarding GUI, such as locale and network. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change current date and time setting. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change timezone setting. +> +> · +> The platform must set up the date, time and timezone according to a current position +> +> automatically. +> +> · +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to set up turning on and off of the automatic +> +> date/time/timezone setup. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change language setting. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change wireless communications (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, +> +> etc.) setting. +> +> · Enable/Disable +> +> · Connect/Disconnect +> +> · Search the devices +> +> · Display the list of available and/or registered devices +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change mobile communication setting. +> +> · Enable/Disable +> +> Page 18 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> · A setup and change of various attributes +> +> · Display the list of registered devices and select device +> +> HomeScreen must support to change the appearance of a screen to a user's liking. +> +> These are as follows. +> +> · Tone of a screen. +> +> · Appearance of a window frame. +> +> · Animation effect when screen transition was occurred. +> +> Home Screen must support a mechanism to set or change master audio volume. +> +> Home Screen must support a mechanism to set or change display brightness. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show software keyboard. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to apply default settings (e.g. theme, local, wallpaper) +> +> to a new user, when a user is added by the User Manager. +> +> **3.1.8.3 Application Management** +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to manage downloaded application package. +> +> · Display downloaded application list from application store. +> +> · Download the application +> +> · Install the downloaded application +> +> · Uninstall the downloaded application +> +> · Update the downloaded application +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to launch the application. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to terminate the application. +> +> Page 19 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **3.1.8.4 Application Switch** +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show the list of installed applications. +> +> Examples of assumed application list +> +> · list of application name +> +> · list of application’s icon +> +> · list of live thumbnail for all the running applications +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism for switching display application in order by application +> +> history. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism for the application stack in any order. For example, +> +> such as launch order or display order. +> +> Home Screen must provide a mechanism for the system to switch applications. +> +> For example, when Driving Mode changes, system must be able to switch application based on +> +> policy. +> +> **4 Application Framework Layer** +> +> The Application Framework layer provides the methods needed to create software applications +> +> and their user interfaces. The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of +> +> which may be built into an SDK or product build. The application framework contains any code +> +> specifically written for that framework as well the bindings to the Services and Operating +> +> Systems layers that the application framework provides for its applications. +> +> 4.1 AGL Application Framework +> +> The AGL Application Framework provides basic services to all applications regardless of the +> +> framework they are implemented in so that there is a standard method providing the services. +> +> Page 20 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **4.1.1 Application Manager** +> +> Application Manager describes requirements for AGL application lifecycle function. Application +> +> lifecycle contains application installation/removal and launch/hide/resume/kill. +> +> **4.1.1.1 Requirements** +> +> AGL System must support application lifecycle (install/uninstall, launch/kill, suspend/resume) based on +> +> appid/pid via launcher. +> +> AGL System must support a database to store application metadata (appid, exec path etc.). +> +> AGL System must provide an interface to get a list of installed applications. +> +> AGL System must provide an interface to get the state of an application. +> +> AGL System must provide application privilege control. +> +> **4.1.2 Window Manager** +> +> A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user interface. A +> +> window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), input +> +> devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software component named window +> +> manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, and a routing of user interactions. +> +> A window manager is as software component that is responsible for a layout management of +> +> windows. +> +> Window manager of automotive middleware layer makes up for traditional window management +> +> system to be satisfied IVI’s complex requirements, typically requested from Policy Manager. +> +> Also, AGL aims to provide well-portability among various hardware platforms. +> +> Page 21 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- ----------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Window drawing > Provide capability to draw a window to any place + > + > and any size and any scale. + > + > Also provide capability to change visibility of the + > + > window. + + > 2 > Overlay of multiple > Provide capability to overlay two or more windows + > > + > windows > with any z-order. + > + > Also provide capability to use hardware layer + > + > efficiently. + + > 3 > Visual effect > Provide capability to adapt visual effect as below. + > + > · Animation effect to change visibility + > + > · Animation effect to transit between two or + > + > more windows + > + > · Visual effect for a window, such as gray-out + > + > and transparent. + + > 4 > Frame rate control > Provide capability to control dynamic frame rate + > + > change. This is useful if system resource was + > + > shortage. + + > 5 > Multiple hardware layer > Provide capability to use hardware layer efficiently + > > + > support > if hardware supports two or more hardware layers. + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **4.1.2.1 Use** **Case** +> +> Please refer “screen resource control” of Policy Manger section. +> +> **4.1.2.2 Role** +> +> Table 7-148 describes the role of window manager to be satisfied above purpose and use +> +> cases. +> +> Page 22 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 6 > Reduced dependency of > Provide well-defined interface to reduce + > > + > hardware > dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface + > + > also makes it possible to increase the effect of + > + > portability and development cost. + ----- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ + > 7 > Multi window / multi > Support multi window management and multi + > > + > display > display. + + > 8 > Compatibility > From the compatibility point of view, AGL should + > + > use public API, and shall not rely on hardware + > + > specific API. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **4.1.2.3 Requirements** +> +> 4.1.2.3.1 Window Drawing +> +> System must provide a mechanism to manage surfaces, such as create, delete, make visible and +> +> make invisible. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to create and delete surface. +> +> When surface is created or deleted, system must notify status change to GUI resource. +> +> This notification mechanism makes possible to assign surface to proper area by GUI resource. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each surface. +> +> And, provide an interface to change visibility. +> +> All the surfaces must be set to invisible for initial state. +> +> Surface will be visible only if GUI resource issues to change visibility. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to move surface’s area. If area size was different between +> +> previous area and new one, then system must support to fit into new area by VIC.4.1.4. +> +> *System must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area. Because, size of area may differe*nt +> +> Page 23 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> from size of surface. +> +> If resize was happened, system must notify to surface’s owner application. +> +> If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +> +> into area by squeeze. +> +> If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +> +> into area by using combination of scaling and trimming function. +> +> That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect +> +> ratio. This makes it possible to fit by “pan & scan”. +> +> If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +> +> into area by using combination of scaling and background color. +> +> That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect +> +> ratio. System also provides a mechanism to fill background color into redundant pixels. This +> +> mechanism makes it possible to do “letterbox” method. +> +> 4.1.2.3.2 Overlay of Multiple Windows +> +> System must provide a mechanism to create and delete a layer. +> +> Layer must have a concept of z-order. That means, display order for each layer is decided by +> +> their z-order attribute. +> +> Z-order attribute is fixed value. So, if application wants to change display order of surfaces, +> +> then, attached layer must be changed. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to create and delete “area” to display surface. +> +> Area is a concept which defines where to display in specific layer. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to attach surface to any layer. +> +> Also, system must be able to change attached layer. +> +> And, provide an interface to attach and change. +> +> Page 24 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> System must provide a mechanism to assign surface to any area in a layer. +> +> And, provide an interface to assign surface to any area. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each layer. +> +> That means all the surfaces belonging to same layer will be changed visible or invisible at the +> +> same time. +> +> And, provide an interface to change visibility per layer. +> +> Initial state must be set to invisible. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to enable superimposed display based on z-order of each +> +> layer, and disposition of surfaces. +> +> 4.1.2.3.3 Visual Affect +> +> System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when visibility change was +> +> happened. +> +> Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes. +> +> - Duration +> +> Animation type +> +> System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom- +> +> out. +> +> Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by +> +> plug-in architecture. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when move surface was happened. +> +> Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes. +> +> · Duration +> +> Animation type +> +> System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom- +> +> Page 25 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> out. +> +> Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by +> +> plug-in architecture. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to make effect to surface. +> +> And, provide an interface to set effect type from application and other software components. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to gray-out. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to low brightness +> +> System must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change effect for surface easily by plug-in +> +> architecture. +> +> 4.1.2.3.4 Frame Rate Control +> +> System must provide a mechanism to reduce frame rate independent from refresh interval of +> +> application. +> +> System also provides a mechanism to set frame rate as 0fps, independent from refresh interval +> +> of application. +> +> This function is useful to keep whole system quality even if high load status, such as live +> +> thumbnail and moving surface. +> +> 4.1.2.3.5 Multiple Hardware Layer Support +> +> If hardware supports two or more hardware layers, system must provide a mechanism to use +> +> hardware layers efficiently. +> +> · +> Never use software overlay when superimposing two or more hardware layers +> +> Assign hardware layer for graphical high load function, such as video playback +> +> 4.1.2.3.6 Reduced Dependency of Hardware +> +> Page 26 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Window Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding displays and layers of +> +> each display. And system must provide a mechanism to adapt any structure without re-build, +> +> such as by using re-configuration. +> +> 4.1.2.3.7 Multi Window +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall manage multiple windows owned by multiple +> +> processes on a display. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multi-headed display. +> +> 4.1.2.3.8 Compatibility +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that uses only public +> +> APIs provided by Window System and OpenGL/ES 2.0 for rendering and user interaction. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that relies on a +> +> standard rendering API such as OpenGL/ES 2.0 only. The window manager shall not rely on any +> +> hardware specific API. +> +> A window system and OpenGL/ES 2.0 API are responsible for a hardware abstraction. +> +> **4.1.3 Policy Manager** +> +> **4.1.3.1 Overview** +> +> 4.1.3.1.1 Purpose +> +> Policy Manager collects information and makes decisions based on them. To do that, Policy +> +> Manager collects lots of status, such as user operation and application status, then issue Vehicle +> +> Info Control or Resource Control to provide information. Policy Manager controls two types of +> +> resource, one is called “GUI resources” such as screen and sound, and other one is called +> +> Page 27 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> “System resources” such as CPU and memory. +> +> 4.1.3.1.2 GUI Resources +> +> (1) Definition +> +> · About Control of GUI Resources +> +> AGL is supposed the following devices in this feature. For example, display with touch panel, +> +> speaker, and microphone. And AGL defines that “GUI resources” are resources that provide user +> +> or is provided by user on those devices, such as windows, sound streams and input events. +> +> **Figure 7-1: GUI resources** +> +> Page 28 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Policy Manager controls GUI resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy +> +> Manager limits the information of GUI resources while the vehicle is driving, because, the too +> +> much information distracts the attention of driver from driving operations. +> +> · Associated Software Architecture +> +> The software architecture of Policy Manager and related components regarding GUI resources +> +> control is as below. +> +> **Figure 7-2: Associated Software Expected Use Case** +> +> Page 29 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Component** > **Description** + > + > **.** + ---------- ------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Homescreen > Request to control of GUI resources. + + > 2 > Applications > Request to output or input of GUI resources. + + > 3 > UI Component > Receive driving mode and day night mode. And + > + > then provide the corresponding feature to + > + > applications UI such as input limitation and + > + > changing the theme. + + > 4 > Application Manager > Detect application installation. Then Notify the + > + > definition of GUI resources such as role by + > + > application configurations. + + > 5- > Vehicle > Window Manager + > > + > 1 > Info + > + > Control + + > 5- > Sound Manager + > + > 2 + + > 5- > Input Manager + > + > 3 + + > 5- > Vehicle Info Distributor + > + > 4 + + > 5- > User Manager + > + > 5 + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Policy Manager is related with the below components. +> +> (2) Role +> +> Page 30 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **ID** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > External condition > (1) Receives the external conditions. + > + > collection + + > 2 > Judgment of priority of > (1) Receives the input/output/control request of + > > + > GUI resource > GUI resources. + > + > (2) Judgment the GUI resource owner according to + > + > external conditions. + + > 3 > GUI resource control > (1) Issue the GUI resource control according to + > + > judgment. + > + > (2) Notify the driving mode and day night mode + > + > that is calculated by external conditions. + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Policy Manager has the below role. +> +> Page 31 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **Figure 7-3: Definition of Role** +> +> GUI resource classifies screen resource, sound resource and input resource. Details of each +> +> resource type are as follows: +> +> a. Screen Resource +> +> a-1. External Condition Collection +> +> Policy Manager collects the below definition that is related with screen resource. +> +> **Figure 7-4: Definition of screen resource** +> +> • Concept of Display, Layer, Layout and Area +> +> AGL supports not only one physical display but also two or more displays. Each display has one +> +> or more layer. And each layer must be connected to one layout defined by Homescreen. Layout +> +> Page 32 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> consists of one or more areas. “Area” is graphics composed area to display specific graphics +> +> window. +> +> The z-order of layers is flexible. Policy Manager decides the z-order of each layer depending on +> +> objectives of them. For example, layer-1 was used as “phone call notification”, and layer-2 was +> +> used as displaying “map”, then Policy Manager will decide that layer-1 should be upper than +> +> layer-2. +> +> Layer is created by application including Homescreen. When application creates layer, +> +> application specifies layer type. Layer type is roughly categorized as “Basic” and “Interrupt”. +> +> “Basic” layers are used to display application itself such as media playback, map drawing and +> +> setting menu. “Interrupt” layers are used to display overlay windows such as information alert +> +> and enlarged view. +> +> When application creates layer with ”Basic” type, application must specify layout type for it. On +> +> the other hand, the case layer with “Interrupt”, application must specify corresponding “Basic” +> +> layer. The layout of “Interrupt” layer is followed by “Basic” layer’s layout. +> +> From the capability of Policy Manager point of view, the main purpose of layer is to decide z- +> +> order. In other words, if there is a scenario to change z-order of two or more windows triggered +> +> by system status change and/or user operation, then such kind of window must assign to +> +> individual layer. +> +> • Concept of Layer Owner, Role and Surface +> +> “Layer owner” is application which created that layer. “Layer owner” can request each area of +> +> that layer. When “Layer owner” requests specific area, “Layer owner” also specify “Role” of +> +> area. “Role” represents how to be used that area, and used to define z-order of layers by Policy +> +> Manager. +> +> “Layer owner” also can request to change “Role” for specific area, however, whether “Role” +> +> change is acceptable or not is decided by Policy Manager by using policy rule. +> +> One area should connect to one graphics window. AGL defines the term “Surface” as graphics +> +> window to display into one area. +> +> Page 33 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Surface is a canvas to draw graphical image by application. To show via physical display, surface +> +> drawn by application must be assigned to specific area. Figure 7-16 describes simplest example +> +> to assign one surface to full screen with one layer. If layer has two or more areas, then +> +> corresponding surfaces are mapped to each area. According to example of Figure 7-16, surface +> +> is fit to area size as “squeeze”, however AGL also provide a way to fit as “letterbox” and “pan & +> +> scan”. +> +> **Figure 7-5: Definition of Surface** +> +> • Subdivision of “Interrupt” Layer +> +> Basically, “Basic” layer corresponding to “Interrupt” layer is used to display application’s main +> +> surface. However there are some exceptions. For example virtual keyboard is not needed main +> +> surface. However, to follow this layer type rule, virtual keyboard must have corresponding +> +> “Basic” layer. But this “Basic” layer never used to display. Also on-screen, such as alert message +> +> is not needed main surface too. But it must have corresponding “Basic” layer from same reason. +> +> According to above concept and some exceptions, AGL defines four layer types described +> +> as Table 7-3. +> +> Page 34 of 159 + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Type** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- + > 1 > Basic > This is application’s basic screen. Typically, > Map of navigation + > + > application requests this layer at first time. + + > 2 > Interrupt > This is application’s popup screen. > Enlarged view of + > + > navigation + + > 3 > On-screen > This is system popup screen. Typically, On- > Warning message + > > + > screen service (e.g. Homescreen) requests > popup + > + > this layer. + + > 4 > Software > This is the software keyboard screen. > Software keyboard + > > + > keyboard > Typically, software keyboard service + > + > requests this layer. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + > **No** > **Contents** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ + > 1 > Role > This is screen owner (such as application or > Navigation + > + > service) role. + + > 2 > Sub role > This is specific screen role. > Enlarged view + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> a-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource +> +> Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each screen resource. Role +> +> is the category name of screen resource priority. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy +> +> Manager. Table 7-4 and Figure 7-6 describes the definition of role and sub role. +> +> Role consists of role and sub role. Role is screen owner role such as “Navigation” and “Software +> +> Page 35 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> keyboard”. Sub role defines when layer type of the screen resource is not “Basic”. Sub role is +> +> popup screen role such as “Enlarged view” (of Navigation). +> +> **Figure 7-6: Definition of Role and Sub role** +> +> The screen resources are sorted of priority that is related to role by Policy Manager. If display +> +> has two or more layers, then all layers will be superimposed by z-order. +> +> In addition, Policy Manager decides the area of "Interrupt" layer using role. Area of "Interrupt" +> +> layer must be same area of the related "Basic" layer. "related" means that "Role" (is not "Sub +> +> role") of "Basic" and "Interrupt" is same. For examples, if "Interrupt" layer is set “Navigation” +> +> role and “Lane guidance” sub role, this is set in same area of "Navigation" role. +> +> a-3. GUI resource control +> +> Policy Manager controls the screen resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +> +> issues to control the screen resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control +> +> directly. +> +> Page 36 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> There are three types of screen resource control: +> +> One is allocation of each surface such as position, size and size-fitting method. +> +> Second one is visibility control. Basically, visibility should be “ON” during area owner was +> +> assigned. However, visibility may set to “OFF” during driving mode due to driving restriction. +> +> Last one is order control of each layer. Policy Manager decides the order of each layer, and issue +> +> z-order information for each layer. +> +> b. Sound Resource +> +> b-1. External Condition Collection +> +> Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with sound resource. +> +> **Figure 7-7: Definition of Sound Resource** +> +> • Zone +> +> Zone is a place in the car, such as driver zone, passenger zone, rear seat zone. Each zone can +> +> play at the same time. +> +> Page 37 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Type** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------- + > 1 > Basic > This is application’s basic sound. > Music of media + > + > player + + > 2 > Interrupt > This is application’s interrupt sound. > Guidance of + > + > Navigation + + > 3 > Beep > This is beep. Typically, Homescreen > Display touch sound + > + > requests this type. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> • Sound type +> +> Sound type is the category of sound resource. Sound type must be set by each sound resource +> +> owner such as application. If application wants to play sound, it must be assigned to proper +> +> sound type of proper zone. Only one sound stream can occupy specific sound type of specific +> +> zone. In other words, if two or more sound streams should be mixed in same zone, then each +> +> sound stream must assign to individual sound type. +> +> AGL supports the following sound type, however it’s just sample and should be configurable. +> +> • Stream +> +> Stream is connection of sound resource that is made in applications. Sound is transferred in +> +> stream. +> +> b-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +> +> Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each sound resource. Role +> +> is the category name of sound resource. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy +> +> Manager. Figure 7-8 describes the definition of role. +> +> Page 38 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **Figure 7-8: Sample Role** +> +> The sound resources in the same zone and same sound type are switched along the priority that +> +> is related to role by Policy Manager. In other words, the sound resources of different zones or +> +> different sound type are not switched. They are mixed. +> +> b-3. GUI Resource Control +> +> Policy Manager controls the sound resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +> +> issues to control the sound resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control +> +> directly. +> +> There are two types of sound resource control: +> +> One is playback control such as play, pause and stop. Policy Manger issues to play sound for +> +> sound area owner, and if area owner was changed, then issue to stop previous playing sound +> +> Page 39 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> stream and to start play latest area owner. +> +> Other one is volume control. Two or more sound streams of same zone may playback +> +> simultaneously if each sound streams are assigned to different sound type. In this case, Policy +> +> Manager specifies volume parameter for each sound stream. For example, if route guidance and +> +> music playback are mixed, assign higher volume to route guidance and volume down for music +> +> playback. +> +> c. Input Resource +> +> c-1. External Condition Collection +> +> Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with input resource. +> +> **Figure 7-9: Definition of Input Resource** +> +> • Device Name +> +> Device name is identity of input device such as steering SW and microphone. +> +> • Event Type +> +> Event type is logical group of input event from each input device such as volumes and +> +> temperatures. +> +> c-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +> +> Page 40 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> If application wants to be notified input event, it must request input event notice with device +> +> name and event type. The request is judged whether to notify by Policy Manager using policy +> +> DB. And Vehicle Info Control notifies input event to applications along the result of the +> +> judgment as below. +> +> **Figure 7-10: Definition of routing rule** +> +> OEM special switch means product variant configuration in Figure 7-10. +> +> c-3. GUI Resource Control +> +> Policy Manager controls the input resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +> +> issues to control the input resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control directly. +> +> Input resource control is to specify event target to Vehicle Info Control. +> +> 4.1.3.1.3 System Resources +> +> (1) Definition +> +> Policy Manager controls System resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy +> +> Manager limits memory usage of background applications when memory shortage was occurred. +> +> Page 41 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **ID** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > External condition > (1) Receives the external conditions. + > + > collection + + > 3 > System resource control > 1. Issue the System resource control according + > + > to external condition change. + > + > 2. Kill process(s) forcibly according to external + > + > condition change. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Policy Manager controls System resources by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. So, +> +> target resources are CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network bandwidth. +> +> **4.1.3.2 Requirements** +> +> 4.1.3.2.1 Screen Resource +> +> (1) External Condition Collection +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +> +> owner. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the physical display information. Because system +> +> uses physical display information with to control surface to other system. The receive +> +> information must include as follows. +> +> a. ID +> +> b. Display resolution (Vertical and horizontal number of pixels) +> +> c. DPI +> +> d. Connected ECU +> +> Page 42 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout definition. Layout definition must be +> +> able to identify the all areas of display. As a result, system recognizes the available area list +> +> according to current layout of each display. +> +> The receive definition must include the follows. +> +> a. ID +> +> b. Area list +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the area definition. Area is set application surface +> +> by system if the request is accepted by system. As a result, application surface displays on the +> +> device. +> +> The receive request must include the follows. +> +> a. Layout ID +> +> b. ID +> +> c. Area position (Coordinate of the upper-left) +> +> d. Area size (Length \* Width) +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout type of each display. System can specify +> +> the available areas if layout type is defined. The receive information must include the follows. +> +> a. Display ID +> +> b. Layout ID +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the priority rule. Because system must judge the +> +> providing resource using it when the request is collision. +> +> The receive information must include the follows. +> +> a. Role +> +> b. Priority +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system must judge +> +> driving mode. +> +> The receive information must include the follows. +> +> a. Velocity +> +> Page 43 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> b. Brake status +> +> System should provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system should judge +> +> day night mode. +> +> The receive information should include the follows. +> +> a. The brightness of the interior +> +> System should provide a mechanism to receive the user status. Because system should judge the +> +> providing resource using it. +> +> System should provide a mechanism to receive the infrastructure status. Because system should +> +> judge the providing resource using it. +> +> (2) Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource +> +> System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +> +> according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the layer request. System allocates the physical +> +> resource. Application must request the area on this layer if application needs to display the +> +> resource. +> +> The receive request must include as follows. +> +> a. Role +> +> b. Layer type +> +> The receive request should include as follows. +> +> c. Display ID +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the area request. System sorts layers in order by +> +> priority that is related with the specified role. Then system displays the application surface on +> +> the specified area on the specified layer. +> +> The receive request must include as follows. +> +> a. Role +> +> Page 44 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> b. Layer ID +> +> The receive request must include as follows when layer type of the specified layer is “Basic”. +> +> Because there is a specification that the area on layer except basic type must be located on the +> +> related basic type area. +> +> c. Area ID +> +> **Figure 7-11: Sequence to display** +> +> System should provide an interface to request both screen and sound resource simultaneously. +> +> In this request, requester should choose below options. +> +> a. +> Requester needs both screen and sound. For example, if screen resource was available, +> +> but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher priority, then, request should +> +> be refused. +> +> b. +> Requester wants screen and sound resource as much as possible. For example, if screen +> +> resource was available, but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher +> +> priority, then, only screen resource should be assigned to requester. +> +> Page 45 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly +> +> release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release request during system +> +> running. System should raise the requested surface to the top of the display. +> +> The receive request should include the follows in addition to the information of the normal +> +> request. +> +> a. Effective period (Can set unlimited) +> +> System should not raise the other surface above its during effective period. +> +> System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect. +> +> a. The effect at the transition +> +> b. The effect of display surface +> +> System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources. The screen resources are +> +> sorted of priority that is related to role by system. If display has two or more layers, then all +> +> layers will be superimposed by z-order. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to judge visible surfaces according to vehicle running state. +> +> System must hide the surface that has too much information. +> +> (3) GUI Resource Control +> +> System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +> +> a. Visible / Invisible +> +> b. Change position +> +> c. Raise +> +> The receive request must include as follows. +> +> i. Surface ID \*Only case of visible. +> +> ii. Display ID \*Only case of visible. +> +> iii. Layer ID \*Only case of visible. +> +> Page 46 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> iv. Position (Coordinate of the upper-left) \*Only case of visible and change position. +> +> v. Size (Length \* Width) \*Only case of visible. +> +> System should provide a mechanism to set the following effect of the surface to other system. +> +> a. The effect at the transition +> +> b. The effect of display surface +> +> 4.1.3.2.2 Sound Resource +> +> (1) External Condition Collection +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +> +> owner. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the zone definition. Because system uses zone +> +> information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must include as +> +> follows. +> +> a. ID +> +> b. Sound device ID +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the sound type definition. Because system uses +> +> sound type information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must +> +> include as follows. +> +> a. ID +> +> (2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +> +> System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +> +> according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive +> +> request during system running. +> +> Page 47 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> The receive request must include as follows. +> +> a. Role +> +> b. Zone ID +> +> c. Sound type ID +> +> System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly +> +> release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release receive request during +> +> system running. +> +> The receive request should include as follows in addition to the information of the normal +> +> request. +> +> a. Effective period (Can set unlimited) +> +> System must assign resource owner as requested. And system must not assign resource owner +> +> by other request on same area during effective period. +> +> System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect. +> +> a. The effect at the transition +> +> b. The effect of output sound +> +> System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources when there are two or more +> +> resources on same sound type on same zone. System judges the providing resource by priority +> +> of resources that is related to role. +> +> \* Boundary of the role between Policy Manager and application. +> +> Page 48 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Figure 7-12: Boundary of role (Case of reverse) +> +> System should provide a mechanism to manage order of the owner request. Because system +> +> should provide a mechanism to hold the request until the request is approved. +> +> For example, if current playing interrupt sound completed, select the next play interrupt sound +> +> from request history based on the priority. +> +> (3) GUI Resource Control +> +> System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +> +> a. Mute / Unmute +> +> b. Change zone +> +> The receive request must include as follows. +> +> i. Stream ID +> +> ii. Device +> +> In the case of multi-channel speaker, the receive request should include as follows. +> +> iii. Channel ID +> +> Page 49 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> System should provide a mechanism to set the below effect of the sound to other system. +> +> a. The effect at the transition +> +> b. The effect of output sound +> +> 4.1.3.2.3 Input Resource +> +> (1) External Condition Collection +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +> +> owner. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the input device information. Because system uses +> +> input device information with to control input event to other system. The receive information +> +> must include as follows. +> +> a. ID +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the event type definition. Because system uses +> +> input device definition with to control input event to other system. The receive definition must +> +> include as follows. +> +> a. ID +> +> b. Related event IDs +> +> (2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +> +> System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +> +> according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive +> +> request during system running. +> +> The receive request must include as follows. +> +> a. Input device ID +> +> Page 50 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> b. Event type ID +> +> System should provide a mechanism to judge whether to accept request according to the +> +> limitation routing rule of policy DB. +> +> (3) GUI Resource Control +> +> System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +> +> a. Set the routing rule +> +> The receive request must include as follows. +> +> i. Input device ID +> +> ii. Event type ID +> +> The receive request must include either as follows. +> +> iii. The allowed application +> +> iv. The denied application +> +> System should provide a mechanism to set the following information. +> +> a. Application that has active surface +> +> System should notify the touch event from touch panel to user operating application. This +> +> feature is needed because there may be case that privilege application such as Homescreen +> +> changes the active surface. +> +> 4.1.3.2.4 System Resources +> +> (1) External Condition Collection +> +> System must provide a mechanism to collect external conditions to be used by Policy Manager +> +> to decide proper system resource. +> +> Page 51 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Policy Manager must detect creation and deletion of process. +> +> To detect creation of process, Policy Manager can assign proper system resource to created +> +> process. +> +> Also, to detect deletion of process, Policy Manager can assign resources of deleted process to +> +> other active processes. +> +> To assign proper system resource to specific process, system must provide a mechanism to +> +> identify process’s role. In other words, Policy Manager must recognize the purpose of each +> +> active process. +> +> Policy Manager must detect current memory consumption periodically. +> +> To detect current memory consumption, Policy Manager can control maximum memory to each +> +> process to prevent memory shortage. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which were +> +> thought as not so important process. +> +> Policy Manager must detect current CPU consumption periodically. +> +> To detect current CPU consumption, Policy Manager can control priority to each process to keep +> +> system performance. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which seem to be in unexpected +> +> busy state. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to notify application status change to Policy Manager. +> +> Application status includes as below. +> +> · GUI resource status, such as foreground or background. +> +> · +> Resuming last status or not. When system starts up or log-in user changes, system must +> +> resume last status. In this case, Policy Manager should assign much resource to last +> +> application to resume quickly as much as possible. +> +> (2) System Resource Control +> +> System must provide a mechanism to change assigned system resource per process or process +> +> group according to external conditions. +> +> According to policy based decision, Policy Manager must assign proper system resource to +> +> target process or process group by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. (typically cgroups +> +> Page 52 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> will be used) +> +> System must provide a mechanism to kill process or process group forcibly. +> +> 4.1.3.2.5 Resource Management +> +> Resource Management shall consist of three functional components - Resource Manager, Policy +> +> Manager, Connection Manager. +> +> Resource Management shall provide CORBA interfaces to rest of the components in the system. +> +> Each resource request shall be in form a: +> +> AppID, +> +> SourceID, +> +> RequestorZoneID, +> +> NeedAll Flag (to specify if all the resources need to be allocated ), +> +> Required Resource List. +> +> Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Audio Sinks (eg: Cabin +> +> Speakers, HeadPhones) +> +> Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Video Sinks (eg: Display) +> +> Resource Management shall be able to handle Source arbitration (Mic, WavPlayer instances, +> +> Tuners etc.) +> +> Resource Management shall be able to validate all the input parameters for a resource request +> +> from resource requestors. +> +> Resource Management shall be able to keep track of all the available resources. +> +> Use CCF data to identify all the resources that are possible in the system. (static identification) +> +> Page 53 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Use dynamic registration by the resource owners to identify what resources out of the above list +> +> are available at a point of time in the system. (dynamic identification) +> +> Resource Management shall inform about resource availability and unavailability in the system +> +> through status update. +> +> Resource Management shall support stacking/queuing of resource requests. +> +> > Receive the requests from the resource requestors. +> +> > Handle each request in chronological order and check for policy validation through Policy +> +> Manager. +> +> > Add the validated requests into a priority queue. +> +> > Process each request from the top of the queue for establishing the connection. +> +> > If a request is still in the pending queue and the requestor requests to withdraw the request, it +> +> shall be removed from the queue. +> +> Each request for resource shall be handled as an independent request irrespective of any earlier +> +> request by the same requestor. In case of multiple resources requested in a single request, it +> +> shall be treated as a single request and will be processed based on the request parameters. +> +> If the NeedAll flag is set by the requestor, it shall either grant all the requested resources to the +> +> requestor or none of them shall be granted. There shall be no partial allocation of resources. +> +> If the NeedAll flag is not set, it shall be able to do partial allocation of resources i.e. grant +> +> some/all of the resources requested by the requestor. +> +> Resource Management shall provide an interface to a request owner to remove/withdraw an +> +> existing resource request. +> +> Resource Management shall check for every requested resource against a pre-defined set of +> +> policies if the request can be served at this point of time or not. Below is a list of possible inputs +> +> for the policy decision: +> +> > Currently Free or InUse Sink status +> +> > Who is the resource owner of the currently used sink resource (if it is in use) +> +> Page 54 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> > Priority of the new requestor compared to the currently using requestor. +> +> Resource Management shall use the system state as an additional input to make a decision if a +> +> request can currently be serviced or not. Below system states can be taken as input to the +> +> policy decision: +> +> > Based on the speed restriction setting for a specific region, a request can be granted/kept +> +> pending. +> +> > Low Power Mode, Eco Mode, System errors shall also be used to make policy decisions. +> +> At any point of time it shall maintain the following information for each ZONE for use by +> +> resource requestor: +> +> > Zone ID +> +> > Allocated Source Instance +> +> > Allocated Sink Instance +> +> > Mute status +> +> Resource Management shall not consider requirements to achieve a specific feature functionality +> +> (e.g. : Lowering audio volume of rest of the sinks when a phone call is in progress) as an input to +> +> the resource management policy. +> +> Resource Management shall not provide support for requirements to achieve a specific feature +> +> functionality (e.g.: Pausing a pausable source when phone call is in progress). +> +> Resource Management shall maintain priorities for all non-entertainment sources (eg: +> +> AMFM\_TA, PHONE\_NORMAL, NAV\_VG, etc. shall all have priorities). In case two sources have +> +> same priority, the first requestor shall be granted a resource. In case of difference in priorities, +> +> the highest priority resource request shall be the one that is granted the resource. +> +> Resource Management shall maintain same priority for all entertainment sources (eg: MP, DVD, +> +> AMFM\_NORMAL, etc. shall all have the same priority). The last received Entertainment resource +> +> request will be the one that is granted the resource. +> +> A valid (parameter and policy validated) resource request shall never be denied to the requestor. +> +> It shall either be granted or kept as a pending request in the priority queue. +> +> Page 55 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Resource Management shall be responsible for reporting a broken resource status. +> +> It shall be the responsibility of the resource requestor to remove the request from Resource +> +> Manager if the resource is no longer needed. +> +> Resource Management shall assign a sink instance (the specific instance allocated out of all +> +> available instances of the requested sink type for a particular zone) to a resource request, once +> +> the request is granted against the set policy. +> +> Resource Management shall maintain connection state of an already granted connection. +> +> Possible connection states are Active or Passive. +> +> > When a source has the primary (master) control over a sink, the connection state will be +> +> active. +> +> Ex: In normal mode, a driver requesting for AMFM source to Driver HeadPhone Sink connection. +> +> > When a source has the secondary (slave) control over a sink, the connection state will be +> +> passive. +> +> Ex: Driver using the AMFM source, at the same time the rear passenger requesting for same +> +> AMFM source on Rear headphone sink. +> +> Resource Management shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink +> +> connection using the underlying platform support. +> +> Resource Management shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink +> +> connection using the underlying platform support. +> +> Resource Management shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is +> +> removed/released. +> +> Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute the audio sink when a connection is +> +> re-established and the active source is ready to use the sink for audio routing. +> +> Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink. +> +> Page 56 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Resource Management shall inform the resource requestor when the sink is connected and ready +> +> to be used for audio routing. +> +> Resource requestor needs to inform the Resource Manager when they are ready to start audio +> +> routing. This information shall be used to unmute the allocated sink. +> +> Resource Management shall maintain the system connection table at any point of time. +> +> Connection table contains information regarding which sink is currently allocated to which +> +> source instance. +> +> Resource Management shall support handling of change in behaviour based on Limo setting: +> +> > Share the source between the Rear Seat headphone (Limo mode owner) and Cabin Speakers. +> +> System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks +> +> are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally +> +> 1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC. +> +> The number of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter. +> +> Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks. +> +> In case of Foreground sources and Tuner interrupt sources, any sink that is taken away from a +> +> source because of a high-priority interruption, need to be returned back to the previous source +> +> (if the request from the previous source is still valid and it's the next highest priority request). +> +> As part of requirement to improve connection handling efficiency, it shall have exceptions to not +> +> disconnect the active connection while switching between any Tuner Source-Sink Background +> +> connection to another Tuner Interrupt Source with same sink connection. +> +> It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks. +> +> It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sources. +> +> Page 57 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> It shall provide the error state information about all resources to the Platform Error State +> +> Manager. +> +> It shall inform the resource requestors in case the request is for an erroneous or faulty sink. +> +> It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown. +> +> It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data. +> +> It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data. +> +> It shall support rules/exceptions (Blacklist) that define resource allocation strategy based on +> +> current system scenario. +> +> E.g.: If there is a blacklist rule that says a Speech session shall not be allowed while phone call +> +> is in progress, then even if a FG sink is available, Speech shall be denied resources and kept as a +> +> pending request. +> +> It shall provide an interface to receive Limo mode setting status. +> +> It shall provide an interface to receive status when a rear-user selects to take Cabin control. +> +> It shall use interfaces of early app to receive information if it's already using Audio/Video +> +> resources and update its internal status accordingly. +> +> On any change in input to the Policy Manager (system state) it shall reevaluate all active +> +> connections and reconnect or disconnect if required. +> +> E.g. An Amp gets disconnected, then all active connects have to be disconnected. +> +> Once the Amp gets reconnected, the connection info shall be reevaluated and final set of +> +> connections shall be rebuilt with Amp. +> +> It shall provide CORBA interfaces to the Resource Manager. +> +> Page 58 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> It shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink connection using the underlying +> +> platform support. +> +> It shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink connection using the +> +> underlying platform support. +> +> It shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is removed/released. +> +> It shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink. +> +> System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks +> +> are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally +> +> 1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC. +> +> The no. of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter. +> +> It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks. +> +> Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks. +> +> It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown. +> +> It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data. +> +> It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data. +> +> **4.1.4 Sound Manager** +> +> A sound manager is a mechanism in which a sound output demand in two or more zones from +> +> two or more applications is arbitrated, an audio server manages control of a sound output and a +> +> policy manager manages a mediation rule. +> +> Page 59 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ + > 1 > Routing sound streams > To route each sound stream to proper zone(s). + + > 2 > Mixing level control > Mixing two or more sound streams after volume + > + > control of each sound streams. + + > 3 > Sound effect > Provide a capability of sound effect as follows, + > + > · When changing sound stream. E.g. fade-in, + > + > fade-out and cross-fade. + + > 4 > Reduced dependency of > Provide well-defined interface to reduce + > > + > hardware > dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface + > + > also makes it possible to increase the effect of + > + > portability and development cost. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> A zone is a place in the car divided by the purpose of output power of sound like a driver zone, a +> +> passenger zone, and a rear seat zone. Each zone can play at the same time. Refer to "Sound +> +> resource" of "7.1.1.2 (2) Role" of "7.1 Policy Manager" for the details of a zone. +> +> Applications that play and capture audio via the audio server, applications that control things like +> +> volume and routing via the audio server, and a policy manager that works with the audio server +> +> to implement automatic audio policies. +> +> **4.1.4.1 Use Case** +> +> Please refer “sound resource control” of Policy Manger section. +> +> Table 7-14 describes the role of sound manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +> +> **4.1.4.2 Requirements** +> +> Page 60 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 4.1.4.2.1 Routing Sound Streams +> +> System must provide a mechanism to manage sound “zone”. +> +> Refer to "(2) Sound resource" of "7.3.1.2.2 Role" of "7.3 Policy Manager" for the details of a +> +> zone and how to manage zone. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to manage one or more connected sound devices, and each +> +> channels of each sound device. +> +> One or more sound devices are usually connected to a system, and each sound device consists +> +> of one or more channels. And each channel outputs the sound of a monophonic recording. +> +> For example, as for a stereo sound, a speaker is connected to each of two channels, and it is +> +> arranged at the driver side of a car, and the passenger seat side. If a telephone call is got when +> +> outputting stereo music from both of speakers, only the channel of a driver side needs to lower +> +> musical volume, and needs to mix and output the sound of a telephone (to louder sound than +> +> music). For this reason, the system needs to recognize and control each channel of each sound +> +> device. +> +> The system must determine the route which outputs two or more sound streams to two or more +> +> zones. +> +> Although the output place zone of a sound stream may change dynamically according to the +> +> present state of vehicles and a policy manager makes the decision, sound manager requires the +> +> mechanism in which a route is smoothly changed based on the determination of policy manager. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to manage two or more sound zone as grouped zone. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to do volume control for specific zone. +> +> All the sound outputted to a certain zone is adjusted by the volume of the zone. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to control sound stream. +> +> Control of a sound stream is as follows. +> +> · +> Mute/unmute: System must provide a mechanism to do mute or unmute to any sound +> +> stream. +> +> · +> Suspend/resume: System must provide a mechanism to suspend or resume to any sound +> +> Page 61 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> stream. +> +> Volume control: System must provide a mechanism to change volume to any sound stream. +> +> 4.1.4.2.2 Mixing Level Control +> +> The system must offer the mechanism for arbitrating two or more sound streams outputted to +> +> the same zone according to a policy manager's arbitration. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to do mixing after volume control of each sound streams. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to attenuate sound volume when other sound stream +> +> requested to play into same sound zone. +> +> In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to return to the volume before attenuating +> +> the volume of a sound stream when interrupted sound stream was ended. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to mute sound volume when other sound stream requested +> +> to play into same sound zone. +> +> In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to unmute sound volume when interrupted +> +> sound stream was ended. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to suspend sound stream playback when other sound stream +> +> requested to play into same sound zone. +> +> In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to resume playback when interrupted sound +> +> stream was ended. +> +> 4.1.4.2.3 Sound Effect +> +> When sound stream was changed, system must provide a mechanism to do sound effect. +> +> System must provide typical sound effect such as fade in and fade out. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to add, replace and delete sound effect easily by using plugin +> +> architecture. +> +> Page 62 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Input type** > **Associated device** > **Description** + ----------- ------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Key > Steering switch > Simple key event. + > + > Deliver to application. + + > 2 > Keyboard > Virtual keyboard > Keyboard event. + > + > Deliver to application, then use input + > + > method backend if needed. + + > 3 > Touch > Touch panel > Touch event, such as start, stop and move. + > + > Also supports double click and multi-touch + > + > capability. + > + > Deliver to application. + + > 4 > Sound > Microphone > Sound input. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 4.1.4.2.4 Reduced Dependency of Hardware +> +> Sound Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding sound device and channels +> +> of each device. And the system must enable addition/deletion of a sound device by the means +> +> which does not need rebuild of systems, such as a configuration. +> +> **4.1.5 Input Manager** +> +> The Input Manager provides a capability to deliver input events to the proper application +> +> depending on request from Policy Manager. Policy Manager will decide event target per each +> +> input area. Also, the IVI system may use various car-oriented input devices such as steering +> +> switch. Input manager provides a capability to abstract such kind of input event. +> +> **4.1.5.1 Use Case** +> +> Please refer “input resource control” of Policy Manger section. + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- --------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Abstract device event > Provide capability to abstract from device event to + > + > application readable event name, such as “volume + > + > up” and “right arrow”. + + > 2 > Event delivery > Provide capability to deliver input event to specified + > + > application. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Deliver to application or voice recognition +> +> engine. +> +> Table 7-14 describes the role of input manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +> +> **4.1.5.2 Requirements** +> +> **4.1.5.3 Abstract Device Event** +> +> System must provide a mechanism to re-configuration regarding input devices without re-build. +> +> Because, connected input devices may different by car grade, car type, destination and optional +> +> equipment. +> +> **4.1.5.4 Event Delivery** +> +> System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application. +> +> System must provide an interface to apply event delivery rule by using attribute pair “device id” +> +> and “destination application id”. +> +> Device id specifies a logical device name. Logical device name will link to physical device by +> +> UIM.2.1.2. +> +> Page 64 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Also, system must provide a mechanism to change event delivery rule dynamically. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to link between logical device name and physical device. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application depending on +> +> delivery rule defined in UIM.2.1.1. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to inhibit any event delivery. +> +> This function makes it possible to restrict input event during driving mode. +> +> **4.1.6 User Manager** +> +> **4.1.6.1 Use Case** +> +> **4.1.6.2 Personal Identification** +> +> User manager provides multi-user environment. A car may be used by two or more people, and a +> +> person may use two or more cars, by using rent-a-car, for example. +> +> **4.1.6.3 User Preference** +> +> Multi-user environment provides same user experience for each user. +> +> Also, multi-user aims seamless personal data sharing not only between cars but also including +> +> other devices such as smartphones and smart TVs. Furthermore, it will include seamless data +> +> sharing from your home and your office. +> +> Identify the person, and log-in to the IVI system as a specified user. Personal identify may be +> +> provided by traditional user name and password pair, smart key or biometrics. +> +> Once a user has logged-in to IVI system, IVI system should provide personalized user +> +> experience. For example, Bob uses English, but Alice uses French. Also, Bob likes rock-music, +> +> *but Alice likes classic-music. In this case, English and rock-music should be selected when B*ob is +> +> Page 65 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> logged-in, and Japanese and classic-music should be selected when Alice is logged-in. +> +> **Figure 7-24 : Provide Logged-in User’s UE (User Experience)** +> +> **4.1.6.4 Rent-a-car and/or Replacing a Car** +> +> When Bob uses a rent-a-car, same preference should be adapted as if he rode his own car. If +> +> Bob’s preference was stored in a cloud, then this can be supported. However, security is +> +> important in this scenario. For example, Bob must not be able to access to other user’s +> +> preference. +> +> **Figure 7-25 : User data sharing between cars** +> +> Page 66 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **4.1.6.5 Seamless Data Sharing** +> +> Cloud-based user data syncing will enable seamless data sharing between IVI systems and +> +> smart-phones, home networks and accessing from your offices. +> +> **Figure 7-26 : User data sharing over the cars** +> +> **4.1.6.6 Role** +> +> **Error! Reference source not found.** describes the role of the User Manager to satisfy the above +> +> purpose and use cases. +> +> **Table 7-17 : Role of User Manager** +> +> **No.** **Role** **Description** +> +> Page 67 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 1 User identification +> Provide a mechanism to identify user, such as user +> +> name and password pair, smart key and biometrics. +> +> Provide a mechanism to log-in to the IVI system as +> +> a specified user. +> +> When a different user logs in, proper user +> +> preference for the user must be applied, and +> +> resume last state of corresponding user. +> +> Also, each application can store application’s data +> +> per user. In such cases, proper user data must be +> +> applied when a different user logs in. +> +> 2 User preference +> Provide a mechanism to apply user preference of +> +> logged-in user. +> +> User preference includes the following data. +> +> · User interface, such as locale and wall- +> +> paper. +> +> · Resume last application’s status of specified +> +> user. +> +> · Application specific data. +> +> 3 User data management +> Provide a mechanism to manage cloud based user +> +> data. +> +> The following capabilities are required. +> +> · Download user data of the logged-in user +> +> from the cloud. +> +> · Update cloud data if the user data was +> +> updated by user operation or otherwise. +> +> · Periodically sync-up w/ cloud because user +> +> data may be updated by other devices. +> +> In addition to the above basic capabilities, user data +> +> cache is essential for a car, since a car may not +> +> always have a reliable network connection. +> +> 4 Security Because cloud based sharing user data may be +> +> accessed from any place, user data must be +> +> protected from unexpected data access. +> +> Page 68 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> So, IVI system must provide security mechanism +> +> regarding accessing to cloud based user data. +> +> **4.1.6.7 Requirements** +> +> 4.1.6.7.1 User Identification +> +> System must provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to enter user name and password, and verify password to +> +> identify logged-in user. +> +> System should provide a mechanism to read smart key attribute to identify logged-in user. For +> +> example, using NFC. +> +> System should provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user by using biometrics. +> +> 4.1.6.7.2 User Preference +> +> When a logged-in user is identified, system must apply user preference depending on the +> +> currently logged-in user. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to apply personalized user experience as follows. +> +> - Locale settings +> +> - UX theme +> +> Wall paper +> +> System must provide an easy mechanism to add plugin function and/or attribute of personalized +> +> user experience. +> +> Page 69 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> System must provide a mechanism to switch application data per user, and apply logged-in +> +> user’s application data automatically. +> +> When user is identified and logged-in, the system must apply last status of logged-in user. Last +> +> status refers to the status of the system as the current logged-in user has last logged-out of the +> +> system. Specifically, last status includes the following. +> +> - Foreground applications. That means displayed applications. +> +> Background applications. +> +> When user logs in for the first time, the system must apply user preference for new log-in user. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to apply default preference attributes for new log-in user. +> +> System must provide default preference attributes and HMI to apply for first time log-in user. +> +> 4.1.6.7.3 User Data Management +> +> System must provide a mechanism to manage user data. +> +> AGL defines “user data” as a general term which includes all the data necessary to realize user +> +> preference. +> +> User data shall be stored in the cloud. The cloud provides user data not only to IVI systems but +> +> also other systems and/or devices such as smartphones, Home-PCs, business-PCs, HEMS and +> +> home electronics. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to apply user preference and to supply user data to +> +> application by using cloud based user data. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to download cloud based user data and apply it as user data +> +> of the IVI system. +> +> When user data is updated in the IVI system, then the system must upload updated user data to +> +> the cloud. +> +> Also, since other device or system may update shared user data elsewhere, system must provide +> +> Page 70 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> a mechanism to sync with the cloud periodically to keep user data in the IVI system up-to-date. +> +> Because the IVI system is not necessarily connected to a network, the system must provide a +> +> mechanism to cache downloaded user data. +> +> If the IVI system re-connected to a network, system must sync with the cloud as soon as +> +> possible. +> +> 4.1.6.7.4 Security +> +> Because user data may include personal information, system must provide a mechanism to +> +> protect user data from risks including but not limited to leakage, tampering and theft. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to protect user data when accessing to the cloud. +> +> - +> System must authenticate communication entity. In other words, IVI system must +> +> authenticate cloud server, and cloud server must authenticate client such as IVI system, +> +> smartphone or PC. +> +> - +> System must provide a mechanism to encrypt transported data via a network. +> +> - +> System must provide a mechanism to transport data via a network with protection +> +> against falsification of data from unauthorized access or illegal access. +> +> - +> Cloud server must provide a mechanism to authenticate individual user, and provide +> +> user data only to the authorized user. +> +> Because, two or more user’s user data may be stored in IVI system as a cache, system must +> +> provide a mechanism to protect cache data from other users. The protection of cached data to +> +> include not only the current multi-user environment risk, but also the risk of attacks against +> +> cached data. In other words, only logged-in user’s cache data can be accessed. +> +> 4.2 Web HMI +> +> Web based HMI. Contains applications, web runtime environment, and web-based home screen. +> +> **4.2.1 Web API** +> +> Page 71 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> It is discussed that HMI parts of IVI system will be developed using HTML5. APIs to use service +> +> function in IVI system from web applications is needed. Audio Visual API provides APIs for audio +> +> visual equipment control to web applications. (e.g. Media files on storage, CD, DVD, BT-Audio, +> +> Photo, etc.) +> +> Web applications use Audio Visual API to play audio visual contents on IVI system. Use case of +> +> Audio Visual API is shown in Figure 6-1. +> +> **Figure 6-1: Use case of Audio Visual API** +> +> **4.2.1.1 Requirements** +> +> Audio Visual API must provide API to select Audio Visual contents. +> +> · Select content using URL +> +> · +> Select content using contents list provided by multimedia subsystem +> +> Page 72 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Audio Visual API must provide API to playback Audio Visual contents. (Media file on storage, CD, +> +> DVD, BT-Audio, Photo, etc.) +> +> · Play +> +> · Pause +> +> · Fast-forward +> +> · Rewind +> +> · Track up +> +> · Track down +> +> · Select playmode (Repeat/Random) +> +> Audio Visual API must provide API to control a volume. +> +> · Volume up +> +> · Volume down +> +> · Mute +> +> Audio Visual API must provide API for metadata access about Audio Visual contents. +> +> Audio Visual API must provide API for notifications. +> +> · The case that playback state is changed +> +> · The case that Audio Visual contents is add / removed +> +> Audio Visual API must provide API to play AM/FM radio. +> +> · Change the frequency. +> +> · Change the broadcasting stations. +> +> · Receive the list of broadcasting stations. +> +> · Select the preset channel. +> +> · Get the information of the broadcasting station. +> +> Audio Visual API must provide API to play digital radio. +> +> · Store the broadcast program information. +> +> Page 73 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> · Get the broadcast program information. +> +> · Get the play time. +> +> · Play the radio broadcast cached. +> +> AGL System must support a web API to access Vehicle information. +> +> AGL System must support web API to control STT/TTS daemon. +> +> AGL System must support web API to control navi engine. +> +> AGL System needs to provide a Web API to allow peer to peer communication between two web +> +> apps. +> +> AGL System needs to provide an API to allow peer to peer communication between a web app +> +> and a native app. +> +> AGL System must support access control over app to app communications. Service provider +> +> should be able to restrict subscriber. +> +> AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 DOM, Forms and Styles. +> +> AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Device APIs: Touch Events, Device Orientation, +> +> Network Information +> +> AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Graphics APIs: canvas, canvas 2D context, and SVG +> +> AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Media: audio and video tags, user media and web audio +> +> AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Communication APIs: websocket, web messaging, +> +> server sent events, session history of browsing context +> +> *AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Storage APIs: Web storage, File, Database, Web S*QL +> +> Page 74 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Security APIs: Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, HTML5 +> +> The iframe element, Content Security Policy 1.0. +> +> AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 UI APIs: Clipboard, DnD, Web Notifications +> +> AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Performance APIs: Web workers, Page Visibility, Timing +> +> control, Navigation timing +> +> AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Location API: Geolocation +> +> AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Widget: Widget Packaging and XML Configuration, +> +> Widget Interface, XML Digital Signatures for Widgets, Widget Access Request Policy +> +> AGL System must support Khronos WebGL API. +> +> **4.2.2 Web Runtime** +> +> The Web Runtime module contains the bindings for the Web Application Framework to access +> +> the AGL Application Framework and Services. +> +> **4.2.2.1 Requirements** +> +> AGL system Web Runtime shall provide full web application lifecycle management (e.g., +> +> installation/removal). +> +> AGL System Web Runtime shall provide full execution environment for web apps (i.e., launch, +> +> view generation, rendering, etc.) +> +> AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to implement plugins/extensions to add +> +> better device/platform integration. +> +> Page 75 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to manage apps' access control and also to +> +> categorize apps with different privileges. +> +> System must provide high level GUI components for Web application. +> +> At least, below components are required. +> +> · Text labels +> +> · Button +> +> · Radio button +> +> · Check box +> +> · Tab panel +> +> · Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation) +> +> · Slider +> +> · Accordion list +> +> · Anchor +> +> · Text input form +> +> · Dropdown list box +> +> · Date picker +> +> 4.3 Native HMI +> +> The Native HMI provides an application framework for those applications that are not written +> +> using Javascript or other web technologies. +> +> **4.3.1 Native App Runtime** +> +> The Native Runtime module contains the bindings for the Native Application Framework to +> +> access the AGL Application Framework and Services. +> +> **4.3.1.1 Requirements** +> +> System must provide high level GUI components for native application. +> +> Page 76 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> At least, below components are required. +> +> · Text labels +> +> · Button +> +> · Radio button +> +> · Check box +> +> · Tab panel +> +> · Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation) +> +> · Slider +> +> · Accordion list +> +> · Anchor +> +> · Text input form +> +> · Dropdown list box +> +> · Date picker +> +> **4.3.2 Native Application Framework** +> +> The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of which may be built into an +> +> SDK or product build. The application framework contains any code specifically written for that +> +> framework as well the bindings to the Services and Operating Systems layers that the +> +> application framework provides for its applications. +> +> **5 Services Layer** +> +> The Services Layer contains user space services that all applications can access. Generally the +> +> services provide either an IPC type interface or a subroutine/ function API. These interfaces +> +> remain the same for a given implementation and it is up to the Application Framework Runtime +> +> modules to provide access to these interfaces to the applications. Since we are trying to avoid +> +> unnecessary interface shims, it is not necessary for AGL to define standard service layer +> +> interfaces for a given module. Unless otherwise specified the API depends upon the interfaces +> +> provided by the open source packages chosen for a module. Different implementations may +> +> choose different packages for a given function and it is left to the Application Framework +> +> runtime to adjust to any new interfaces, +> +> Page 77 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 5.1 Platform Services +> +> Platform Services Layer. Conventional Linux platform services +> +> **5.1.1 Bluetooth** +> +> This document describes requirements regarding registration, (dis)connection and device +> +> information management between Bluetooth device and infotainment system. Necessary +> +> Bluetooth profiles in automotive use case are defined here. +> +> **5.1.1.1 Requirements** +> +> The Telephony system shall be designed to +> +> support a minimum of BT3.0+EDR, but shall be possible to upgrade to Bluetooth 4.0+EDR +> +> without hardware upgrade. +> +> A Bluetooth hands-free system shall provide the following BT profiles: +> +> · Core 2.0 + EDR inc. GAP (Generic Access Profile) +> +> · HFP (Hands Free Profile) +> +> · OBEX (Object Exchange) +> +> · OPP (Object Push Profile) +> +> · PBAP (Phonebook Access Profile) +> +> · SPP (Serial Port Profile) +> +> · SDAP (Service Discovery Access Profile) +> +> If the BT system is designed to operate with BT Media Players (E.g. control and stream music +> +> from), the system shall also support the following incremental BT profiles: +> +> · A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) +> +> · AVRCP (Audio Visual Remote Control Profile) +> +> The link key shall be minimum 128 bits. The encryption key is negotiated and shall be set at the +> +> Page 78 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> highest supported value by the remote device. The Telephony system shall be capable of +> +> generating up to 128-bit encryption key. The Telephony system will not be the limiting device in +> +> encryption key length negotiation. +> +> When implemented by the remote device Simple Secure Pairing 'Numeric comparison' method as +> +> default pairing mechanism. However when remote device is limited a configurable priority +> +> scheme will be adopted where the order of mechanisms will be determined at configuration +> +> time. +> +> The Telephony system shall provide Bluetooth Power Class 2. The operating range of Class 2 is +> +> 10 meters and maximum power is 2.5 mW (4 dBm). +> +> The Telephony system shall have provision for 1, 3 and 5-slot packet transmission. It shall +> +> allow using five-slot packet transmission for faster data rate. +> +> The Telephony system shall use IrMC standards as directed by the BT specification. It is a +> +> standard from IrDA, including IrOBEX for object exchange including vCards, vCalendars, etc. +> +> vCard is the electronic business card. It is used for Personal Data Interchange (PDI). vCards are +> +> often attached to e-mail messages, and can be exchanged on Instant Messaging. vCard contain +> +> name and address information, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses. +> +> vCard version 2.1 is widely adopted by e-mail clients. It contains FN, N, PHOTO, BDAY, ADR, +> +> LABEL, TEL, EMAIL, MAILER, TZ, GEO, TITLE, ROLE, Logo, Agent, ORG, NOTE, REV, SOUND, +> +> URL, UID, Version, and KEY properties. +> +> vCard version 3.0 is IETF standards format. It is defined in following two parts: +> +> MIME Content-Type for Directory Information +> +> vCard MIME Directory Profile +> +> It contains NICKNAME, CATEGORIES, PRODID, SORTSTRING and CLASS properties along with +> +> the vCard version 2.1 properties. +> +> The touch-screen or head unit HMI must have the ability to delete a Bluetooth device and any +> +> associated data (E.g. phonebook, voicemail number) when required, even if the BT device list is +> +> not full. +> +> The Telephony system shall use SCO link for voice data if eSCO link is not supported else eSCO +> +> Page 79 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in HF** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Connection management > Mandatory > x + + > 2 > Phone status information > Mandatory > x + + > 3 > Audio Connection handling > Mandatory > x + + > 4 > Accept an incoming voice call > Mandatory > x + + > 5 > Reject an incoming voice call > Mandatory > x + + > 6 > Terminate a call > Mandatory > x + + > 7 > Audio Connection transfer during an ongoing call > Mandatory > x + + > 8 > Place a call with a phone number supplied by the > Option > x + > + > HF + + > 9 > Place a call using memory dialing > Option > - + + > 10 > Place a call to the last number dialed > Option > - + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> shall be used. +> +> 5.1.1.1.1 Hands Free Profile +> +> The Telephony system shall implement Hands-Free Profile (HFP) as per the hands-free Profile +> +> specification version 1.6 or later. +> +> The Telephony system shall enable a headset, or an embedded Hands-Free unit to connect, +> +> wirelessly, to a cellular phone for the purposes of acting as the cellular phone's audio input and +> +> output mechanism and allowing typical Telephony functions to be performed without access to +> +> the actual phone. +> +> It shall provide following roles: +> +> Hands-Free unit (HF) + + > 11 > Call waiting notification > Option > x + ------- ------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ---------- + > 12 > Three way calling > Option > x(\*1) + > 13 > Calling Line Identification (CLI) > Option > x + > 14 > Echo canceling (EC) and noise reduction (NR) > Option > x + > 15 > Voice recognition activation > Option > x + > 16 > Attach a Phone number to a voice tag > Option > - + > 17 > Ability to transmit DTMF codes > Option > x + > 18 > Remote audio volume control > Option > - + > 19 > Respond and Hold > Option > x + > 20 > Subscriber Number Information > Option > x + > 21a > Enhanced Call Status > Option > x + > 21b > Enhanced Call Controls > Option > - + > 22 > Individual Indicator Activation > Option > - + > 23 > Wide Band Speech > Option > x + > 24 > Codec Negotiation > Option > x + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> \*1: Does not support Multi-party (conference) call +> +> The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMM query/response to determine the +> +> model of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be stored as a +> +> string in a phone model CGMM variable. +> +> · Phone Model CGMM: +> +> · Type: string +> +> · Max length: 200 chars +> +> Page 81 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> · Persistence: No +> +> A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +> +> The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +> +> device. +> +> The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMI query/response to determine the +> +> Manufacturer of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be +> +> stored as a string in a phone model CGMI variable. +> +> · Phone Model CGMI: +> +> · Type: string +> +> · Max length: 200 chars +> +> · Persistence: No +> +> A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +> +> The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +> +> device. +> +> The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMR query/response to determine the +> +> revision of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be stored as a +> +> string in a phone model CGMR property. +> +> · Phone Model CGMR: +> +> · Type: string +> +> · Max length: 200 chars +> +> · Persistence: No +> +> A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +> +> The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +> +> device. +> +> 5.1.1.1.2 Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) +> +> The Telephony system shall implement Advanced Audio Distribution Profile as per the A2DP +> +> specification version 1.2 or later. +> +> Page 82 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Codec** > **Support** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------- --------------- ----------- + > 1 > SBC > Mandatory > x + > 2 > MPEG-1,2 Audio > Option > - + > 3 > MPEG-2,4 AAC > Option > - + > 4 > ATRAC family > Option > - + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in SNK** > **AGL** + ----------- -------------------- ------------------------ ----------- + > 1 > Audio Streaming > Mandatory > x + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> The Telephony system shall use this profile for audio streaming. This profile shall be use to +> +> realize distribution of audio content of high-quality in mono or stereo on ACL channels. +> +> It shall provide following roles: +> +> Sink (SNK) - A device is the SNK when it acts as a sink of a digital audio stream delivered from +> +> the SRC on the same piconet. +> +> Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 20 should be supported. +> +> Decode functions of codec marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 21 should be supported. +> +> Copyright protection technology SCMS-T should be supported. +> +> 5.1.1.1.3 Phone Book Access Profile +> +> Page 83 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> The Telephony system shall implement Phonebook Access Profile as per the PBAP specification +> +> version 1.1 or later. +> +> The Telephony system shall use this profile to allow exchange of Phonebook Objects between +> +> devices. +> +> Phonebook is automatically downloaded into the system from mobile device for browsing. The +> +> Telephony system shall store user's Phonebook and the Phonebook details of the connected +> +> device shall be available to the user. The Telephony system shall manage the contacts by, listing +> +> and copying contact information. +> +> It shall provide following roles: +> +> · Phonebook Client Equipment (PCE) +> +> It shall provide following types of Phonebook objects: +> +> · The main Phonebook object +> +> · The Incoming Call History object +> +> · The Outgoing Call History object +> +> · The Missed Call History object +> +> · The Combined Call History object +> +> A Bluetooth hands-free system must download the phonebook from the connected BT device +> +> automatically if the BT device has provision for the transfer of phonebook data. The Phonebook +> +> download shall be performed by any one of the following methods listed in priority of usage: +> +> · Using PBAP profile +> +> All the BT device's phonebook entries must be transferred - those on any external memory (E.g. +> +> SIM) and also any stored in the BT device's memory. +> +> The number type data (if stored with the contact) shall also be transferred and stored in the +> +> vehicle phonebook. The Phonebook shall be associated to only the BT device it was downloaded +> +> from. +> +> 5.1.1.1.4 Dial Up Networking (DUN) Profile +> +> Dial-Up Networking Profile (DUN) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +> +> necessary lower layers. +> +> Page 84 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Service** > **Support in DT** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Data call without audio feedback > Mandatory > x + > 2 > Data call with audio feedback > Option > - + > 3 > Fax services without audio feedback > N/A > - + > 4 > Fax services with audio feedback > N/A > - + > 5 > Voice call > N/A > - + > 6 > Incoming calls > Option > x + > 7 > Outgoing calls > Mandatory > x + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> It has to comply with the specification for “Data Terminal (DT)” +> +> Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 23 should be supported. +> +> 5.1.1.1.5 Object Push Profile (OPP) +> +> Object Push Profile (OPP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary lower +> +> layers. +> +> It has to comply with the specification for “Push Server”. +> +> Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 24 should be supported. +> +> **Table 24 : List of OPP Push Server Supporting Functions** +> +> Page 85 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in CT** > **AGL** + ----------- -------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Connection establishment for control > Mandatory > x + > 2 > Release connection for control > Mandatory > x + > 3 > Connection establishment for browsing > C6 > x + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Feature** > **Support in Push Server** > **AGL** + > + > **.** + ---------- ---------------------------- --------------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Object Push > Mandatory > x + + > 2 > Business Card Pull > Option > - + + > 3 > Business Card Exchange > Option > - + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 5.1.1.1.6 Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) +> +> The System shall implement Audio / Video Remote Control Profile version 1.6. +> +> The system shall use this profile for audio streaming control for each connected media device +> +> plus one remote control.. +> +> The system must comply with the specification for Controller (CT) items marked with "x" in AGL +> +> column in Table 25 should be supported. +> +> C2: Mandatory if device supports Metadata Attributes for Current Media Item or optional +> +> otherwise +> +> C3: Mandatory to support at least one Category +> +> C4: Mandatory if Category 2 supported, excluded otherwise +> +> C6: Mandatory if Browsing (item 18) is supported, optional otherwise +> +> EX: Excluded +> +> Page 86 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 4 Release connection for browsing C6 x +> +> 5 AV/C Info commands Option x +> +> 6 Category 1: Player/Recorder C3 x +> +> 7 Category 2: Monitor/Amplifier C3 - +> +> 8 Category 3: Tuner C3 - +> +> 9 Category 4: Menu C3 - +> +> 10 Capabilities Option x +> +> 11 Player Application Settings Option x +> +> 12 Metadata Attributes for Current Media Item Option x +> +> 13 Notifications C2 x +> +> 14 Continuation C2 x +> +> 15 Basic Group Navigation Option x +> +> 16 Absolute Volume C4 - +> +> 17 Media Player Selection Option x +> +> 17.1 - Supports Multiple Players Option x +> +> 18 Browsing Option x +> +> 18.1 - Database Aware Players Option x +> +> 19 Search Option - +> +> 20 Now Playing C6 x +> +> 20.1 - Playable Folders Option x +> +> 21 Error Response EX - +> +> 22 PASSTHROUGH operation supporting press and Option x +> +> Page 87 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + > **No** > **Feature** > **Support by the MCE** > **AGL** + > + > **.** + ---------- ------------------------- ----------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Message Notification > C1 > x + + > 2 > Message Browsing > C1 > x + + > 3 > Message Uploading > Option > x + + > 4 > Message Delete > Option > - + + > 5 > Notification > C2 > x + > + > Registration + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> hold +> +> The AVRCP profile realisation shall implement an Inform Battery Status of CT parameter and +> +> pass this information up to so it can be passed to the User. +> +> 5.1.1.1.7 Message Access Profile +> +> Message Access Profile (MAP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary +> +> lower layers. +> +> It has to comply with the specification for “Message Client Equipment (MCE)”. +> +> Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 26 should be supported. +> +> C1: The MCE to support at least one of the C1-labelled features +> +> C2: The MCE shall support Message Notification Registration if it supports Message +> +> Notification. Not applicable otherwise. +> +> Page 88 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in PANU** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Initialization of NAP/GN service > - > - + > 2 > Shutdown of NAP/GN service > - > - + > 3 > Establish NAP/GN service Connection > Mandatory > x + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 5.1.1.1.8 Serial Port Profile (SPP) +> +> The Telephony system shall implement Serial Port Profile as per the SPP specification version +> +> 1.1 or later. +> +> It shall provide following roles: +> +> Initiator - This is the device that takes initiative to form a connection to another device. +> +> Acceptor - This is the device that waits for another device to take initiative to connect. +> +> Following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +> +> Establish link and setup virtual serial connection +> +> Accept link and establish virtual serial connection +> +> Register Service record for application in local SDP database +> +> 5.1.1.1.9 Personal Area Network (PAN) Profile +> +> Personal Area Network Profile (PAN) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +> +> necessary lower layers. +> +> It has to comply with the specification for “PAN User (PANU)”. +> +> Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 27 should be supported. +> +> Page 89 of 159 + + > 4 > Lost NAP/GN Service Connection > Mandatory > x + ----- ------------------------------------------- ------------- ----- + > 5 > Disconnect NAP/GN Service Connection > Mandatory > x + > 6 > Management Information Base (MIB) > - > - + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 5.1.1.1.10 Service Discovery Profile (SDP) +> +> The Telephony system shall implement Service Discovery Application Profile as per the SDAP +> +> specification version 1.1. +> +> The Telephony system shall use this profile to locate services that are available on or via devices +> +> in the vicinity of a Bluetooth enabled device. +> +> It shall provide following roles: +> +> Local Device - A device that initiates the service discovery procedure. +> +> Remote Devices(S) - A device that participates in the service discovery process by responding to +> +> the service inquiries generated by Local Device. +> +> The following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +> +> Search for services by service class +> +> Search for services by service attributes +> +> Service browsing +> +> 5.1.1.1.11 Device Information Profile +> +> Device Identification Profile (DIP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +> +> necessary lower layers. +> +> Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 28 should be supported. +> +> **Table 28 : List of DIP Supporting Functions** +> +> Page 90 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support** > **AGL** + ----------- ----------------------- --------------- ----------- + > 1 > SpecificationID > Mandatory > x + > 2 > VendorID > Mandatory > x + > 3 > ProductID > Mandatory > x + > 4 > Version > Mandatory > x + > 5 > PrimaryRecord > Mandatory > x + > 6 > VendorIDSource > Mandatory > x + > 7 > ClientExecutableURL > - > - + > 8 > ServiceDescription > - > - + > 9 > DocumentationURL > - > - + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 5.1.1.1.12 Bluetooth Smart Ready +> +> Bluetooth Smart Ready shall be supported. +> +> It shall comply with Bluetooth Low Energy standard. +> +> 5.1.1.1.13 Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP) +> +> The Telephony system shall implement Generic Object Exchange Profile as per the GOEX +> +> specification version 2.0 or later. +> +> The Telephony system shall use this profile to facilitate the exchange of binary objects between +> +> devices. The usage model shall be Synchronization, File Transfer or Object Push model. +> +> It shall provide following roles: +> +> Server - This is the device that provides an object exchange server to and from which data +> +> objects shall be pushed and pulled, respectively. +> +> Page 91 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Client - This is the device that can push or/and pull data object(s) to and from the Server. +> +> The following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +> +> Establishing an object connection +> +> Pushing a data object +> +> Pulling a data object +> +> Performing an action on data objects +> +> Creating and managing a Reliable Object Exchange Connection +> +> 5.1.1.1.14 Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile +> +> The Telephony system shall implement Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile as per the +> +> GAVDP specification version 1.2 or later. +> +> The Telephony system shall use this profile to specify signalling transaction procedures between +> +> two devices to set up, terminate, and reconfigure streaming channels. +> +> It shall provide following roles: +> +> Initiator (INT) +> +> Acceptor (ACP) +> +> Following are the feature requirements for this profile: +> +> Connection +> +> Transfer Control +> +> Signalling Control +> +> Security Control +> +> Note: This profile is currently being enhanced to version 1.3. Release date of this version is not +> +> yet finalized. The Telephony system shall be able to upgrade to the newer version in the future. +> +> 5.1.1.1.15 Bluetooth Diagnostics +> +> **5.1.2 Error Management** +> +> The Error Management module provides platform error handling mechanisms. This includes +> +> Page 92 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> detecting system errors that occur after start up to provide a recovery function by localized +> +> restart. In addition, +> +> in case of a broad ranged malfunction, Error Management provide quick detection and recovery +> +> to issue in a short amount of time. +> +> **5.1.2.1 Use Cases** +> +> 5.1.2.1.1 System Surveillance and Recovery +> +> While using in-car information device, if the whole system or part of the function stops, an +> +> immediate error detection and automatic recovery will be needed. For example, when updating +> +> the screen while route guidance is on or voice recognition cannot be used, restart the function to +> +> try and recover. When an error occurs in the core of a system such as an output communicating +> +> middle ware, reboot the whole system to try and recover. +> +> There are several supposed cases for system surveillance such as a case where the system that +> +> adopted AGL and monitors by itself or monitored by the system that has not adopted AGL. The +> +> AGL Error Management scope includes parts of the system that adopted AGL. +> +> The way of recovery has to be assessed by the status of the system behavior. For example, even +> +> if the way to recover the car navigation error might be reboot, the system reboot should not be +> +> done when the car navigation is displaying back camera image. Because of these use cases, Error +> +> Management should focus on the degree of importance for surveillance list process and the +> +> degree should be adjusted by its behavior status. +> +> 5.1.2.1.2 Collecting Information +> +> For when the system failure occurred after the launch, the most urgent item is a prompt +> +> recovery but what is also a point that is worth noting is to collect the information to specify the +> +> cause for its failure. Therefore, gathering information with the minimum recovery time is needed. +> +> With Linux system, memory image dump (core dump) of generally abended process is used. On +> +> the other hand, a scale of middleware which is an in- car application is increasing and has come +> +> Page 93 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> to the point where the time to dump the entire memory image is impermissible. To avoid this, +> +> the Error Management function will provide the system to leave the light log. +> +> **5.1.2.2 Requirements** +> +> Prevent the system failure shutoff and also in case of failure provided the function that judge its +> +> status automatically and recover +> +> The Error Management module should support both surveillance of the whole system and each +> +> process. +> +> The Error Management module should monitor the memory usage of whole system cyclically. +> +> When memory usage exceeds set threshold value, a set action should be done. Cycle, threshold +> +> value, action is changeable by AGL user. +> +> Kernel function that requires Error Management surveillance, driver has to send a notification +> +> to Error Management when an error occurs. The subjects that sends error notifications are +> +> output communication or disk I/O. +> +> Error Management should be able to execute the action after obtaining the error notification +> +> by kernel function and the driver. Action should be changeable by AGL user. For example, an +> +> error for CAN communication is critical so system restart could be done but USB communication +> +> error can be ignored since it may be caused by a compatibility issue between devices. +> +> Error Management should monitor processes for existence or non-existence, when abended it +> +> should execute a set action. The set action should be changeable by the AGL user. Termination +> +> of resident process is a defect but termination of a temporal behaving process is correct so +> +> those two should be able to set separately. +> +> Error Management should monitor the process with a set cycle and when it goes over threshold +> +> value, should be able to execute the set action. Cycle, threshold value, action should be +> +> changeable by AGL user. The subjects of surveillance are CPU usage and memory usage. +> +> Should be able to vanish process forcibly including subsidiary process +> +> Page 94 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Make the software that works by system have the concept of level importance. +> +> Appropriate recovery depending on the level of importance. The level of importance should be +> +> adjustable depending on the status of operation by coordinating with Policy. +> +> The process that detecting an external communication error within the Error Management +> +> module and recovering has to be set to complete before external monitoring detects. +> +> The application that is monitored by the Error Management modulehas to be independent as +> +> more than one process. +> +> The application that is monitored by the Error Management moduleshould not combine multiple +> +> applications to one process. Application’s runtime part does not have the structure where +> +> multiple applications can be moved by the same process. +> +> Service providing side has to be nondense to the application. For example, the Service providing +> +> process such as a software keyboard should not go wrong with the state of App. Such as +> +> process crash, exit, etc.. +> +> An application has to be nondense to an application. When linking two application one ends +> +> suddenly the other will not become abnormal state. +> +> The process that communicates with the external system has to be independent from the other +> +> process while recovering that does not include system restart so that it can notify alive towards +> +> external side. +> +> When the software that is under the surveillance of RAS can not recover with one restart +> +> additional process can be done such as deleting the subject files that were registered +> +> beforehand. +> +> The system has to have a structure where overwrite the files that are stored in a pinned file +> +> system without destroying them. +> +> Page 95 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> When system down occurs (kernel panic), should be able to collect the information need for +> +> analyzing. +> +> When making the system down happen intentionally( BUG\_ON etc.),make sure to leave a +> +> message that can specify the cause. +> +> Both the log which is for debug and can take time to output and the log that leaves minimum log +> +> in a short period of time have been equipped and able to select. +> +> In any abnormal cases log output does not lock the system (stand by for spin lock etc.) or +> +> system down does not occur (self-destruction on log output process). +> +> Should be able to leave the aberrance occurred in kernel area on the log. +> +> Should be able to select the level of log output. +> +> Should be able to record the aberrance log with the time of occurrence. +> +> Should be able to obtain the information linked to the system resources. +> +> Should be able to leave the information corresponding to core dump in a short period of time. +> +> Both the log which is for debug and can take time to output and the log that leaves minimum log +> +> in a short period of time have been equipped and able to select. +> +> As the smallest amount of information, the following information should be left. +> +> · Register information +> +> · Process logical memory map +> +> · +> Stack dump or back trace from the exceptional place of occurrence +> +> · Time of occurrence +> +> · +> Information that can specify the occurred process thread (name of an executing +> +> file‑name of the thread etc.) +> +> Page 96 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> · The signal that occurred +> +> Lightweight core dump is a core dump that can set the restrictions below. +> +> · +> Select the memory mapping category of process executing memory image that targeted +> +> for an output. +> +> · +> Specify the order of an output and output high-priority memory mapping first to prevent +> +> dropping the information needed. +> +> · +> Output only the memory mapping that is linked to the abnormal process (text area). \[O\] +> +> · +> Compress the data for each memory mapping category and output up to the fixed +> +> maximum size. +> +> · +> NOTE information of ELF header and program header will not change. +> +> Selectable memory mappings are the following. +> +> · anonymous private mappings +> +> · anonymous shared mappings +> +> · file-backed private mappings +> +> · file-backed shared mappings +> +> · private huge page +> +> · shared huge page +> +> Setting parameters of the output context are the following. +> +> · +> Memory mapping category which is for an output object can be set. +> +> · The order of outputting memory mapping can be set. +> +> Should be able to leave the log in increments of process. Possible to filter and have a look in +> +> increments of process. +> +> Should be able to leave a trace log in increments of process during process crash. Should be +> +> able to leave a trace log in increments of process during system running, if necessary. +> +> Should be able to obtain the information related to system resource of process. +> +> Page 97 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> There should be a structure to be able to error trace among the whole process in a user space. +> +> **5.1.3 Graphics** +> +> Graphics subsystem; HMI input, wayland, windowing, etc. +> +> **5.1.4 Location Services** +> +> Location services includes support for GPS, location, and positioning services including dead +> +> reckoning. Time of day support is also included in Location Services since time is a primary +> +> output of the GPS receiver. +> +> **5.1.4.1 Position** +> +> **5.1.4.2 Time of Day** +> +> With Linux, time adjusting is generally done by using date command or NTP but since in-car +> +> device can obtain the accurate time from GPS, GPS time is often used as Abs Time. Because of +> +> its advantage where this GPS demand can be done anywhere in the world, it would continue in +> +> future. Therefore, we are going to need a structure for adjusting the Linux system time. +> +> **Monotonic and Absolute Time Support** +> +> As a weak point of GPS, when cold start, it takes a long time to obtain the accurate time. +> +> Because of this, it will not set the right time for booting the system and will adjust it while it’s +> +> moving. As for in-car device, the demand to make the system boot faster is rather strong and +> +> Abs Time can vary while it’s working for one of the middle ware applications. +> +> On the other hand, although POSIX API which is used as a standard for Linux, provides the time +> +> that has not been effected by the adjusting in case of a simple latency, but for resource latency, +> +> some of them can only set with Abs Time. Therefore, in-car Linux needs an API that supports +> +> Monotonic Time. +> +> **Kernel Time Precision** +> +> Page 98 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> In-car device needs to support all kinds of communicating system such as CAN. Those +> +> communicating system includes the device that needs ms order procedure. +> +> In Linux Kernel space, jiffies are used as mere time. However 1jiffies time differs depending on +> +> the CPU architecture and the architecture differs depending on SOC. Because of this, the lowest +> +> value for unit of time that AGL environment has to support needs to be decided. +> +> **5.1.4.3 Requirements** +> +> Should be able to adjust the system time from GPS middle ware. +> +> Adjust the system time after the time is determinate. +> +> GPS middle ware has to have the system where it can implement GPS driver control parts using +> +> the plugin (source plugin). Must tolerate proprietary GPS component. +> +> GPS middle source plugin must tolerate proprietary. Source plugin has to be a license that is not +> +> imposed a duty to open source. For example, header library’s license that is needed to make +> +> Source plugin can not be GPL or LGPL. +> +> When waiting, can use both absolute time and monotonic time +> +> Resource obtaining time out such as mutex, semaphore can use both absolute time and +> +> monotonic time. +> +> Resource obtaining time out such as mutex, semaphore can use both absolute time and +> +> monotonic time. +> +> System time must be able to use consecutively at least until 2099. +> +> Absolute time has to support leap year and leap seconds. +> +> 1 jiffies have to be smaller than 1ms. +> +> Page 99 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Time waiting that involve context switch, must be done with the accuracy over 1ms. +> +> From timer / ISR, can boot tasklet with the accuracy 1ms. +> +> A system has to be able to handle time with at least the accuracy 1ms. +> +> **5.1.5 Health Monitoring** +> +> Platform monitoring services such as watchdog or active monitoring +> +> **5.1.6 IPC** +> +> Standard platform interprocess and interprocessor communication mechanism. +> +> **5.1.7 Lifecycle Management** +> +> Startup, shutdown, state change, etc. +> +> **5.1.8 Network Services** +> +> Includes standard networking protocols such as TCP/IP via any networking physical layer +> +> including Wifi, Bluetooth, or ethernet. +> +> **5.1.9 Persistent Storage** +> +> Power safe persistent storage +> +> **5.1.10 Power Management** +> +> Amount of ECUs in the car and their complexity has grown dramatically over last decade. Needs +> +> in processing power are constantly growing to catch up with demands of automotive industry. +> +> *This, in turn has impact on power budget and temperature/heat dissipation characteristic of* +> +> Page 100 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> modern ECUs +> +> In parallel, success of green, electric cars is pushing power budget limits down as never before, +> +> in distant future we may see “battle for watts” in automotive electronics. Finding optimal +> +> balance between performance and ECU operating modes, frequencies, voltages is also important +> +> for overall durability characteristic. +> +> Suspend/resume techniques and retention of the ECU in lower power states now becoming +> +> more welcomed over traditional cold boot approaches. +> +> Linux community has been working on power management architecture for many years, it has +> +> become a state of art framework and set of components that addresses needs not only +> +> consumer electronics industry, but also industrial automation, security, etc.) +> +> **5.1.10.1 Requirements** +> +> AGL kernel shall allow switching between active and suspend states. Exact definition of suspend +> +> states is platform/architecture-specific (e.g. “suspend to memory”, “suspend to disk” +> +> /“hibernate” correspond to S3 and S4 in ACPI terminology) +> +> Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected by suspend/resume transitions. +> +> AGL kernel shall provide sufficient APIs for application to control active/suspend state +> +> transitions and receive appropriate events/notifications. Kernel should not initiate power state +> +> transitions if no requests provided from applications. +> +> Detailed definition of steps/actions required for suspend/resume sequence is out of the scope of +> +> this specification (it is also platform-dependent). +> +> AGL kernel for SMP configurations shall allow enabling/disabling of individual cores (or group of +> +> cores) (NOTE: on some platforms/architectures enabling/disabling may be achieved by putting +> +> core in one of its low power states) +> +> AGL kernel shall only provide mechanism for applications to request enabling/disabling particular +> +> cores from SMP group. +> +> Page 101 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> AGL kernel shall support CPU frequency and voltage scaling. Exact definition of operating points +> +> (table of frequencies/voltages allowed by hardware) is platform/architecture-specific (moreover, +> +> some of operating points may be omitted/ignored in AGL kernel as their impact on power budget +> +> insignificant) +> +> Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected by CPU frequency and voltage scaling +> +> Only application-defined policies shall be allowed for CPU frequency and voltage scaling. +> +> Default in-kernel governors/policies (e.g. on-demand or performance) shall not be used and they +> +> may have negative impact on overall system performance/predictability +> +> AGL kernel shall allow switching between active and idle states. Exact definition of idle states is +> +> platform/architecture-specific (e.g. C0..C4 in ACPI terminology or WFI+… for ARM) +> +> Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected entering/leaving one of idle states +> +> Only application-defined policies shall be allowed for CPU Idle +> +> AGL kernel shall support run-time power management of I/O (peripheral) devices +> +> AGL kernel shall support I/O (peripheral) device voltage and frequency scaling +> +> **5.1.11 Resource Management** +> +> Resource and device management. +> +> Resource Management shall provide an interface to be used for informing status of a resource +> +> request by the Resource Manager. +> +> **5.1.12 Telephony Services** +> +> **5.1.12.1 Requirements** +> +> Page 102 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 5.1.12.1.1 Telephony variants +> +> Purpose: To define the variants of Telephony +> +> Requirement: +> +> There will be 2 variants of phone system. +> +> Variant 1: Front User only Telephony. +> +> Variant 2: Rear and Front Telephony. +> +> All variants will have Bluetooth capability. The feature will be configurable so that the feature +> +> can be disabled via car configuration. +> +> **5.1.13 Wi-Fi** +> +> This Wi-Fi subsystem controls registration, connection management, and device information +> +> management between a wireless LAN device and infotainment system. +> +> Necessary Wi-Fi specification in automotive use case is defined here. +> +> **5.1.13.1 Use Cases** +> +> 5.1.13.1.1 Construct WiFi Network +> +> In-Vehicle Infotainment systems constructs 3 types of Wi-Fi networks. +> +> a\. STA +> +> In-Vehicle Infotainment system acts as a STA (Station) and connects to an external network via +> +> an Access Point. +> +> It also connects to Access Points which support Wi-Fi Hotspot. +> +> b\. AP +> +> In-Vehicle Infotainment system acts as an AP (Access Point) and connects multiple Wi-Fi devices +> +> with an external network. +> +> Page 103 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> It also connects Wi-Fi devices which support Wi-Fi Hotspot. +> +> c\. P2P +> +> In-Vehicle Infotainment system and Wi-Fi device makes P2P (Peer to Peer) connection using Wi- +> +> Fi Direct. +> +> 5.1.13.1.2 Miracast +> +> In-Vehicle Infotainment system and Wi-Fi device shares a display using Miracast.-(a) +> +> They are also remotely operated to a Wi-Fi device from the infotainment system, or vice versa, +> +> by using UIBC (User Interface Back Channel).-(b) +> +> **Figure 8-29 : Overview of Miracast** +> +> a\. Shared Displayed Content +> +> Page 104 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Use case examples of shared displayed content are: +> +> · +> A passenger on the passenger seat views the multimedia content played on Wi-Fi Device +> +> (e.g. Mobile) on In-Vehicle Infotainment system. +> +> · +> A rear seat passenger views the multimedia content played on In-Vehicle Infotainment +> +> system on Wi-Fi Device(e.g. Rear seat monitor). +> +> b\. Remote Operation +> +> Use case examples of remote operation are: +> +> · +> A passenger on the passenger seat plays the multimedia content stored in Wi-Fi Device +> +> (e.g. Mobile) by operating In-Vehicle Infotainment system. +> +> · +> A passenger on the rear seat controls air conditioner functionality in In-Vehicle +> +> Infotainment system by operating a Wi-Fi Device (e.g. Mobile). +> +> · +> While the vehicle is in motion, a passenger on the rear seat controls the navigation +> +> functionality in a passenger on the rear seat controls by operating a Wi-Fi Device(e.g. +> +> Mobile). +> +> 5.1.13.1.3 DLNA +> +> In-Vehicle Infotainment system connects with a DLNA device via Wi-Fi. +> +> **5.1.13.2 Requirements** +> +> 5.1.13.2.1 Security +> +> The WiFi module shall support security standard WEP. +> +> It shall support 40 bit WEP encryption method. +> +> It shall support 104 bit WEP encryption method. +> +> It shall support security standard WPA Personal. +> +> Page 105 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> It shall support TKIP encryption method. +> +> It shall support CCMP encryption method. +> +> It shall support security standard WPA2 Personal. +> +> It shall support TKIP encryption method. +> +> It shall support CCMP encryption method. +> +> It shall support security standard WPA Enterprise. +> +> It shall support TKIP encryption method. +> +> It shall support CCMP encryption method. +> +> It shall support security standard WPA2 Enterprise. +> +> It shall support TKIP encryption method. +> +> It shall support CCMP encryption method. +> +> 5.1.13.2.2 Simple Configuration +> +> It shall comply with WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) standard. +> +> It shall be able to perform connection with PIN (Personal Identification Number) method. +> +> It shall support Configuration Method for Display. +> +> Page 106 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> It shall support Configuration Method for Keypad. +> +> It shall be able to perform connection with PBC (Push button configuration) method. +> +> It shall support Configuration Method for PushButton. +> +> It shall be able to perform connection with NFC (Near Field Communication) method. +> +> 5.1.13.2.3 QoS +> +> It shall comply with WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) standard. +> +> It shall comply with WMM-PS (Wireless Multimedia Power Save) standard. +> +> 5.1.13.2.4 STA +> +> The In-Vehicle system shall be able to function as a STA (Non-AP Station). +> +> 5.1.13.2.5 AP +> +> The In-Vehicle system shall be able to function as an AP (Access Point). +> +> 5.1.13.2.6 WiFi Direct +> +> It shall comply with Wi-Fi Direct standard. +> +> It shall support the WiFi Direct functions as listed in Table 29. +> +> Page 107 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Feature** > **(Reference)** + > + > **Support in Wi-** + > + > **Fi Direct** + ----------- ---------------------------------------------------- -------------------------- ------------------------ + > 1 > P2P Provision > ‑ > Mandatory + > + > Discovery + + > 2 > P2P Device Discovery > Scan Phase > Mandatory + + > 3 > ‑ > Find Phase > Mandatory + + > 4 > P2P GO Negotiation > ‑ > Mandatory + + > 5 > P2P Service Discovery > ‑ > Option + + > 6 > P2P Invitation > Temporary P2P Group > Option + + > 7 > ‑ > Persistent P2P Group > Option + + > 8 > Persistent P2P Group / Persistent Reconnect > Option + + > 9 > Intra-BSS Distribution > ‑ > Option + + > 10 > Concurrent Operation > ‑ > Option + + > 11 > P2P Service Discovery > UPnP > Option + + > 12 > ‑ > Bonjour > Option + + > 13 > ‑ > Wi-Fi Display > Option + + > 14 > ‑ > WS-Discovery > Option + + > 15 > ‑ > Vendor specific > Option + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 5.1.13.2.7 Miracast +> +> Page 108 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > ‑**No.** > **Feature** > ‑ > **(Refere** + > + > **nce)** + > + > **Suppor** + > + > **t in** + > + > **Miracas** + > + > **t** + ------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------- + > 1 > WFD Device type > WFD Source > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 2 > ‑ > Primary Sink > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 3 > ‑ > Dual-role possible > Option + + > 4 > WFD Service > ‑ > Option + > + > Discovery + + > 5 > WFD connection establishment with Wi-Fi P2P > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 6 > WFD connection establishment with Wi-Fi TDLS > Option + + > 7 > Persistent WFD > via Wi-Fi P2P > Option + > + > Group + + > 8 > ‑ > via TDLS > Option + + > 9 > WFD Capability Negotiation (RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 10 > WFD Session Establishment (RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> It shall comply with Miracast standard. +> +> It shall support the Miracast functions identified in Table 30. +> +> Page 109 of 159 + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 11 > AV Streaming and Control (MPEG-TS/RTP/RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + ------ --------------------------------------------------- ----------- ---------- + > 12 > WFD Standby (RTP/RTSP) > Option + + > 13 > Video CODEC formats > Option + + > 14 > Audio CODEC formats > Option + + > 15 > UIBC > Generic + + > 16 > HIDC + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 5.1.13.2.8 WiFi Hotspot +> +> It shall comply with Wi-Fi Hotspot standard. +> +> In-Vehicle system which acts as an a STA(Non-AP Station)shall be able to connect with Hotspot +> +> service. +> +> In-Vehicle system which acts as an AP (Access Point) shall be able to provide Hotspot service. +> +> 5.1.13.2.9 DLNA via WiFi +> +> The In-Vehicle system shall be able to connect with DLNA devices via Wi-Fi. +> +> **5.1.14 Window System** +> +> A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user +> +> interface. A window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing +> +> Units (GPUs), input devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software +> +> component named window manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, +> +> and a routing of user interactions. +> +> Page 110 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 5.2 Automotive Services +> +> Automotive Services Layer contains services that are not found in a typical Linux distribution but +> +> contains services specialized for automotive applications. +> +> **5.2.1 Audio Services** +> +> BTBF, equilization, mult-zone audio control, etc. +> +> **5.2.2 Camera Services** +> +> Standard interface to vehicle mounted cameras; backup camera, side and front cameras, etc. +> +> **5.2.3 Configuration Services** +> +> Service for storing configuration parameters. +> +> **5.2.4 Diagnostic Services** +> +> Diagnostic services. +> +> (This is automotive diagnostics such as storing and retrieving DTC. ) +> +> **5.2.5 Multimedia Services** +> +> CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, MP3, etc. +> +> (Factor out metadata into separate component.) +> +> **5.2.5.1 Media Player** +> +> In-vehicle multimedia system shall provide rich and robust user-experience that includes not just +> +> Page 111 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> support of multiple audio-video formats, but also variety of input and output audio/video +> +> devices, both static and dynamically pluggable. In contrast to mobile or desktop applications, +> +> there is normally more than one consumer of multimedia content in a car, with front- and rear- +> +> seat passengers as well as driver all having independent requirements. +> +> The following requirements are considered essential for in-vehicle multimedia system: +> +> · +> Supported multimedia formats shall correspond to major end-user expectations, i.e. the +> +> ones encountered in mobile and desktop world. +> +> · +> Multiple audio / video sources and sinks, both static (i.e. always existing in the system) +> +> and dynamic (i.e. appearing and disappearing when user connects a Bluetooth headset or +> +> establishes a network connection.) +> +> · +> Multiple independent consumers of multimedia data and globally configurable routing of +> +> audio / video processing chains. +> +> Latency requirements of audio/video processing may also vary depending on a type of the data +> +> processed; e.g. data from rear-view camera shall be decoded and visualized “instantly” in +> +> comparison to a movie clip displayed on rear-passenger monitor, voice notification from +> +> navigation software shall not be delayed significantly, speech data passed to and from +> +> Bluetooth headset during phone conversation shall have reasonably bounded latencies and so +> +> on. +> +> It is considered that multimedia system may consist of multiple processing units, and therefore +> +> processing load balancing mechanism shall be present. Mechanisms of audio/video processing +> +> offloading to dedicated processing units (hardware acceleration) shall be provisioned, with +> +> particular implementation freedom left for a silicon vendor. +> +> The following requirements formalize these considerations. +> +> **5.2.5.2 Requirements** +> +> 5.2.5.2.1 Media Containers +> +> AGL shall provide an API that allows handling of various media data within the system. This +> +> includes audio/video playback and recording as well as media streaming over the network. It +> +> shall be possible to run multiple media streams in parallel for all IVI users, with configurable +> +> input/output devices routing. Multimedia framework does not necessarily need to be isolated +> +> from application (that is, it may run in the same address space as application), however it shall +> +> be guaranteed that independent applications using the framework are isolated from each other. +> +> Page 112 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> AGL shall provide support for extraction from media containers streams other than audio-visual, +> +> for example subtitles. Application shall be able to retrieve timing information as well as stream +> +> identification data from media container. +> +> AGL shall provide support for major network streaming protocols such as: +> +> · HTTP +> +> · RTPS +> +> · Digital Radio (DAB) +> +> · DigitalTV (DVB-T) etc. +> +> It shall be possible to extend the set of supported streaming protocols in accordance with +> +> system requirements. +> +> AGL shall provide a mechanism to utilize available hardware accelerators to offload +> +> computationally extensive processing to specialized units in vendor-specific way. Such +> +> extension, if available, shall be transparent to the applications. +> +> Lip Synch must be implemented as plug-in software for Multimedia Framework. +> +> AGL shall provide a mechanism to automatically detect type of media data contained in the +> +> source file, and to instantiate all required components to organize data processing without +> +> intervention of the application. It shall be, however, possible for application to control this +> +> process if it is essential for its functionality. Example of such intervention would be selection of +> +> particular audio track (in user-chosen language) or selection of particular video stream from +> +> multiple choices. +> +> AGL shall provide an API to control execution of audio/video processing chain, specifically shall +> +> support the following functionality: +> +> · +> Selection of data source and destination (files, devices, network resources) +> +> · Pausing/resuming of multimedia streams +> +> · Rewinding in forward and reverse directions (for playback) +> +> · Audio volume control on per-stream basis +> +> · Retrieval of current stream position (timestamp) +> +> Page 113 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> · +> Notifications on error conditions preventing multimedia stream processing +> +> AGL shall provide a mechanism to specify routing of input and output devices that are involved +> +> into multimedia data processing. In particular, for playback scenario it shall be possible to +> +> specify where audio and video data is rendered, and for recording scenario it shall be possible to +> +> specify capturing source. It shall be possible to organize broadcasting of decoded raw +> +> audio/video streams to multiple renderers as well. +> +> AGL shall include a dedicated sound server that simplifies routing, mixing, post-processing and +> +> synchronization of raw PCM audio streams. Specifically, the following functionality is expected: +> +> · +> Support for multiple audio sources and audio sinks with arbitrary (configurable) routing. +> +> · Per-stream volume and audio effects control. +> +> · +> Resampling and format conversion (e.g. channels downmixing, sample width conversion). +> +> · +> Sample-accurate streams synchronization (e.g. for echo-cancellation purpose). +> +> · Mixing and broadcasting of the audio streams. +> +> AGL shall provide a mechanism to control sound server configuration in run-time, that is, to +> +> specify the rules and policies defining system response to external events like adding or +> +> removing of new audio device (e.g. Bluetooth headset connection), receiving of the phone call, +> +> emergency system alarm output and so on. +> +> AGL shall provide support for major multimedia containers, such as: +> +> · MPEG2-TS/PS (ISO/IEC 13818-1) +> +> · MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14, ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003) +> +> It shall be possible to extend the set of supported multimedia formats in accordance with +> +> system requirements. +> +> It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional optional multimedia containers such as: +> +> · OGG (RFC 3533) +> +> · 3GPP (ISO/IEC 14496-12) +> +> · etc +> +> Page 114 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 5.2.5.2.2 Media Audio Codecs +> +> AGL shall provide support for major audio codecs, such as: +> +> · +> MP3 (MPEG-1/2 Audio Layer-3, ISO/IEC 11172-3, ISO/IEC 13818-3) +> +> · AAC (ISO/IEC 13818-7, ISO/IEC 14496-3) +> +> It shall be possible to extend the set of supported audio codecs in accordance with system +> +> requirements. +> +> It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional audio codecs, such as: +> +> · VORBIS (http://xiph.org/vorbis/) +> +> · Windows Media Audio +> +> · etc. +> +> 5.2.5.2.3 Media Video Codecs +> +> AGL shall provide support for major video codecs, such as: +> +> · MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818-2) +> +> · MPEG-4 Part 2 (ISO/IEC 14496-2) +> +> · H.264 (MPEG-4 Part10, ISO/IEC 14496-10, ITU-T H.264) +> +> It shall be possible to extend the set of supported video codecs in accordance with system +> +> requirements. +> +> It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional video codecs, such as: +> +> · Theora (www.theora.org) +> +> · Windows Media Video +> +> · etc +> +> 5.2.5.2.4 Image File Formats +> +> Page 115 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in BMP, up to 32 bit true +> +> colour. +> +> Compression formats +> +> · RLE 8 bits/pixel +> +> · RLE 4 bits/pixel +> +> · Bit field or Huffman 1D compression +> +> · JPEG or RLE-24 +> +> · PNG +> +> The system shall be able to perform all required operations on Viewing of Image in JPEG/JPEG 2000 +> +> The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in JPEG XR/HD, including +> +> Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) format. +> +> The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on Viewing of Image in PNG, +> +> including transparency +> +> The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in GIF 87a and enhanced +> +> version 89a and also animation in GIFF images. +> +> The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing images in TIFF format. +> +> The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in WBMP +> +> format. +> +> The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in WBMP +> +> format. +> +> **5.2.6 Navigation Services** +> +> Navigation engine +> +> Page 116 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **5.2.7 PIM** +> +> Personal Information Manager; calendar, appointments, reminders, etc. +> +> **5.2.8 Smartphone Link** +> +> This section describes regarding Smartphone link. Smartphone Link is the technology which +> +> realizes that video and audio streaming play which data from smartphone. And touch operation +> +> is possible to share between IVI and smartphone. MirrorLink, Miracast, SmartDeviceLink and +> +> AirPlay are technologies that realize Smartphone Link. By this technology, it is possible to use +> +> smartphone content (map, music, browser...) by IVI. +> +> Figure 8-30 shows the system structure of the Smartphone Link. +> +> **Figure: 8-30** +> +> Page 117 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> AGL defines following requirements of Smartphone link. +> +> 1. The screen of smartphone shall be mirrored to IVI. +> +> 2. The sound of smartphone shall be linked to IVI. +> +> 3. The sound shall be synchronized with the screen. +> +> 4. IVI should operate smartphone. +> +> 5. The response time of operations from IVI should be less than 200ms. +> +> 6. If connection between smart phone and ivi was disconnected by external factor, then should +> +> inform the "disconnection" to a user and return to the normal state. +> +> This document describes “Miracast” and “SmartDeviceLink” from the reference of Smartphone +> +> link. +> +> **5.2.8.1 Miracast** +> +> This section describes requirements regarding Smartphone link (Miracast). +> +> Miracast is the display transfer technology using wireless connection which was defined by Wi- +> +> Fi Alliance. Send screen data from source device to sink device and it realize display sharing +> +> between source device and sink device. +> +> Following figure (Figure: 8‑31) shows the system structure of Miracast. +> +> **Figure: 8-31** +> +> Page 118 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Requires** > **Description** + ------------ ----------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- + > SPL.1.1 > WFD Topology > Define role of Miracast + + > SPL.1.2 > Connection Topology > Define connection condition between + > + > a smartphone and an IVI + + > SPL.1.2. > P2P Topology > Define connection method of P2P (Wi-Fi + > > + > 1 > Direct). + + > SPL.1.2. > Wi-Fi Frequency > Define Wi-Fi frequency + > + > 2 + + > SPL.1.3 > Video Format > Define Video format + + > SPL.1.4 > Audio Format > Define Audio format + + > SPL.1.5 > Session Control > Define Miracast session state + + > SPL.1.6 > Link Content Protection > Define content protection function required + > + > for implementing Miracast + + > SPL.1.7 > Resource Management > Define resource management + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Follow reference documents to support Miracast if there was no description of this section. +> +> **References** +> +> \[1\] Wi-Fi Display Technical Specification Version 1.0.0 +> +> \[2\] W-Fi Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Technical Specification Version 1.2 +> +> \[3\] High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System Interface Independent Adaption Revision +> +> 2.2 +> +> \[4\] DCP (Digital Content Protection) <http://www.digital-cp.com/> +> +> AGL provide display sharing technology between Smartphone and IVI system using Miracast. +> +> Page 119 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> SPL.1.8 Fail-safe Control Define Fail-safe control +> +> **Table 8-14: Smartphone Link (Miracast) Requirements** +> +> **Figure: 8-32 State Change Diagram** +> +> The states of Smartphone link (Miracast) is defined in Table 8-32. +> +> Page 120 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **State** > **Description** + ----------- ------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Idle > Smartphone link (Miracast) function is not initialized. + + > 2 > Initialized > Smartphone link (Miracast) function is initialized and + > + > waiting for Wi-Fi P2P connection from source + > + > device. + + > 3 > Connected Wi-Fi P2P > Established Wi-Fi P2P connection with source + > + > device. + + > 4 > Initiated > Smartphone link (Miracast) session is established. + + > 5 > Play > Streaming the audio and video content from source + > + > device to sink device. + + > 6 > Pause > Paused the streaming of audio and video content + > + > from source divide to sink device. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **5.2.8.2 Smart Device Link** +> +> “Smart Device Link”, aka “SDL”, is template based approach of smartphone link capability. +> +> Application itself is in a mobile phone, however, HMI is provided by IVI system. This approach +> +> makes it possible to apply IVI adapted user experience, such as larger button to prevent driver’s +> +> distraction and voice recognition. +> +> That means, application requests to IVI system, then IVI system will respond by using remote +> +> procedure calls. Application’s HMI will be rendered by IVI system by using IVI’s HMI framework +> +> and/or policy, though all the application’s logic is contained in mobile phone. +> +> SDL provides more suitable HMI for IVI rather than mirroring type approach, however, mobile +> +> phone’s application must support SDL capability. In other words, only SDL supported +> +> applications can be launched. +> +> Page 121 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **Figure 8-33 : SDL overview** +> +> **5.2.8.3 Requirements** +> +> 5.2.8.3.1 Miracast +> +> System must provide a capability of Miracast as smartphone link function. +> +> · +> Support WFD Primary Sink and support MPEG2-TS(Video, Audio) streaming play which +> +> from Source Device‑Smartphone‑. +> +> · Supporting WFD Source is an option. +> +> · +> Support customize function using “Miracast setting file” which used for negotiation (\*1) +> +> source device and sink device (\*1. Video format, audio format and other parameters). +> +> · +> Screen data which from Smartphone may not support Drivers Destruction, therefore take +> +> measures to Drivers Destruction. (e.g. Disable Miracast during vehicle speed over +> +> 5Km/H) +> +> · Support Wi-Fi P2P connection. +> +> · +> Follow reference \[1\] and reference \[2\] to support Wi-Fi P2P function, parameters in +> +> Miracast connection and so on if there was no description of this section. +> +> · Wi-Fi TDLS connection is an option. +> +> · +> AGL do not define confliction specification regarding Wi-Fi connection. (e.g. User select +> +> Wi-Fi P2P connect ion during accessing Wi-Fi connection.) +> +> · +> AGL do not define confliction specification regarding Sink device operation when receive +> +> Page 122 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> connection request from Source device. (e.g. Connect automatically, ask user for +> +> confirmation) +> +> · +> Support P2P Group Owner and P2P client as the topology of Wi-Fi P2P connection. +> +> · +> Support DHCP server and DHCP client for TCP/IP seamless connection after P2P +> +> connection established. +> +> · +> Support 2.4GHz band for the frequency of Wi-Fi P2P connection. +> +> · +> Supporting 5GHz band is an option, but support DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) +> +> function if support 5GHz band. +> +> · Follow reference \[1\] for Video Codec. +> +> · Support follow format for Video Resolution and Frame rate. +> +> o 640\*480‑VGA‑‑Progressive 60 fps +> +> o 1280\*720‑HD‑Progressive 30 fps +> +> Regarding Video resolution and Frame rate, other formats are an option. +> +> · Support follow format for Audio. +> +> o LPCM 48ksps 16bit 2ch +> +> o AAC 48ksps 16bit 2ch +> +> Regarding Audio Format, other formats are an option. +> +> When the state changes "Pause", take measures to give notice of pause for user. (e.g. pop-up +> +> notification) +> +> Screen data which from Smartphone may be protected by content protection, therefore support +> +> content protection function. +> +> · +> AGL recommend HDCP function which described reference \[2\], \[3\]. But AGL do not +> +> define HDCP function. Each vendor should support content protection function as for +> +> Page 123 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> vendor’s own reason. +> +> · Support both encryption cases if support HDCP function. +> +> o Case1 Videos data encryption +> +> o Case2 Both video and audio encryption +> +> Take notice that it is necessary to satisfy security requirements specified according to +> +> DCP.(reference \[4\]) +> +> · +> Miracast must support interruption by other function. If some high priority event occurs, +> +> then Miracast release screen and audio resources for the event. +> +> · +> It is selectable how to deal Miracast session. (Standby Miracast session or close Miracast +> +> session.) +> +> · +> Support a notification to a user and returning to the normal state, if following events +> +> happen. +> +> o Failed to Wi-Fi connection +> +> o Failed to establish Miracast session +> +> o Wi-Fi link loss on Miracast +> +> o Break Miracast connection from smartphone +> +> 5.2.8.3.2 Smart Device Link +> +> System must provide a capability of Smart Device Link as smartphone link function. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to render HMI of SDL according to template. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to enable user interface regarding SDL by using touch panel +> +> device of IVI device. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to enable user interface regarding SDL by using voice +> +> Page 124 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> recognition of IVI system. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to link Android device regarding SDL capability. Connectivity +> +> method must be supported Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to link iPhone device regarding SDL capability. Connectivity +> +> method must be supported Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi. +> +> **5.2.9 Speech Services** +> +> The Speech Services module provides voice recognition and synthesis for AGL applications. +> +> AGL system voice framework must be able to record and interpret voice commands +> +> AGL system voice framework must be able to convert text to synthesized speech +> +> **5.2.10 Tuner Services** +> +> The Tuner Services module provides a mechanism that allows different tuner types to plug into +> +> the same API regardless of the receiver type. Support for AM/FM, HD Radio, SDARS, DAB, DRM, +> +> TV Tuners etc is provided. The Tuner Services module shall allow multiple tuners to be present +> +> in the same system and allow its clients to address each tuner in the system independently. +> +> **5.2.10.1 Receivers** +> +> The Receivers module of Automotive Grade Linux may control different receiver types including +> +> AM, FM, Hybrid Digital (HD) Radio, SDARS, and DAB tuners. The module may access any +> +> number of different tuners. For all tuner types the module supports accessing station data from +> +> the tuner, changing the receiver frequency or station and reading station metadata about current +> +> content. +> +> The Receivers module shall provide a mechanism that allows different tuner types to plug into +> +> the same API regardless of the receiver type. +> +> Page 125 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> The Receivers module shall allow multiple receivers to be present in the same system and allow +> +> its clients to address each receiver in the system independently. +> +> 5.2.10.1.1 HD Radio +> +> HD Radio is a proprietary In-Band on Channel (IBOC) system created and owned by Ibiquity. An +> +> HD radio receives analog AM/FM signals and can also use digital information in a subband to +> +> provide additional stations and/or enhance the audio quality of the main station. When the +> +> receiver is decoding digital data for AM/FM playback it is commonly thought of as HD Radio. The +> +> HD Radio system architecture shall conform to the broadcast system design proposed by the +> +> iBiquity Digital Corporation detailed in RX\_SSFD\_5029. Both the HD hardware and functional +> +> design shall meet all iBiquity Digital specifications, and satisfy the Type Approval specified by +> +> iBiquity Digital. +> +> The IBOC hardware is assumed to have three modes which will be used to describe the +> +> requirements in this section. +> +> 1) AM - radio is decoding an over the air AM station. +> +> 2) FM - radio is decoding an over the air FM station. +> +> 3) HD - radio is decoding an AM or FM station using the subband for the over the air station. +> +> Each requirement may refer to AM and/or FM and/or HD to specify the modes the requirement is +> +> applicable to. +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the HD radio reception and present the status +> +> to the system. +> +> AM/FM/HD tuner shall be able to tune to a specified frequency and report the result of the +> +> tuning process. The possible results are, Tuning successful and Tuning unsuccessful. If Tuning +> +> successful event is notified by the tuner, it shall play the audio through the selected audio +> +> output. If tuner notifies the Tuning unsuccessful event, the system shall inform that "No +> +> Reception" is available in that specific channel. +> +> AM system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +> +> the system, which shall be added in the station database. +> +> Page 126 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> · Frequency +> +> · Mono/Stereo +> +> FM system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +> +> the system, which shall be added in the station database. +> +> · Frequency +> +> · PI Code (RDS only) +> +> · PTY (RDS only) +> +> · Radio Text (RDS only) +> +> · PS Name (RDS only) +> +> · Category (RDS only) +> +> · Mono/Stereo +> +> HD system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +> +> the system, which shall be added in the station database. +> +> · Frequency +> +> · PTY +> +> · No of HD channels available +> +> · Radio Text +> +> · Channel Name +> +> · Category +> +> · Bit rate +> +> · Station Logo +> +> · Artist Experience +> +> The System shall allow the tuned frequency to be incremented or decremented. +> +> The System shall be able to tune to the next/previous valid station as determined by signal +> +> strength. +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall be able to abort Seek Up/Down operations. +> +> Page 127 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to set the stop sensitivity for seek over FM band and shall be +> +> possible to adjust by software. +> +> · Range: 15 – 40 dBµV +> +> · Step: 1 dBµV +> +> · Default: 20 dBµV +> +> · +> Other parameters like multipath shall be possible to use for determining Stop sensitivity +> +> level. TBD, Supplier to suggest solution. +> +> AM/HD system shall be able to set the stop sensitivity for seek over AM band and shall be +> +> possible to adjust by software. +> +> · Range: 20 – 40 dBµV +> +> · Step: 1 dBµV +> +> · Default: 34 dBµV +> +> · +> It shall be possible to have different setting depending on atmospheric conditions (e.g. +> +> different for night and day). +> +> The system shall be able to switch between AM and FM bands. +> +> HD system shall be able to extract the Station Information Service (SIS) Short Name from the +> +> SIS Protocol Data Unit (PDU) on the Primary IBOC Data Service (PIDS) logical channel and +> +> present to the system. The implementation of SIS Short Name feature shall be in compliance +> +> with iBiquity Digital specification "HD Radio™ Air Interface Design Description Station +> +> Information Service Transport". +> +> HD system shall be able to extract the Station Information Service (SIS) Long Name from the +> +> SIS Protocol Data Unit (PDU) on the Primary IBOC Data Service (PIDS) logical channel and +> +> present to the system. The implementation of SIS Long Name feature shall be in compliance +> +> with iBiquity Digital specification "HD Radio™ Air Interface Design Description Station +> +> Information Service Transport". +> +> HD system shall indicate the HD channel number of current tuned channel. It shall be 1 to 8. +> +> Page 128 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> HD system shall extract the following PAD data from audio stream and present to the system. +> +> · Song +> +> · Artist +> +> · Album +> +> · Genre +> +> · Comments +> +> · Commercial +> +> · Reference Identifier +> +> The system implementation shall be in compliance with iBiquity Digital HD radio specification +> +> "HD Radio Air Interface Design Description - Program Service Data Rev. C" +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to receive and extract the RDS/RBDS data and present to the +> +> system. The system implementation shall be in compliance with "BS EN 62106:2009, +> +> Specification of the radio data system (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting in the frequency +> +> range from 87,5 MHz to 108,0 MHz". +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable RDS/RBDS. When RDS/RBDS is enabled/disabled +> +> the system shall indicate this. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the radio text display. +> +> FM/HD system shall present the Alternative Frequency (AF) setting status to the system. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable alternative frequency switching. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to notify the system when an Emergency Alert Interrupt is received. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to skip the Emergency Alert when it is on-air. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to notify the system when Emergency Alert Interrupt is received +> +> through RDS. +> +> Page 129 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to cancel the PTY31 interrupt notification. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Traffic Announcement reception. +> +> FM/HD system shall present the status of the FM traffic announcement to the system. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to skip the FM traffic announcement when it is on-air. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable regionalisation. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Traffic Message Channel (TMC) reception. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Transport Protocol Expert Group (TPEG) +> +> reception. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to receive the traffic updates from the Japanese traffic channels. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the News announcement reception. +> +> FM/HD system shall be able to skip the News when being broadcast. +> +> HD system shall decode PNG images which shall be in compliance with HD Design specification. +> +> HD system shall be able to decode the channel icon PNG images and present to the system. +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall be able to mute the audio output. +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall be able to un-mute the audio output. +> +> *HD system shall extract the album name, artist name, track number from the audio stream a*nd +> +> Page 130 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> present to the system. +> +> The feature will store the data of a tagged song in non-volatile memory within the IMC. The +> +> feature will be able to store at least 50 tags. +> +> *5.2.10.1.1.1 Configuration* +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the frequency band through local configuration +> +> file. +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the step frequency through local configuration file. +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the seek stop level threshold through local +> +> configuration file. +> +> 5.2.10.1.2 Database Requirements +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall require a database to store the channel list information which contains +> +> the following attributes: +> +> · Frequency +> +> · PTY (FM & HD only) +> +> · Channel name (FM & HD only) +> +> · Channel icon (HD Only) +> +> · Category (FM & HD only) +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall be able to update the channel list database based on the following +> +> conditions: +> +> · New channel is found +> +> · Existing channel disappears +> +> · +> Channel list update shall not create any inconsistency on the current channel list +> +> database. +> +> Page 131 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the channel name, and present +> +> to the system. +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the ascending order of the +> +> frequency, and present to the system. +> +> FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the PTY (Program Type) category, +> +> and present to the system. +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall create favourite station database which consists of the following +> +> information: +> +> · Station name (FM and HD only) +> +> · Frequency +> +> · Status of HD (HD, HD1, HD2) +> +> · HD SIS (HD only) +> +> AM/FM/HD system shall be able to update the database based on following conditions: +> +> · Favourite station changed +> +> · Favourite station is removed +> +> · New favourite is added +> +> **5.2.11 Vehicle Bus / Vehicle Info Control** +> +> Vehicle Info Control (VIC) provides a capability to access to various vehicle properties from +> +> applications and/or other middleware. Standardized interfaces are provided to vehicle CAN, and +> +> LIN bus. Figure 7-27 describes overall architecture of Vehicle Info Control. The main purpose of +> +> VIC is to provide API to application and/or middleware. Vehicle Info Control has four main +> +> functions. +> +> · Vehicle Data Processing +> +> · Communication between ECUs +> +> · Vehicle Data Upload +> +> Page 132 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> · Simulator +> +> **Figure 7-27 : Overview of Vehicle Info Control** +> +> **5.2.11.1 Vehicle Data Processing** +> +> Vehicle data is the information about the vehicle itself, and the information in cars (for example, +> +> personal information on a driver, etc.). VIC deals with all the information which application +> +> and/or middleware need within vehicles. The following data is contained in these. +> +> · +> Vehicle information about the vehicles itself, such as speed, a shift position,‑temperature +> +> · User Information, such as a name, taste, etc. of a driver +> +> · The operation history of a driver +> +> Page 133 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> · +> The operation state of the vehicles which middleware determined based on vehicle +> +> conditions, such as speed and day and night +> +> Vehicles data processing consists of the following functional elements further. +> +> (1) Abstraction of Vehicles Data +> +> In VIC, all vehicles data is treated as abstract data. it concerns and comes out of this to the kind +> +> of car, or the country of the destination. For example, though speed is detected at the revolving +> +> speed of the wheel, in VIC, vehicles data is abstracted and treated at speed and it provides for +> +> application and/or middleware. Thereby, application and/or middleware can treat the vehicles +> +> data of the same implications and the same unit. +> +> (2) Maintenance of Vehicles Data +> +> Each abstracted vehicles data is held. The vehicles data to hold is a current value and the past +> +> value (history). +> +> (3) Application / Middleware Interface (API) +> +> The accessing function of the vehicles data from application and/or middleware is offered as API. +> +> Acquisition of the current value of vehicles data or the past history, a setup of vehicles data, and +> +> the change notice function of vehicles data are included in this. However, each vehicles data +> +> restricts the application and/or middleware which can be accessed according to the importance +> +> (access control). +> +> (4) Vehicles Interface +> +> It is a function for managing the various data of vehicles of in-vehicle networks, such as CAN +> +> and FlexRay, etc. The component in which the exchange with actual vehicles performs the +> +> exchange with vehicles by a vehicle type since it is various is not included in requirements. +> +> However, the correspondence procedure of it and VIC is specified. It assumes that two or more +> +> Vehicle Interface is prepared depending on a communication method with vehicles, etc. In +> +> addition, the vehicles data which can be accessed for every Vehicles Interface is restricted. +> +> **5.2.11.2 Communications between ECUs** +> +> Page 134 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> When a system consists of two or more ECUs, the vehicles data managed by ECU other than +> +> ECU in which application and/or middleware are working shall also be treated. For this reason, +> +> vehicle information processing communicates with it of other ECUs. Thereby, application and/or +> +> middleware can be treated, without caring about by which ECU required vehicles data is +> +> acquired. In addition, the communication function between ECUs also restricts the vehicle data +> +> which each ECU can access. +> +> **5.2.11.3 Vehicle Data Upload** +> +> When a system consists of two or more ECUs, the vehicles data managed by ECU other than +> +> ECU in which application and/or middleware are working shall also be treated. For this reason, +> +> vehicle information processing communicates with it of other ECUs. Thereby, application and/or +> +> middleware can be treated, without caring about by which ECU required vehicles data is +> +> acquired. In addition, the communication function between ECUs also restricts the vehicle data +> +> which each ECU can access. +> +> **5.2.11.4 Simulator** +> +> In the development environment of application and/or middleware, since actual vehicles data is +> +> unacquirable, it is preparing the simulator which imitated actual vehicles, and makes +> +> development environment construction easy. By a simulator, it assumes using the steering wheel +> +> controller for PC games. Since this function is an object for development environment, let it be +> +> an option. +> +> **5.2.11.5 Requirements** +> +> The system must hold vehicle information and must offer the mechanism in which application +> +> and/or middleware can access vehicle information. +> +> The system must provide application and/or middleware with vehicle information as an abstract +> +> property. For example, the speed of vehicles must be not the number of rotations of a wheel but +> +> the speed of a car. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to add or delete vehicle property easily. +> +> Page 135 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> System must support typical vehicle property as “standard property”. +> +> As for a standard property, it is desirable for the same attribute name to be the same meaning. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to add or delete custom vehicle property easily. +> +> A custom property is a property which a system donor can add uniquely in addition to a standard +> +> property. +> +> Let the unit of the value of Vehicle Info Data be an international unit(meter, gram, …etc) +> +> The value of Vehicle Info Data should have sufficient accuracy which application and/or +> +> middleware need. For example, when a unit is made into Km/h, an integral value is not enough +> +> as the accuracy of Velocity. It is necessary to change Km/h into MPH in the country of a mile +> +> display. Moreover, it is because the error of the speed display is defined by law. +> +> A vehicle information control facility requires the mechanism in which vehicle information is +> +> stored. A lot of events generate some information at high speed. About such information, the +> +> load to a system has few directions processed collectively. Moreover, when data is taken and +> +> spilt by an application, the structure which can carry out recovery is required. +> +> It is not realistic to accumulate all the information that changes at high speed. For this reason, In +> +> corresponding to neither of the following, it shall not store the change data. +> +> · +> The amount of change of a value. It is not accumulated when the difference from the +> +> accumulated newest value is less than a threshold value. +> +> · +> Lapsed time from the last change It does not accumulate, if time has not passed since the +> +> newest accumulation. +> +> About each vehicle information, the threshold value and cumulative dosage of accumulation need +> +> to be able to set up easily. +> +> In addition, it also makes it possible not to accumulate specific vehicle information. +> +> System must provide an interface to application and/or middleware regarding vehicle property +> +> access. +> +> System must provide an interface to retrieve vehicle property from application and/or +> +> middleware. +> +> Page 136 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Below attributes must include in this interface +> +> · Zone(optional) +> +> · Property name +> +> · Value +> +> · +> Timestamp - Timestamp specifies last updated time of corresponded vehicle property. +> +> System must provide an interface to set abstracted value to vehicle property from application +> +> and/or middleware. +> +> Below attributes must include in this interface. +> +> · Zone(optional) +> +> · Property name +> +> · Value +> +> System must provide an interface to subscribe status change of vehicle property from +> +> application and/or middleware. +> +> When status changed, system must invoke callback function with below attributes. +> +> · Zone(optional) +> +> · Property name +> +> · Value +> +> · Timestamp +> +> · Sequence number +> +> Timestamp specifies last updated time of corresponded vehicle property. +> +> Sequence number is useful to check event order. +> +> The acceptable value of change can be specified for vehicle information about the notice of +> +> change of vehicle information. +> +> In order to lower system-wide load, it will not notify, if it is change which is less than an +> +> acceptable value even if vehicle information changes. +> +> For example, although engine number of rotations changes every moment, in the case of the +> +> application which displays it in 20 steps, it is not necessary to know less than several percent of +> +> change. +> +> Page 137 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> It shall not notify the change, in corresponding to neither of the following. +> +> · +> The amount of change of a value - It does not notify, if the amount of change of the +> +> value from the last notice of change is less than specification. +> +> · +> Lapsed time from the last change - From the last notice of change, if it is less than a +> +> definite period of time, it does not notify. +> +> Depending on application, the notice with a fixed cycle is more convenient than the notice at the +> +> time of change. +> +> What is notified only the specified cycle even if it changes two or more times into the specified +> +> notice interval is made possible. +> +> The data stored is acquired collectively. +> +> Below attributes must include in this interface. +> +> · Zone(optional) +> +> · Property name +> +> · Values +> +> · Timestamps +> +> It is desirable that the time range to acquire can be specified. For example, data from 10 +> +> seconds before to the present, data from 13:20 to 14:00, etc. +> +> There is an attribute for which change/reference is simultaneously needed in relation to mutual +> +> in vehicle information. For example, latitude, longitude, and an altitude are changed +> +> simultaneously. If these pieces of vehicle information is changed and referred to individually, the +> +> newest longitude may acquire the value in front of one, and a current position may be unable to +> +> recognize latitude correctly. For this reason, it is necessary to summarize the vehicle information +> +> relevant to mutual and to access it. +> +> Access of ones of those vehicle information is deterred until renewal of all the vehicle +> +> information included in Property Set at the time of a setup of vehicle information is completed, +> +> and renewal of ones of those vehicle information is deterred until it completes acquisition of all +> +> those vehicle information at the time of reference. +> +> The definition of the vehicle information included in Property Set is being able to change easily. +> +> Or the thing which can be changed from a program during operation. +> +> Page 138 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> System must provide a mechanism of access control per each property. For example, property +> +> "velocity" can be accessed from only application A and B, but property "turn signal" can be +> +> accessed from all applications. +> +> System must also provide a mechanism of access control per each method even if same +> +> property. For example, about "seat setting", all applications can get this property, but only +> +> application C can set this property. +> +> Permission for each property and method must be configurable easily. Because, access control +> +> policy may be different per car type, grade and destination. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to enable routing any vehicle property both within same ECU +> +> and across two or more ECU’s. +> +> If a Property Change event is received from VIC, change can be notified to all the applications, +> +> middleware and other VICs which are subscribing change of the vehicle information. In addition, +> +> the notice of change must be able to be distributed also to the application and/or middleware +> +> which exist in a different ECU. +> +> VIC can be requested to set the value specified as Property. +> +> It can set, even if it exists on ECU from which an application and VIC differ. +> +> The newest value can be returned immediately, without asking VIC to the acquisition demand +> +> from an application. For this reason, keep the newest value of each Property. +> +> Even if it is in ECU from which VIC of the Property differs, the demand from an application +> +> responds. +> +> It can exchange with two or more VICs. Addition and deletion of Data Provider can be performed +> +> easily. +> +> The data exchange between ECUs should be permitted by VIC. +> +> All data transmission and reception from other Software Component are refusing. +> +> Page 139 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> The system should have a mechanism which communicates the stored vehicles. +> +> The vehicle information to upload is being able to choose. +> +> A selection condition is that the following specification is possible at least. +> +> · Date-and-time range +> +> · Object vehicles data +> +> · The change threshold value of vehicles data +> +> Enable change of selection of vehicle information easily. As for this, it is desirable for it to be +> +> able to change dynamically from an external. +> +> The simulator of vehicles data using the steering wheel controller for PC games, etc. as +> +> substitution of actual vehicles in development environment is prepared. +> +> Car Simulator is being able to notify the following vehicles data to vehicles data processing +> +> activities through a vehicles interface function at least. +> +> · Speed +> +> · Shift position +> +> · The direction of vehicles +> +> · Latitude and longitude of a current position +> +> · Turn signal +> +> The steering wheel controller for PC games to be used is being able to obtain easily. Moreover, +> +> it is desirable that two or more steering wheel controllers can be used. +> +> VIC should fill the following performance specifications and performance. +> +> It is a value on condition of H/W assumed that the following values will be used for in-vehicle +> +> information machines and equipment in 2016. +> +> Page 140 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> · Maximum number of properties : 4,096 +> +> · Maximum number of property sets: 1,024 +> +> · Greatest data storage time : 12 hours +> +> It is a value on condition of H/W assumed that the following values will be used for in-vehicle +> +> information machines and equipment in 2016. +> +> · Get/Set method(one property) - 0.2ms +> +> · Get/Set method(property set include 30 properties) -1.3ms +> +> · Subscribe callback - 2.5ms (after change of a value) +> +> · +> GetHistory method(for within 3 minutes after the present) - 0.2ms +> +> · +> GetHistory method (older than 3 minutes from the present) - 50ms +> +> VIC is being able to change without having composition which has pliability and extendibility +> +> about the vehicles data to manage, and reconstructing the whole VIC about the kind and +> +> attribute of vehicles data. +> +> Vehicle Interface treats various kinds of in-vehicle LAN and sensors, and they are mounted by +> +> various H/W according to a maker or a vehicle type. For this reason, VIC needs to be able to add +> +> and change Vehicle Interface without reconstruction of VIC. +> +> Abstraction of vehicles data is the duty of Vehicle Interface in principle. This is because it is +> +> necessary to change the concreteness data depending on H/W of in-vehicle LAN or sensors. +> +> However, an abstract vehicles data value may be decided by combination of the concreteness +> +> vehicles data from two or more Vehicle Interface. In this case, VIC needs to change two or more +> +> concreteness vehicles data into one abstract vehicles data. +> +> Since this conversion is dependent on H/W of in-vehicle LAN or sensors, so it cannot be +> +> mounted in the VIC itself. +> +> In order to solve this, suppose that the mechanism in which such a conversion module can be +> +> added without reconstruction of VIC is prepared for VIC. +> +> **5.2.12 Telematics Services** +> +> V2V, V2I, RVI, Traffic information, etc. +> +> Page 141 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> **5.2.13 Window System** +> +> A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user +> +> interface. A window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing +> +> Units (GPUs), input devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software +> +> component named window manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, +> +> and a routing of user interactions. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multiple windows on a display. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multiple windows owned by multiple +> +> processes to be rendered on a display. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support rendering to off-screen buffer to +> +> achieve flicker less rendering. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support composition of windows with off- +> +> screen buffers. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support a translucent window, i.e. underlying +> +> objects underneath the translucent window is visible depending on the alpha values of pixels. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall make OpenGL/ES 2.0 API compliant to Khronos +> +> group available to clients for their rendering. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that uses only public +> +> APIs provided by Window System and OpenGL/ES 2.0 for rendering and user interaction. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support window manager that is replaceable by +> +> configuration. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall provide a window system that abstracts the +> +> *underlying display subsystem and GPU. AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall hav*e a +> +> Page 142 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> window manager that relies on a standard rendering API such as OpenGL/ES 2.0 only. The +> +> window manager shall not rely on any hardware specific API. A window system and OpenGL/ES +> +> 2.0 API are responsible for a hardware abstraction. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multi-headed display where available. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support mirroring of windows to multiple +> +> displays. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support hardware layers, such as DRM planes, +> +> where available. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall compose windows using available hardware +> +> acceleration capabilities. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support management of windows and inputs +> +> from users depending on statuses of a vehicle. The statuses of vehicle include a speed of a +> +> vehicle, a motion of a vehicle, etc. For instance, the inputs may needs to be limited while the +> +> vehicle reaches to the certain speed. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall abstract physical input devices such as buttons, +> +> a touch panel, a control knob etc. +> +> AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support On-screen keyboard which takes input +> +> from available physical input devices. +> +> **6 Security Services** +> +> Security framework +> +> 6.1 Access Control +> +> Access Control describes requirements for AGL Access Control. +> +> Page 143 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Access control is a mechanism to grant / deny access to APIs/files in the system. +> +> **6.1.1 Requirements** +> +> AGL system must support a system-wide access control mechanism. +> +> **7 Operating System Layer** +> +> 7.1 Kernel +> +> **7.1.1 Linux Kernel** +> +> Automotive Grade Linux uses the Linux Kernel. The kernel is constantly evolving with a new +> +> release about every sixty days. The automotive industry has design cycles of three to five years +> +> for IVI systems. Somehow a balance must be struck between updating operating system and +> +> kernel every few months and keeping up to date with modern features that the kernel and the +> +> rest of the open source community provides, +> +> **7.1.1.1 Requirements** +> +> AGL kernel shall be based on Long Term Support Initiative (LTSI) kernel. +> +> At the moment LTSI kernel is the only open source/public kernel that gets closer to automotive +> +> industry needs – it has certain automotive industry demanded components integrated, it is fully +> +> aligned with Linux LTS trees so it leverages security fixes and/or generic bugfixes adapted by +> +> Linux community, LTSI kernel merge window is more flexible to industry demands and allow to +> +> accumulate wider set of features, components and bugfixes relevant for industry (comparing to +> +> regular Linux kernel merge/release cycle). LTSI kernel is thoroughly validated manually and with +> +> the help of automated tools to track and discover anomalies and regressions. +> +> AGL development process should utilize bug tracker with ability to mark bugs as open/fixed on +> +> particular distribution branches. Open bugs should have direct impact on release decisions. +> +> Page 144 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 7.2 Boot Loader +> +> 7.3 Hypervisor +> +> TBD. Need to add very basic “background” regarding virtualization, explain about OS-level +> +> virtualization/isolation, then about type1/type2 hypervisors (virtualization). In modern IVI +> +> systems OS-level virtualization is widely used (applications isolation, combination of Android +> +> and Linux apps together), future – maybe Linux/IVI + ADAS + Instrument Cluster = guests on +> +> top type1 hypervisor. +> +> **7.3.1 Requirements** +> +> AGL shall provide OS-level mechanisms for running multiple isolated instances (containers) that +> +> have its own directory structure, network devices, IP addresses and process table. The +> +> processes running in other containers shall not be visible from inside a container. +> +> AGL Linux should be configurable to work as Type-1 “bare-metal” hypervisor “guest”. Following +> +> functionality shall be supported by AGL Linux “guest”: +> +> · IPC (with hypervisor and other “guests”) +> +> · +> “paravirtualized” device drivers for peripherals shared with other “guests” (unless +> +> virtualization abstraction is supported by hardware) +> +> 7.4 Operating System +> +> **7.4.1 File Systems** +> +> File system (FS) requirements for AGL concentrate on Reliability, Accessibility, and Serviceability +> +> as their main characteristics. +> +> · +> *Reliability*means data integrity protection, automatic error detection and correction, +> +> tolerance to power failures, robustness under stress I/O load in multi-process +> +> environment, extended lifetime via use of wear leveling and bad block management +> +> techniques. +> +> Page 145 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **FS Requirements** > **R-FS References** + ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------ + > 6. File Systems (P1) > 2. btrfs + > > + > 6.1. Robust File System for managed internal > 2.1. + > > + > storage (P1) > btr + > > + > 6.1.1. Power failure tolerance (P1) > fsc + > > + > 6.1.2. Quick recovery after power loss > k + > > + > (P1) > 3. ext2 + > > + > 6.1.3. Multi-threaded I/O (P1) > 3.1. + > > + > 6.1.4. On-demand integrity checker (P1) > e2 + > > + > 6.1.5. Read-only mode (P1) > def + > > + > 6.1.6. Non-blocking unmounting (P1) > rag + > > + > 6.1.7. Means for optimizing I/O > 4. ext3 + > > + > performance if it may degrade under > 5. ext4 + > > + > certain conditions. (P2) > 5.1. + > > + > 6.1.8. File space pre-allocation (P2) > e4 + > > + > 6.1.9. Meta-data error detection (P2) > def + > > + > 6.1.10. File data error detection (P2) > rag + > > + > 6.1.11. Online integrity checking (P2) > 5.2. + > > + > 6.1.12. Write timeout control (P2) > e2f + > > + > 6.1.13. Compression support (P2) > sck + > > + > 6.1.14. Quota support (P2) > 6. vfat + > > + > 6.1.15. I/O process priority (P2) > 7. UBIFS + > > + > 6.1.16. File system event notifications > 8. Generic + > + > tools and + > + > APIs + > + > 8.1. + > + > fan + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> · +> *Accessibility*means ability to use external storage devices, as well as accessing +> +> designated parts of internal file system over secure wired or wireless connections. +> +> · +> *Serviceability*means ability to upgrade AGL as a whole or by updating individual +> +> packages, and availability of file system checking and optimization tools. +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> (P2) +> +> 6.1.17. Logical block size control (P2) +> +> 6.1.18. Snapshots (P2) +> +> 6.2. File System for non-managed internal +> +> storage (P1) + +May 28, 2015 + +otif + +y + +8.2. + +fst + +rim + +> 6.2.1. All P1 requirements from +> +> FS.1.1.x list (P1) +> +> 6.2.2. Wear leveling (P1) +> +> 6.2.3. Error detection/correction (P1) +> +> 6.2.4. Tolerance to flipping bits (P1) +> +> 6.2.5. Read/write disturb awareness +> +> (P1) +> +> 6.2.6. Bad block management (P1) +> +> 6.2.7. As many P2 requirements from +> +> FS.1.1.x list as possible (P2) +> +> 6.2.8. Wear leveling statistics (P2) +> +> 6.3. File Systems for removable storage (P1) +> +> 6.3.1. Restricted functionality from +> +> security point of view (P1) +> +> 6.3.2. Automount/autounmount (P1) +> +> 6.3.3. Automatic synchronous flushing +> +> of modified data to physical media (P2) +> +> **7.4.1.1 Requirements** +> +> AGL shall provide a set of file systems to support the following types of storage devices: +> +> internal managed (SSD, eMMC, etc.), internal non-managed (raw NOR and NAND FLASH +> +> memory), removable managed (USB stick, SD card). +> +> AGL shall provide robust file system suitable for use on managed internal storage devices, +> +> Page 147 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> AGL shall provide robust file system suitable for use on non-managed internal storage devices, +> +> AGL shall provide a set of file systems popular on removable media devices. +> +> A system must be able to withstand power failures under heavy load of meta-data-intensive, +> +> and data-intensive operations, including power-failures during OS startup, and shutdown. +> +> A file system must be able to restore good data and meta-data state after unexpected power +> +> interruption without performing the full time-consuming integrity check. Such recovery should +> +> not add more than a second to the normal boot process after power failure on idle system. +> +> Normally this is achieved via journal- or log-based (also known as transactional or copy-on- +> +> write) operation. +> +> A file system must be able to handle meta-data-intensive, and data-intensive I/O from multiple +> +> threads and/or processes simultaneously. +> +> A file system must have integrity checking tool with ability to execute it on-demand. +> +> A file system must be able to switch between read-only, (when no data is committed to physical +> +> storage device), and read/write modes in runtime. E.g. via “mount –o remount,ro <device>” +> +> command. +> +> AGL must support “lazy” (delayed) unmounting. +> +> AGL should provide means for optimizing potentially degraded I/O performance after prolonged +> +> file system and storage use. Often, this refers to offline or online file system defragmentation. +> +> Another example is periodic fstrim execution on SSD storage. +> +> A file system should be able to pre-allocate space for created/extended files on request. This +> +> may be used to minimize fragmentation of frequently written files. +> +> A file system should have an option of automatic error detection in its meta-data. +> +> Page 148 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> A file system should be able to associate error detection codes with separate blocks of stored +> +> data, and to verify the data against the codes in runtime upon each read from a physical device. +> +> A file system should have a utility for meta-data integrity checking on mounted partition. +> +> A file system should allow changing timeout after which it flushes modified data to physical +> +> media. +> +> A file system should support automatic data compression. +> +> It should be possible to enable file system quotas for particular users and/or groups. +> +> AGL should allow to set I/O scheduling class and priority for particular processes. +> +> AGL should allow user space applications to subscribe for file and directory change notifications. +> +> Making logical block size equal to a power of physical block size may improve physical I/O +> +> performance, and decrease file fragmentation impact. +> +> A file system should allow creation of snapshots. +> +> A file system must perform wear leveling before writing data, so that the limited number of +> +> erase/program cycles is evenly distributed across all device blocks. +> +> A file system must support the following error detection/correction algorithm(s): BCH4, BCH8. +> +> A file system should not just be able to detect/correct a number of flipped bits but should also +> +> actively prevent the issue from happening in the first place, especially after unexpected power +> +> interruption. Known techniques include forced reprogramming of blocks that were in use at the +> +> time of power failure, and copying data to a fresh block after detected error correction. +> +> A file system should not just be able to detect/correct errors caused by read/write disturb +> +> Page 149 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> phenomenon but should also actively prevent the issue from happening in the first place. Known +> +> techniques include limiting the number of read cycles between erases, and copying data to a +> +> fresh block after detected error correction. +> +> A file system must perform bad block detection and management transparently to file system +> +> users. +> +> Current FLASH wear-related statistics should be accessible via user-space utility. +> +> A file system must support noexec, and nodev mount options. +> +> A file system must be able to automatically mount plugged-in removable media, and +> +> automatically unmount it when unplugged. +> +> A file system must support sync mount option. +> +> AGL shall provide a set of file systems to support the following types of storage devices: +> +> internal managed (SSD, eMMC, etc.), internal non-managed (raw NOR and NAND FLASH +> +> memory), removable managed (USB stick, SD card). +> +> **7.4.2 Resource Control** +> +> In IVI system, it depends time and occasion that which application and/or middleware should be +> +> higher priority. Resource control provides basic functionality regarding proper resource +> +> allocation for each process and/or process group. +> +> (cgroups) +> +> **7.4.2.1 Use Case and Role** +> +> If end user specified a destination and started route guidance, map drawing following current +> +> position and voice and/or visual guidance should be treated as higher priority than others. +> +> On the other hand, if end user is watching a movie, movie player and decoder should be assigned +> +> Page 150 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- -------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Priority > Allocate resource via its own priority. High priority + > + > process and/or process group should be assigned + > + > more resource. + + > 2 > Time slot > To share resource per time slot. + + > 3 > Release > Forced release of partially or whole allocated + > + > resource. + + > 4 > Grouping > Grouping two or more processes, and allocate + > + > resource per defined process group. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> to higher priority than others. +> +> Important point is that it may assign two or more high priority application and/or middleware at +> +> the same time. And, one function may be provided from two or more processes. +> +> Table 9-33 describes the role of resource control to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +> +> AGL assumes four types of resources, CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network +> +> bandwidth. Table 9-34 describes associated roles per each resource type. +> +> **Table 9-34 : Functions of System Resource Management** +> +> **7.4.2.2 Requirements** +> +> 7.4.2.2.1 Priority +> +> System provides a mechanism to set resource priority per each process. +> +> Page 151 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> System provides an interface to set and refer resource priority of specific process. +> +> This interface must be called from other process. +> +> CPU resource must support “priority” based resource management. +> +> Resource Manager should dynamically change the ratio of offering resources according to the +> +> status of resources using by system. And its configuration must be changed easily. +> +> Resource Manager should log the status of resources using by system. +> +> Resource Manager should offer resources separately to threads of user land and threads of +> +> kernel. And Resource Manager should treat the bottom half and software interrupts as high +> +> priority tasks. +> +> 7.4.2.2.2 Time Slot +> +> When two or more process request to same resource at the same time, system must provide a +> +> mechanism to mediate to guarantee the time slot to obtain specific timeframe for each +> +> processes. +> +> System must provide an interface to set specific timeframe to obtain time slot per each process. +> +> System must provide a mechanism of resource sharing by time slot regarding CPU, storage +> +> bandwidth and network bandwidth. +> +> Scheduler should detect the status of resources for each thread. +> +> Scheduler must not run the specific thread for more than 10 micro second. +> +> Scheduler should guarantee that threads can run periodically. +> +> Scheduler should control the dispatches that occur extremely. +> +> Page 152 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> 7.4.2.2.3 Release +> +> System must provide an interface to release all or partial resource which had obtained by +> +> specific process. +> +> System must provide a mechanism of resource releasing regarding memory resource. +> +> 7.4.2.2.4 Grouping +> +> System must provide a mechanism to group two or more processes regarding resource +> +> management such as priority, time slot and releasing. System must able to assign same +> +> attributes to grouped processes altogether. +> +> System must provide an interface to group two or more processes from other process. +> +> System must provide a mechanism to group regarding CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and +> +> network bandwidth. +> +> **7.4.3 Startup/Shutdown Control** +> +> Boot/Shutdown Control is a mechanism to control boot and shutdown of a program running in a +> +> user space. The order of boot/shutdown in the target program can be easily swapped depending +> +> on the product configuration. Boot/Shutdown Control supports both “static order” which +> +> boots/shuts down the program according to the static dependency of each program, and +> +> “dynamic order” which swaps the order dynamically in specific conditions. +> +> **7.4.3.1 Use Cases** +> +> (1) Static Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order +> +> a. +> Setting up of Boot/Shutdown Order Based on Product Configuration +> +> To support various product configurations, the integrator configures/modifies orders of boot/shutdown +> +> for all programs running on the target device. +> +> Page 153 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> b. +> Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown during a Program Development +> +> In order to evaluate a developed program, the developer modifies only the order of the developed +> +> program in target programs. +> +> c\. Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown when Software Update +> +> Maintainer modifies the order of boot/shut down for a program to be updated when software update. +> +> (2) Dynamic Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order +> +> a. +> Prioritized Boot of the Features which the User was Previously Using +> +> It dynamically modifies the boot order of the target program in order for last used features (e.g. audio) to +> +> be operated by priority when ACC turns ON. +> +> b\. Prioritized Boot of Update Functionalities +> +> Update related programs are booted by priority when connected with maintenance kit and ACC turned +> +> ON. +> +> **7.4.3.2 Requirements** +> +> Boot/Shutdown Control shall start components, which are configured to be started. +> +> Boot/Shutdown Control shall ensure that dependent components are started in the order that +> +> has been configured. +> +> Boot/Shutdown Control shall start independent components in parallel. +> +> Boot/Shutdown Control shall stop components, which are requested to be stopped. +> +> Boot/Shutdown Control shall ensure that dependent components are stopped in the order that +> +> has been configured. +> +> Page 154 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Boot/Shutdown Control shall be configurable by run level to start corresponding modules. +> +> **7.4.4 Database** +> +> Due to the nature of AGL operating environment, it is very important for DB engine to guarantee +> +> database instance integrity after power failures. Other important feature for generic system +> +> database engine is rich set of bindings to various programming languages. +> +> Below is short summary for better understanding of DBS Requirements and References +> +> hierarchy. +> +> 1. Power failure tolerance (P1) +> +> 2. Quick recovery after power loss (P1) +> +> 3. Multi-threaded I/O (P1) +> +> 4. API bindings for C programming language +> +> 5. On-demand integrity checker (P2) +> +> DB instance integrity must be ensured after power failures under heavy load of read and write +> +> DB transactions. +> +> DB engine must be able to quickly restore good data state after unexpected power interruption. +> +> Such recovery should not add more than a second to the normal boot process after power +> +> failure on idle system. +> +> DB engine must allow read and write access to DB instance from multiple threads and/or +> +> processes simultaneously. +> +> DB engine API must be available for C-based applications. +> +> DB engine should have DB instance integrity checking tool with ability to execute it on-demand. +> +> DB engine must be able to quickly restore to a previously defined state after unexpected power +> +> interruption during adding some data. +> +> Page 155 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> DB engine should have availability to merge some data from internal and external databases, +> +> such as vehicle information database and databases at data center. +> +> And DB engine should have accessibility to allow read access to DB instance during merging. +> +> Also, DB engine should have durability not to break its data after unexpected power interruption +> +> during merging. +> +> **7.4.5 System Update** +> +> Maintenance of in-vehicle devices is also an important role for any automotive system. There are +> +> numerous use cases for updating the device software such as software failure,security patching, +> +> bug fixes, and new features. Because automotive devices are battery operated and subject to +> +> power cuts any System Updates must be robust enough to withstand sudden power loss. +> +> System Update module should have a Robust version up function. +> +> System Update moduleshould have a system difference version up function. +> +> There should be a data update structure for each file or package (same as WindowsUpdate or +> +> apt of Linux distribution). +> +> There should be a data update structure for each file or package (same as WindowsUpdate or +> +> apt of Linux distribution). +> +> Difference update should be enabled for kernel, middle ware and application. +> +> If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs during update for differences, the system should +> +> be recovered after choosing the status (before or after update) for each update target. +> +> If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs during update for differences, the status (during +> +> update) should be detected and the system should restart. +> +> Time required for applying patch should be 5 minutes maximum for single 10MByte data. +> +> Page 156 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> Memory usage for difference update should be maximum 1Mbyte. +> +> Unit amount for difference data should be 10MByte maximum for difference update. +> +> System Update moduleshould have full version up function for whole system. +> +> Kernel, middle ware and application should be mass updated. System structure should allow +> +> mass update. +> +> There should be mass update structure for kernel, middle ware and application. +> +> If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs while mass update of kernel, middle ware and +> +> application, the status (during update) should be detected and the system should restart. +> +> If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs while mass update of kernel, middle ware and +> +> application, the status (during update) should be detected and the system should restart. +> +> 7.5 Device Drivers +> +> Device drivers may be in kernel space or user space or a combination of both. +> +> **7.5.1 Peripherals** +> +> Typical IO device drivers such as SPI, USB, memory, I2C that are typically present on a SOC. +> +> The flash process must be robust with an endurance of more than 10k write/erase cycles and +> +> data retention over 15-years/10 ppm, assuming application specific worst-case conditions. For +> +> optimised timing for downloading and restoring data the programming access time shall be less +> +> than 50 s/byte average. +> +> The EEPROM process must be robust with an endurance of more than 100k write/erase cycles +> +> and data retention over 15 years/10ppm. Higher programming voltage than 5 V for Flash or +> +> EEPROM is not allowed. +> +> Page 157 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> In applications that need to save data at power down, the programming access time must be +> +> fast. (target <1ms/byte) +> +> N.B. EEPROM functionality can be emulated in flash memory passing the requirements above. +> +> **7.5.2 Graphics Drivers** +> +> Graphics drivers provide the interface to the graphical resources (e.g., GPU) within the system. +> +> This may include on-board graphical resources or a separate GPU from the main SOC. +> +> **7.5.3 Video Drivers** +> +> Video codecs allow the system to decode and/or encode video for playback or recording. Video +> +> codecs will nearly always be hardware based. +> +> **7.5.3.1 Requirements** +> +> The system shall provide device drivers to access any hardware implementation of video +> +> functionality. +> +> **7.5.4 Audio Codecs** +> +> **7.5.4.1 Requirements** +> +> Automotive Grade Linux BSPs shall provide devices drivers to access audio codecs that are +> +> implemented in hardware. +> +> Automotive Grade Linux BSPs should provide software implementations for those audio codecs +> +> that are required for AGL-based products and not supported in hardware. +> +> **7.5.5 Automotive Devices** +> +> Device drivers for automotive related devices. This may includes buses such as CAN, MOST, or +> +> *LIN. Device drivers may be required for receivers (AM, FM, SDARS, etc). Drivers may also be* +> +> Page 158 of 159 +> +> Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +> +> May 28, 2015 +> +> required to directly interface to sensors that may not be on the bus such as gyros used for +> +> navigation or an air bag sensor for a telematics system. +> +> **8 Notices** +> +> Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. +> +> The Linux Foundation and Yocto Project are registered trademarks of The Linux Foundation. +> +> Bluetooth is a registered trademark of the Bluetooth SIG Inc. +> +> Miracast is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. +> +> MirrorLink is a certification mark of the Car Connectivity Consortium. +> +> AirPlay is a trademark of Apple, Inc. +> +> Page 159 of 159 diff --git a/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/00-doorsNG-skimed.md b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/00-doorsNG-skimed.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5ffbd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/00-doorsNG-skimed.md @@ -0,0 +1,4203 @@ +--- +# Master Header for Jkyll +--- + +Version 1.0 +Automotive Grade Linux +Requirements Specification +May 28, 2015 +www.automotivelinux.org +www.linuxfoundation.org +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**1 Automotive Grade Linux** +1.1 Overview +Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) is a Linux Foundation Workgroup dedicated to creating open +source software solutions for automotive applications. Although the initial target for AGL is In- +Vehicle-Infotainment (IVI) systems, additional use cases such as instrument clusters and and +telematics systems will eventually be supported. AGL has participants from the Automotive, +Communications, and Semiconductor Industries and welcomes contributions from individual +developers. +By leveraging the over \$10B of investment made in the Linux kernel and other open source +software projects, the AGL Workgroup: +· +Enables rapid software innovation for automotive suppliers to keep up with the demand +from consumers for better IVI experiences +· +Utilizes the talents of thousands of open source software developers dedicated to +maintaining the core software in areas like the Linux kernel, networking, and +connectivity, used in systems across numerous industries +The goals of the Automotive Grade Linux Workgroup are to provide: +· +An automotive-focused core Linux operating system stack that meets common and +shared requirements of the automotive ecosystem with a broad community of +support that includes individual developers, academic organizations and companies. +· +A transparent, collaborative, and open environment for Automotive OEMs, Tier One +suppliers, and their semiconductor and software vendors to create amazing in-vehicle +software. +· +A collective voice for working with other open source projects and developing new open +source solutions. +· +An embedded Linux distribution that enables rapid prototyping for developers new to +Linux or teams with prior open source experience +This results in faster time to market by jump-starting product teams with reference applications +running on multiple hardware platforms. +Page 5 of 159 + + > **Term** > **Definition** + ------------ ------------------------------------------ + > A2DP > Advanced Audio Distribution Profile + > AGL > Automotive Grade Linux + > AVRCP > Audio Video Remote Control Profile + > FS > File System + > GPS > Global Positioning System + > GPU > Graphical Processing Unit + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +1.2 Document Scope +The scope of this document is to define the architecture of the Automotive Grade Linux software +platform. The requirements are broken up into an overview of the Architecture and a description +of each of the layers in the architecture followed by the requirements for each module in the +various layers. The Architecture Diagram and the layout of the specification take into +consideration all of the components that would be needed for an IVI system; however the are +missing requirements for individual modules. As the spec continues to evolve those sections will +continue to be filled in. +The main goal of this document is to define the core software platform from which applications +can be built. As such, this document does not define application requirements except in a single +case (Home Screen). Application requirements will be developed by various projects that use the +AGL platform. Those application requirements can be used to drive new or revised +requirements into the platform. +At this time there is no plan to use this specification to create a compliance or certification +program. The specification is used as blueprint to guide the overall work of AGL and to derive +work packages for companies and individuals to complete in order to attain the goals of the AGL +Workgroup. +1.3 Glossary of Terms + + > HFP > Hands Free Profile + -------- ------------------------------------- + > IBOC > In-Band On Channel + > LTSI > Long Term Support Initiative + > NTP > Network Time Protocol + > OEM > Original Equipment Manufacturer + > OS > Operating System + > OSS > Open Source Software + > SDL > Smart Device Link + > STT > Speech to Text + > TTS > Text to Speech + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**2 Architecture** +The Automotive Grade Linux Software Architecture diagram is below. The architecture consists +of five layers. The App/HMI layer contains applications with their associated business logic and +HMI. Generally applications are out of scope for this document since they are product specific +for the OEM that is developing a system based on AGL. +The Application Framework layer provides the APIs for creating both managing and running +applications on an AGL system. The Services layer contains user space services that all +applications can access. The Operating System (OS) layer provides the Linux kernel and device +drivers along with standard OS utilities. +Page 7 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**3 App/HMI Layer** +Applications may use a web based framework or a native framework. A system may include +applications that use different frameworks. Coordination of applications between frameworks is +performed by the AGL App Framework. The diagram represents possible applications that could +appear in a given system, but is not all inclusive. Reference applications may be provided by AGL +Page 8 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +to demonstrate the capabilities of the platform. +3.1 Home Screen +Home Screen provides the Home User Interface (Home UI) of the system which meets the +following requirements: +· Rich User Experience (Rich UX) +· Driver Distraction mitigation +· Variations support +Rich UX covers requirements such as usability and user satisfaction. Driver Distraction mitigation +covers requirements on display control and user operation behavior while vehicle is in motion to +minimize driver distraction. Variations support covers requirements to support customization of +design and behavior of the system to meet the different needs of vehicle type, destination and +grade. +**3.1.1 Layout** +The following use cases are considered for Layout. +· +Home Screen developer changes the Home UI by using a customizable layout definition. +Page 9 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**3.1.2 System UI Parts** +The use case assumed about System UI Parts is as follows. +· +An application or System uses status bar and on-screen in order to notify information to +a user. +· +User uses the system setting UI in order to change settings. +· User uses software keyboard in order to input characters. +**3.1.3 Application Management** +The use case assumed about Application Management is as follows. +· +A user downloads and installs or updates the delivery application from application store. +· A user uninstalls the delivery application. +· +A user launches the installed delivery application or the pre-installed application. +· Also a user terminates those applications. +**3.1.4 Application Switch** +The use case assumed about Application Switch is as follows. +· +User switches application via application history or application stack. +· +The system switches application according to Driving Mode status. +**3.1.5 Application History** +Application switching by application history is assumed as follows. +· +The system records the order of the applications in the order in which the application is +displayed. +· +The order of application that is recorded is updated each time the display of the +application is switched. +· +Screen of the application is displayed in the order in which they are recorded in the +history at the time of switching applications. +Page 10 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +‑ Specification of operation +- User runs a swipe from the edge of the application screen area. +‑ Specification of action +- The order of the screen is managed order management list (application history). +- List order update opportunity(Update has determined a display of the application) +- Application starts or stops. +- Allowed to stand between the screen N seconds after the swipe. +‑"N seconds"‑User defines the value of any. +- User to operate the screen after you swipe. +‑"operation"‑Screen tap. Menu display. Other. +Figure 5‑2 represents a sample Home Screen depicting the above mentioned use cases. +Page 11 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**3.1.6 Application Stack** +Application switching by application stack is assumed as follows. +· +The user specifies the type of any order. The system records the order of the application +to the rule as of the specified type. +· Examples of the types of any order +· Application start-up order +· +Screen of the application is displayed in the order in which they are recorded in the stack +Page 12 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +when switching applications. +‑ Specification of operation +· +User runs a swipe from the edge of the application screen area. +‑ Specification of action +· +The order of the screen is managed order management list (application stack). +· +List order update opportunity.(Application start-up order as an example) +· +Application that started at the end of the list when the application is started is added. +· +Application that has stopped from the list when the application is stopped will be +deleted. +Figure 5-3 represents the switching example depicting the application of the above switching. +Page 13 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Use Case** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ----------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------- + > 1-1 > Layout > GUI Layout > Function to define a customizable + > > + > definition > GUI Layout definition. + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**3.1.7 Role of Home Screen** +Table 5-1 describes the role of the Home Screen to satisfy the purpose and use cases +Page 14 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1-2 > Change Layout > Function to apply the customized + > + > GUI layout definition. + ------- --------------------- ------------------------ --------------------------------------------- + > 2-1 > System UI Parts > Status Bar > Function to display the + > + > information from application or + > + > system. + > + > Function to quickly access and set + > + > certain system settings. + + > 2-2 > On-screen > Function to display a popup + > + > window such as alert messages. + + > 2-3 > System Setting > Function to display system + > + > settings menu regarding GUI, + > + > such as locale and network. + + > 2-4 > Software > Function to display software + > > + > Keyboard > keyboard. + + > 3-1 > Application > Application > Function to download + > > > + > Management > Management > applications from application + > + > store. Function to install, uninstall + > + > and update the downloaded + > + > applications. + + > 3-2 > Application > Function to launch/terminate + > > + > Launcher > applications. + + > 4-1 > Application > Application List > Function to switch applications by + > > + > Switch > installed application list. + + > 4-2 > Application History > Function which switches + > + > application in order by + > + > applications history. + + > 4-3 > Application Stack > Function to switch application in + > + > any order. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Table 5-2: Relevance of the Role and Purpose** +Page 15 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Rich UX** > **Driver** > **Variations** + > > + > **Distraction** > **support** + > + > **mitigation** + ----------- --------------------------- ---------------- ------------------- ------------------ + > 1-1 > GUI Layout definition > ‑ > ‑ > ‑ + + > 1-2 > Change Layout > ‑ > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-1 > Status Bar > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-2 > On-screen > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-3 > System Setting > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-4 > Software Keyboard > ‑ > ‑ + + > 3-1 > Application Management > ‑ > ‑ + + > 3-2 > Application Launcher > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-1 > Application List > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-2 > Application History > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-3 > Application Stack > ‑ > ‑ + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**3.1.8 Requirements** +**3.1.8.1 Layout** +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for customizable GUI layout definition by each vehicle +type, each destination and each grade. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for a customizable GUI layout definition for different +vehicle type, destination and grade. +GUI layout definitioncan be definedsuch as the following items: +(In addition, items that can be defined is not limited to the following.) +· screen resource (Display, Layer Type, Area) +Page 16 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· sound resource (Zone, Sound Type) +· input resource (Device, Event Type) +· UI Component to be used in the entire system +· transition effect (Animation effect) +· Background image +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to apply customized GUI layout definition. +**3.1.8.2 System UI Parts** +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to display two or more information simultaneously to +the status notification area. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to displaying status to status notification area. +· Current Time: Displaying clock capability +· +Icons of Status: Displaying icons for notify information from applications +· +Status Message: Displaying text for notify information from applications +· +Communication Status: Status of mobile communication and wireless communications +(Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.) +Home screen must provide an interface to retrieve information from application for notification. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show popup window into on-screen window. +Home Screen must provide GUI method to hide on-screen window by user operation. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to hide on-screen window within a specified duration. +Home Screen must provide an interface for applications to request to show popups. +Home Screen must provide an interface for applications to cancel the previously requested +popup. +Page 17 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show text information, draw images and show +software switch like button in the on-screen window. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to specify attributes such as position and size of On- +screen window. +Home Screen must support a mechanism to specify other window display effect when the On- +screen window is displayed. (e.g. tone down) +Home Screen must provide system setting menu regarding GUI, such as locale and network. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change current date and time setting. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change timezone setting. +· +The platform must set up the date, time and timezone according to a current position +automatically. +· +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to set up turning on and off of the automatic +date/time/timezone setup. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change language setting. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change wireless communications (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, +etc.) setting. +· Enable/Disable +· Connect/Disconnect +· Search the devices +· Display the list of available and/or registered devices +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change mobile communication setting. +· Enable/Disable +Page 18 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· A setup and change of various attributes +· Display the list of registered devices and select device +HomeScreen must support to change the appearance of a screen to a user's liking. +These are as follows. +· Tone of a screen. +· Appearance of a window frame. +· Animation effect when screen transition was occurred. +Home Screen must support a mechanism to set or change master audio volume. +Home Screen must support a mechanism to set or change display brightness. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show software keyboard. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to apply default settings (e.g. theme, local, wallpaper) +to a new user, when a user is added by the User Manager. +**3.1.8.3 Application Management** +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to manage downloaded application package. +· Display downloaded application list from application store. +· Download the application +· Install the downloaded application +· Uninstall the downloaded application +· Update the downloaded application +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to launch the application. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to terminate the application. +Page 19 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**3.1.8.4 Application Switch** +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show the list of installed applications. +Examples of assumed application list +· list of application name +· list of application’s icon +· list of live thumbnail for all the running applications +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for switching display application in order by application +history. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for the application stack in any order. For example, +such as launch order or display order. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for the system to switch applications. +For example, when Driving Mode changes, system must be able to switch application based on +policy. +**4 Application Framework Layer** +The Application Framework layer provides the methods needed to create software applications +and their user interfaces. The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of +which may be built into an SDK or product build. The application framework contains any code +specifically written for that framework as well the bindings to the Services and Operating +Systems layers that the application framework provides for its applications. +4.1 AGL Application Framework +The AGL Application Framework provides basic services to all applications regardless of the +framework they are implemented in so that there is a standard method providing the services. +Page 20 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**4.1.1 Application Manager** +Application Manager describes requirements for AGL application lifecycle function. Application +lifecycle contains application installation/removal and launch/hide/resume/kill. +**4.1.1.1 Requirements** +AGL System must support application lifecycle (install/uninstall, launch/kill, suspend/resume) based on +appid/pid via launcher. +AGL System must support a database to store application metadata (appid, exec path etc.). +AGL System must provide an interface to get a list of installed applications. +AGL System must provide an interface to get the state of an application. +AGL System must provide application privilege control. +**4.1.2 Window Manager** +A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user interface. A +window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), input +devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software component named window +manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, and a routing of user interactions. +A window manager is as software component that is responsible for a layout management of +windows. +Window manager of automotive middleware layer makes up for traditional window management +system to be satisfied IVI’s complex requirements, typically requested from Policy Manager. +Also, AGL aims to provide well-portability among various hardware platforms. +Page 21 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- ----------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Window drawing > Provide capability to draw a window to any place + > + > and any size and any scale. + > + > Also provide capability to change visibility of the + > + > window. + + > 2 > Overlay of multiple > Provide capability to overlay two or more windows + > > + > windows > with any z-order. + > + > Also provide capability to use hardware layer + > + > efficiently. + + > 3 > Visual effect > Provide capability to adapt visual effect as below. + > + > · Animation effect to change visibility + > + > · Animation effect to transit between two or + > + > more windows + > + > · Visual effect for a window, such as gray-out + > + > and transparent. + + > 4 > Frame rate control > Provide capability to control dynamic frame rate + > + > change. This is useful if system resource was + > + > shortage. + + > 5 > Multiple hardware layer > Provide capability to use hardware layer efficiently + > > + > support > if hardware supports two or more hardware layers. + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**4.1.2.1 Use** **Case** +Please refer “screen resource control” of Policy Manger section. +**4.1.2.2 Role** +Table 7-148 describes the role of window manager to be satisfied above purpose and use +cases. +Page 22 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 6 > Reduced dependency of > Provide well-defined interface to reduce + > > + > hardware > dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface + > + > also makes it possible to increase the effect of + > + > portability and development cost. + ----- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ + > 7 > Multi window / multi > Support multi window management and multi + > > + > display > display. + + > 8 > Compatibility > From the compatibility point of view, AGL should + > + > use public API, and shall not rely on hardware + > + > specific API. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**4.1.2.3 Requirements** +4.1.2.3.1 Window Drawing +System must provide a mechanism to manage surfaces, such as create, delete, make visible and +make invisible. +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete surface. +When surface is created or deleted, system must notify status change to GUI resource. +This notification mechanism makes possible to assign surface to proper area by GUI resource. +System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each surface. +And, provide an interface to change visibility. +All the surfaces must be set to invisible for initial state. +Surface will be visible only if GUI resource issues to change visibility. +System must provide a mechanism to move surface’s area. If area size was different between +previous area and new one, then system must support to fit into new area by VIC.4.1.4. +*System must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area. Because, size of area may differe*nt +Page 23 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +from size of surface. +If resize was happened, system must notify to surface’s owner application. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by squeeze. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by using combination of scaling and trimming function. +That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect +ratio. This makes it possible to fit by “pan & scan”. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by using combination of scaling and background color. +That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect +ratio. System also provides a mechanism to fill background color into redundant pixels. This +mechanism makes it possible to do “letterbox” method. +4.1.2.3.2 Overlay of Multiple Windows +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete a layer. +Layer must have a concept of z-order. That means, display order for each layer is decided by +their z-order attribute. +Z-order attribute is fixed value. So, if application wants to change display order of surfaces, +then, attached layer must be changed. +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete “area” to display surface. +Area is a concept which defines where to display in specific layer. +System must provide a mechanism to attach surface to any layer. +Also, system must be able to change attached layer. +And, provide an interface to attach and change. +Page 24 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to assign surface to any area in a layer. +And, provide an interface to assign surface to any area. +System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each layer. +That means all the surfaces belonging to same layer will be changed visible or invisible at the +same time. +And, provide an interface to change visibility per layer. +Initial state must be set to invisible. +System must provide a mechanism to enable superimposed display based on z-order of each +layer, and disposition of surfaces. +4.1.2.3.3 Visual Affect +System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when visibility change was +happened. +Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes. +- Duration +Animation type +System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom- +out. +Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by +plug-in architecture. +System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when move surface was happened. +Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes. +· Duration +Animation type +System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom- +Page 25 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +out. +Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by +plug-in architecture. +System must provide a mechanism to make effect to surface. +And, provide an interface to set effect type from application and other software components. +System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to gray-out. +System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to low brightness +System must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change effect for surface easily by plug-in +architecture. +4.1.2.3.4 Frame Rate Control +System must provide a mechanism to reduce frame rate independent from refresh interval of +application. +System also provides a mechanism to set frame rate as 0fps, independent from refresh interval +of application. +This function is useful to keep whole system quality even if high load status, such as live +thumbnail and moving surface. +4.1.2.3.5 Multiple Hardware Layer Support +If hardware supports two or more hardware layers, system must provide a mechanism to use +hardware layers efficiently. +· +Never use software overlay when superimposing two or more hardware layers +Assign hardware layer for graphical high load function, such as video playback +4.1.2.3.6 Reduced Dependency of Hardware +Page 26 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Window Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding displays and layers of +each display. And system must provide a mechanism to adapt any structure without re-build, +such as by using re-configuration. +4.1.2.3.7 Multi Window +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall manage multiple windows owned by multiple +processes on a display. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multi-headed display. +4.1.2.3.8 Compatibility +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that uses only public +APIs provided by Window System and OpenGL/ES 2.0 for rendering and user interaction. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that relies on a +standard rendering API such as OpenGL/ES 2.0 only. The window manager shall not rely on any +hardware specific API. +A window system and OpenGL/ES 2.0 API are responsible for a hardware abstraction. +**4.1.3 Policy Manager** +**4.1.3.1 Overview** +4.1.3.1.1 Purpose +Policy Manager collects information and makes decisions based on them. To do that, Policy +Manager collects lots of status, such as user operation and application status, then issue Vehicle +Info Control or Resource Control to provide information. Policy Manager controls two types of +resource, one is called “GUI resources” such as screen and sound, and other one is called +Page 27 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +“System resources” such as CPU and memory. +4.1.3.1.2 GUI Resources +(1) Definition +· About Control of GUI Resources +AGL is supposed the following devices in this feature. For example, display with touch panel, +speaker, and microphone. And AGL defines that “GUI resources” are resources that provide user +or is provided by user on those devices, such as windows, sound streams and input events. +**Figure 7-1: GUI resources** +Page 28 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager controls GUI resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy +Manager limits the information of GUI resources while the vehicle is driving, because, the too +much information distracts the attention of driver from driving operations. +· Associated Software Architecture +The software architecture of Policy Manager and related components regarding GUI resources +control is as below. +**Figure 7-2: Associated Software Expected Use Case** +Page 29 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Component** > **Description** + > + > **.** + ---------- ------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Homescreen > Request to control of GUI resources. + + > 2 > Applications > Request to output or input of GUI resources. + + > 3 > UI Component > Receive driving mode and day night mode. And + > + > then provide the corresponding feature to + > + > applications UI such as input limitation and + > + > changing the theme. + + > 4 > Application Manager > Detect application installation. Then Notify the + > + > definition of GUI resources such as role by + > + > application configurations. + + > 5- > Vehicle > Window Manager + > > + > 1 > Info + > + > Control + + > 5- > Sound Manager + > + > 2 + + > 5- > Input Manager + > + > 3 + + > 5- > Vehicle Info Distributor + > + > 4 + + > 5- > User Manager + > + > 5 + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager is related with the below components. +(2) Role +Page 30 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **ID** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > External condition > (1) Receives the external conditions. + > + > collection + + > 2 > Judgment of priority of > (1) Receives the input/output/control request of + > > + > GUI resource > GUI resources. + > + > (2) Judgment the GUI resource owner according to + > + > external conditions. + + > 3 > GUI resource control > (1) Issue the GUI resource control according to + > + > judgment. + > + > (2) Notify the driving mode and day night mode + > + > that is calculated by external conditions. + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager has the below role. +Page 31 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Figure 7-3: Definition of Role** +GUI resource classifies screen resource, sound resource and input resource. Details of each +resource type are as follows: +a. Screen Resource +a-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager collects the below definition that is related with screen resource. +**Figure 7-4: Definition of screen resource** +• Concept of Display, Layer, Layout and Area +AGL supports not only one physical display but also two or more displays. Each display has one +or more layer. And each layer must be connected to one layout defined by Homescreen. Layout +Page 32 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +consists of one or more areas. “Area” is graphics composed area to display specific graphics +window. +The z-order of layers is flexible. Policy Manager decides the z-order of each layer depending on +objectives of them. For example, layer-1 was used as “phone call notification”, and layer-2 was +used as displaying “map”, then Policy Manager will decide that layer-1 should be upper than +layer-2. +Layer is created by application including Homescreen. When application creates layer, +application specifies layer type. Layer type is roughly categorized as “Basic” and “Interrupt”. +“Basic” layers are used to display application itself such as media playback, map drawing and +setting menu. “Interrupt” layers are used to display overlay windows such as information alert +and enlarged view. +When application creates layer with ”Basic” type, application must specify layout type for it. On +the other hand, the case layer with “Interrupt”, application must specify corresponding “Basic” +layer. The layout of “Interrupt” layer is followed by “Basic” layer’s layout. +From the capability of Policy Manager point of view, the main purpose of layer is to decide z- +order. In other words, if there is a scenario to change z-order of two or more windows triggered +by system status change and/or user operation, then such kind of window must assign to +individual layer. +• Concept of Layer Owner, Role and Surface +“Layer owner” is application which created that layer. “Layer owner” can request each area of +that layer. When “Layer owner” requests specific area, “Layer owner” also specify “Role” of +area. “Role” represents how to be used that area, and used to define z-order of layers by Policy +Manager. +“Layer owner” also can request to change “Role” for specific area, however, whether “Role” +change is acceptable or not is decided by Policy Manager by using policy rule. +One area should connect to one graphics window. AGL defines the term “Surface” as graphics +window to display into one area. +Page 33 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Surface is a canvas to draw graphical image by application. To show via physical display, surface +drawn by application must be assigned to specific area. Figure 7-16 describes simplest example +to assign one surface to full screen with one layer. If layer has two or more areas, then +corresponding surfaces are mapped to each area. According to example of Figure 7-16, surface +is fit to area size as “squeeze”, however AGL also provide a way to fit as “letterbox” and “pan & +scan”. +**Figure 7-5: Definition of Surface** +• Subdivision of “Interrupt” Layer +Basically, “Basic” layer corresponding to “Interrupt” layer is used to display application’s main +surface. However there are some exceptions. For example virtual keyboard is not needed main +surface. However, to follow this layer type rule, virtual keyboard must have corresponding +“Basic” layer. But this “Basic” layer never used to display. Also on-screen, such as alert message +is not needed main surface too. But it must have corresponding “Basic” layer from same reason. +According to above concept and some exceptions, AGL defines four layer types described +as Table 7-3. +Page 34 of 159 + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Type** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- + > 1 > Basic > This is application’s basic screen. Typically, > Map of navigation + > + > application requests this layer at first time. + + > 2 > Interrupt > This is application’s popup screen. > Enlarged view of + > + > navigation + + > 3 > On-screen > This is system popup screen. Typically, On- > Warning message + > > + > screen service (e.g. Homescreen) requests > popup + > + > this layer. + + > 4 > Software > This is the software keyboard screen. > Software keyboard + > > + > keyboard > Typically, software keyboard service + > + > requests this layer. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + > **No** > **Contents** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ + > 1 > Role > This is screen owner (such as application or > Navigation + > + > service) role. + + > 2 > Sub role > This is specific screen role. > Enlarged view + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +a-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource +Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each screen resource. Role +is the category name of screen resource priority. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy +Manager. Table 7-4 and Figure 7-6 describes the definition of role and sub role. +Role consists of role and sub role. Role is screen owner role such as “Navigation” and “Software +Page 35 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +keyboard”. Sub role defines when layer type of the screen resource is not “Basic”. Sub role is +popup screen role such as “Enlarged view” (of Navigation). +**Figure 7-6: Definition of Role and Sub role** +The screen resources are sorted of priority that is related to role by Policy Manager. If display +has two or more layers, then all layers will be superimposed by z-order. +In addition, Policy Manager decides the area of "Interrupt" layer using role. Area of "Interrupt" +layer must be same area of the related "Basic" layer. "related" means that "Role" (is not "Sub +role") of "Basic" and "Interrupt" is same. For examples, if "Interrupt" layer is set “Navigation” +role and “Lane guidance” sub role, this is set in same area of "Navigation" role. +a-3. GUI resource control +Policy Manager controls the screen resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the screen resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control +directly. +Page 36 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +There are three types of screen resource control: +One is allocation of each surface such as position, size and size-fitting method. +Second one is visibility control. Basically, visibility should be “ON” during area owner was +assigned. However, visibility may set to “OFF” during driving mode due to driving restriction. +Last one is order control of each layer. Policy Manager decides the order of each layer, and issue +z-order information for each layer. +b. Sound Resource +b-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with sound resource. +**Figure 7-7: Definition of Sound Resource** +• Zone +Zone is a place in the car, such as driver zone, passenger zone, rear seat zone. Each zone can +play at the same time. +Page 37 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Type** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------- + > 1 > Basic > This is application’s basic sound. > Music of media + > + > player + + > 2 > Interrupt > This is application’s interrupt sound. > Guidance of + > + > Navigation + + > 3 > Beep > This is beep. Typically, Homescreen > Display touch sound + > + > requests this type. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +• Sound type +Sound type is the category of sound resource. Sound type must be set by each sound resource +owner such as application. If application wants to play sound, it must be assigned to proper +sound type of proper zone. Only one sound stream can occupy specific sound type of specific +zone. In other words, if two or more sound streams should be mixed in same zone, then each +sound stream must assign to individual sound type. +AGL supports the following sound type, however it’s just sample and should be configurable. +• Stream +Stream is connection of sound resource that is made in applications. Sound is transferred in +stream. +b-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each sound resource. Role +is the category name of sound resource. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy +Manager. Figure 7-8 describes the definition of role. +Page 38 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Figure 7-8: Sample Role** +The sound resources in the same zone and same sound type are switched along the priority that +is related to role by Policy Manager. In other words, the sound resources of different zones or +different sound type are not switched. They are mixed. +b-3. GUI Resource Control +Policy Manager controls the sound resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the sound resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control +directly. +There are two types of sound resource control: +One is playback control such as play, pause and stop. Policy Manger issues to play sound for +sound area owner, and if area owner was changed, then issue to stop previous playing sound +Page 39 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +stream and to start play latest area owner. +Other one is volume control. Two or more sound streams of same zone may playback +simultaneously if each sound streams are assigned to different sound type. In this case, Policy +Manager specifies volume parameter for each sound stream. For example, if route guidance and +music playback are mixed, assign higher volume to route guidance and volume down for music +playback. +c. Input Resource +c-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with input resource. +**Figure 7-9: Definition of Input Resource** +• Device Name +Device name is identity of input device such as steering SW and microphone. +• Event Type +Event type is logical group of input event from each input device such as volumes and +temperatures. +c-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +Page 40 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +If application wants to be notified input event, it must request input event notice with device +name and event type. The request is judged whether to notify by Policy Manager using policy +DB. And Vehicle Info Control notifies input event to applications along the result of the +judgment as below. +**Figure 7-10: Definition of routing rule** +OEM special switch means product variant configuration in Figure 7-10. +c-3. GUI Resource Control +Policy Manager controls the input resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the input resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control directly. +Input resource control is to specify event target to Vehicle Info Control. +4.1.3.1.3 System Resources +(1) Definition +Policy Manager controls System resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy +Manager limits memory usage of background applications when memory shortage was occurred. +Page 41 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **ID** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > External condition > (1) Receives the external conditions. + > + > collection + + > 3 > System resource control > 1. Issue the System resource control according + > + > to external condition change. + > + > 2. Kill process(s) forcibly according to external + > + > condition change. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager controls System resources by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. So, +target resources are CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network bandwidth. +**4.1.3.2 Requirements** +4.1.3.2.1 Screen Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the physical display information. Because system +uses physical display information with to control surface to other system. The receive +information must include as follows. +a. ID +b. Display resolution (Vertical and horizontal number of pixels) +c. DPI +d. Connected ECU +Page 42 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout definition. Layout definition must be +able to identify the all areas of display. As a result, system recognizes the available area list +according to current layout of each display. +The receive definition must include the follows. +a. ID +b. Area list +System must provide a mechanism to receive the area definition. Area is set application surface +by system if the request is accepted by system. As a result, application surface displays on the +device. +The receive request must include the follows. +a. Layout ID +b. ID +c. Area position (Coordinate of the upper-left) +d. Area size (Length \* Width) +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout type of each display. System can specify +the available areas if layout type is defined. The receive information must include the follows. +a. Display ID +b. Layout ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the priority rule. Because system must judge the +providing resource using it when the request is collision. +The receive information must include the follows. +a. Role +b. Priority +System must provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system must judge +driving mode. +The receive information must include the follows. +a. Velocity +Page 43 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Brake status +System should provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system should judge +day night mode. +The receive information should include the follows. +a. The brightness of the interior +System should provide a mechanism to receive the user status. Because system should judge the +providing resource using it. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the infrastructure status. Because system should +judge the providing resource using it. +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layer request. System allocates the physical +resource. Application must request the area on this layer if application needs to display the +resource. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +b. Layer type +The receive request should include as follows. +c. Display ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the area request. System sorts layers in order by +priority that is related with the specified role. Then system displays the application surface on +the specified area on the specified layer. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +Page 44 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Layer ID +The receive request must include as follows when layer type of the specified layer is “Basic”. +Because there is a specification that the area on layer except basic type must be located on the +related basic type area. +c. Area ID +**Figure 7-11: Sequence to display** +System should provide an interface to request both screen and sound resource simultaneously. +In this request, requester should choose below options. +a. +Requester needs both screen and sound. For example, if screen resource was available, +but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher priority, then, request should +be refused. +b. +Requester wants screen and sound resource as much as possible. For example, if screen +resource was available, but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher +priority, then, only screen resource should be assigned to requester. +Page 45 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly +release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release request during system +running. System should raise the requested surface to the top of the display. +The receive request should include the follows in addition to the information of the normal +request. +a. Effective period (Can set unlimited) +System should not raise the other surface above its during effective period. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of display surface +System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources. The screen resources are +sorted of priority that is related to role by system. If display has two or more layers, then all +layers will be superimposed by z-order. +System must provide a mechanism to judge visible surfaces according to vehicle running state. +System must hide the surface that has too much information. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Visible / Invisible +b. Change position +c. Raise +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Surface ID \*Only case of visible. +ii. Display ID \*Only case of visible. +iii. Layer ID \*Only case of visible. +Page 46 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +iv. Position (Coordinate of the upper-left) \*Only case of visible and change position. +v. Size (Length \* Width) \*Only case of visible. +System should provide a mechanism to set the following effect of the surface to other system. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of display surface +4.1.3.2.2 Sound Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the zone definition. Because system uses zone +information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must include as +follows. +a. ID +b. Sound device ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the sound type definition. Because system uses +sound type information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must +include as follows. +a. ID +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive +request during system running. +Page 47 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +b. Zone ID +c. Sound type ID +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly +release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release receive request during +system running. +The receive request should include as follows in addition to the information of the normal +request. +a. Effective period (Can set unlimited) +System must assign resource owner as requested. And system must not assign resource owner +by other request on same area during effective period. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of output sound +System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources when there are two or more +resources on same sound type on same zone. System judges the providing resource by priority +of resources that is related to role. +\* Boundary of the role between Policy Manager and application. +Page 48 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Figure 7-12: Boundary of role (Case of reverse) +System should provide a mechanism to manage order of the owner request. Because system +should provide a mechanism to hold the request until the request is approved. +For example, if current playing interrupt sound completed, select the next play interrupt sound +from request history based on the priority. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Mute / Unmute +b. Change zone +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Stream ID +ii. Device +In the case of multi-channel speaker, the receive request should include as follows. +iii. Channel ID +Page 49 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System should provide a mechanism to set the below effect of the sound to other system. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of output sound +4.1.3.2.3 Input Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the input device information. Because system uses +input device information with to control input event to other system. The receive information +must include as follows. +a. ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the event type definition. Because system uses +input device definition with to control input event to other system. The receive definition must +include as follows. +a. ID +b. Related event IDs +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive +request during system running. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Input device ID +Page 50 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Event type ID +System should provide a mechanism to judge whether to accept request according to the +limitation routing rule of policy DB. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Set the routing rule +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Input device ID +ii. Event type ID +The receive request must include either as follows. +iii. The allowed application +iv. The denied application +System should provide a mechanism to set the following information. +a. Application that has active surface +System should notify the touch event from touch panel to user operating application. This +feature is needed because there may be case that privilege application such as Homescreen +changes the active surface. +4.1.3.2.4 System Resources +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to collect external conditions to be used by Policy Manager +to decide proper system resource. +Page 51 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager must detect creation and deletion of process. +To detect creation of process, Policy Manager can assign proper system resource to created +process. +Also, to detect deletion of process, Policy Manager can assign resources of deleted process to +other active processes. +To assign proper system resource to specific process, system must provide a mechanism to +identify process’s role. In other words, Policy Manager must recognize the purpose of each +active process. +Policy Manager must detect current memory consumption periodically. +To detect current memory consumption, Policy Manager can control maximum memory to each +process to prevent memory shortage. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which were +thought as not so important process. +Policy Manager must detect current CPU consumption periodically. +To detect current CPU consumption, Policy Manager can control priority to each process to keep +system performance. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which seem to be in unexpected +busy state. +System must provide a mechanism to notify application status change to Policy Manager. +Application status includes as below. +· GUI resource status, such as foreground or background. +· +Resuming last status or not. When system starts up or log-in user changes, system must +resume last status. In this case, Policy Manager should assign much resource to last +application to resume quickly as much as possible. +(2) System Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to change assigned system resource per process or process +group according to external conditions. +According to policy based decision, Policy Manager must assign proper system resource to +target process or process group by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. (typically cgroups +Page 52 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +will be used) +System must provide a mechanism to kill process or process group forcibly. +4.1.3.2.5 Resource Management +Resource Management shall consist of three functional components - Resource Manager, Policy +Manager, Connection Manager. +Resource Management shall provide CORBA interfaces to rest of the components in the system. +Each resource request shall be in form a: +AppID, +SourceID, +RequestorZoneID, +NeedAll Flag (to specify if all the resources need to be allocated ), +Required Resource List. +Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Audio Sinks (eg: Cabin +Speakers, HeadPhones) +Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Video Sinks (eg: Display) +Resource Management shall be able to handle Source arbitration (Mic, WavPlayer instances, +Tuners etc.) +Resource Management shall be able to validate all the input parameters for a resource request +from resource requestors. +Resource Management shall be able to keep track of all the available resources. +Use CCF data to identify all the resources that are possible in the system. (static identification) +Page 53 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Use dynamic registration by the resource owners to identify what resources out of the above list +are available at a point of time in the system. (dynamic identification) +Resource Management shall inform about resource availability and unavailability in the system +through status update. +Resource Management shall support stacking/queuing of resource requests. +> Receive the requests from the resource requestors. +> Handle each request in chronological order and check for policy validation through Policy +Manager. +> Add the validated requests into a priority queue. +> Process each request from the top of the queue for establishing the connection. +> If a request is still in the pending queue and the requestor requests to withdraw the request, it +shall be removed from the queue. +Each request for resource shall be handled as an independent request irrespective of any earlier +request by the same requestor. In case of multiple resources requested in a single request, it +shall be treated as a single request and will be processed based on the request parameters. +If the NeedAll flag is set by the requestor, it shall either grant all the requested resources to the +requestor or none of them shall be granted. There shall be no partial allocation of resources. +If the NeedAll flag is not set, it shall be able to do partial allocation of resources i.e. grant +some/all of the resources requested by the requestor. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to a request owner to remove/withdraw an +existing resource request. +Resource Management shall check for every requested resource against a pre-defined set of +policies if the request can be served at this point of time or not. Below is a list of possible inputs +for the policy decision: +> Currently Free or InUse Sink status +> Who is the resource owner of the currently used sink resource (if it is in use) +Page 54 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +> Priority of the new requestor compared to the currently using requestor. +Resource Management shall use the system state as an additional input to make a decision if a +request can currently be serviced or not. Below system states can be taken as input to the +policy decision: +> Based on the speed restriction setting for a specific region, a request can be granted/kept +pending. +> Low Power Mode, Eco Mode, System errors shall also be used to make policy decisions. +At any point of time it shall maintain the following information for each ZONE for use by +resource requestor: +> Zone ID +> Allocated Source Instance +> Allocated Sink Instance +> Mute status +Resource Management shall not consider requirements to achieve a specific feature functionality +(e.g. : Lowering audio volume of rest of the sinks when a phone call is in progress) as an input to +the resource management policy. +Resource Management shall not provide support for requirements to achieve a specific feature +functionality (e.g.: Pausing a pausable source when phone call is in progress). +Resource Management shall maintain priorities for all non-entertainment sources (eg: +AMFM\_TA, PHONE\_NORMAL, NAV\_VG, etc. shall all have priorities). In case two sources have +same priority, the first requestor shall be granted a resource. In case of difference in priorities, +the highest priority resource request shall be the one that is granted the resource. +Resource Management shall maintain same priority for all entertainment sources (eg: MP, DVD, +AMFM\_NORMAL, etc. shall all have the same priority). The last received Entertainment resource +request will be the one that is granted the resource. +A valid (parameter and policy validated) resource request shall never be denied to the requestor. +It shall either be granted or kept as a pending request in the priority queue. +Page 55 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Resource Management shall be responsible for reporting a broken resource status. +It shall be the responsibility of the resource requestor to remove the request from Resource +Manager if the resource is no longer needed. +Resource Management shall assign a sink instance (the specific instance allocated out of all +available instances of the requested sink type for a particular zone) to a resource request, once +the request is granted against the set policy. +Resource Management shall maintain connection state of an already granted connection. +Possible connection states are Active or Passive. +> When a source has the primary (master) control over a sink, the connection state will be +active. +Ex: In normal mode, a driver requesting for AMFM source to Driver HeadPhone Sink connection. +> When a source has the secondary (slave) control over a sink, the connection state will be +passive. +Ex: Driver using the AMFM source, at the same time the rear passenger requesting for same +AMFM source on Rear headphone sink. +Resource Management shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink +connection using the underlying platform support. +Resource Management shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink +connection using the underlying platform support. +Resource Management shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is +removed/released. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute the audio sink when a connection is +re-established and the active source is ready to use the sink for audio routing. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink. +Page 56 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Resource Management shall inform the resource requestor when the sink is connected and ready +to be used for audio routing. +Resource requestor needs to inform the Resource Manager when they are ready to start audio +routing. This information shall be used to unmute the allocated sink. +Resource Management shall maintain the system connection table at any point of time. +Connection table contains information regarding which sink is currently allocated to which +source instance. +Resource Management shall support handling of change in behaviour based on Limo setting: +> Share the source between the Rear Seat headphone (Limo mode owner) and Cabin Speakers. +System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks +are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally +1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC. +The number of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter. +Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks. +In case of Foreground sources and Tuner interrupt sources, any sink that is taken away from a +source because of a high-priority interruption, need to be returned back to the previous source +(if the request from the previous source is still valid and it's the next highest priority request). +As part of requirement to improve connection handling efficiency, it shall have exceptions to not +disconnect the active connection while switching between any Tuner Source-Sink Background +connection to another Tuner Interrupt Source with same sink connection. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sources. +Page 57 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall provide the error state information about all resources to the Platform Error State +Manager. +It shall inform the resource requestors in case the request is for an erroneous or faulty sink. +It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data. +It shall support rules/exceptions (Blacklist) that define resource allocation strategy based on +current system scenario. +E.g.: If there is a blacklist rule that says a Speech session shall not be allowed while phone call +is in progress, then even if a FG sink is available, Speech shall be denied resources and kept as a +pending request. +It shall provide an interface to receive Limo mode setting status. +It shall provide an interface to receive status when a rear-user selects to take Cabin control. +It shall use interfaces of early app to receive information if it's already using Audio/Video +resources and update its internal status accordingly. +On any change in input to the Policy Manager (system state) it shall reevaluate all active +connections and reconnect or disconnect if required. +E.g. An Amp gets disconnected, then all active connects have to be disconnected. +Once the Amp gets reconnected, the connection info shall be reevaluated and final set of +connections shall be rebuilt with Amp. +It shall provide CORBA interfaces to the Resource Manager. +Page 58 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink connection using the underlying +platform support. +It shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink connection using the +underlying platform support. +It shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is removed/released. +It shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink. +System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks +are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally +1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC. +The no. of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks. +Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks. +It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data. +**4.1.4 Sound Manager** +A sound manager is a mechanism in which a sound output demand in two or more zones from +two or more applications is arbitrated, an audio server manages control of a sound output and a +policy manager manages a mediation rule. +Page 59 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ + > 1 > Routing sound streams > To route each sound stream to proper zone(s). + + > 2 > Mixing level control > Mixing two or more sound streams after volume + > + > control of each sound streams. + + > 3 > Sound effect > Provide a capability of sound effect as follows, + > + > · When changing sound stream. E.g. fade-in, + > + > fade-out and cross-fade. + + > 4 > Reduced dependency of > Provide well-defined interface to reduce + > > + > hardware > dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface + > + > also makes it possible to increase the effect of + > + > portability and development cost. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +A zone is a place in the car divided by the purpose of output power of sound like a driver zone, a +passenger zone, and a rear seat zone. Each zone can play at the same time. Refer to "Sound +resource" of "7.1.1.2 (2) Role" of "7.1 Policy Manager" for the details of a zone. +Applications that play and capture audio via the audio server, applications that control things like +volume and routing via the audio server, and a policy manager that works with the audio server +to implement automatic audio policies. +**4.1.4.1 Use Case** +Please refer “sound resource control” of Policy Manger section. +Table 7-14 describes the role of sound manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +**4.1.4.2 Requirements** +Page 60 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +4.1.4.2.1 Routing Sound Streams +System must provide a mechanism to manage sound “zone”. +Refer to "(2) Sound resource" of "7.3.1.2.2 Role" of "7.3 Policy Manager" for the details of a +zone and how to manage zone. +System must provide a mechanism to manage one or more connected sound devices, and each +channels of each sound device. +One or more sound devices are usually connected to a system, and each sound device consists +of one or more channels. And each channel outputs the sound of a monophonic recording. +For example, as for a stereo sound, a speaker is connected to each of two channels, and it is +arranged at the driver side of a car, and the passenger seat side. If a telephone call is got when +outputting stereo music from both of speakers, only the channel of a driver side needs to lower +musical volume, and needs to mix and output the sound of a telephone (to louder sound than +music). For this reason, the system needs to recognize and control each channel of each sound +device. +The system must determine the route which outputs two or more sound streams to two or more +zones. +Although the output place zone of a sound stream may change dynamically according to the +present state of vehicles and a policy manager makes the decision, sound manager requires the +mechanism in which a route is smoothly changed based on the determination of policy manager. +System must provide a mechanism to manage two or more sound zone as grouped zone. +System must provide a mechanism to do volume control for specific zone. +All the sound outputted to a certain zone is adjusted by the volume of the zone. +System must provide a mechanism to control sound stream. +Control of a sound stream is as follows. +· +Mute/unmute: System must provide a mechanism to do mute or unmute to any sound +stream. +· +Suspend/resume: System must provide a mechanism to suspend or resume to any sound +Page 61 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +stream. +Volume control: System must provide a mechanism to change volume to any sound stream. +4.1.4.2.2 Mixing Level Control +The system must offer the mechanism for arbitrating two or more sound streams outputted to +the same zone according to a policy manager's arbitration. +System must provide a mechanism to do mixing after volume control of each sound streams. +System must provide a mechanism to attenuate sound volume when other sound stream +requested to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to return to the volume before attenuating +the volume of a sound stream when interrupted sound stream was ended. +System must provide a mechanism to mute sound volume when other sound stream requested +to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to unmute sound volume when interrupted +sound stream was ended. +System must provide a mechanism to suspend sound stream playback when other sound stream +requested to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to resume playback when interrupted sound +stream was ended. +4.1.4.2.3 Sound Effect +When sound stream was changed, system must provide a mechanism to do sound effect. +System must provide typical sound effect such as fade in and fade out. +System must provide a mechanism to add, replace and delete sound effect easily by using plugin +architecture. +Page 62 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Input type** > **Associated device** > **Description** + ----------- ------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Key > Steering switch > Simple key event. + > + > Deliver to application. + + > 2 > Keyboard > Virtual keyboard > Keyboard event. + > + > Deliver to application, then use input + > + > method backend if needed. + + > 3 > Touch > Touch panel > Touch event, such as start, stop and move. + > + > Also supports double click and multi-touch + > + > capability. + > + > Deliver to application. + + > 4 > Sound > Microphone > Sound input. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +4.1.4.2.4 Reduced Dependency of Hardware +Sound Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding sound device and channels +of each device. And the system must enable addition/deletion of a sound device by the means +which does not need rebuild of systems, such as a configuration. +**4.1.5 Input Manager** +The Input Manager provides a capability to deliver input events to the proper application +depending on request from Policy Manager. Policy Manager will decide event target per each +input area. Also, the IVI system may use various car-oriented input devices such as steering +switch. Input manager provides a capability to abstract such kind of input event. +**4.1.5.1 Use Case** +Please refer “input resource control” of Policy Manger section. + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- --------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Abstract device event > Provide capability to abstract from device event to + > + > application readable event name, such as “volume + > + > up” and “right arrow”. + + > 2 > Event delivery > Provide capability to deliver input event to specified + > + > application. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Deliver to application or voice recognition +engine. +Table 7-14 describes the role of input manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +**4.1.5.2 Requirements** +**4.1.5.3 Abstract Device Event** +System must provide a mechanism to re-configuration regarding input devices without re-build. +Because, connected input devices may different by car grade, car type, destination and optional +equipment. +**4.1.5.4 Event Delivery** +System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application. +System must provide an interface to apply event delivery rule by using attribute pair “device id” +and “destination application id”. +Device id specifies a logical device name. Logical device name will link to physical device by +UIM.2.1.2. +Page 64 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Also, system must provide a mechanism to change event delivery rule dynamically. +System must provide a mechanism to link between logical device name and physical device. +System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application depending on +delivery rule defined in UIM.2.1.1. +System must provide a mechanism to inhibit any event delivery. +This function makes it possible to restrict input event during driving mode. +**4.1.6 User Manager** +**4.1.6.1 Use Case** +**4.1.6.2 Personal Identification** +User manager provides multi-user environment. A car may be used by two or more people, and a +person may use two or more cars, by using rent-a-car, for example. +**4.1.6.3 User Preference** +Multi-user environment provides same user experience for each user. +Also, multi-user aims seamless personal data sharing not only between cars but also including +other devices such as smartphones and smart TVs. Furthermore, it will include seamless data +sharing from your home and your office. +Identify the person, and log-in to the IVI system as a specified user. Personal identify may be +provided by traditional user name and password pair, smart key or biometrics. +Once a user has logged-in to IVI system, IVI system should provide personalized user +experience. For example, Bob uses English, but Alice uses French. Also, Bob likes rock-music, +*but Alice likes classic-music. In this case, English and rock-music should be selected when B*ob is +Page 65 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +logged-in, and Japanese and classic-music should be selected when Alice is logged-in. +**Figure 7-24 : Provide Logged-in User’s UE (User Experience)** +**4.1.6.4 Rent-a-car and/or Replacing a Car** +When Bob uses a rent-a-car, same preference should be adapted as if he rode his own car. If +Bob’s preference was stored in a cloud, then this can be supported. However, security is +important in this scenario. For example, Bob must not be able to access to other user’s +preference. +**Figure 7-25 : User data sharing between cars** +Page 66 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**4.1.6.5 Seamless Data Sharing** +Cloud-based user data syncing will enable seamless data sharing between IVI systems and +smart-phones, home networks and accessing from your offices. +**Figure 7-26 : User data sharing over the cars** +**4.1.6.6 Role** +**Error! Reference source not found.** describes the role of the User Manager to satisfy the above +purpose and use cases. +**Table 7-17 : Role of User Manager** +**No.** **Role** **Description** +Page 67 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +1 User identification +Provide a mechanism to identify user, such as user +name and password pair, smart key and biometrics. +Provide a mechanism to log-in to the IVI system as +a specified user. +When a different user logs in, proper user +preference for the user must be applied, and +resume last state of corresponding user. +Also, each application can store application’s data +per user. In such cases, proper user data must be +applied when a different user logs in. +2 User preference +Provide a mechanism to apply user preference of +logged-in user. +User preference includes the following data. +· User interface, such as locale and wall- +paper. +· Resume last application’s status of specified +user. +· Application specific data. +3 User data management +Provide a mechanism to manage cloud based user +data. +The following capabilities are required. +· Download user data of the logged-in user +from the cloud. +· Update cloud data if the user data was +updated by user operation or otherwise. +· Periodically sync-up w/ cloud because user +data may be updated by other devices. +In addition to the above basic capabilities, user data +cache is essential for a car, since a car may not +always have a reliable network connection. +4 Security Because cloud based sharing user data may be +accessed from any place, user data must be +protected from unexpected data access. +Page 68 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +So, IVI system must provide security mechanism +regarding accessing to cloud based user data. +**4.1.6.7 Requirements** +4.1.6.7.1 User Identification +System must provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to enter user name and password, and verify password to +identify logged-in user. +System should provide a mechanism to read smart key attribute to identify logged-in user. For +example, using NFC. +System should provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user by using biometrics. +4.1.6.7.2 User Preference +When a logged-in user is identified, system must apply user preference depending on the +currently logged-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to apply personalized user experience as follows. +- Locale settings +- UX theme +Wall paper +System must provide an easy mechanism to add plugin function and/or attribute of personalized +user experience. +Page 69 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to switch application data per user, and apply logged-in +user’s application data automatically. +When user is identified and logged-in, the system must apply last status of logged-in user. Last +status refers to the status of the system as the current logged-in user has last logged-out of the +system. Specifically, last status includes the following. +- Foreground applications. That means displayed applications. +Background applications. +When user logs in for the first time, the system must apply user preference for new log-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to apply default preference attributes for new log-in user. +System must provide default preference attributes and HMI to apply for first time log-in user. +4.1.6.7.3 User Data Management +System must provide a mechanism to manage user data. +AGL defines “user data” as a general term which includes all the data necessary to realize user +preference. +User data shall be stored in the cloud. The cloud provides user data not only to IVI systems but +also other systems and/or devices such as smartphones, Home-PCs, business-PCs, HEMS and +home electronics. +System must provide a mechanism to apply user preference and to supply user data to +application by using cloud based user data. +System must provide a mechanism to download cloud based user data and apply it as user data +of the IVI system. +When user data is updated in the IVI system, then the system must upload updated user data to +the cloud. +Also, since other device or system may update shared user data elsewhere, system must provide +Page 70 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +a mechanism to sync with the cloud periodically to keep user data in the IVI system up-to-date. +Because the IVI system is not necessarily connected to a network, the system must provide a +mechanism to cache downloaded user data. +If the IVI system re-connected to a network, system must sync with the cloud as soon as +possible. +4.1.6.7.4 Security +Because user data may include personal information, system must provide a mechanism to +protect user data from risks including but not limited to leakage, tampering and theft. +System must provide a mechanism to protect user data when accessing to the cloud. +- +System must authenticate communication entity. In other words, IVI system must +authenticate cloud server, and cloud server must authenticate client such as IVI system, +smartphone or PC. +- +System must provide a mechanism to encrypt transported data via a network. +- +System must provide a mechanism to transport data via a network with protection +against falsification of data from unauthorized access or illegal access. +- +Cloud server must provide a mechanism to authenticate individual user, and provide +user data only to the authorized user. +Because, two or more user’s user data may be stored in IVI system as a cache, system must +provide a mechanism to protect cache data from other users. The protection of cached data to +include not only the current multi-user environment risk, but also the risk of attacks against +cached data. In other words, only logged-in user’s cache data can be accessed. +4.2 Web HMI +Web based HMI. Contains applications, web runtime environment, and web-based home screen. +**4.2.1 Web API** +Page 71 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It is discussed that HMI parts of IVI system will be developed using HTML5. APIs to use service +function in IVI system from web applications is needed. Audio Visual API provides APIs for audio +visual equipment control to web applications. (e.g. Media files on storage, CD, DVD, BT-Audio, +Photo, etc.) +Web applications use Audio Visual API to play audio visual contents on IVI system. Use case of +Audio Visual API is shown in Figure 6-1. +**Figure 6-1: Use case of Audio Visual API** +**4.2.1.1 Requirements** +Audio Visual API must provide API to select Audio Visual contents. +· Select content using URL +· +Select content using contents list provided by multimedia subsystem +Page 72 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Audio Visual API must provide API to playback Audio Visual contents. (Media file on storage, CD, +DVD, BT-Audio, Photo, etc.) +· Play +· Pause +· Fast-forward +· Rewind +· Track up +· Track down +· Select playmode (Repeat/Random) +Audio Visual API must provide API to control a volume. +· Volume up +· Volume down +· Mute +Audio Visual API must provide API for metadata access about Audio Visual contents. +Audio Visual API must provide API for notifications. +· The case that playback state is changed +· The case that Audio Visual contents is add / removed +Audio Visual API must provide API to play AM/FM radio. +· Change the frequency. +· Change the broadcasting stations. +· Receive the list of broadcasting stations. +· Select the preset channel. +· Get the information of the broadcasting station. +Audio Visual API must provide API to play digital radio. +· Store the broadcast program information. +Page 73 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Get the broadcast program information. +· Get the play time. +· Play the radio broadcast cached. +AGL System must support a web API to access Vehicle information. +AGL System must support web API to control STT/TTS daemon. +AGL System must support web API to control navi engine. +AGL System needs to provide a Web API to allow peer to peer communication between two web +apps. +AGL System needs to provide an API to allow peer to peer communication between a web app +and a native app. +AGL System must support access control over app to app communications. Service provider +should be able to restrict subscriber. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 DOM, Forms and Styles. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Device APIs: Touch Events, Device Orientation, +Network Information +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Graphics APIs: canvas, canvas 2D context, and SVG +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Media: audio and video tags, user media and web audio +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Communication APIs: websocket, web messaging, +server sent events, session history of browsing context +*AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Storage APIs: Web storage, File, Database, Web S*QL +Page 74 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Security APIs: Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, HTML5 +The iframe element, Content Security Policy 1.0. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 UI APIs: Clipboard, DnD, Web Notifications +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Performance APIs: Web workers, Page Visibility, Timing +control, Navigation timing +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Location API: Geolocation +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Widget: Widget Packaging and XML Configuration, +Widget Interface, XML Digital Signatures for Widgets, Widget Access Request Policy +AGL System must support Khronos WebGL API. +**4.2.2 Web Runtime** +The Web Runtime module contains the bindings for the Web Application Framework to access +the AGL Application Framework and Services. +**4.2.2.1 Requirements** +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide full web application lifecycle management (e.g., +installation/removal). +AGL System Web Runtime shall provide full execution environment for web apps (i.e., launch, +view generation, rendering, etc.) +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to implement plugins/extensions to add +better device/platform integration. +Page 75 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to manage apps' access control and also to +categorize apps with different privileges. +System must provide high level GUI components for Web application. +At least, below components are required. +· Text labels +· Button +· Radio button +· Check box +· Tab panel +· Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation) +· Slider +· Accordion list +· Anchor +· Text input form +· Dropdown list box +· Date picker +4.3 Native HMI +The Native HMI provides an application framework for those applications that are not written +using Javascript or other web technologies. +**4.3.1 Native App Runtime** +The Native Runtime module contains the bindings for the Native Application Framework to +access the AGL Application Framework and Services. +**4.3.1.1 Requirements** +System must provide high level GUI components for native application. +Page 76 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +At least, below components are required. +· Text labels +· Button +· Radio button +· Check box +· Tab panel +· Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation) +· Slider +· Accordion list +· Anchor +· Text input form +· Dropdown list box +· Date picker +**4.3.2 Native Application Framework** +The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of which may be built into an +SDK or product build. The application framework contains any code specifically written for that +framework as well the bindings to the Services and Operating Systems layers that the +application framework provides for its applications. +**5 Services Layer** +The Services Layer contains user space services that all applications can access. Generally the +services provide either an IPC type interface or a subroutine/ function API. These interfaces +remain the same for a given implementation and it is up to the Application Framework Runtime +modules to provide access to these interfaces to the applications. Since we are trying to avoid +unnecessary interface shims, it is not necessary for AGL to define standard service layer +interfaces for a given module. Unless otherwise specified the API depends upon the interfaces +provided by the open source packages chosen for a module. Different implementations may +choose different packages for a given function and it is left to the Application Framework +runtime to adjust to any new interfaces, +Page 77 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1 Platform Services +Platform Services Layer. Conventional Linux platform services +**5.1.1 Bluetooth** +This document describes requirements regarding registration, (dis)connection and device +information management between Bluetooth device and infotainment system. Necessary +Bluetooth profiles in automotive use case are defined here. +**5.1.1.1 Requirements** +The Telephony system shall be designed to +support a minimum of BT3.0+EDR, but shall be possible to upgrade to Bluetooth 4.0+EDR +without hardware upgrade. +A Bluetooth hands-free system shall provide the following BT profiles: +· Core 2.0 + EDR inc. GAP (Generic Access Profile) +· HFP (Hands Free Profile) +· OBEX (Object Exchange) +· OPP (Object Push Profile) +· PBAP (Phonebook Access Profile) +· SPP (Serial Port Profile) +· SDAP (Service Discovery Access Profile) +If the BT system is designed to operate with BT Media Players (E.g. control and stream music +from), the system shall also support the following incremental BT profiles: +· A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) +· AVRCP (Audio Visual Remote Control Profile) +The link key shall be minimum 128 bits. The encryption key is negotiated and shall be set at the +Page 78 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +highest supported value by the remote device. The Telephony system shall be capable of +generating up to 128-bit encryption key. The Telephony system will not be the limiting device in +encryption key length negotiation. +When implemented by the remote device Simple Secure Pairing 'Numeric comparison' method as +default pairing mechanism. However when remote device is limited a configurable priority +scheme will be adopted where the order of mechanisms will be determined at configuration +time. +The Telephony system shall provide Bluetooth Power Class 2. The operating range of Class 2 is +10 meters and maximum power is 2.5 mW (4 dBm). +The Telephony system shall have provision for 1, 3 and 5-slot packet transmission. It shall +allow using five-slot packet transmission for faster data rate. +The Telephony system shall use IrMC standards as directed by the BT specification. It is a +standard from IrDA, including IrOBEX for object exchange including vCards, vCalendars, etc. +vCard is the electronic business card. It is used for Personal Data Interchange (PDI). vCards are +often attached to e-mail messages, and can be exchanged on Instant Messaging. vCard contain +name and address information, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses. +vCard version 2.1 is widely adopted by e-mail clients. It contains FN, N, PHOTO, BDAY, ADR, +LABEL, TEL, EMAIL, MAILER, TZ, GEO, TITLE, ROLE, Logo, Agent, ORG, NOTE, REV, SOUND, +URL, UID, Version, and KEY properties. +vCard version 3.0 is IETF standards format. It is defined in following two parts: +MIME Content-Type for Directory Information +vCard MIME Directory Profile +It contains NICKNAME, CATEGORIES, PRODID, SORTSTRING and CLASS properties along with +the vCard version 2.1 properties. +The touch-screen or head unit HMI must have the ability to delete a Bluetooth device and any +associated data (E.g. phonebook, voicemail number) when required, even if the BT device list is +not full. +The Telephony system shall use SCO link for voice data if eSCO link is not supported else eSCO +Page 79 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in HF** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Connection management > Mandatory > x + + > 2 > Phone status information > Mandatory > x + + > 3 > Audio Connection handling > Mandatory > x + + > 4 > Accept an incoming voice call > Mandatory > x + + > 5 > Reject an incoming voice call > Mandatory > x + + > 6 > Terminate a call > Mandatory > x + + > 7 > Audio Connection transfer during an ongoing call > Mandatory > x + + > 8 > Place a call with a phone number supplied by the > Option > x + > + > HF + + > 9 > Place a call using memory dialing > Option > - + + > 10 > Place a call to the last number dialed > Option > - + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +shall be used. +5.1.1.1.1 Hands Free Profile +The Telephony system shall implement Hands-Free Profile (HFP) as per the hands-free Profile +specification version 1.6 or later. +The Telephony system shall enable a headset, or an embedded Hands-Free unit to connect, +wirelessly, to a cellular phone for the purposes of acting as the cellular phone's audio input and +output mechanism and allowing typical Telephony functions to be performed without access to +the actual phone. +It shall provide following roles: +Hands-Free unit (HF) + + > 11 > Call waiting notification > Option > x + ------- ------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ---------- + > 12 > Three way calling > Option > x(\*1) + > 13 > Calling Line Identification (CLI) > Option > x + > 14 > Echo canceling (EC) and noise reduction (NR) > Option > x + > 15 > Voice recognition activation > Option > x + > 16 > Attach a Phone number to a voice tag > Option > - + > 17 > Ability to transmit DTMF codes > Option > x + > 18 > Remote audio volume control > Option > - + > 19 > Respond and Hold > Option > x + > 20 > Subscriber Number Information > Option > x + > 21a > Enhanced Call Status > Option > x + > 21b > Enhanced Call Controls > Option > - + > 22 > Individual Indicator Activation > Option > - + > 23 > Wide Band Speech > Option > x + > 24 > Codec Negotiation > Option > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +\*1: Does not support Multi-party (conference) call +The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMM query/response to determine the +model of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be stored as a +string in a phone model CGMM variable. +· Phone Model CGMM: +· Type: string +· Max length: 200 chars +Page 81 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Persistence: No +A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +device. +The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMI query/response to determine the +Manufacturer of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be +stored as a string in a phone model CGMI variable. +· Phone Model CGMI: +· Type: string +· Max length: 200 chars +· Persistence: No +A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +device. +The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMR query/response to determine the +revision of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be stored as a +string in a phone model CGMR property. +· Phone Model CGMR: +· Type: string +· Max length: 200 chars +· Persistence: No +A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +device. +5.1.1.1.2 Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) +The Telephony system shall implement Advanced Audio Distribution Profile as per the A2DP +specification version 1.2 or later. +Page 82 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Codec** > **Support** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------- --------------- ----------- + > 1 > SBC > Mandatory > x + > 2 > MPEG-1,2 Audio > Option > - + > 3 > MPEG-2,4 AAC > Option > - + > 4 > ATRAC family > Option > - + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in SNK** > **AGL** + ----------- -------------------- ------------------------ ----------- + > 1 > Audio Streaming > Mandatory > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The Telephony system shall use this profile for audio streaming. This profile shall be use to +realize distribution of audio content of high-quality in mono or stereo on ACL channels. +It shall provide following roles: +Sink (SNK) - A device is the SNK when it acts as a sink of a digital audio stream delivered from +the SRC on the same piconet. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 20 should be supported. +Decode functions of codec marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 21 should be supported. +Copyright protection technology SCMS-T should be supported. +5.1.1.1.3 Phone Book Access Profile +Page 83 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The Telephony system shall implement Phonebook Access Profile as per the PBAP specification +version 1.1 or later. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to allow exchange of Phonebook Objects between +devices. +Phonebook is automatically downloaded into the system from mobile device for browsing. The +Telephony system shall store user's Phonebook and the Phonebook details of the connected +device shall be available to the user. The Telephony system shall manage the contacts by, listing +and copying contact information. +It shall provide following roles: +· Phonebook Client Equipment (PCE) +It shall provide following types of Phonebook objects: +· The main Phonebook object +· The Incoming Call History object +· The Outgoing Call History object +· The Missed Call History object +· The Combined Call History object +A Bluetooth hands-free system must download the phonebook from the connected BT device +automatically if the BT device has provision for the transfer of phonebook data. The Phonebook +download shall be performed by any one of the following methods listed in priority of usage: +· Using PBAP profile +All the BT device's phonebook entries must be transferred - those on any external memory (E.g. +SIM) and also any stored in the BT device's memory. +The number type data (if stored with the contact) shall also be transferred and stored in the +vehicle phonebook. The Phonebook shall be associated to only the BT device it was downloaded +from. +5.1.1.1.4 Dial Up Networking (DUN) Profile +Dial-Up Networking Profile (DUN) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +necessary lower layers. +Page 84 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Service** > **Support in DT** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Data call without audio feedback > Mandatory > x + > 2 > Data call with audio feedback > Option > - + > 3 > Fax services without audio feedback > N/A > - + > 4 > Fax services with audio feedback > N/A > - + > 5 > Voice call > N/A > - + > 6 > Incoming calls > Option > x + > 7 > Outgoing calls > Mandatory > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It has to comply with the specification for “Data Terminal (DT)” +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 23 should be supported. +5.1.1.1.5 Object Push Profile (OPP) +Object Push Profile (OPP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary lower +layers. +It has to comply with the specification for “Push Server”. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 24 should be supported. +**Table 24 : List of OPP Push Server Supporting Functions** +Page 85 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in CT** > **AGL** + ----------- -------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Connection establishment for control > Mandatory > x + > 2 > Release connection for control > Mandatory > x + > 3 > Connection establishment for browsing > C6 > x + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Feature** > **Support in Push Server** > **AGL** + > + > **.** + ---------- ---------------------------- --------------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Object Push > Mandatory > x + + > 2 > Business Card Pull > Option > - + + > 3 > Business Card Exchange > Option > - + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.6 Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) +The System shall implement Audio / Video Remote Control Profile version 1.6. +The system shall use this profile for audio streaming control for each connected media device +plus one remote control.. +The system must comply with the specification for Controller (CT) items marked with "x" in AGL +column in Table 25 should be supported. +C2: Mandatory if device supports Metadata Attributes for Current Media Item or optional +otherwise +C3: Mandatory to support at least one Category +C4: Mandatory if Category 2 supported, excluded otherwise +C6: Mandatory if Browsing (item 18) is supported, optional otherwise +EX: Excluded +Page 86 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +4 Release connection for browsing C6 x +5 AV/C Info commands Option x +6 Category 1: Player/Recorder C3 x +7 Category 2: Monitor/Amplifier C3 - +8 Category 3: Tuner C3 - +9 Category 4: Menu C3 - +10 Capabilities Option x +11 Player Application Settings Option x +12 Metadata Attributes for Current Media Item Option x +13 Notifications C2 x +14 Continuation C2 x +15 Basic Group Navigation Option x +16 Absolute Volume C4 - +17 Media Player Selection Option x +17.1 - Supports Multiple Players Option x +18 Browsing Option x +18.1 - Database Aware Players Option x +19 Search Option - +20 Now Playing C6 x +20.1 - Playable Folders Option x +21 Error Response EX - +22 PASSTHROUGH operation supporting press and Option x +Page 87 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + > **No** > **Feature** > **Support by the MCE** > **AGL** + > + > **.** + ---------- ------------------------- ----------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Message Notification > C1 > x + + > 2 > Message Browsing > C1 > x + + > 3 > Message Uploading > Option > x + + > 4 > Message Delete > Option > - + + > 5 > Notification > C2 > x + > + > Registration + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +hold +The AVRCP profile realisation shall implement an Inform Battery Status of CT parameter and +pass this information up to so it can be passed to the User. +5.1.1.1.7 Message Access Profile +Message Access Profile (MAP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary +lower layers. +It has to comply with the specification for “Message Client Equipment (MCE)”. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 26 should be supported. +C1: The MCE to support at least one of the C1-labelled features +C2: The MCE shall support Message Notification Registration if it supports Message +Notification. Not applicable otherwise. +Page 88 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in PANU** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Initialization of NAP/GN service > - > - + > 2 > Shutdown of NAP/GN service > - > - + > 3 > Establish NAP/GN service Connection > Mandatory > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.8 Serial Port Profile (SPP) +The Telephony system shall implement Serial Port Profile as per the SPP specification version +1.1 or later. +It shall provide following roles: +Initiator - This is the device that takes initiative to form a connection to another device. +Acceptor - This is the device that waits for another device to take initiative to connect. +Following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +Establish link and setup virtual serial connection +Accept link and establish virtual serial connection +Register Service record for application in local SDP database +5.1.1.1.9 Personal Area Network (PAN) Profile +Personal Area Network Profile (PAN) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +necessary lower layers. +It has to comply with the specification for “PAN User (PANU)”. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 27 should be supported. +Page 89 of 159 + + > 4 > Lost NAP/GN Service Connection > Mandatory > x + ----- ------------------------------------------- ------------- ----- + > 5 > Disconnect NAP/GN Service Connection > Mandatory > x + > 6 > Management Information Base (MIB) > - > - + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.10 Service Discovery Profile (SDP) +The Telephony system shall implement Service Discovery Application Profile as per the SDAP +specification version 1.1. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to locate services that are available on or via devices +in the vicinity of a Bluetooth enabled device. +It shall provide following roles: +Local Device - A device that initiates the service discovery procedure. +Remote Devices(S) - A device that participates in the service discovery process by responding to +the service inquiries generated by Local Device. +The following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +Search for services by service class +Search for services by service attributes +Service browsing +5.1.1.1.11 Device Information Profile +Device Identification Profile (DIP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +necessary lower layers. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 28 should be supported. +**Table 28 : List of DIP Supporting Functions** +Page 90 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support** > **AGL** + ----------- ----------------------- --------------- ----------- + > 1 > SpecificationID > Mandatory > x + > 2 > VendorID > Mandatory > x + > 3 > ProductID > Mandatory > x + > 4 > Version > Mandatory > x + > 5 > PrimaryRecord > Mandatory > x + > 6 > VendorIDSource > Mandatory > x + > 7 > ClientExecutableURL > - > - + > 8 > ServiceDescription > - > - + > 9 > DocumentationURL > - > - + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.12 Bluetooth Smart Ready +Bluetooth Smart Ready shall be supported. +It shall comply with Bluetooth Low Energy standard. +5.1.1.1.13 Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP) +The Telephony system shall implement Generic Object Exchange Profile as per the GOEX +specification version 2.0 or later. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to facilitate the exchange of binary objects between +devices. The usage model shall be Synchronization, File Transfer or Object Push model. +It shall provide following roles: +Server - This is the device that provides an object exchange server to and from which data +objects shall be pushed and pulled, respectively. +Page 91 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Client - This is the device that can push or/and pull data object(s) to and from the Server. +The following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +Establishing an object connection +Pushing a data object +Pulling a data object +Performing an action on data objects +Creating and managing a Reliable Object Exchange Connection +5.1.1.1.14 Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile +The Telephony system shall implement Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile as per the +GAVDP specification version 1.2 or later. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to specify signalling transaction procedures between +two devices to set up, terminate, and reconfigure streaming channels. +It shall provide following roles: +Initiator (INT) +Acceptor (ACP) +Following are the feature requirements for this profile: +Connection +Transfer Control +Signalling Control +Security Control +Note: This profile is currently being enhanced to version 1.3. Release date of this version is not +yet finalized. The Telephony system shall be able to upgrade to the newer version in the future. +5.1.1.1.15 Bluetooth Diagnostics +**5.1.2 Error Management** +The Error Management module provides platform error handling mechanisms. This includes +Page 92 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +detecting system errors that occur after start up to provide a recovery function by localized +restart. In addition, +in case of a broad ranged malfunction, Error Management provide quick detection and recovery +to issue in a short amount of time. +**5.1.2.1 Use Cases** +5.1.2.1.1 System Surveillance and Recovery +While using in-car information device, if the whole system or part of the function stops, an +immediate error detection and automatic recovery will be needed. For example, when updating +the screen while route guidance is on or voice recognition cannot be used, restart the function to +try and recover. When an error occurs in the core of a system such as an output communicating +middle ware, reboot the whole system to try and recover. +There are several supposed cases for system surveillance such as a case where the system that +adopted AGL and monitors by itself or monitored by the system that has not adopted AGL. The +AGL Error Management scope includes parts of the system that adopted AGL. +The way of recovery has to be assessed by the status of the system behavior. For example, even +if the way to recover the car navigation error might be reboot, the system reboot should not be +done when the car navigation is displaying back camera image. Because of these use cases, Error +Management should focus on the degree of importance for surveillance list process and the +degree should be adjusted by its behavior status. +5.1.2.1.2 Collecting Information +For when the system failure occurred after the launch, the most urgent item is a prompt +recovery but what is also a point that is worth noting is to collect the information to specify the +cause for its failure. Therefore, gathering information with the minimum recovery time is needed. +With Linux system, memory image dump (core dump) of generally abended process is used. On +the other hand, a scale of middleware which is an in- car application is increasing and has come +Page 93 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +to the point where the time to dump the entire memory image is impermissible. To avoid this, +the Error Management function will provide the system to leave the light log. +**5.1.2.2 Requirements** +Prevent the system failure shutoff and also in case of failure provided the function that judge its +status automatically and recover +The Error Management module should support both surveillance of the whole system and each +process. +The Error Management module should monitor the memory usage of whole system cyclically. +When memory usage exceeds set threshold value, a set action should be done. Cycle, threshold +value, action is changeable by AGL user. +Kernel function that requires Error Management surveillance, driver has to send a notification +to Error Management when an error occurs. The subjects that sends error notifications are +output communication or disk I/O. +Error Management should be able to execute the action after obtaining the error notification +by kernel function and the driver. Action should be changeable by AGL user. For example, an +error for CAN communication is critical so system restart could be done but USB communication +error can be ignored since it may be caused by a compatibility issue between devices. +Error Management should monitor processes for existence or non-existence, when abended it +should execute a set action. The set action should be changeable by the AGL user. Termination +of resident process is a defect but termination of a temporal behaving process is correct so +those two should be able to set separately. +Error Management should monitor the process with a set cycle and when it goes over threshold +value, should be able to execute the set action. Cycle, threshold value, action should be +changeable by AGL user. The subjects of surveillance are CPU usage and memory usage. +Should be able to vanish process forcibly including subsidiary process +Page 94 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Make the software that works by system have the concept of level importance. +Appropriate recovery depending on the level of importance. The level of importance should be +adjustable depending on the status of operation by coordinating with Policy. +The process that detecting an external communication error within the Error Management +module and recovering has to be set to complete before external monitoring detects. +The application that is monitored by the Error Management modulehas to be independent as +more than one process. +The application that is monitored by the Error Management moduleshould not combine multiple +applications to one process. Application’s runtime part does not have the structure where +multiple applications can be moved by the same process. +Service providing side has to be nondense to the application. For example, the Service providing +process such as a software keyboard should not go wrong with the state of App. Such as +process crash, exit, etc.. +An application has to be nondense to an application. When linking two application one ends +suddenly the other will not become abnormal state. +The process that communicates with the external system has to be independent from the other +process while recovering that does not include system restart so that it can notify alive towards +external side. +When the software that is under the surveillance of RAS can not recover with one restart +additional process can be done such as deleting the subject files that were registered +beforehand. +The system has to have a structure where overwrite the files that are stored in a pinned file +system without destroying them. +Page 95 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +When system down occurs (kernel panic), should be able to collect the information need for +analyzing. +When making the system down happen intentionally( BUG\_ON etc.),make sure to leave a +message that can specify the cause. +Both the log which is for debug and can take time to output and the log that leaves minimum log +in a short period of time have been equipped and able to select. +In any abnormal cases log output does not lock the system (stand by for spin lock etc.) or +system down does not occur (self-destruction on log output process). +Should be able to leave the aberrance occurred in kernel area on the log. +Should be able to select the level of log output. +Should be able to record the aberrance log with the time of occurrence. +Should be able to obtain the information linked to the system resources. +Should be able to leave the information corresponding to core dump in a short period of time. +Both the log which is for debug and can take time to output and the log that leaves minimum log +in a short period of time have been equipped and able to select. +As the smallest amount of information, the following information should be left. +· Register information +· Process logical memory map +· +Stack dump or back trace from the exceptional place of occurrence +· Time of occurrence +· +Information that can specify the occurred process thread (name of an executing +file‑name of the thread etc.) +Page 96 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· The signal that occurred +Lightweight core dump is a core dump that can set the restrictions below. +· +Select the memory mapping category of process executing memory image that targeted +for an output. +· +Specify the order of an output and output high-priority memory mapping first to prevent +dropping the information needed. +· +Output only the memory mapping that is linked to the abnormal process (text area). \[O\] +· +Compress the data for each memory mapping category and output up to the fixed +maximum size. +· +NOTE information of ELF header and program header will not change. +Selectable memory mappings are the following. +· anonymous private mappings +· anonymous shared mappings +· file-backed private mappings +· file-backed shared mappings +· private huge page +· shared huge page +Setting parameters of the output context are the following. +· +Memory mapping category which is for an output object can be set. +· The order of outputting memory mapping can be set. +Should be able to leave the log in increments of process. Possible to filter and have a look in +increments of process. +Should be able to leave a trace log in increments of process during process crash. Should be +able to leave a trace log in increments of process during system running, if necessary. +Should be able to obtain the information related to system resource of process. +Page 97 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +There should be a structure to be able to error trace among the whole process in a user space. +**5.1.3 Graphics** +Graphics subsystem; HMI input, wayland, windowing, etc. +**5.1.4 Location Services** +Location services includes support for GPS, location, and positioning services including dead +reckoning. Time of day support is also included in Location Services since time is a primary +output of the GPS receiver. +**5.1.4.1 Position** +**5.1.4.2 Time of Day** +With Linux, time adjusting is generally done by using date command or NTP but since in-car +device can obtain the accurate time from GPS, GPS time is often used as Abs Time. Because of +its advantage where this GPS demand can be done anywhere in the world, it would continue in +future. Therefore, we are going to need a structure for adjusting the Linux system time. +**Monotonic and Absolute Time Support** +As a weak point of GPS, when cold start, it takes a long time to obtain the accurate time. +Because of this, it will not set the right time for booting the system and will adjust it while it’s +moving. As for in-car device, the demand to make the system boot faster is rather strong and +Abs Time can vary while it’s working for one of the middle ware applications. +On the other hand, although POSIX API which is used as a standard for Linux, provides the time +that has not been effected by the adjusting in case of a simple latency, but for resource latency, +some of them can only set with Abs Time. Therefore, in-car Linux needs an API that supports +Monotonic Time. +**Kernel Time Precision** +Page 98 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +In-car device needs to support all kinds of communicating system such as CAN. Those +communicating system includes the device that needs ms order procedure. +In Linux Kernel space, jiffies are used as mere time. However 1jiffies time differs depending on +the CPU architecture and the architecture differs depending on SOC. Because of this, the lowest +value for unit of time that AGL environment has to support needs to be decided. +**5.1.4.3 Requirements** +Should be able to adjust the system time from GPS middle ware. +Adjust the system time after the time is determinate. +GPS middle ware has to have the system where it can implement GPS driver control parts using +the plugin (source plugin). Must tolerate proprietary GPS component. +GPS middle source plugin must tolerate proprietary. Source plugin has to be a license that is not +imposed a duty to open source. For example, header library’s license that is needed to make +Source plugin can not be GPL or LGPL. +When waiting, can use both absolute time and monotonic time +Resource obtaining time out such as mutex, semaphore can use both absolute time and +monotonic time. +Resource obtaining time out such as mutex, semaphore can use both absolute time and +monotonic time. +System time must be able to use consecutively at least until 2099. +Absolute time has to support leap year and leap seconds. +1 jiffies have to be smaller than 1ms. +Page 99 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Time waiting that involve context switch, must be done with the accuracy over 1ms. +From timer / ISR, can boot tasklet with the accuracy 1ms. +A system has to be able to handle time with at least the accuracy 1ms. +**5.1.5 Health Monitoring** +Platform monitoring services such as watchdog or active monitoring +**5.1.6 IPC** +Standard platform interprocess and interprocessor communication mechanism. +**5.1.7 Lifecycle Management** +Startup, shutdown, state change, etc. +**5.1.8 Network Services** +Includes standard networking protocols such as TCP/IP via any networking physical layer +including Wifi, Bluetooth, or ethernet. +**5.1.9 Persistent Storage** +Power safe persistent storage +**5.1.10 Power Management** +Amount of ECUs in the car and their complexity has grown dramatically over last decade. Needs +in processing power are constantly growing to catch up with demands of automotive industry. +*This, in turn has impact on power budget and temperature/heat dissipation characteristic of* +Page 100 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +modern ECUs +In parallel, success of green, electric cars is pushing power budget limits down as never before, +in distant future we may see “battle for watts” in automotive electronics. Finding optimal +balance between performance and ECU operating modes, frequencies, voltages is also important +for overall durability characteristic. +Suspend/resume techniques and retention of the ECU in lower power states now becoming +more welcomed over traditional cold boot approaches. +Linux community has been working on power management architecture for many years, it has +become a state of art framework and set of components that addresses needs not only +consumer electronics industry, but also industrial automation, security, etc.) +**5.1.10.1 Requirements** +AGL kernel shall allow switching between active and suspend states. Exact definition of suspend +states is platform/architecture-specific (e.g. “suspend to memory”, “suspend to disk” +/“hibernate” correspond to S3 and S4 in ACPI terminology) +Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected by suspend/resume transitions. +AGL kernel shall provide sufficient APIs for application to control active/suspend state +transitions and receive appropriate events/notifications. Kernel should not initiate power state +transitions if no requests provided from applications. +Detailed definition of steps/actions required for suspend/resume sequence is out of the scope of +this specification (it is also platform-dependent). +AGL kernel for SMP configurations shall allow enabling/disabling of individual cores (or group of +cores) (NOTE: on some platforms/architectures enabling/disabling may be achieved by putting +core in one of its low power states) +AGL kernel shall only provide mechanism for applications to request enabling/disabling particular +cores from SMP group. +Page 101 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL kernel shall support CPU frequency and voltage scaling. Exact definition of operating points +(table of frequencies/voltages allowed by hardware) is platform/architecture-specific (moreover, +some of operating points may be omitted/ignored in AGL kernel as their impact on power budget +insignificant) +Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected by CPU frequency and voltage scaling +Only application-defined policies shall be allowed for CPU frequency and voltage scaling. +Default in-kernel governors/policies (e.g. on-demand or performance) shall not be used and they +may have negative impact on overall system performance/predictability +AGL kernel shall allow switching between active and idle states. Exact definition of idle states is +platform/architecture-specific (e.g. C0..C4 in ACPI terminology or WFI+… for ARM) +Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected entering/leaving one of idle states +Only application-defined policies shall be allowed for CPU Idle +AGL kernel shall support run-time power management of I/O (peripheral) devices +AGL kernel shall support I/O (peripheral) device voltage and frequency scaling +**5.1.11 Resource Management** +Resource and device management. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to be used for informing status of a resource +request by the Resource Manager. +**5.1.12 Telephony Services** +**5.1.12.1 Requirements** +Page 102 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.12.1.1 Telephony variants +Purpose: To define the variants of Telephony +Requirement: +There will be 2 variants of phone system. +Variant 1: Front User only Telephony. +Variant 2: Rear and Front Telephony. +All variants will have Bluetooth capability. The feature will be configurable so that the feature +can be disabled via car configuration. +**5.1.13 Wi-Fi** +This Wi-Fi subsystem controls registration, connection management, and device information +management between a wireless LAN device and infotainment system. +Necessary Wi-Fi specification in automotive use case is defined here. +**5.1.13.1 Use Cases** +5.1.13.1.1 Construct WiFi Network +In-Vehicle Infotainment systems constructs 3 types of Wi-Fi networks. +a\. STA +In-Vehicle Infotainment system acts as a STA (Station) and connects to an external network via +an Access Point. +It also connects to Access Points which support Wi-Fi Hotspot. +b\. AP +In-Vehicle Infotainment system acts as an AP (Access Point) and connects multiple Wi-Fi devices +with an external network. +Page 103 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It also connects Wi-Fi devices which support Wi-Fi Hotspot. +c\. P2P +In-Vehicle Infotainment system and Wi-Fi device makes P2P (Peer to Peer) connection using Wi- +Fi Direct. +5.1.13.1.2 Miracast +In-Vehicle Infotainment system and Wi-Fi device shares a display using Miracast.-(a) +They are also remotely operated to a Wi-Fi device from the infotainment system, or vice versa, +by using UIBC (User Interface Back Channel).-(b) +**Figure 8-29 : Overview of Miracast** +a\. Shared Displayed Content +Page 104 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Use case examples of shared displayed content are: +· +A passenger on the passenger seat views the multimedia content played on Wi-Fi Device +(e.g. Mobile) on In-Vehicle Infotainment system. +· +A rear seat passenger views the multimedia content played on In-Vehicle Infotainment +system on Wi-Fi Device(e.g. Rear seat monitor). +b\. Remote Operation +Use case examples of remote operation are: +· +A passenger on the passenger seat plays the multimedia content stored in Wi-Fi Device +(e.g. Mobile) by operating In-Vehicle Infotainment system. +· +A passenger on the rear seat controls air conditioner functionality in In-Vehicle +Infotainment system by operating a Wi-Fi Device (e.g. Mobile). +· +While the vehicle is in motion, a passenger on the rear seat controls the navigation +functionality in a passenger on the rear seat controls by operating a Wi-Fi Device(e.g. +Mobile). +5.1.13.1.3 DLNA +In-Vehicle Infotainment system connects with a DLNA device via Wi-Fi. +**5.1.13.2 Requirements** +5.1.13.2.1 Security +The WiFi module shall support security standard WEP. +It shall support 40 bit WEP encryption method. +It shall support 104 bit WEP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA Personal. +Page 105 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA2 Personal. +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA Enterprise. +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA2 Enterprise. +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +5.1.13.2.2 Simple Configuration +It shall comply with WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) standard. +It shall be able to perform connection with PIN (Personal Identification Number) method. +It shall support Configuration Method for Display. +Page 106 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall support Configuration Method for Keypad. +It shall be able to perform connection with PBC (Push button configuration) method. +It shall support Configuration Method for PushButton. +It shall be able to perform connection with NFC (Near Field Communication) method. +5.1.13.2.3 QoS +It shall comply with WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) standard. +It shall comply with WMM-PS (Wireless Multimedia Power Save) standard. +5.1.13.2.4 STA +The In-Vehicle system shall be able to function as a STA (Non-AP Station). +5.1.13.2.5 AP +The In-Vehicle system shall be able to function as an AP (Access Point). +5.1.13.2.6 WiFi Direct +It shall comply with Wi-Fi Direct standard. +It shall support the WiFi Direct functions as listed in Table 29. +Page 107 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Feature** > **(Reference)** + > + > **Support in Wi-** + > + > **Fi Direct** + ----------- ---------------------------------------------------- -------------------------- ------------------------ + > 1 > P2P Provision > ‑ > Mandatory + > + > Discovery + + > 2 > P2P Device Discovery > Scan Phase > Mandatory + + > 3 > ‑ > Find Phase > Mandatory + + > 4 > P2P GO Negotiation > ‑ > Mandatory + + > 5 > P2P Service Discovery > ‑ > Option + + > 6 > P2P Invitation > Temporary P2P Group > Option + + > 7 > ‑ > Persistent P2P Group > Option + + > 8 > Persistent P2P Group / Persistent Reconnect > Option + + > 9 > Intra-BSS Distribution > ‑ > Option + + > 10 > Concurrent Operation > ‑ > Option + + > 11 > P2P Service Discovery > UPnP > Option + + > 12 > ‑ > Bonjour > Option + + > 13 > ‑ > Wi-Fi Display > Option + + > 14 > ‑ > WS-Discovery > Option + + > 15 > ‑ > Vendor specific > Option + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.13.2.7 Miracast +Page 108 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > ‑**No.** > **Feature** > ‑ > **(Refere** + > + > **nce)** + > + > **Suppor** + > + > **t in** + > + > **Miracas** + > + > **t** + ------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------- + > 1 > WFD Device type > WFD Source > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 2 > ‑ > Primary Sink > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 3 > ‑ > Dual-role possible > Option + + > 4 > WFD Service > ‑ > Option + > + > Discovery + + > 5 > WFD connection establishment with Wi-Fi P2P > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 6 > WFD connection establishment with Wi-Fi TDLS > Option + + > 7 > Persistent WFD > via Wi-Fi P2P > Option + > + > Group + + > 8 > ‑ > via TDLS > Option + + > 9 > WFD Capability Negotiation (RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 10 > WFD Session Establishment (RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall comply with Miracast standard. +It shall support the Miracast functions identified in Table 30. +Page 109 of 159 + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 11 > AV Streaming and Control (MPEG-TS/RTP/RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + ------ --------------------------------------------------- ----------- ---------- + > 12 > WFD Standby (RTP/RTSP) > Option + + > 13 > Video CODEC formats > Option + + > 14 > Audio CODEC formats > Option + + > 15 > UIBC > Generic + + > 16 > HIDC + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.13.2.8 WiFi Hotspot +It shall comply with Wi-Fi Hotspot standard. +In-Vehicle system which acts as an a STA(Non-AP Station)shall be able to connect with Hotspot +service. +In-Vehicle system which acts as an AP (Access Point) shall be able to provide Hotspot service. +5.1.13.2.9 DLNA via WiFi +The In-Vehicle system shall be able to connect with DLNA devices via Wi-Fi. +**5.1.14 Window System** +A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user +interface. A window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing +Units (GPUs), input devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software +component named window manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, +and a routing of user interactions. +Page 110 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.2 Automotive Services +Automotive Services Layer contains services that are not found in a typical Linux distribution but +contains services specialized for automotive applications. +**5.2.1 Audio Services** +BTBF, equilization, mult-zone audio control, etc. +**5.2.2 Camera Services** +Standard interface to vehicle mounted cameras; backup camera, side and front cameras, etc. +**5.2.3 Configuration Services** +Service for storing configuration parameters. +**5.2.4 Diagnostic Services** +Diagnostic services. +(This is automotive diagnostics such as storing and retrieving DTC. ) +**5.2.5 Multimedia Services** +CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, MP3, etc. +(Factor out metadata into separate component.) +**5.2.5.1 Media Player** +In-vehicle multimedia system shall provide rich and robust user-experience that includes not just +Page 111 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +support of multiple audio-video formats, but also variety of input and output audio/video +devices, both static and dynamically pluggable. In contrast to mobile or desktop applications, +there is normally more than one consumer of multimedia content in a car, with front- and rear- +seat passengers as well as driver all having independent requirements. +The following requirements are considered essential for in-vehicle multimedia system: +· +Supported multimedia formats shall correspond to major end-user expectations, i.e. the +ones encountered in mobile and desktop world. +· +Multiple audio / video sources and sinks, both static (i.e. always existing in the system) +and dynamic (i.e. appearing and disappearing when user connects a Bluetooth headset or +establishes a network connection.) +· +Multiple independent consumers of multimedia data and globally configurable routing of +audio / video processing chains. +Latency requirements of audio/video processing may also vary depending on a type of the data +processed; e.g. data from rear-view camera shall be decoded and visualized “instantly” in +comparison to a movie clip displayed on rear-passenger monitor, voice notification from +navigation software shall not be delayed significantly, speech data passed to and from +Bluetooth headset during phone conversation shall have reasonably bounded latencies and so +on. +It is considered that multimedia system may consist of multiple processing units, and therefore +processing load balancing mechanism shall be present. Mechanisms of audio/video processing +offloading to dedicated processing units (hardware acceleration) shall be provisioned, with +particular implementation freedom left for a silicon vendor. +The following requirements formalize these considerations. +**5.2.5.2 Requirements** +5.2.5.2.1 Media Containers +AGL shall provide an API that allows handling of various media data within the system. This +includes audio/video playback and recording as well as media streaming over the network. It +shall be possible to run multiple media streams in parallel for all IVI users, with configurable +input/output devices routing. Multimedia framework does not necessarily need to be isolated +from application (that is, it may run in the same address space as application), however it shall +be guaranteed that independent applications using the framework are isolated from each other. +Page 112 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL shall provide support for extraction from media containers streams other than audio-visual, +for example subtitles. Application shall be able to retrieve timing information as well as stream +identification data from media container. +AGL shall provide support for major network streaming protocols such as: +· HTTP +· RTPS +· Digital Radio (DAB) +· DigitalTV (DVB-T) etc. +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported streaming protocols in accordance with +system requirements. +AGL shall provide a mechanism to utilize available hardware accelerators to offload +computationally extensive processing to specialized units in vendor-specific way. Such +extension, if available, shall be transparent to the applications. +Lip Synch must be implemented as plug-in software for Multimedia Framework. +AGL shall provide a mechanism to automatically detect type of media data contained in the +source file, and to instantiate all required components to organize data processing without +intervention of the application. It shall be, however, possible for application to control this +process if it is essential for its functionality. Example of such intervention would be selection of +particular audio track (in user-chosen language) or selection of particular video stream from +multiple choices. +AGL shall provide an API to control execution of audio/video processing chain, specifically shall +support the following functionality: +· +Selection of data source and destination (files, devices, network resources) +· Pausing/resuming of multimedia streams +· Rewinding in forward and reverse directions (for playback) +· Audio volume control on per-stream basis +· Retrieval of current stream position (timestamp) +Page 113 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· +Notifications on error conditions preventing multimedia stream processing +AGL shall provide a mechanism to specify routing of input and output devices that are involved +into multimedia data processing. In particular, for playback scenario it shall be possible to +specify where audio and video data is rendered, and for recording scenario it shall be possible to +specify capturing source. It shall be possible to organize broadcasting of decoded raw +audio/video streams to multiple renderers as well. +AGL shall include a dedicated sound server that simplifies routing, mixing, post-processing and +synchronization of raw PCM audio streams. Specifically, the following functionality is expected: +· +Support for multiple audio sources and audio sinks with arbitrary (configurable) routing. +· Per-stream volume and audio effects control. +· +Resampling and format conversion (e.g. channels downmixing, sample width conversion). +· +Sample-accurate streams synchronization (e.g. for echo-cancellation purpose). +· Mixing and broadcasting of the audio streams. +AGL shall provide a mechanism to control sound server configuration in run-time, that is, to +specify the rules and policies defining system response to external events like adding or +removing of new audio device (e.g. Bluetooth headset connection), receiving of the phone call, +emergency system alarm output and so on. +AGL shall provide support for major multimedia containers, such as: +· MPEG2-TS/PS (ISO/IEC 13818-1) +· MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14, ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003) +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported multimedia formats in accordance with +system requirements. +It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional optional multimedia containers such as: +· OGG (RFC 3533) +· 3GPP (ISO/IEC 14496-12) +· etc +Page 114 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.2.5.2.2 Media Audio Codecs +AGL shall provide support for major audio codecs, such as: +· +MP3 (MPEG-1/2 Audio Layer-3, ISO/IEC 11172-3, ISO/IEC 13818-3) +· AAC (ISO/IEC 13818-7, ISO/IEC 14496-3) +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported audio codecs in accordance with system +requirements. +It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional audio codecs, such as: +· VORBIS (http://xiph.org/vorbis/) +· Windows Media Audio +· etc. +5.2.5.2.3 Media Video Codecs +AGL shall provide support for major video codecs, such as: +· MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818-2) +· MPEG-4 Part 2 (ISO/IEC 14496-2) +· H.264 (MPEG-4 Part10, ISO/IEC 14496-10, ITU-T H.264) +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported video codecs in accordance with system +requirements. +It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional video codecs, such as: +· Theora (www.theora.org) +· Windows Media Video +· etc +5.2.5.2.4 Image File Formats +Page 115 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in BMP, up to 32 bit true +colour. +Compression formats +· RLE 8 bits/pixel +· RLE 4 bits/pixel +· Bit field or Huffman 1D compression +· JPEG or RLE-24 +· PNG +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on Viewing of Image in JPEG/JPEG 2000 +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in JPEG XR/HD, including +Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) format. +The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on Viewing of Image in PNG, +including transparency +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in GIF 87a and enhanced +version 89a and also animation in GIFF images. +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing images in TIFF format. +The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in WBMP +format. +The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in WBMP +format. +**5.2.6 Navigation Services** +Navigation engine +Page 116 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**5.2.7 PIM** +Personal Information Manager; calendar, appointments, reminders, etc. +**5.2.8 Smartphone Link** +This section describes regarding Smartphone link. Smartphone Link is the technology which +realizes that video and audio streaming play which data from smartphone. And touch operation +is possible to share between IVI and smartphone. MirrorLink, Miracast, SmartDeviceLink and +AirPlay are technologies that realize Smartphone Link. By this technology, it is possible to use +smartphone content (map, music, browser...) by IVI. +Figure 8-30 shows the system structure of the Smartphone Link. +**Figure: 8-30** +Page 117 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL defines following requirements of Smartphone link. +1. The screen of smartphone shall be mirrored to IVI. +2. The sound of smartphone shall be linked to IVI. +3. The sound shall be synchronized with the screen. +4. IVI should operate smartphone. +5. The response time of operations from IVI should be less than 200ms. +6. If connection between smart phone and ivi was disconnected by external factor, then should +inform the "disconnection" to a user and return to the normal state. +This document describes “Miracast” and “SmartDeviceLink” from the reference of Smartphone +link. +**5.2.8.1 Miracast** +This section describes requirements regarding Smartphone link (Miracast). +Miracast is the display transfer technology using wireless connection which was defined by Wi- +Fi Alliance. Send screen data from source device to sink device and it realize display sharing +between source device and sink device. +Following figure (Figure: 8‑31) shows the system structure of Miracast. +**Figure: 8-31** +Page 118 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Requires** > **Description** + ------------ ----------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- + > SPL.1.1 > WFD Topology > Define role of Miracast + + > SPL.1.2 > Connection Topology > Define connection condition between + > + > a smartphone and an IVI + + > SPL.1.2. > P2P Topology > Define connection method of P2P (Wi-Fi + > > + > 1 > Direct). + + > SPL.1.2. > Wi-Fi Frequency > Define Wi-Fi frequency + > + > 2 + + > SPL.1.3 > Video Format > Define Video format + + > SPL.1.4 > Audio Format > Define Audio format + + > SPL.1.5 > Session Control > Define Miracast session state + + > SPL.1.6 > Link Content Protection > Define content protection function required + > + > for implementing Miracast + + > SPL.1.7 > Resource Management > Define resource management + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Follow reference documents to support Miracast if there was no description of this section. +**References** +\[1\] Wi-Fi Display Technical Specification Version 1.0.0 +\[2\] W-Fi Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Technical Specification Version 1.2 +\[3\] High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System Interface Independent Adaption Revision +2.2 +\[4\] DCP (Digital Content Protection) <http://www.digital-cp.com/> +AGL provide display sharing technology between Smartphone and IVI system using Miracast. +Page 119 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +SPL.1.8 Fail-safe Control Define Fail-safe control +**Table 8-14: Smartphone Link (Miracast) Requirements** +**Figure: 8-32 State Change Diagram** +The states of Smartphone link (Miracast) is defined in Table 8-32. +Page 120 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **State** > **Description** + ----------- ------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Idle > Smartphone link (Miracast) function is not initialized. + + > 2 > Initialized > Smartphone link (Miracast) function is initialized and + > + > waiting for Wi-Fi P2P connection from source + > + > device. + + > 3 > Connected Wi-Fi P2P > Established Wi-Fi P2P connection with source + > + > device. + + > 4 > Initiated > Smartphone link (Miracast) session is established. + + > 5 > Play > Streaming the audio and video content from source + > + > device to sink device. + + > 6 > Pause > Paused the streaming of audio and video content + > + > from source divide to sink device. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**5.2.8.2 Smart Device Link** +“Smart Device Link”, aka “SDL”, is template based approach of smartphone link capability. +Application itself is in a mobile phone, however, HMI is provided by IVI system. This approach +makes it possible to apply IVI adapted user experience, such as larger button to prevent driver’s +distraction and voice recognition. +That means, application requests to IVI system, then IVI system will respond by using remote +procedure calls. Application’s HMI will be rendered by IVI system by using IVI’s HMI framework +and/or policy, though all the application’s logic is contained in mobile phone. +SDL provides more suitable HMI for IVI rather than mirroring type approach, however, mobile +phone’s application must support SDL capability. In other words, only SDL supported +applications can be launched. +Page 121 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Figure 8-33 : SDL overview** +**5.2.8.3 Requirements** +5.2.8.3.1 Miracast +System must provide a capability of Miracast as smartphone link function. +· +Support WFD Primary Sink and support MPEG2-TS(Video, Audio) streaming play which +from Source Device‑Smartphone‑. +· Supporting WFD Source is an option. +· +Support customize function using “Miracast setting file” which used for negotiation (\*1) +source device and sink device (\*1. Video format, audio format and other parameters). +· +Screen data which from Smartphone may not support Drivers Destruction, therefore take +measures to Drivers Destruction. (e.g. Disable Miracast during vehicle speed over +5Km/H) +· Support Wi-Fi P2P connection. +· +Follow reference \[1\] and reference \[2\] to support Wi-Fi P2P function, parameters in +Miracast connection and so on if there was no description of this section. +· Wi-Fi TDLS connection is an option. +· +AGL do not define confliction specification regarding Wi-Fi connection. (e.g. User select +Wi-Fi P2P connect ion during accessing Wi-Fi connection.) +· +AGL do not define confliction specification regarding Sink device operation when receive +Page 122 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +connection request from Source device. (e.g. Connect automatically, ask user for +confirmation) +· +Support P2P Group Owner and P2P client as the topology of Wi-Fi P2P connection. +· +Support DHCP server and DHCP client for TCP/IP seamless connection after P2P +connection established. +· +Support 2.4GHz band for the frequency of Wi-Fi P2P connection. +· +Supporting 5GHz band is an option, but support DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) +function if support 5GHz band. +· Follow reference \[1\] for Video Codec. +· Support follow format for Video Resolution and Frame rate. +o 640\*480‑VGA‑‑Progressive 60 fps +o 1280\*720‑HD‑Progressive 30 fps +Regarding Video resolution and Frame rate, other formats are an option. +· Support follow format for Audio. +o LPCM 48ksps 16bit 2ch +o AAC 48ksps 16bit 2ch +Regarding Audio Format, other formats are an option. +When the state changes "Pause", take measures to give notice of pause for user. (e.g. pop-up +notification) +Screen data which from Smartphone may be protected by content protection, therefore support +content protection function. +· +AGL recommend HDCP function which described reference \[2\], \[3\]. But AGL do not +define HDCP function. Each vendor should support content protection function as for +Page 123 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +vendor’s own reason. +· Support both encryption cases if support HDCP function. +o Case1 Videos data encryption +o Case2 Both video and audio encryption +Take notice that it is necessary to satisfy security requirements specified according to +DCP.(reference \[4\]) +· +Miracast must support interruption by other function. If some high priority event occurs, +then Miracast release screen and audio resources for the event. +· +It is selectable how to deal Miracast session. (Standby Miracast session or close Miracast +session.) +· +Support a notification to a user and returning to the normal state, if following events +happen. +o Failed to Wi-Fi connection +o Failed to establish Miracast session +o Wi-Fi link loss on Miracast +o Break Miracast connection from smartphone +5.2.8.3.2 Smart Device Link +System must provide a capability of Smart Device Link as smartphone link function. +System must provide a mechanism to render HMI of SDL according to template. +System must provide a mechanism to enable user interface regarding SDL by using touch panel +device of IVI device. +System must provide a mechanism to enable user interface regarding SDL by using voice +Page 124 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +recognition of IVI system. +System must provide a mechanism to link Android device regarding SDL capability. Connectivity +method must be supported Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi. +System must provide a mechanism to link iPhone device regarding SDL capability. Connectivity +method must be supported Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi. +**5.2.9 Speech Services** +The Speech Services module provides voice recognition and synthesis for AGL applications. +AGL system voice framework must be able to record and interpret voice commands +AGL system voice framework must be able to convert text to synthesized speech +**5.2.10 Tuner Services** +The Tuner Services module provides a mechanism that allows different tuner types to plug into +the same API regardless of the receiver type. Support for AM/FM, HD Radio, SDARS, DAB, DRM, +TV Tuners etc is provided. The Tuner Services module shall allow multiple tuners to be present +in the same system and allow its clients to address each tuner in the system independently. +**5.2.10.1 Receivers** +The Receivers module of Automotive Grade Linux may control different receiver types including +AM, FM, Hybrid Digital (HD) Radio, SDARS, and DAB tuners. The module may access any +number of different tuners. For all tuner types the module supports accessing station data from +the tuner, changing the receiver frequency or station and reading station metadata about current +content. +The Receivers module shall provide a mechanism that allows different tuner types to plug into +the same API regardless of the receiver type. +Page 125 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The Receivers module shall allow multiple receivers to be present in the same system and allow +its clients to address each receiver in the system independently. +5.2.10.1.1 HD Radio +HD Radio is a proprietary In-Band on Channel (IBOC) system created and owned by Ibiquity. An +HD radio receives analog AM/FM signals and can also use digital information in a subband to +provide additional stations and/or enhance the audio quality of the main station. When the +receiver is decoding digital data for AM/FM playback it is commonly thought of as HD Radio. The +HD Radio system architecture shall conform to the broadcast system design proposed by the +iBiquity Digital Corporation detailed in RX\_SSFD\_5029. Both the HD hardware and functional +design shall meet all iBiquity Digital specifications, and satisfy the Type Approval specified by +iBiquity Digital. +The IBOC hardware is assumed to have three modes which will be used to describe the +requirements in this section. +1) AM - radio is decoding an over the air AM station. +2) FM - radio is decoding an over the air FM station. +3) HD - radio is decoding an AM or FM station using the subband for the over the air station. +Each requirement may refer to AM and/or FM and/or HD to specify the modes the requirement is +applicable to. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the HD radio reception and present the status +to the system. +AM/FM/HD tuner shall be able to tune to a specified frequency and report the result of the +tuning process. The possible results are, Tuning successful and Tuning unsuccessful. If Tuning +successful event is notified by the tuner, it shall play the audio through the selected audio +output. If tuner notifies the Tuning unsuccessful event, the system shall inform that "No +Reception" is available in that specific channel. +AM system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +the system, which shall be added in the station database. +Page 126 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Frequency +· Mono/Stereo +FM system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +the system, which shall be added in the station database. +· Frequency +· PI Code (RDS only) +· PTY (RDS only) +· Radio Text (RDS only) +· PS Name (RDS only) +· Category (RDS only) +· Mono/Stereo +HD system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +the system, which shall be added in the station database. +· Frequency +· PTY +· No of HD channels available +· Radio Text +· Channel Name +· Category +· Bit rate +· Station Logo +· Artist Experience +The System shall allow the tuned frequency to be incremented or decremented. +The System shall be able to tune to the next/previous valid station as determined by signal +strength. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to abort Seek Up/Down operations. +Page 127 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +FM/HD system shall be able to set the stop sensitivity for seek over FM band and shall be +possible to adjust by software. +· Range: 15 – 40 dBµV +· Step: 1 dBµV +· Default: 20 dBµV +· +Other parameters like multipath shall be possible to use for determining Stop sensitivity +level. TBD, Supplier to suggest solution. +AM/HD system shall be able to set the stop sensitivity for seek over AM band and shall be +possible to adjust by software. +· Range: 20 – 40 dBµV +· Step: 1 dBµV +· Default: 34 dBµV +· +It shall be possible to have different setting depending on atmospheric conditions (e.g. +different for night and day). +The system shall be able to switch between AM and FM bands. +HD system shall be able to extract the Station Information Service (SIS) Short Name from the +SIS Protocol Data Unit (PDU) on the Primary IBOC Data Service (PIDS) logical channel and +present to the system. The implementation of SIS Short Name feature shall be in compliance +with iBiquity Digital specification "HD Radio™ Air Interface Design Description Station +Information Service Transport". +HD system shall be able to extract the Station Information Service (SIS) Long Name from the +SIS Protocol Data Unit (PDU) on the Primary IBOC Data Service (PIDS) logical channel and +present to the system. The implementation of SIS Long Name feature shall be in compliance +with iBiquity Digital specification "HD Radio™ Air Interface Design Description Station +Information Service Transport". +HD system shall indicate the HD channel number of current tuned channel. It shall be 1 to 8. +Page 128 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +HD system shall extract the following PAD data from audio stream and present to the system. +· Song +· Artist +· Album +· Genre +· Comments +· Commercial +· Reference Identifier +The system implementation shall be in compliance with iBiquity Digital HD radio specification +"HD Radio Air Interface Design Description - Program Service Data Rev. C" +FM/HD system shall be able to receive and extract the RDS/RBDS data and present to the +system. The system implementation shall be in compliance with "BS EN 62106:2009, +Specification of the radio data system (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting in the frequency +range from 87,5 MHz to 108,0 MHz". +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable RDS/RBDS. When RDS/RBDS is enabled/disabled +the system shall indicate this. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the radio text display. +FM/HD system shall present the Alternative Frequency (AF) setting status to the system. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable alternative frequency switching. +FM/HD system shall be able to notify the system when an Emergency Alert Interrupt is received. +FM/HD system shall be able to skip the Emergency Alert when it is on-air. +FM/HD system shall be able to notify the system when Emergency Alert Interrupt is received +through RDS. +Page 129 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +FM/HD system shall be able to cancel the PTY31 interrupt notification. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Traffic Announcement reception. +FM/HD system shall present the status of the FM traffic announcement to the system. +FM/HD system shall be able to skip the FM traffic announcement when it is on-air. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable regionalisation. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Traffic Message Channel (TMC) reception. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Transport Protocol Expert Group (TPEG) +reception. +FM/HD system shall be able to receive the traffic updates from the Japanese traffic channels. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the News announcement reception. +FM/HD system shall be able to skip the News when being broadcast. +HD system shall decode PNG images which shall be in compliance with HD Design specification. +HD system shall be able to decode the channel icon PNG images and present to the system. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to mute the audio output. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to un-mute the audio output. +*HD system shall extract the album name, artist name, track number from the audio stream a*nd +Page 130 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +present to the system. +The feature will store the data of a tagged song in non-volatile memory within the IMC. The +feature will be able to store at least 50 tags. +*5.2.10.1.1.1 Configuration* +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the frequency band through local configuration +file. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the step frequency through local configuration file. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the seek stop level threshold through local +configuration file. +5.2.10.1.2 Database Requirements +AM/FM/HD system shall require a database to store the channel list information which contains +the following attributes: +· Frequency +· PTY (FM & HD only) +· Channel name (FM & HD only) +· Channel icon (HD Only) +· Category (FM & HD only) +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to update the channel list database based on the following +conditions: +· New channel is found +· Existing channel disappears +· +Channel list update shall not create any inconsistency on the current channel list +database. +Page 131 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AM/FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the channel name, and present +to the system. +AM/FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the ascending order of the +frequency, and present to the system. +FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the PTY (Program Type) category, +and present to the system. +AM/FM/HD system shall create favourite station database which consists of the following +information: +· Station name (FM and HD only) +· Frequency +· Status of HD (HD, HD1, HD2) +· HD SIS (HD only) +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to update the database based on following conditions: +· Favourite station changed +· Favourite station is removed +· New favourite is added +**5.2.11 Vehicle Bus / Vehicle Info Control** +Vehicle Info Control (VIC) provides a capability to access to various vehicle properties from +applications and/or other middleware. Standardized interfaces are provided to vehicle CAN, and +LIN bus. Figure 7-27 describes overall architecture of Vehicle Info Control. The main purpose of +VIC is to provide API to application and/or middleware. Vehicle Info Control has four main +functions. +· Vehicle Data Processing +· Communication between ECUs +· Vehicle Data Upload +Page 132 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Simulator +**Figure 7-27 : Overview of Vehicle Info Control** +**5.2.11.1 Vehicle Data Processing** +Vehicle data is the information about the vehicle itself, and the information in cars (for example, +personal information on a driver, etc.). VIC deals with all the information which application +and/or middleware need within vehicles. The following data is contained in these. +· +Vehicle information about the vehicles itself, such as speed, a shift position,‑temperature +· User Information, such as a name, taste, etc. of a driver +· The operation history of a driver +Page 133 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· +The operation state of the vehicles which middleware determined based on vehicle +conditions, such as speed and day and night +Vehicles data processing consists of the following functional elements further. +(1) Abstraction of Vehicles Data +In VIC, all vehicles data is treated as abstract data. it concerns and comes out of this to the kind +of car, or the country of the destination. For example, though speed is detected at the revolving +speed of the wheel, in VIC, vehicles data is abstracted and treated at speed and it provides for +application and/or middleware. Thereby, application and/or middleware can treat the vehicles +data of the same implications and the same unit. +(2) Maintenance of Vehicles Data +Each abstracted vehicles data is held. The vehicles data to hold is a current value and the past +value (history). +(3) Application / Middleware Interface (API) +The accessing function of the vehicles data from application and/or middleware is offered as API. +Acquisition of the current value of vehicles data or the past history, a setup of vehicles data, and +the change notice function of vehicles data are included in this. However, each vehicles data +restricts the application and/or middleware which can be accessed according to the importance +(access control). +(4) Vehicles Interface +It is a function for managing the various data of vehicles of in-vehicle networks, such as CAN +and FlexRay, etc. The component in which the exchange with actual vehicles performs the +exchange with vehicles by a vehicle type since it is various is not included in requirements. +However, the correspondence procedure of it and VIC is specified. It assumes that two or more +Vehicle Interface is prepared depending on a communication method with vehicles, etc. In +addition, the vehicles data which can be accessed for every Vehicles Interface is restricted. +**5.2.11.2 Communications between ECUs** +Page 134 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +When a system consists of two or more ECUs, the vehicles data managed by ECU other than +ECU in which application and/or middleware are working shall also be treated. For this reason, +vehicle information processing communicates with it of other ECUs. Thereby, application and/or +middleware can be treated, without caring about by which ECU required vehicles data is +acquired. In addition, the communication function between ECUs also restricts the vehicle data +which each ECU can access. +**5.2.11.3 Vehicle Data Upload** +When a system consists of two or more ECUs, the vehicles data managed by ECU other than +ECU in which application and/or middleware are working shall also be treated. For this reason, +vehicle information processing communicates with it of other ECUs. Thereby, application and/or +middleware can be treated, without caring about by which ECU required vehicles data is +acquired. In addition, the communication function between ECUs also restricts the vehicle data +which each ECU can access. +**5.2.11.4 Simulator** +In the development environment of application and/or middleware, since actual vehicles data is +unacquirable, it is preparing the simulator which imitated actual vehicles, and makes +development environment construction easy. By a simulator, it assumes using the steering wheel +controller for PC games. Since this function is an object for development environment, let it be +an option. +**5.2.11.5 Requirements** +The system must hold vehicle information and must offer the mechanism in which application +and/or middleware can access vehicle information. +The system must provide application and/or middleware with vehicle information as an abstract +property. For example, the speed of vehicles must be not the number of rotations of a wheel but +the speed of a car. +System must provide a mechanism to add or delete vehicle property easily. +Page 135 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must support typical vehicle property as “standard property”. +As for a standard property, it is desirable for the same attribute name to be the same meaning. +System must provide a mechanism to add or delete custom vehicle property easily. +A custom property is a property which a system donor can add uniquely in addition to a standard +property. +Let the unit of the value of Vehicle Info Data be an international unit(meter, gram, …etc) +The value of Vehicle Info Data should have sufficient accuracy which application and/or +middleware need. For example, when a unit is made into Km/h, an integral value is not enough +as the accuracy of Velocity. It is necessary to change Km/h into MPH in the country of a mile +display. Moreover, it is because the error of the speed display is defined by law. +A vehicle information control facility requires the mechanism in which vehicle information is +stored. A lot of events generate some information at high speed. About such information, the +load to a system has few directions processed collectively. Moreover, when data is taken and +spilt by an application, the structure which can carry out recovery is required. +It is not realistic to accumulate all the information that changes at high speed. For this reason, In +corresponding to neither of the following, it shall not store the change data. +· +The amount of change of a value. It is not accumulated when the difference from the +accumulated newest value is less than a threshold value. +· +Lapsed time from the last change It does not accumulate, if time has not passed since the +newest accumulation. +About each vehicle information, the threshold value and cumulative dosage of accumulation need +to be able to set up easily. +In addition, it also makes it possible not to accumulate specific vehicle information. +System must provide an interface to application and/or middleware regarding vehicle property +access. +System must provide an interface to retrieve vehicle property from application and/or +middleware. +Page 136 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Below attributes must include in this interface +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Value +· +Timestamp - Timestamp specifies last updated time of corresponded vehicle property. +System must provide an interface to set abstracted value to vehicle property from application +and/or middleware. +Below attributes must include in this interface. +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Value +System must provide an interface to subscribe status change of vehicle property from +application and/or middleware. +When status changed, system must invoke callback function with below attributes. +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Value +· Timestamp +· Sequence number +Timestamp specifies last updated time of corresponded vehicle property. +Sequence number is useful to check event order. +The acceptable value of change can be specified for vehicle information about the notice of +change of vehicle information. +In order to lower system-wide load, it will not notify, if it is change which is less than an +acceptable value even if vehicle information changes. +For example, although engine number of rotations changes every moment, in the case of the +application which displays it in 20 steps, it is not necessary to know less than several percent of +change. +Page 137 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall not notify the change, in corresponding to neither of the following. +· +The amount of change of a value - It does not notify, if the amount of change of the +value from the last notice of change is less than specification. +· +Lapsed time from the last change - From the last notice of change, if it is less than a +definite period of time, it does not notify. +Depending on application, the notice with a fixed cycle is more convenient than the notice at the +time of change. +What is notified only the specified cycle even if it changes two or more times into the specified +notice interval is made possible. +The data stored is acquired collectively. +Below attributes must include in this interface. +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Values +· Timestamps +It is desirable that the time range to acquire can be specified. For example, data from 10 +seconds before to the present, data from 13:20 to 14:00, etc. +There is an attribute for which change/reference is simultaneously needed in relation to mutual +in vehicle information. For example, latitude, longitude, and an altitude are changed +simultaneously. If these pieces of vehicle information is changed and referred to individually, the +newest longitude may acquire the value in front of one, and a current position may be unable to +recognize latitude correctly. For this reason, it is necessary to summarize the vehicle information +relevant to mutual and to access it. +Access of ones of those vehicle information is deterred until renewal of all the vehicle +information included in Property Set at the time of a setup of vehicle information is completed, +and renewal of ones of those vehicle information is deterred until it completes acquisition of all +those vehicle information at the time of reference. +The definition of the vehicle information included in Property Set is being able to change easily. +Or the thing which can be changed from a program during operation. +Page 138 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism of access control per each property. For example, property +"velocity" can be accessed from only application A and B, but property "turn signal" can be +accessed from all applications. +System must also provide a mechanism of access control per each method even if same +property. For example, about "seat setting", all applications can get this property, but only +application C can set this property. +Permission for each property and method must be configurable easily. Because, access control +policy may be different per car type, grade and destination. +System must provide a mechanism to enable routing any vehicle property both within same ECU +and across two or more ECU’s. +If a Property Change event is received from VIC, change can be notified to all the applications, +middleware and other VICs which are subscribing change of the vehicle information. In addition, +the notice of change must be able to be distributed also to the application and/or middleware +which exist in a different ECU. +VIC can be requested to set the value specified as Property. +It can set, even if it exists on ECU from which an application and VIC differ. +The newest value can be returned immediately, without asking VIC to the acquisition demand +from an application. For this reason, keep the newest value of each Property. +Even if it is in ECU from which VIC of the Property differs, the demand from an application +responds. +It can exchange with two or more VICs. Addition and deletion of Data Provider can be performed +easily. +The data exchange between ECUs should be permitted by VIC. +All data transmission and reception from other Software Component are refusing. +Page 139 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The system should have a mechanism which communicates the stored vehicles. +The vehicle information to upload is being able to choose. +A selection condition is that the following specification is possible at least. +· Date-and-time range +· Object vehicles data +· The change threshold value of vehicles data +Enable change of selection of vehicle information easily. As for this, it is desirable for it to be +able to change dynamically from an external. +The simulator of vehicles data using the steering wheel controller for PC games, etc. as +substitution of actual vehicles in development environment is prepared. +Car Simulator is being able to notify the following vehicles data to vehicles data processing +activities through a vehicles interface function at least. +· Speed +· Shift position +· The direction of vehicles +· Latitude and longitude of a current position +· Turn signal +The steering wheel controller for PC games to be used is being able to obtain easily. Moreover, +it is desirable that two or more steering wheel controllers can be used. +VIC should fill the following performance specifications and performance. +It is a value on condition of H/W assumed that the following values will be used for in-vehicle +information machines and equipment in 2016. +Page 140 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Maximum number of properties : 4,096 +· Maximum number of property sets: 1,024 +· Greatest data storage time : 12 hours +It is a value on condition of H/W assumed that the following values will be used for in-vehicle +information machines and equipment in 2016. +· Get/Set method(one property) - 0.2ms +· Get/Set method(property set include 30 properties) -1.3ms +· Subscribe callback - 2.5ms (after change of a value) +· +GetHistory method(for within 3 minutes after the present) - 0.2ms +· +GetHistory method (older than 3 minutes from the present) - 50ms +VIC is being able to change without having composition which has pliability and extendibility +about the vehicles data to manage, and reconstructing the whole VIC about the kind and +attribute of vehicles data. +Vehicle Interface treats various kinds of in-vehicle LAN and sensors, and they are mounted by +various H/W according to a maker or a vehicle type. For this reason, VIC needs to be able to add +and change Vehicle Interface without reconstruction of VIC. +Abstraction of vehicles data is the duty of Vehicle Interface in principle. This is because it is +necessary to change the concreteness data depending on H/W of in-vehicle LAN or sensors. +However, an abstract vehicles data value may be decided by combination of the concreteness +vehicles data from two or more Vehicle Interface. In this case, VIC needs to change two or more +concreteness vehicles data into one abstract vehicles data. +Since this conversion is dependent on H/W of in-vehicle LAN or sensors, so it cannot be +mounted in the VIC itself. +In order to solve this, suppose that the mechanism in which such a conversion module can be +added without reconstruction of VIC is prepared for VIC. +**5.2.12 Telematics Services** +V2V, V2I, RVI, Traffic information, etc. +Page 141 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**5.2.13 Window System** +A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user +interface. A window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing +Units (GPUs), input devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software +component named window manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, +and a routing of user interactions. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multiple windows on a display. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multiple windows owned by multiple +processes to be rendered on a display. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support rendering to off-screen buffer to +achieve flicker less rendering. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support composition of windows with off- +screen buffers. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support a translucent window, i.e. underlying +objects underneath the translucent window is visible depending on the alpha values of pixels. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall make OpenGL/ES 2.0 API compliant to Khronos +group available to clients for their rendering. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that uses only public +APIs provided by Window System and OpenGL/ES 2.0 for rendering and user interaction. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support window manager that is replaceable by +configuration. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall provide a window system that abstracts the +*underlying display subsystem and GPU. AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall hav*e a +Page 142 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +window manager that relies on a standard rendering API such as OpenGL/ES 2.0 only. The +window manager shall not rely on any hardware specific API. A window system and OpenGL/ES +2.0 API are responsible for a hardware abstraction. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multi-headed display where available. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support mirroring of windows to multiple +displays. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support hardware layers, such as DRM planes, +where available. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall compose windows using available hardware +acceleration capabilities. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support management of windows and inputs +from users depending on statuses of a vehicle. The statuses of vehicle include a speed of a +vehicle, a motion of a vehicle, etc. For instance, the inputs may needs to be limited while the +vehicle reaches to the certain speed. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall abstract physical input devices such as buttons, +a touch panel, a control knob etc. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support On-screen keyboard which takes input +from available physical input devices. +**6 Security Services** +Security framework +6.1 Access Control +Access Control describes requirements for AGL Access Control. +Page 143 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Access control is a mechanism to grant / deny access to APIs/files in the system. +**6.1.1 Requirements** +AGL system must support a system-wide access control mechanism. +**7 Operating System Layer** +7.1 Kernel +**7.1.1 Linux Kernel** +Automotive Grade Linux uses the Linux Kernel. The kernel is constantly evolving with a new +release about every sixty days. The automotive industry has design cycles of three to five years +for IVI systems. Somehow a balance must be struck between updating operating system and +kernel every few months and keeping up to date with modern features that the kernel and the +rest of the open source community provides, +**7.1.1.1 Requirements** +AGL kernel shall be based on Long Term Support Initiative (LTSI) kernel. +At the moment LTSI kernel is the only open source/public kernel that gets closer to automotive +industry needs – it has certain automotive industry demanded components integrated, it is fully +aligned with Linux LTS trees so it leverages security fixes and/or generic bugfixes adapted by +Linux community, LTSI kernel merge window is more flexible to industry demands and allow to +accumulate wider set of features, components and bugfixes relevant for industry (comparing to +regular Linux kernel merge/release cycle). LTSI kernel is thoroughly validated manually and with +the help of automated tools to track and discover anomalies and regressions. +AGL development process should utilize bug tracker with ability to mark bugs as open/fixed on +particular distribution branches. Open bugs should have direct impact on release decisions. +Page 144 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +7.2 Boot Loader +7.3 Hypervisor +TBD. Need to add very basic “background” regarding virtualization, explain about OS-level +virtualization/isolation, then about type1/type2 hypervisors (virtualization). In modern IVI +systems OS-level virtualization is widely used (applications isolation, combination of Android +and Linux apps together), future – maybe Linux/IVI + ADAS + Instrument Cluster = guests on +top type1 hypervisor. +**7.3.1 Requirements** +AGL shall provide OS-level mechanisms for running multiple isolated instances (containers) that +have its own directory structure, network devices, IP addresses and process table. The +processes running in other containers shall not be visible from inside a container. +AGL Linux should be configurable to work as Type-1 “bare-metal” hypervisor “guest”. Following +functionality shall be supported by AGL Linux “guest”: +· IPC (with hypervisor and other “guests”) +· +“paravirtualized” device drivers for peripherals shared with other “guests” (unless +virtualization abstraction is supported by hardware) +7.4 Operating System +**7.4.1 File Systems** +File system (FS) requirements for AGL concentrate on Reliability, Accessibility, and Serviceability +as their main characteristics. +· +*Reliability*means data integrity protection, automatic error detection and correction, +tolerance to power failures, robustness under stress I/O load in multi-process +environment, extended lifetime via use of wear leveling and bad block management +techniques. +Page 145 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **FS Requirements** > **R-FS References** + ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------ + > 6. File Systems (P1) > 2. btrfs + > > + > 6.1. Robust File System for managed internal > 2.1. + > > + > storage (P1) > btr + > > + > 6.1.1. Power failure tolerance (P1) > fsc + > > + > 6.1.2. Quick recovery after power loss > k + > > + > (P1) > 3. ext2 + > > + > 6.1.3. Multi-threaded I/O (P1) > 3.1. + > > + > 6.1.4. On-demand integrity checker (P1) > e2 + > > + > 6.1.5. Read-only mode (P1) > def + > > + > 6.1.6. Non-blocking unmounting (P1) > rag + > > + > 6.1.7. Means for optimizing I/O > 4. ext3 + > > + > performance if it may degrade under > 5. ext4 + > > + > certain conditions. (P2) > 5.1. + > > + > 6.1.8. File space pre-allocation (P2) > e4 + > > + > 6.1.9. Meta-data error detection (P2) > def + > > + > 6.1.10. File data error detection (P2) > rag + > > + > 6.1.11. Online integrity checking (P2) > 5.2. + > > + > 6.1.12. Write timeout control (P2) > e2f + > > + > 6.1.13. Compression support (P2) > sck + > > + > 6.1.14. Quota support (P2) > 6. vfat + > > + > 6.1.15. I/O process priority (P2) > 7. UBIFS + > > + > 6.1.16. File system event notifications > 8. Generic + > + > tools and + > + > APIs + > + > 8.1. + > + > fan + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· +*Accessibility*means ability to use external storage devices, as well as accessing +designated parts of internal file system over secure wired or wireless connections. +· +*Serviceability*means ability to upgrade AGL as a whole or by updating individual +packages, and availability of file system checking and optimization tools. +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +(P2) +6.1.17. Logical block size control (P2) +6.1.18. Snapshots (P2) +6.2. File System for non-managed internal +storage (P1) + +May 28, 2015 + +otif + +y + +8.2. + +fst + +rim + +6.2.1. All P1 requirements from +FS.1.1.x list (P1) +6.2.2. Wear leveling (P1) +6.2.3. Error detection/correction (P1) +6.2.4. Tolerance to flipping bits (P1) +6.2.5. Read/write disturb awareness +(P1) +6.2.6. Bad block management (P1) +6.2.7. As many P2 requirements from +FS.1.1.x list as possible (P2) +6.2.8. Wear leveling statistics (P2) +6.3. File Systems for removable storage (P1) +6.3.1. Restricted functionality from +security point of view (P1) +6.3.2. Automount/autounmount (P1) +6.3.3. Automatic synchronous flushing +of modified data to physical media (P2) +**7.4.1.1 Requirements** +AGL shall provide a set of file systems to support the following types of storage devices: +internal managed (SSD, eMMC, etc.), internal non-managed (raw NOR and NAND FLASH +memory), removable managed (USB stick, SD card). +AGL shall provide robust file system suitable for use on managed internal storage devices, +Page 147 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL shall provide robust file system suitable for use on non-managed internal storage devices, +AGL shall provide a set of file systems popular on removable media devices. +A system must be able to withstand power failures under heavy load of meta-data-intensive, +and data-intensive operations, including power-failures during OS startup, and shutdown. +A file system must be able to restore good data and meta-data state after unexpected power +interruption without performing the full time-consuming integrity check. Such recovery should +not add more than a second to the normal boot process after power failure on idle system. +Normally this is achieved via journal- or log-based (also known as transactional or copy-on- +write) operation. +A file system must be able to handle meta-data-intensive, and data-intensive I/O from multiple +threads and/or processes simultaneously. +A file system must have integrity checking tool with ability to execute it on-demand. +A file system must be able to switch between read-only, (when no data is committed to physical +storage device), and read/write modes in runtime. E.g. via “mount –o remount,ro <device>” +command. +AGL must support “lazy” (delayed) unmounting. +AGL should provide means for optimizing potentially degraded I/O performance after prolonged +file system and storage use. Often, this refers to offline or online file system defragmentation. +Another example is periodic fstrim execution on SSD storage. +A file system should be able to pre-allocate space for created/extended files on request. This +may be used to minimize fragmentation of frequently written files. +A file system should have an option of automatic error detection in its meta-data. +Page 148 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +A file system should be able to associate error detection codes with separate blocks of stored +data, and to verify the data against the codes in runtime upon each read from a physical device. +A file system should have a utility for meta-data integrity checking on mounted partition. +A file system should allow changing timeout after which it flushes modified data to physical +media. +A file system should support automatic data compression. +It should be possible to enable file system quotas for particular users and/or groups. +AGL should allow to set I/O scheduling class and priority for particular processes. +AGL should allow user space applications to subscribe for file and directory change notifications. +Making logical block size equal to a power of physical block size may improve physical I/O +performance, and decrease file fragmentation impact. +A file system should allow creation of snapshots. +A file system must perform wear leveling before writing data, so that the limited number of +erase/program cycles is evenly distributed across all device blocks. +A file system must support the following error detection/correction algorithm(s): BCH4, BCH8. +A file system should not just be able to detect/correct a number of flipped bits but should also +actively prevent the issue from happening in the first place, especially after unexpected power +interruption. Known techniques include forced reprogramming of blocks that were in use at the +time of power failure, and copying data to a fresh block after detected error correction. +A file system should not just be able to detect/correct errors caused by read/write disturb +Page 149 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +phenomenon but should also actively prevent the issue from happening in the first place. Known +techniques include limiting the number of read cycles between erases, and copying data to a +fresh block after detected error correction. +A file system must perform bad block detection and management transparently to file system +users. +Current FLASH wear-related statistics should be accessible via user-space utility. +A file system must support noexec, and nodev mount options. +A file system must be able to automatically mount plugged-in removable media, and +automatically unmount it when unplugged. +A file system must support sync mount option. +AGL shall provide a set of file systems to support the following types of storage devices: +internal managed (SSD, eMMC, etc.), internal non-managed (raw NOR and NAND FLASH +memory), removable managed (USB stick, SD card). +**7.4.2 Resource Control** +In IVI system, it depends time and occasion that which application and/or middleware should be +higher priority. Resource control provides basic functionality regarding proper resource +allocation for each process and/or process group. +(cgroups) +**7.4.2.1 Use Case and Role** +If end user specified a destination and started route guidance, map drawing following current +position and voice and/or visual guidance should be treated as higher priority than others. +On the other hand, if end user is watching a movie, movie player and decoder should be assigned +Page 150 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- -------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Priority > Allocate resource via its own priority. High priority + > + > process and/or process group should be assigned + > + > more resource. + + > 2 > Time slot > To share resource per time slot. + + > 3 > Release > Forced release of partially or whole allocated + > + > resource. + + > 4 > Grouping > Grouping two or more processes, and allocate + > + > resource per defined process group. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +to higher priority than others. +Important point is that it may assign two or more high priority application and/or middleware at +the same time. And, one function may be provided from two or more processes. +Table 9-33 describes the role of resource control to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +AGL assumes four types of resources, CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network +bandwidth. Table 9-34 describes associated roles per each resource type. +**Table 9-34 : Functions of System Resource Management** +**7.4.2.2 Requirements** +7.4.2.2.1 Priority +System provides a mechanism to set resource priority per each process. +Page 151 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System provides an interface to set and refer resource priority of specific process. +This interface must be called from other process. +CPU resource must support “priority” based resource management. +Resource Manager should dynamically change the ratio of offering resources according to the +status of resources using by system. And its configuration must be changed easily. +Resource Manager should log the status of resources using by system. +Resource Manager should offer resources separately to threads of user land and threads of +kernel. And Resource Manager should treat the bottom half and software interrupts as high +priority tasks. +7.4.2.2.2 Time Slot +When two or more process request to same resource at the same time, system must provide a +mechanism to mediate to guarantee the time slot to obtain specific timeframe for each +processes. +System must provide an interface to set specific timeframe to obtain time slot per each process. +System must provide a mechanism of resource sharing by time slot regarding CPU, storage +bandwidth and network bandwidth. +Scheduler should detect the status of resources for each thread. +Scheduler must not run the specific thread for more than 10 micro second. +Scheduler should guarantee that threads can run periodically. +Scheduler should control the dispatches that occur extremely. +Page 152 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +7.4.2.2.3 Release +System must provide an interface to release all or partial resource which had obtained by +specific process. +System must provide a mechanism of resource releasing regarding memory resource. +7.4.2.2.4 Grouping +System must provide a mechanism to group two or more processes regarding resource +management such as priority, time slot and releasing. System must able to assign same +attributes to grouped processes altogether. +System must provide an interface to group two or more processes from other process. +System must provide a mechanism to group regarding CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and +network bandwidth. +**7.4.3 Startup/Shutdown Control** +Boot/Shutdown Control is a mechanism to control boot and shutdown of a program running in a +user space. The order of boot/shutdown in the target program can be easily swapped depending +on the product configuration. Boot/Shutdown Control supports both “static order” which +boots/shuts down the program according to the static dependency of each program, and +“dynamic order” which swaps the order dynamically in specific conditions. +**7.4.3.1 Use Cases** +(1) Static Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order +a. +Setting up of Boot/Shutdown Order Based on Product Configuration +To support various product configurations, the integrator configures/modifies orders of boot/shutdown +for all programs running on the target device. +Page 153 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. +Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown during a Program Development +In order to evaluate a developed program, the developer modifies only the order of the developed +program in target programs. +c\. Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown when Software Update +Maintainer modifies the order of boot/shut down for a program to be updated when software update. +(2) Dynamic Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order +a. +Prioritized Boot of the Features which the User was Previously Using +It dynamically modifies the boot order of the target program in order for last used features (e.g. audio) to +be operated by priority when ACC turns ON. +b\. Prioritized Boot of Update Functionalities +Update related programs are booted by priority when connected with maintenance kit and ACC turned +ON. +**7.4.3.2 Requirements** +Boot/Shutdown Control shall start components, which are configured to be started. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall ensure that dependent components are started in the order that +has been configured. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall start independent components in parallel. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall stop components, which are requested to be stopped. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall ensure that dependent components are stopped in the order that +has been configured. +Page 154 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Boot/Shutdown Control shall be configurable by run level to start corresponding modules. +**7.4.4 Database** +Due to the nature of AGL operating environment, it is very important for DB engine to guarantee +database instance integrity after power failures. Other important feature for generic system +database engine is rich set of bindings to various programming languages. +Below is short summary for better understanding of DBS Requirements and References +hierarchy. +1. Power failure tolerance (P1) +2. Quick recovery after power loss (P1) +3. Multi-threaded I/O (P1) +4. API bindings for C programming language +5. On-demand integrity checker (P2) +DB instance integrity must be ensured after power failures under heavy load of read and write +DB transactions. +DB engine must be able to quickly restore good data state after unexpected power interruption. +Such recovery should not add more than a second to the normal boot process after power +failure on idle system. +DB engine must allow read and write access to DB instance from multiple threads and/or +processes simultaneously. +DB engine API must be available for C-based applications. +DB engine should have DB instance integrity checking tool with ability to execute it on-demand. +DB engine must be able to quickly restore to a previously defined state after unexpected power +interruption during adding some data. +Page 155 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +DB engine should have availability to merge some data from internal and external databases, +such as vehicle information database and databases at data center. +And DB engine should have accessibility to allow read access to DB instance during merging. +Also, DB engine should have durability not to break its data after unexpected power interruption +during merging. +**7.4.5 System Update** +Maintenance of in-vehicle devices is also an important role for any automotive system. There are +numerous use cases for updating the device software such as software failure,security patching, +bug fixes, and new features. Because automotive devices are battery operated and subject to +power cuts any System Updates must be robust enough to withstand sudden power loss. +System Update module should have a Robust version up function. +System Update moduleshould have a system difference version up function. +There should be a data update structure for each file or package (same as WindowsUpdate or +apt of Linux distribution). +There should be a data update structure for each file or package (same as WindowsUpdate or +apt of Linux distribution). +Difference update should be enabled for kernel, middle ware and application. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs during update for differences, the system should +be recovered after choosing the status (before or after update) for each update target. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs during update for differences, the status (during +update) should be detected and the system should restart. +Time required for applying patch should be 5 minutes maximum for single 10MByte data. +Page 156 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Memory usage for difference update should be maximum 1Mbyte. +Unit amount for difference data should be 10MByte maximum for difference update. +System Update moduleshould have full version up function for whole system. +Kernel, middle ware and application should be mass updated. System structure should allow +mass update. +There should be mass update structure for kernel, middle ware and application. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs while mass update of kernel, middle ware and +application, the status (during update) should be detected and the system should restart. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs while mass update of kernel, middle ware and +application, the status (during update) should be detected and the system should restart. +7.5 Device Drivers +Device drivers may be in kernel space or user space or a combination of both. +**7.5.1 Peripherals** +Typical IO device drivers such as SPI, USB, memory, I2C that are typically present on a SOC. +The flash process must be robust with an endurance of more than 10k write/erase cycles and +data retention over 15-years/10 ppm, assuming application specific worst-case conditions. For +optimised timing for downloading and restoring data the programming access time shall be less +than 50 s/byte average. +The EEPROM process must be robust with an endurance of more than 100k write/erase cycles +and data retention over 15 years/10ppm. Higher programming voltage than 5 V for Flash or +EEPROM is not allowed. +Page 157 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +In applications that need to save data at power down, the programming access time must be +fast. (target <1ms/byte) +N.B. EEPROM functionality can be emulated in flash memory passing the requirements above. +**7.5.2 Graphics Drivers** +Graphics drivers provide the interface to the graphical resources (e.g., GPU) within the system. +This may include on-board graphical resources or a separate GPU from the main SOC. +**7.5.3 Video Drivers** +Video codecs allow the system to decode and/or encode video for playback or recording. Video +codecs will nearly always be hardware based. +**7.5.3.1 Requirements** +The system shall provide device drivers to access any hardware implementation of video +functionality. +**7.5.4 Audio Codecs** +**7.5.4.1 Requirements** +Automotive Grade Linux BSPs shall provide devices drivers to access audio codecs that are +implemented in hardware. +Automotive Grade Linux BSPs should provide software implementations for those audio codecs +that are required for AGL-based products and not supported in hardware. +**7.5.5 Automotive Devices** +Device drivers for automotive related devices. This may includes buses such as CAN, MOST, or +*LIN. Device drivers may be required for receivers (AM, FM, SDARS, etc). Drivers may also be* +Page 158 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +required to directly interface to sensors that may not be on the bus such as gyros used for +navigation or an air bag sensor for a telematics system. +**8 Notices** +Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. +The Linux Foundation and Yocto Project are registered trademarks of The Linux Foundation. +Bluetooth is a registered trademark of the Bluetooth SIG Inc. +Miracast is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. +MirrorLink is a certification mark of the Car Connectivity Consortium. +AirPlay is a trademark of Apple, Inc. +Page 159 of 159 diff --git a/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/01-overview.md b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/01-overview.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75a6410 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/01-overview.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +--- + +title : AGL Specification Overview +author: imported from Doors-ng by Fulup(iot.bzh) +date : 2016-06-30 +categories: architecture, automotive +tags: architecture, automotive, linux +layout: techdoc + +--- + +## Overview + +Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) is a Linux Foundation Workgroup dedicated to creating open +source software solutions for automotive applications. Although the initial target for AGL +is InVehicle Infotainment(IVI) systems, additional use cases such as instrument clusters and and +telematics systems will eventually be supported. AGL has participants from the Automotive, +Communications, and Semiconductor Industries and welcomes contributions from individual +developers. + +By leveraging the over \$10B of investment made in the Linux kernel and other open source +software projects, the AGL Workgroup: + +Enables rapid software innovation for automotive suppliers to keep up with the demand +from consumers for better IVI experiences· + +Utilizes the talents of thousands of open source software developers dedicated to +maintaining the core software in areas like the Linux kernel, networking, and +connectivity, used in systems across numerous industries +The goals of the Automotive Grade Linux Workgroup are to provide: + +An automotive-focused core Linux operating system stack that meets common and +shared requirements of the automotive ecosystem with a broad community of +support that includes individual developers, academic organizations and companies. + +A transparent, collaborative, and open environment for Automotive OEMs, Tier One +suppliers, and their semiconductor and software vendors to create amazing in-vehicle +software. + +A collective voice for working with other open source projects and developing new open +source solutions. + +An embedded Linux distribution that enables rapid prototyping for developers new to +Linux or teams with prior open source experience +This results in faster time to market by jump-starting product teams with reference applications +running on multiple hardware platforms. +Page 5 of 159 + + **Term** | **Definition** + ----------| ------------------------------------------ + A2DP | Advanced Audio Distribution Profile + AGL | Automotive Grade Linux + AVRCP | Audio Video Remote Control Profile + FS | File System + GPS | Global Positioning System + GPU | Graphical Processing Unit + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +{: class="image"} + + +## Document Scope + +[comment]: May 28, 2015 +The scope of this document is to define the architecture of the Automotive Grade Linux software +platform. The requirements are broken up into an overview of the Architecture and a description +of each of the layers in the architecture followed by the requirements for each module in the +various layers. The Architecture Diagram and the layout of the specification take into +consideration all of the components that would be needed for an IVI system; however the are +missing requirements for individual modules. As the spec continues to evolve those sections will +continue to be filled in. +The main goal of this document is to define the core software platform from which applications +can be built. As such, this document does not define application requirements except in a single +case (Home Screen). Application requirements will be developed by various projects that use the +AGL platform. Those application requirements can be used to drive new or revised +requirements into the platform. +At this time there is no plan to use this specification to create a compliance or certification +program. The specification is used as blueprint to guide the overall work of AGL and to derive +work packages for companies and individuals to complete in order to attain the goals of the AGL +Workgroup. + +## Glossary of Terms + + HFP | Hands Free Profile + --------| ------------------------------------- + IBOC | In-Band On Channel + LTSI | Long Term Support Initiative + NTP | Network Time Protocol + OEM | Original Equipment Manufacturer + OS | Operating System + OSS | Open Source Software + SDL | Smart Device Link + STT | Speech to Text + TTS | Text to Speech diff --git a/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/02-architecture.md b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/02-architecture.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7bad304 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/02-architecture.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +May 28, 2015 +**2 Architecture** +The Automotive Grade Linux Software Architecture diagram is below. The architecture consists +of five layers. The App/HMI layer contains applications with their associated business logic and +HMI. Generally applications are out of scope for this document since they are product specific +for the OEM that is developing a system based on AGL. +The Application Framework layer provides the APIs for creating both managing and running +applications on an AGL system. The Services layer contains user space services that all +applications can access. The Operating System (OS) layer provides the Linux kernel and device +drivers along with standard OS utilities. +Page 7 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 diff --git a/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/03-homescreen.md b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/03-homescreen.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..22a56c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/03-homescreen.md @@ -0,0 +1,8246 @@ +--- + +title : App/HMI HomeScreen +author: imported from Doors-ng by Fulup(iot.bzh) +date : 2016-06-30 +categories: architecture, automotive +tags: architecture, automotive, linux +layout: techdoc + +--- + +## Overview +Applications may use a web based framework or a native framework. A system may include +applications that use different frameworks. Coordination of applications between frameworks is +performed by the AGL App Framework. The diagram represents possible applications that could +appear in a given system, but is not all inclusive. Reference applications may be provided by AGL +Page 8 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +to demonstrate the capabilities of the platform. + +3.1 Home Screen +Home Screen provides the Home User Interface (Home UI) of the system which meets the +following requirements: +· Rich User Experience (Rich UX) +· Driver Distraction mitigation +· Variations support +Rich UX covers requirements such as usability and user satisfaction. Driver Distraction mitigation +covers requirements on display control and user operation behavior while vehicle is in motion to +minimize driver distraction. Variations support covers requirements to support customization of +design and behavior of the system to meet the different needs of vehicle type, destination and +grade. + +** Layout** +The following use cases are considered for Layout. +· +Home Screen developer changes the Home UI by using a customizable layout definition. +Page 9 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 + +## System UI Parts +The use case assumed about System UI Parts is as follows. +· +An application or System uses status bar and on-screen in order to notify information to +a user. +· +User uses the system setting UI in order to change settings. +· User uses software keyboard in order to input characters. + +## Application Management + +The use case assumed about Application Management is as follows. +· +A user downloads and installs or updates the delivery application from application store. +· A user uninstalls the delivery application. +· +A user launches the installed delivery application or the pre-installed application. +· Also a user terminates those applications. + +## Application Switch +The use case assumed about Application Switch is as follows. +· +User switches application via application history or application stack. +· +The system switches application according to Driving Mode status. + +## Application History +Application switching by application history is assumed as follows. +· +The system records the order of the applications in the order in which the application is +displayed. +· +The order of application that is recorded is updated each time the display of the +application is switched. +· +Screen of the application is displayed in the order in which they are recorded in the +history at the time of switching applications. +Page 10 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +‑ Specification of operation +- User runs a swipe from the edge of the application screen area. +‑ Specification of action +- The order of the screen is managed order management list (application history). +- List order update opportunity(Update has determined a display of the application) +- Application starts or stops. +- Allowed to stand between the screen N seconds after the swipe. +‑"N seconds"‑User defines the value of any. +- User to operate the screen after you swipe. +‑"operation"‑Screen tap. Menu display. Other. +Figure 5‑2 represents a sample Home Screen depicting the above mentioned use cases. +Page 11 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 + +## Application Stack +Application switching by application stack is assumed as follows. +· +The user specifies the type of any order. The system records the order of the application +to the rule as of the specified type. +· Examples of the types of any order +· Application start-up order +· +Screen of the application is displayed in the order in which they are recorded in the stack +Page 12 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +when switching applications. +‑ Specification of operation +· +User runs a swipe from the edge of the application screen area. +‑ Specification of action +· +The order of the screen is managed order management list (application stack). +· +List order update opportunity.(Application start-up order as an example) +· +Application that started at the end of the list when the application is started is added. +· +Application that has stopped from the list when the application is stopped will be +deleted. +Figure 5-3 represents the switching example depicting the application of the above switching. +Page 13 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Use Case** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ----------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------- + > 1-1 > Layout > GUI Layout > Function to define a customizable + > > + > definition > GUI Layout definition. + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 + + +## Role of Home Screen +Table 5-1 describes the role of the Home Screen to satisfy the purpose and use cases +Page 14 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1-2 > Change Layout > Function to apply the customized + > + > GUI layout definition. + ------- --------------------- ------------------------ --------------------------------------------- + > 2-1 > System UI Parts > Status Bar > Function to display the + > + > information from application or + > + > system. + > + > Function to quickly access and set + > + > certain system settings. + + > 2-2 > On-screen > Function to display a popup + > + > window such as alert messages. + + > 2-3 > System Setting > Function to display system + > + > settings menu regarding GUI, + > + > such as locale and network. + + > 2-4 > Software > Function to display software + > > + > Keyboard > keyboard. + + > 3-1 > Application > Application > Function to download + > > > + > Management > Management > applications from application + > + > store. Function to install, uninstall + > + > and update the downloaded + > + > applications. + + > 3-2 > Application > Function to launch/terminate + > > + > Launcher > applications. + + > 4-1 > Application > Application List > Function to switch applications by + > > + > Switch > installed application list. + + > 4-2 > Application History > Function which switches + > + > application in order by + > + > applications history. + + > 4-3 > Application Stack > Function to switch application in + > + > any order. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 +## Table 5-2: Relevance of the Role and Purpose +Page 15 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Rich UX** > **Driver** > **Variations** + > > + > **Distraction** > **support** + > + > **mitigation** + ----------- --------------------------- ---------------- ------------------- ------------------ + > 1-1 > GUI Layout definition > ‑ > ‑ > ‑ + + > 1-2 > Change Layout > ‑ > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-1 > Status Bar > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-2 > On-screen > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-3 > System Setting > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-4 > Software Keyboard > ‑ > ‑ + + > 3-1 > Application Management > ‑ > ‑ + + > 3-2 > Application Launcher > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-1 > Application List > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-2 > Application History > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-3 > Application Stack > ‑ > ‑ + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 +## Requirements + +### Layout + +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for customizable GUI layout definition by each vehicle +type, each destination and each grade. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for a customizable GUI layout definition for different +vehicle type, destination and grade. +GUI layout definitioncan be definedsuch as the following items: +(In addition, items that can be defined is not limited to the following.) +· screen resource (Display, Layer Type, Area) +Page 16 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· sound resource (Zone, Sound Type) +· input resource (Device, Event Type) +· UI Component to be used in the entire system +· transition effect (Animation effect) +· Background image +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to apply customized GUI layout definition. + +### System UI Parts +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to display two or more information simultaneously to +the status notification area. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to displaying status to status notification area. +· Current Time: Displaying clock capability +· +Icons of Status: Displaying icons for notify information from applications +· +Status Message: Displaying text for notify information from applications +· +Communication Status: Status of mobile communication and wireless communications +(Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.) +Home screen must provide an interface to retrieve information from application for notification. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show popup window into on-screen window. +Home Screen must provide GUI method to hide on-screen window by user operation. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to hide on-screen window within a specified duration. +Home Screen must provide an interface for applications to request to show popups. +Home Screen must provide an interface for applications to cancel the previously requested +popup. +Page 17 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show text information, draw images and show +software switch like button in the on-screen window. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to specify attributes such as position and size of On- +screen window. +Home Screen must support a mechanism to specify other window display effect when the On- +screen window is displayed. (e.g. tone down) +Home Screen must provide system setting menu regarding GUI, such as locale and network. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change current date and time setting. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change timezone setting. +· +The platform must set up the date, time and timezone according to a current position +automatically. +· +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to set up turning on and off of the automatic +date/time/timezone setup. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change language setting. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change wireless communications (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, +etc.) setting. +· Enable/Disable +· Connect/Disconnect +· Search the devices +· Display the list of available and/or registered devices +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change mobile communication setting. +· Enable/Disable +Page 18 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· A setup and change of various attributes +· Display the list of registered devices and select device +HomeScreen must support to change the appearance of a screen to a user's liking. +These are as follows. +· Tone of a screen. +· Appearance of a window frame. +· Animation effect when screen transition was occurred. +Home Screen must support a mechanism to set or change master audio volume. +Home Screen must support a mechanism to set or change display brightness. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show software keyboard. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to apply default settings (e.g. theme, local, wallpaper) +to a new user, when a user is added by the User Manager. + +### Application Management +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to manage downloaded application package. +· Display downloaded application list from application store. +· Download the application +· Install the downloaded application +· Uninstall the downloaded application +· Update the downloaded application +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to launch the application. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to terminate the application. +Page 19 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 +### Application Switch +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show the list of installed applications. +Examples of assumed application list +· list of application name +· list of application’s icon +· list of live thumbnail for all the running applications +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for switching display application in order by application +history. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for the application stack in any order. For example, +such as launch order or display order. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for the system to switch applications. +For example, when Driving Mode changes, system must be able to switch application based on +policy. + +## Application Framework Layer +The Application Framework layer provides the methods needed to create software applications +and their user interfaces. The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of +which may be built into an SDK or product build. The application framework contains any code +specifically written for that framework as well the bindings to the Services and Operating +Systems layers that the application framework provides for its applications. +4.1 AGL Application Framework +The AGL Application Framework provides basic services to all applications regardless of the +framework they are implemented in so that there is a standard method providing the services. +Page 20 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 + +### Application Manager +Application Manager describes requirements for AGL application lifecycle function. Application +lifecycle contains application installation/removal and launch/hide/resume/kill. + +### Requirements +AGL System must support application lifecycle (install/uninstall, launch/kill, suspend/resume) based on +appid/pid via launcher. +AGL System must support a database to store application metadata (appid, exec path etc.). +AGL System must provide an interface to get a list of installed applications. +AGL System must provide an interface to get the state of an application. +AGL System must provide application privilege control. + +### Window Manager +A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user interface. A +window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), input +devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software component named window +manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, and a routing of user interactions. +A window manager is as software component that is responsible for a layout management of +windows. +Window manager of automotive middleware layer makes up for traditional window management +system to be satisfied IVI’s complex requirements, typically requested from Policy Manager. +Also, AGL aims to provide well-portability among various hardware platforms. +Page 21 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- ----------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Window drawing > Provide capability to draw a window to any place + > + > and any size and any scale. + > + > Also provide capability to change visibility of the + > + > window. + + > 2 > Overlay of multiple > Provide capability to overlay two or more windows + > > + > windows > with any z-order. + > + > Also provide capability to use hardware layer + > + > efficiently. + + > 3 > Visual effect > Provide capability to adapt visual effect as below. + > + > · Animation effect to change visibility + > + > · Animation effect to transit between two or + > + > more windows + > + > · Visual effect for a window, such as gray-out + > + > and transparent. + + > 4 > Frame rate control > Provide capability to control dynamic frame rate + > + > change. This is useful if system resource was + > + > shortage. + + > 5 > Multiple hardware layer > Provide capability to use hardware layer efficiently + > > + > support > if hardware supports two or more hardware layers. + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 +#### Use Case +Please refer “screen resource control” of Policy Manger section. + +#### Role +Table 7-148 describes the role of window manager to be satisfied above purpose and use +cases. +Page 22 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 6 > Reduced dependency of > Provide well-defined interface to reduce + > > + > hardware > dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface + > + > also makes it possible to increase the effect of + > + > portability and development cost. + ----- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ + > 7 > Multi window / multi > Support multi window management and multi + > > + > display > display. + + > 8 > Compatibility > From the compatibility point of view, AGL should + > + > use public API, and shall not rely on hardware + > + > specific API. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 +#### Requirements +4.1.2.3.1 Window Drawing +System must provide a mechanism to manage surfaces, such as create, delete, make visible and +make invisible. +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete surface. +When surface is created or deleted, system must notify status change to GUI resource. +This notification mechanism makes possible to assign surface to proper area by GUI resource. +System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each surface. +And, provide an interface to change visibility. +All the surfaces must be set to invisible for initial state. +Surface will be visible only if GUI resource issues to change visibility. +System must provide a mechanism to move surface’s area. If area size was different between +previous area and new one, then system must support to fit into new area by VIC.4.1.4. +*System must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area. Because, size of area may differe*nt +Page 23 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +from size of surface. +If resize was happened, system must notify to surface’s owner application. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by squeeze. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by using combination of scaling and trimming function. +That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect +ratio. This makes it possible to fit by “pan & scan”. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by using combination of scaling and background color. +That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect +ratio. System also provides a mechanism to fill background color into redundant pixels. This +mechanism makes it possible to do “letterbox” method. +4.1.2.3.2 Overlay of Multiple Windows +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete a layer. +Layer must have a concept of z-order. That means, display order for each layer is decided by +their z-order attribute. +Z-order attribute is fixed value. So, if application wants to change display order of surfaces, +then, attached layer must be changed. +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete “area” to display surface. +Area is a concept which defines where to display in specific layer. +System must provide a mechanism to attach surface to any layer. +Also, system must be able to change attached layer. +And, provide an interface to attach and change. +Page 24 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to assign surface to any area in a layer. +And, provide an interface to assign surface to any area. +System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each layer. +That means all the surfaces belonging to same layer will be changed visible or invisible at the +same time. +And, provide an interface to change visibility per layer. +Initial state must be set to invisible. +System must provide a mechanism to enable superimposed display based on z-order of each +layer, and disposition of surfaces. +4.1.2.3.3 Visual Affect +System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when visibility change was +happened. +Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes. +- Duration +Animation type +System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom- +out. +Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by +plug-in architecture. +System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when move surface was happened. +Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes. +· Duration +Animation type +System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom- +Page 25 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +out. +Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by +plug-in architecture. +System must provide a mechanism to make effect to surface. +And, provide an interface to set effect type from application and other software components. +System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to gray-out. +System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to low brightness +System must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change effect for surface easily by plug-in +architecture. +4.1.2.3.4 Frame Rate Control +System must provide a mechanism to reduce frame rate independent from refresh interval of +application. +System also provides a mechanism to set frame rate as 0fps, independent from refresh interval +of application. +This function is useful to keep whole system quality even if high load status, such as live +thumbnail and moving surface. +4.1.2.3.5 Multiple Hardware Layer Support +If hardware supports two or more hardware layers, system must provide a mechanism to use +hardware layers efficiently. +· +Never use software overlay when superimposing two or more hardware layers +Assign hardware layer for graphical high load function, such as video playback +4.1.2.3.6 Reduced Dependency of Hardware +Page 26 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Window Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding displays and layers of +each display. And system must provide a mechanism to adapt any structure without re-build, +such as by using re-configuration. +4.1.2.3.7 Multi Window +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall manage multiple windows owned by multiple +processes on a display. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multi-headed display. +4.1.2.3.8 Compatibility +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that uses only public +APIs provided by Window System and OpenGL/ES 2.0 for rendering and user interaction. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that relies on a +standard rendering API such as OpenGL/ES 2.0 only. The window manager shall not rely on any +hardware specific API. +A window system and OpenGL/ES 2.0 API are responsible for a hardware abstraction. +**4.1.3 Policy Manager** +**4.1.3.1 Overview** +4.1.3.1.1 Purpose +Policy Manager collects information and makes decisions based on them. To do that, Policy +Manager collects lots of status, such as user operation and application status, then issue Vehicle +Info Control or Resource Control to provide information. Policy Manager controls two types of +resource, one is called “GUI resources” such as screen and sound, and other one is called +Page 27 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +“System resources” such as CPU and memory. +4.1.3.1.2 GUI Resources +(1) Definition +· About Control of GUI Resources +AGL is supposed the following devices in this feature. For example, display with touch panel, +speaker, and microphone. And AGL defines that “GUI resources” are resources that provide user +or is provided by user on those devices, such as windows, sound streams and input events. +**Figure 7-1: GUI resources** +Page 28 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager controls GUI resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy +Manager limits the information of GUI resources while the vehicle is driving, because, the too +much information distracts the attention of driver from driving operations. +· Associated Software Architecture +The software architecture of Policy Manager and related components regarding GUI resources +control is as below. +**Figure 7-2: Associated Software Expected Use Case** +Page 29 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Component** > **Description** + > + > **.** + ---------- ------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Homescreen > Request to control of GUI resources. + + > 2 > Applications > Request to output or input of GUI resources. + + > 3 > UI Component > Receive driving mode and day night mode. And + > + > then provide the corresponding feature to + > + > applications UI such as input limitation and + > + > changing the theme. + + > 4 > Application Manager > Detect application installation. Then Notify the + > + > definition of GUI resources such as role by + > + > application configurations. + + > 5- > Vehicle > Window Manager + > > + > 1 > Info + > + > Control + + > 5- > Sound Manager + > + > 2 + + > 5- > Input Manager + > + > 3 + + > 5- > Vehicle Info Distributor + > + > 4 + + > 5- > User Manager + > + > 5 + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager is related with the below components. +(2) Role +Page 30 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **ID** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > External condition > (1) Receives the external conditions. + > + > collection + + > 2 > Judgment of priority of > (1) Receives the input/output/control request of + > > + > GUI resource > GUI resources. + > + > (2) Judgment the GUI resource owner according to + > + > external conditions. + + > 3 > GUI resource control > (1) Issue the GUI resource control according to + > + > judgment. + > + > (2) Notify the driving mode and day night mode + > + > that is calculated by external conditions. + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager has the below role. +Page 31 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Figure 7-3: Definition of Role** +GUI resource classifies screen resource, sound resource and input resource. Details of each +resource type are as follows: +a. Screen Resource +a-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager collects the below definition that is related with screen resource. +**Figure 7-4: Definition of screen resource** +• Concept of Display, Layer, Layout and Area +AGL supports not only one physical display but also two or more displays. Each display has one +or more layer. And each layer must be connected to one layout defined by Homescreen. Layout +Page 32 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +consists of one or more areas. “Area” is graphics composed area to display specific graphics +window. +The z-order of layers is flexible. Policy Manager decides the z-order of each layer depending on +objectives of them. For example, layer-1 was used as “phone call notification”, and layer-2 was +used as displaying “map”, then Policy Manager will decide that layer-1 should be upper than +layer-2. +Layer is created by application including Homescreen. When application creates layer, +application specifies layer type. Layer type is roughly categorized as “Basic” and “Interrupt”. +“Basic” layers are used to display application itself such as media playback, map drawing and +setting menu. “Interrupt” layers are used to display overlay windows such as information alert +and enlarged view. +When application creates layer with ”Basic” type, application must specify layout type for it. On +the other hand, the case layer with “Interrupt”, application must specify corresponding “Basic” +layer. The layout of “Interrupt” layer is followed by “Basic” layer’s layout. +From the capability of Policy Manager point of view, the main purpose of layer is to decide z- +order. In other words, if there is a scenario to change z-order of two or more windows triggered +by system status change and/or user operation, then such kind of window must assign to +individual layer. +• Concept of Layer Owner, Role and Surface +“Layer owner” is application which created that layer. “Layer owner” can request each area of +that layer. When “Layer owner” requests specific area, “Layer owner” also specify “Role” of +area. “Role” represents how to be used that area, and used to define z-order of layers by Policy +Manager. +“Layer owner” also can request to change “Role” for specific area, however, whether “Role” +change is acceptable or not is decided by Policy Manager by using policy rule. +One area should connect to one graphics window. AGL defines the term “Surface” as graphics +window to display into one area. +Page 33 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Surface is a canvas to draw graphical image by application. To show via physical display, surface +drawn by application must be assigned to specific area. Figure 7-16 describes simplest example +to assign one surface to full screen with one layer. If layer has two or more areas, then +corresponding surfaces are mapped to each area. According to example of Figure 7-16, surface +is fit to area size as “squeeze”, however AGL also provide a way to fit as “letterbox” and “pan & +scan”. +**Figure 7-5: Definition of Surface** +• Subdivision of “Interrupt” Layer +Basically, “Basic” layer corresponding to “Interrupt” layer is used to display application’s main +surface. However there are some exceptions. For example virtual keyboard is not needed main +surface. However, to follow this layer type rule, virtual keyboard must have corresponding +“Basic” layer. But this “Basic” layer never used to display. Also on-screen, such as alert message +is not needed main surface too. But it must have corresponding “Basic” layer from same reason. +According to above concept and some exceptions, AGL defines four layer types described +as Table 7-3. +Page 34 of 159 + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Type** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- + > 1 > Basic > This is application’s basic screen. Typically, > Map of navigation + > + > application requests this layer at first time. + + > 2 > Interrupt > This is application’s popup screen. > Enlarged view of + > + > navigation + + > 3 > On-screen > This is system popup screen. Typically, On- > Warning message + > > + > screen service (e.g. Homescreen) requests > popup + > + > this layer. + + > 4 > Software > This is the software keyboard screen. > Software keyboard + > > + > keyboard > Typically, software keyboard service + > + > requests this layer. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + > **No** > **Contents** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ + > 1 > Role > This is screen owner (such as application or > Navigation + > + > service) role. + + > 2 > Sub role > This is specific screen role. > Enlarged view + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +a-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource +Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each screen resource. Role +is the category name of screen resource priority. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy +Manager. Table 7-4 and Figure 7-6 describes the definition of role and sub role. +Role consists of role and sub role. Role is screen owner role such as “Navigation” and “Software +Page 35 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +keyboard”. Sub role defines when layer type of the screen resource is not “Basic”. Sub role is +popup screen role such as “Enlarged view” (of Navigation). +**Figure 7-6: Definition of Role and Sub role** +The screen resources are sorted of priority that is related to role by Policy Manager. If display +has two or more layers, then all layers will be superimposed by z-order. +In addition, Policy Manager decides the area of "Interrupt" layer using role. Area of "Interrupt" +layer must be same area of the related "Basic" layer. "related" means that "Role" (is not "Sub +role") of "Basic" and "Interrupt" is same. For examples, if "Interrupt" layer is set “Navigation” +role and “Lane guidance” sub role, this is set in same area of "Navigation" role. +a-3. GUI resource control +Policy Manager controls the screen resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the screen resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control +directly. +Page 36 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +There are three types of screen resource control: +One is allocation of each surface such as position, size and size-fitting method. +Second one is visibility control. Basically, visibility should be “ON” during area owner was +assigned. However, visibility may set to “OFF” during driving mode due to driving restriction. +Last one is order control of each layer. Policy Manager decides the order of each layer, and issue +z-order information for each layer. +b. Sound Resource +b-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with sound resource. +**Figure 7-7: Definition of Sound Resource** +• Zone +Zone is a place in the car, such as driver zone, passenger zone, rear seat zone. Each zone can +play at the same time. +Page 37 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Type** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------- + > 1 > Basic > This is application’s basic sound. > Music of media + > + > player + + > 2 > Interrupt > This is application’s interrupt sound. > Guidance of + > + > Navigation + + > 3 > Beep > This is beep. Typically, Homescreen > Display touch sound + > + > requests this type. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +• Sound type +Sound type is the category of sound resource. Sound type must be set by each sound resource +owner such as application. If application wants to play sound, it must be assigned to proper +sound type of proper zone. Only one sound stream can occupy specific sound type of specific +zone. In other words, if two or more sound streams should be mixed in same zone, then each +sound stream must assign to individual sound type. +AGL supports the following sound type, however it’s just sample and should be configurable. +• Stream +Stream is connection of sound resource that is made in applications. Sound is transferred in +stream. +b-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each sound resource. Role +is the category name of sound resource. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy +Manager. Figure 7-8 describes the definition of role. +Page 38 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Figure 7-8: Sample Role** +The sound resources in the same zone and same sound type are switched along the priority that +is related to role by Policy Manager. In other words, the sound resources of different zones or +different sound type are not switched. They are mixed. +b-3. GUI Resource Control +Policy Manager controls the sound resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the sound resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control +directly. +There are two types of sound resource control: +One is playback control such as play, pause and stop. Policy Manger issues to play sound for +sound area owner, and if area owner was changed, then issue to stop previous playing sound +Page 39 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +stream and to start play latest area owner. +Other one is volume control. Two or more sound streams of same zone may playback +simultaneously if each sound streams are assigned to different sound type. In this case, Policy +Manager specifies volume parameter for each sound stream. For example, if route guidance and +music playback are mixed, assign higher volume to route guidance and volume down for music +playback. +c. Input Resource +c-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with input resource. +**Figure 7-9: Definition of Input Resource** +• Device Name +Device name is identity of input device such as steering SW and microphone. +• Event Type +Event type is logical group of input event from each input device such as volumes and +temperatures. +c-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +Page 40 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +If application wants to be notified input event, it must request input event notice with device +name and event type. The request is judged whether to notify by Policy Manager using policy +DB. And Vehicle Info Control notifies input event to applications along the result of the +judgment as below. +**Figure 7-10: Definition of routing rule** +OEM special switch means product variant configuration in Figure 7-10. +c-3. GUI Resource Control +Policy Manager controls the input resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the input resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control directly. +Input resource control is to specify event target to Vehicle Info Control. +4.1.3.1.3 System Resources +(1) Definition +Policy Manager controls System resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy +Manager limits memory usage of background applications when memory shortage was occurred. +Page 41 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **ID** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > External condition > (1) Receives the external conditions. + > + > collection + + > 3 > System resource control > 1. Issue the System resource control according + > + > to external condition change. + > + > 2. Kill process(s) forcibly according to external + > + > condition change. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager controls System resources by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. So, +target resources are CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network bandwidth. +**4.1.3.2 Requirements** +4.1.3.2.1 Screen Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the physical display information. Because system +uses physical display information with to control surface to other system. The receive +information must include as follows. +a. ID +b. Display resolution (Vertical and horizontal number of pixels) +c. DPI +d. Connected ECU +Page 42 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout definition. Layout definition must be +able to identify the all areas of display. As a result, system recognizes the available area list +according to current layout of each display. +The receive definition must include the follows. +a. ID +b. Area list +System must provide a mechanism to receive the area definition. Area is set application surface +by system if the request is accepted by system. As a result, application surface displays on the +device. +The receive request must include the follows. +a. Layout ID +b. ID +c. Area position (Coordinate of the upper-left) +d. Area size (Length \* Width) +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout type of each display. System can specify +the available areas if layout type is defined. The receive information must include the follows. +a. Display ID +b. Layout ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the priority rule. Because system must judge the +providing resource using it when the request is collision. +The receive information must include the follows. +a. Role +b. Priority +System must provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system must judge +driving mode. +The receive information must include the follows. +a. Velocity +Page 43 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Brake status +System should provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system should judge +day night mode. +The receive information should include the follows. +a. The brightness of the interior +System should provide a mechanism to receive the user status. Because system should judge the +providing resource using it. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the infrastructure status. Because system should +judge the providing resource using it. +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layer request. System allocates the physical +resource. Application must request the area on this layer if application needs to display the +resource. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +b. Layer type +The receive request should include as follows. +c. Display ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the area request. System sorts layers in order by +priority that is related with the specified role. Then system displays the application surface on +the specified area on the specified layer. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +Page 44 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Layer ID +The receive request must include as follows when layer type of the specified layer is “Basic”. +Because there is a specification that the area on layer except basic type must be located on the +related basic type area. +c. Area ID +**Figure 7-11: Sequence to display** +System should provide an interface to request both screen and sound resource simultaneously. +In this request, requester should choose below options. +a. +Requester needs both screen and sound. For example, if screen resource was available, +but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher priority, then, request should +be refused. +b. +Requester wants screen and sound resource as much as possible. For example, if screen +resource was available, but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher +priority, then, only screen resource should be assigned to requester. +Page 45 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly +release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release request during system +running. System should raise the requested surface to the top of the display. +The receive request should include the follows in addition to the information of the normal +request. +a. Effective period (Can set unlimited) +System should not raise the other surface above its during effective period. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of display surface +System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources. The screen resources are +sorted of priority that is related to role by system. If display has two or more layers, then all +layers will be superimposed by z-order. +System must provide a mechanism to judge visible surfaces according to vehicle running state. +System must hide the surface that has too much information. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Visible / Invisible +b. Change position +c. Raise +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Surface ID \*Only case of visible. +ii. Display ID \*Only case of visible. +iii. Layer ID \*Only case of visible. +Page 46 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +iv. Position (Coordinate of the upper-left) \*Only case of visible and change position. +v. Size (Length \* Width) \*Only case of visible. +System should provide a mechanism to set the following effect of the surface to other system. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of display surface +4.1.3.2.2 Sound Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the zone definition. Because system uses zone +information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must include as +follows. +a. ID +b. Sound device ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the sound type definition. Because system uses +sound type information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must +include as follows. +a. ID +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive +request during system running. +Page 47 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +b. Zone ID +c. Sound type ID +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly +release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release receive request during +system running. +The receive request should include as follows in addition to the information of the normal +request. +a. Effective period (Can set unlimited) +System must assign resource owner as requested. And system must not assign resource owner +by other request on same area during effective period. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of output sound +System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources when there are two or more +resources on same sound type on same zone. System judges the providing resource by priority +of resources that is related to role. +\* Boundary of the role between Policy Manager and application. +Page 48 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Figure 7-12: Boundary of role (Case of reverse) +System should provide a mechanism to manage order of the owner request. Because system +should provide a mechanism to hold the request until the request is approved. +For example, if current playing interrupt sound completed, select the next play interrupt sound +from request history based on the priority. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Mute / Unmute +b. Change zone +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Stream ID +ii. Device +In the case of multi-channel speaker, the receive request should include as follows. +iii. Channel ID +Page 49 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System should provide a mechanism to set the below effect of the sound to other system. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of output sound +4.1.3.2.3 Input Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the input device information. Because system uses +input device information with to control input event to other system. The receive information +must include as follows. +a. ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the event type definition. Because system uses +input device definition with to control input event to other system. The receive definition must +include as follows. +a. ID +b. Related event IDs +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive +request during system running. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Input device ID +Page 50 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Event type ID +System should provide a mechanism to judge whether to accept request according to the +limitation routing rule of policy DB. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Set the routing rule +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Input device ID +ii. Event type ID +The receive request must include either as follows. +iii. The allowed application +iv. The denied application +System should provide a mechanism to set the following information. +a. Application that has active surface +System should notify the touch event from touch panel to user operating application. This +feature is needed because there may be case that privilege application such as Homescreen +changes the active surface. +4.1.3.2.4 System Resources +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to collect external conditions to be used by Policy Manager +to decide proper system resource. +Page 51 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager must detect creation and deletion of process. +To detect creation of process, Policy Manager can assign proper system resource to created +process. +Also, to detect deletion of process, Policy Manager can assign resources of deleted process to +other active processes. +To assign proper system resource to specific process, system must provide a mechanism to +identify process’s role. In other words, Policy Manager must recognize the purpose of each +active process. +Policy Manager must detect current memory consumption periodically. +To detect current memory consumption, Policy Manager can control maximum memory to each +process to prevent memory shortage. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which were +thought as not so important process. +Policy Manager must detect current CPU consumption periodically. +To detect current CPU consumption, Policy Manager can control priority to each process to keep +system performance. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which seem to be in unexpected +busy state. +System must provide a mechanism to notify application status change to Policy Manager. +Application status includes as below. +· GUI resource status, such as foreground or background. +· +Resuming last status or not. When system starts up or log-in user changes, system must +resume last status. In this case, Policy Manager should assign much resource to last +application to resume quickly as much as possible. +(2) System Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to change assigned system resource per process or process +group according to external conditions. +According to policy based decision, Policy Manager must assign proper system resource to +target process or process group by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. (typically cgroups +Page 52 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +will be used) +System must provide a mechanism to kill process or process group forcibly. +4.1.3.2.5 Resource Management +Resource Management shall consist of three functional components - Resource Manager, Policy +Manager, Connection Manager. +Resource Management shall provide CORBA interfaces to rest of the components in the system. +Each resource request shall be in form a: +AppID, +SourceID, +RequestorZoneID, +NeedAll Flag (to specify if all the resources need to be allocated ), +Required Resource List. +Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Audio Sinks (eg: Cabin +Speakers, HeadPhones) +Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Video Sinks (eg: Display) +Resource Management shall be able to handle Source arbitration (Mic, WavPlayer instances, +Tuners etc.) +Resource Management shall be able to validate all the input parameters for a resource request +from resource requestors. +Resource Management shall be able to keep track of all the available resources. +Use CCF data to identify all the resources that are possible in the system. (static identification) +Page 53 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Use dynamic registration by the resource owners to identify what resources out of the above list +are available at a point of time in the system. (dynamic identification) +Resource Management shall inform about resource availability and unavailability in the system +through status update. +Resource Management shall support stacking/queuing of resource requests. +> Receive the requests from the resource requestors. +> Handle each request in chronological order and check for policy validation through Policy +Manager. +> Add the validated requests into a priority queue. +> Process each request from the top of the queue for establishing the connection. +> If a request is still in the pending queue and the requestor requests to withdraw the request, it +shall be removed from the queue. +Each request for resource shall be handled as an independent request irrespective of any earlier +request by the same requestor. In case of multiple resources requested in a single request, it +shall be treated as a single request and will be processed based on the request parameters. +If the NeedAll flag is set by the requestor, it shall either grant all the requested resources to the +requestor or none of them shall be granted. There shall be no partial allocation of resources. +If the NeedAll flag is not set, it shall be able to do partial allocation of resources i.e. grant +some/all of the resources requested by the requestor. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to a request owner to remove/withdraw an +existing resource request. +Resource Management shall check for every requested resource against a pre-defined set of +policies if the request can be served at this point of time or not. Below is a list of possible inputs +for the policy decision: +> Currently Free or InUse Sink status +> Who is the resource owner of the currently used sink resource (if it is in use) +Page 54 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +> Priority of the new requestor compared to the currently using requestor. +Resource Management shall use the system state as an additional input to make a decision if a +request can currently be serviced or not. Below system states can be taken as input to the +policy decision: +> Based on the speed restriction setting for a specific region, a request can be granted/kept +pending. +> Low Power Mode, Eco Mode, System errors shall also be used to make policy decisions. +At any point of time it shall maintain the following information for each ZONE for use by +resource requestor: +> Zone ID +> Allocated Source Instance +> Allocated Sink Instance +> Mute status +Resource Management shall not consider requirements to achieve a specific feature functionality +(e.g. : Lowering audio volume of rest of the sinks when a phone call is in progress) as an input to +the resource management policy. +Resource Management shall not provide support for requirements to achieve a specific feature +functionality (e.g.: Pausing a pausable source when phone call is in progress). +Resource Management shall maintain priorities for all non-entertainment sources (eg: +AMFM\_TA, PHONE\_NORMAL, NAV\_VG, etc. shall all have priorities). In case two sources have +same priority, the first requestor shall be granted a resource. In case of difference in priorities, +the highest priority resource request shall be the one that is granted the resource. +Resource Management shall maintain same priority for all entertainment sources (eg: MP, DVD, +AMFM\_NORMAL, etc. shall all have the same priority). The last received Entertainment resource +request will be the one that is granted the resource. +A valid (parameter and policy validated) resource request shall never be denied to the requestor. +It shall either be granted or kept as a pending request in the priority queue. +Page 55 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Resource Management shall be responsible for reporting a broken resource status. +It shall be the responsibility of the resource requestor to remove the request from Resource +Manager if the resource is no longer needed. +Resource Management shall assign a sink instance (the specific instance allocated out of all +available instances of the requested sink type for a particular zone) to a resource request, once +the request is granted against the set policy. +Resource Management shall maintain connection state of an already granted connection. +Possible connection states are Active or Passive. +> When a source has the primary (master) control over a sink, the connection state will be +active. +Ex: In normal mode, a driver requesting for AMFM source to Driver HeadPhone Sink connection. +> When a source has the secondary (slave) control over a sink, the connection state will be +passive. +Ex: Driver using the AMFM source, at the same time the rear passenger requesting for same +AMFM source on Rear headphone sink. +Resource Management shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink +connection using the underlying platform support. +Resource Management shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink +connection using the underlying platform support. +Resource Management shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is +removed/released. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute the audio sink when a connection is +re-established and the active source is ready to use the sink for audio routing. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink. +Page 56 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Resource Management shall inform the resource requestor when the sink is connected and ready +to be used for audio routing. +Resource requestor needs to inform the Resource Manager when they are ready to start audio +routing. This information shall be used to unmute the allocated sink. +Resource Management shall maintain the system connection table at any point of time. +Connection table contains information regarding which sink is currently allocated to which +source instance. +Resource Management shall support handling of change in behaviour based on Limo setting: +> Share the source between the Rear Seat headphone (Limo mode owner) and Cabin Speakers. +System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks +are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally +1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC. +The number of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter. +Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks. +In case of Foreground sources and Tuner interrupt sources, any sink that is taken away from a +source because of a high-priority interruption, need to be returned back to the previous source +(if the request from the previous source is still valid and it's the next highest priority request). +As part of requirement to improve connection handling efficiency, it shall have exceptions to not +disconnect the active connection while switching between any Tuner Source-Sink Background +connection to another Tuner Interrupt Source with same sink connection. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sources. +Page 57 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall provide the error state information about all resources to the Platform Error State +Manager. +It shall inform the resource requestors in case the request is for an erroneous or faulty sink. +It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data. +It shall support rules/exceptions (Blacklist) that define resource allocation strategy based on +current system scenario. +E.g.: If there is a blacklist rule that says a Speech session shall not be allowed while phone call +is in progress, then even if a FG sink is available, Speech shall be denied resources and kept as a +pending request. +It shall provide an interface to receive Limo mode setting status. +It shall provide an interface to receive status when a rear-user selects to take Cabin control. +It shall use interfaces of early app to receive information if it's already using Audio/Video +resources and update its internal status accordingly. +On any change in input to the Policy Manager (system state) it shall reevaluate all active +connections and reconnect or disconnect if required. +E.g. An Amp gets disconnected, then all active connects have to be disconnected. +Once the Amp gets reconnected, the connection info shall be reevaluated and final set of +connections shall be rebuilt with Amp. +It shall provide CORBA interfaces to the Resource Manager. +Page 58 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink connection using the underlying +platform support. +It shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink connection using the +underlying platform support. +It shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is removed/released. +It shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink. +System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks +are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally +1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC. +The no. of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks. +Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks. +It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data. +**4.1.4 Sound Manager** +A sound manager is a mechanism in which a sound output demand in two or more zones from +two or more applications is arbitrated, an audio server manages control of a sound output and a +policy manager manages a mediation rule. +Page 59 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ + > 1 > Routing sound streams > To route each sound stream to proper zone(s). + + > 2 > Mixing level control > Mixing two or more sound streams after volume + > + > control of each sound streams. + + > 3 > Sound effect > Provide a capability of sound effect as follows, + > + > · When changing sound stream. E.g. fade-in, + > + > fade-out and cross-fade. + + > 4 > Reduced dependency of > Provide well-defined interface to reduce + > > + > hardware > dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface + > + > also makes it possible to increase the effect of + > + > portability and development cost. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +A zone is a place in the car divided by the purpose of output power of sound like a driver zone, a +passenger zone, and a rear seat zone. Each zone can play at the same time. Refer to "Sound +resource" of "7.1.1.2 (2) Role" of "7.1 Policy Manager" for the details of a zone. +Applications that play and capture audio via the audio server, applications that control things like +volume and routing via the audio server, and a policy manager that works with the audio server +to implement automatic audio policies. +**4.1.4.1 Use Case** +Please refer “sound resource control” of Policy Manger section. +Table 7-14 describes the role of sound manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +**4.1.4.2 Requirements** +Page 60 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +4.1.4.2.1 Routing Sound Streams +System must provide a mechanism to manage sound “zone”. +Refer to "(2) Sound resource" of "7.3.1.2.2 Role" of "7.3 Policy Manager" for the details of a +zone and how to manage zone. +System must provide a mechanism to manage one or more connected sound devices, and each +channels of each sound device. +One or more sound devices are usually connected to a system, and each sound device consists +of one or more channels. And each channel outputs the sound of a monophonic recording. +For example, as for a stereo sound, a speaker is connected to each of two channels, and it is +arranged at the driver side of a car, and the passenger seat side. If a telephone call is got when +outputting stereo music from both of speakers, only the channel of a driver side needs to lower +musical volume, and needs to mix and output the sound of a telephone (to louder sound than +music). For this reason, the system needs to recognize and control each channel of each sound +device. +The system must determine the route which outputs two or more sound streams to two or more +zones. +Although the output place zone of a sound stream may change dynamically according to the +present state of vehicles and a policy manager makes the decision, sound manager requires the +mechanism in which a route is smoothly changed based on the determination of policy manager. +System must provide a mechanism to manage two or more sound zone as grouped zone. +System must provide a mechanism to do volume control for specific zone. +All the sound outputted to a certain zone is adjusted by the volume of the zone. +System must provide a mechanism to control sound stream. +Control of a sound stream is as follows. +· +Mute/unmute: System must provide a mechanism to do mute or unmute to any sound +stream. +· +Suspend/resume: System must provide a mechanism to suspend or resume to any sound +Page 61 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +stream. +Volume control: System must provide a mechanism to change volume to any sound stream. +4.1.4.2.2 Mixing Level Control +The system must offer the mechanism for arbitrating two or more sound streams outputted to +the same zone according to a policy manager's arbitration. +System must provide a mechanism to do mixing after volume control of each sound streams. +System must provide a mechanism to attenuate sound volume when other sound stream +requested to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to return to the volume before attenuating +the volume of a sound stream when interrupted sound stream was ended. +System must provide a mechanism to mute sound volume when other sound stream requested +to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to unmute sound volume when interrupted +sound stream was ended. +System must provide a mechanism to suspend sound stream playback when other sound stream +requested to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to resume playback when interrupted sound +stream was ended. +4.1.4.2.3 Sound Effect +When sound stream was changed, system must provide a mechanism to do sound effect. +System must provide typical sound effect such as fade in and fade out. +System must provide a mechanism to add, replace and delete sound effect easily by using plugin +architecture. +Page 62 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Input type** > **Associated device** > **Description** + ----------- ------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Key > Steering switch > Simple key event. + > + > Deliver to application. + + > 2 > Keyboard > Virtual keyboard > Keyboard event. + > + > Deliver to application, then use input + > + > method backend if needed. + + > 3 > Touch > Touch panel > Touch event, such as start, stop and move. + > + > Also supports double click and multi-touch + > + > capability. + > + > Deliver to application. + + > 4 > Sound > Microphone > Sound input. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +4.1.4.2.4 Reduced Dependency of Hardware +Sound Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding sound device and channels +of each device. And the system must enable addition/deletion of a sound device by the means +which does not need rebuild of systems, such as a configuration. +**4.1.5 Input Manager** +The Input Manager provides a capability to deliver input events to the proper application +depending on request from Policy Manager. Policy Manager will decide event target per each +input area. Also, the IVI system may use various car-oriented input devices such as steering +switch. Input manager provides a capability to abstract such kind of input event. +**4.1.5.1 Use Case** +Please refer “input resource control” of Policy Manger section. + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- --------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Abstract device event > Provide capability to abstract from device event to + > + > application readable event name, such as “volume + > + > up” and “right arrow”. + + > 2 > Event delivery > Provide capability to deliver input event to specified + > + > application. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Deliver to application or voice recognition +engine. +Table 7-14 describes the role of input manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +**4.1.5.2 Requirements** +**4.1.5.3 Abstract Device Event** +System must provide a mechanism to re-configuration regarding input devices without re-build. +Because, connected input devices may different by car grade, car type, destination and optional +equipment. +**4.1.5.4 Event Delivery** +System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application. +System must provide an interface to apply event delivery rule by using attribute pair “device id” +and “destination application id”. +Device id specifies a logical device name. Logical device name will link to physical device by +UIM.2.1.2. +Page 64 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Also, system must provide a mechanism to change event delivery rule dynamically. +System must provide a mechanism to link between logical device name and physical device. +System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application depending on +delivery rule defined in UIM.2.1.1. +System must provide a mechanism to inhibit any event delivery. +This function makes it possible to restrict input event during driving mode. +**4.1.6 User Manager** +**4.1.6.1 Use Case** +**4.1.6.2 Personal Identification** +User manager provides multi-user environment. A car may be used by two or more people, and a +person may use two or more cars, by using rent-a-car, for example. +**4.1.6.3 User Preference** +Multi-user environment provides same user experience for each user. +Also, multi-user aims seamless personal data sharing not only between cars but also including +other devices such as smartphones and smart TVs. Furthermore, it will include seamless data +sharing from your home and your office. +Identify the person, and log-in to the IVI system as a specified user. Personal identify may be +provided by traditional user name and password pair, smart key or biometrics. +Once a user has logged-in to IVI system, IVI system should provide personalized user +experience. For example, Bob uses English, but Alice uses French. Also, Bob likes rock-music, +*but Alice likes classic-music. In this case, English and rock-music should be selected when B*ob is +Page 65 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +logged-in, and Japanese and classic-music should be selected when Alice is logged-in. +**Figure 7-24 : Provide Logged-in User’s UE (User Experience)** +**4.1.6.4 Rent-a-car and/or Replacing a Car** +When Bob uses a rent-a-car, same preference should be adapted as if he rode his own car. If +Bob’s preference was stored in a cloud, then this can be supported. However, security is +important in this scenario. For example, Bob must not be able to access to other user’s +preference. +**Figure 7-25 : User data sharing between cars** +Page 66 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**4.1.6.5 Seamless Data Sharing** +Cloud-based user data syncing will enable seamless data sharing between IVI systems and +smart-phones, home networks and accessing from your offices. +**Figure 7-26 : User data sharing over the cars** +**4.1.6.6 Role** +**Error! Reference source not found.** describes the role of the User Manager to satisfy the above +purpose and use cases. +**Table 7-17 : Role of User Manager** +**No.** **Role** **Description** +Page 67 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +1 User identification +Provide a mechanism to identify user, such as user +name and password pair, smart key and biometrics. +Provide a mechanism to log-in to the IVI system as +a specified user. +When a different user logs in, proper user +preference for the user must be applied, and +resume last state of corresponding user. +Also, each application can store application’s data +per user. In such cases, proper user data must be +applied when a different user logs in. +2 User preference +Provide a mechanism to apply user preference of +logged-in user. +User preference includes the following data. +· User interface, such as locale and wall- +paper. +· Resume last application’s status of specified +user. +· Application specific data. +3 User data management +Provide a mechanism to manage cloud based user +data. +The following capabilities are required. +· Download user data of the logged-in user +from the cloud. +· Update cloud data if the user data was +updated by user operation or otherwise. +· Periodically sync-up w/ cloud because user +data may be updated by other devices. +In addition to the above basic capabilities, user data +cache is essential for a car, since a car may not +always have a reliable network connection. +4 Security Because cloud based sharing user data may be +accessed from any place, user data must be +protected from unexpected data access. +Page 68 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +So, IVI system must provide security mechanism +regarding accessing to cloud based user data. +**4.1.6.7 Requirements** +4.1.6.7.1 User Identification +System must provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to enter user name and password, and verify password to +identify logged-in user. +System should provide a mechanism to read smart key attribute to identify logged-in user. For +example, using NFC. +System should provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user by using biometrics. +4.1.6.7.2 User Preference +When a logged-in user is identified, system must apply user preference depending on the +currently logged-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to apply personalized user experience as follows. +- Locale settings +- UX theme +Wall paper +System must provide an easy mechanism to add plugin function and/or attribute of personalized +user experience. +Page 69 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to switch application data per user, and apply logged-in +user’s application data automatically. +When user is identified and logged-in, the system must apply last status of logged-in user. Last +status refers to the status of the system as the current logged-in user has last logged-out of the +system. Specifically, last status includes the following. +- Foreground applications. That means displayed applications. +Background applications. +When user logs in for the first time, the system must apply user preference for new log-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to apply default preference attributes for new log-in user. +System must provide default preference attributes and HMI to apply for first time log-in user. +4.1.6.7.3 User Data Management +System must provide a mechanism to manage user data. +AGL defines “user data” as a general term which includes all the data necessary to realize user +preference. +User data shall be stored in the cloud. The cloud provides user data not only to IVI systems but +also other systems and/or devices such as smartphones, Home-PCs, business-PCs, HEMS and +home electronics. +System must provide a mechanism to apply user preference and to supply user data to +application by using cloud based user data. +System must provide a mechanism to download cloud based user data and apply it as user data +of the IVI system. +When user data is updated in the IVI system, then the system must upload updated user data to +the cloud. +Also, since other device or system may update shared user data elsewhere, system must provide +Page 70 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +a mechanism to sync with the cloud periodically to keep user data in the IVI system up-to-date. +Because the IVI system is not necessarily connected to a network, the system must provide a +mechanism to cache downloaded user data. +If the IVI system re-connected to a network, system must sync with the cloud as soon as +possible. +4.1.6.7.4 Security +Because user data may include personal information, system must provide a mechanism to +protect user data from risks including but not limited to leakage, tampering and theft. +System must provide a mechanism to protect user data when accessing to the cloud. +- +System must authenticate communication entity. In other words, IVI system must +authenticate cloud server, and cloud server must authenticate client such as IVI system, +smartphone or PC. +- +System must provide a mechanism to encrypt transported data via a network. +- +System must provide a mechanism to transport data via a network with protection +against falsification of data from unauthorized access or illegal access. +- +Cloud server must provide a mechanism to authenticate individual user, and provide +user data only to the authorized user. +Because, two or more user’s user data may be stored in IVI system as a cache, system must +provide a mechanism to protect cache data from other users. The protection of cached data to +include not only the current multi-user environment risk, but also the risk of attacks against +cached data. In other words, only logged-in user’s cache data can be accessed. +4.2 Web HMI +Web based HMI. Contains applications, web runtime environment, and web-based home screen. +**4.2.1 Web API** +Page 71 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It is discussed that HMI parts of IVI system will be developed using HTML5. APIs to use service +function in IVI system from web applications is needed. Audio Visual API provides APIs for audio +visual equipment control to web applications. (e.g. Media files on storage, CD, DVD, BT-Audio, +Photo, etc.) +Web applications use Audio Visual API to play audio visual contents on IVI system. Use case of +Audio Visual API is shown in Figure 6-1. +**Figure 6-1: Use case of Audio Visual API** +**4.2.1.1 Requirements** +Audio Visual API must provide API to select Audio Visual contents. +· Select content using URL +· +Select content using contents list provided by multimedia subsystem +Page 72 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Audio Visual API must provide API to playback Audio Visual contents. (Media file on storage, CD, +DVD, BT-Audio, Photo, etc.) +· Play +· Pause +· Fast-forward +· Rewind +· Track up +· Track down +· Select playmode (Repeat/Random) +Audio Visual API must provide API to control a volume. +· Volume up +· Volume down +· Mute +Audio Visual API must provide API for metadata access about Audio Visual contents. +Audio Visual API must provide API for notifications. +· The case that playback state is changed +· The case that Audio Visual contents is add / removed +Audio Visual API must provide API to play AM/FM radio. +· Change the frequency. +· Change the broadcasting stations. +· Receive the list of broadcasting stations. +· Select the preset channel. +· Get the information of the broadcasting station. +Audio Visual API must provide API to play digital radio. +· Store the broadcast program information. +Page 73 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Get the broadcast program information. +· Get the play time. +· Play the radio broadcast cached. +AGL System must support a web API to access Vehicle information. +AGL System must support web API to control STT/TTS daemon. +AGL System must support web API to control navi engine. +AGL System needs to provide a Web API to allow peer to peer communication between two web +apps. +AGL System needs to provide an API to allow peer to peer communication between a web app +and a native app. +AGL System must support access control over app to app communications. Service provider +should be able to restrict subscriber. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 DOM, Forms and Styles. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Device APIs: Touch Events, Device Orientation, +Network Information +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Graphics APIs: canvas, canvas 2D context, and SVG +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Media: audio and video tags, user media and web audio +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Communication APIs: websocket, web messaging, +server sent events, session history of browsing context +*AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Storage APIs: Web storage, File, Database, Web S*QL +Page 74 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Security APIs: Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, HTML5 +The iframe element, Content Security Policy 1.0. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 UI APIs: Clipboard, DnD, Web Notifications +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Performance APIs: Web workers, Page Visibility, Timing +control, Navigation timing +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Location API: Geolocation +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Widget: Widget Packaging and XML Configuration, +Widget Interface, XML Digital Signatures for Widgets, Widget Access Request Policy +AGL System must support Khronos WebGL API. +**4.2.2 Web Runtime** +The Web Runtime module contains the bindings for the Web Application Framework to access +the AGL Application Framework and Services. +**4.2.2.1 Requirements** +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide full web application lifecycle management (e.g., +installation/removal). +AGL System Web Runtime shall provide full execution environment for web apps (i.e., launch, +view generation, rendering, etc.) +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to implement plugins/extensions to add +better device/platform integration. +Page 75 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to manage apps' access control and also to +categorize apps with different privileges. +System must provide high level GUI components for Web application. +At least, below components are required. +· Text labels +· Button +· Radio button +· Check box +· Tab panel +· Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation) +· Slider +· Accordion list +· Anchor +· Text input form +· Dropdown list box +· Date picker +4.3 Native HMI +The Native HMI provides an application framework for those applications that are not written +using Javascript or other web technologies. +**4.3.1 Native App Runtime** +The Native Runtime module contains the bindings for the Native Application Framework to +access the AGL Application Framework and Services. +**4.3.1.1 Requirements** +System must provide high level GUI components for native application. +Page 76 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +At least, below components are required. +· Text labels +· Button +· Radio button +· Check box +· Tab panel +· Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation) +· Slider +· Accordion list +· Anchor +· Text input form +· Dropdown list box +· Date picker +**4.3.2 Native Application Framework** +The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of which may be built into an +SDK or product build. The application framework contains any code specifically written for that +framework as well the bindings to the Services and Operating Systems layers that the +application framework provides for its applications. +**5 Services Layer** +The Services Layer contains user space services that all applications can access. Generally the +services provide either an IPC type interface or a subroutine/ function API. These interfaces +remain the same for a given implementation and it is up to the Application Framework Runtime +modules to provide access to these interfaces to the applications. Since we are trying to avoid +unnecessary interface shims, it is not necessary for AGL to define standard service layer +interfaces for a given module. Unless otherwise specified the API depends upon the interfaces +provided by the open source packages chosen for a module. Different implementations may +choose different packages for a given function and it is left to the Application Framework +runtime to adjust to any new interfaces, +Page 77 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1 Platform Services +Platform Services Layer. Conventional Linux platform services +**5.1.1 Bluetooth** +This document describes requirements regarding registration, (dis)connection and device +information management between Bluetooth device and infotainment system. Necessary +Bluetooth profiles in automotive use case are defined here. +**5.1.1.1 Requirements** +The Telephony system shall be designed to +support a minimum of BT3.0+EDR, but shall be possible to upgrade to Bluetooth 4.0+EDR +without hardware upgrade. +A Bluetooth hands-free system shall provide the following BT profiles: +· Core 2.0 + EDR inc. GAP (Generic Access Profile) +· HFP (Hands Free Profile) +· OBEX (Object Exchange) +· OPP (Object Push Profile) +· PBAP (Phonebook Access Profile) +· SPP (Serial Port Profile) +· SDAP (Service Discovery Access Profile) +If the BT system is designed to operate with BT Media Players (E.g. control and stream music +from), the system shall also support the following incremental BT profiles: +· A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) +· AVRCP (Audio Visual Remote Control Profile) +The link key shall be minimum 128 bits. The encryption key is negotiated and shall be set at the +Page 78 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +highest supported value by the remote device. The Telephony system shall be capable of +generating up to 128-bit encryption key. The Telephony system will not be the limiting device in +encryption key length negotiation. +When implemented by the remote device Simple Secure Pairing 'Numeric comparison' method as +default pairing mechanism. However when remote device is limited a configurable priority +scheme will be adopted where the order of mechanisms will be determined at configuration +time. +The Telephony system shall provide Bluetooth Power Class 2. The operating range of Class 2 is +10 meters and maximum power is 2.5 mW (4 dBm). +The Telephony system shall have provision for 1, 3 and 5-slot packet transmission. It shall +allow using five-slot packet transmission for faster data rate. +The Telephony system shall use IrMC standards as directed by the BT specification. It is a +standard from IrDA, including IrOBEX for object exchange including vCards, vCalendars, etc. +vCard is the electronic business card. It is used for Personal Data Interchange (PDI). vCards are +often attached to e-mail messages, and can be exchanged on Instant Messaging. vCard contain +name and address information, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses. +vCard version 2.1 is widely adopted by e-mail clients. It contains FN, N, PHOTO, BDAY, ADR, +LABEL, TEL, EMAIL, MAILER, TZ, GEO, TITLE, ROLE, Logo, Agent, ORG, NOTE, REV, SOUND, +URL, UID, Version, and KEY properties. +vCard version 3.0 is IETF standards format. It is defined in following two parts: +MIME Content-Type for Directory Information +vCard MIME Directory Profile +It contains NICKNAME, CATEGORIES, PRODID, SORTSTRING and CLASS properties along with +the vCard version 2.1 properties. +The touch-screen or head unit HMI must have the ability to delete a Bluetooth device and any +associated data (E.g. phonebook, voicemail number) when required, even if the BT device list is +not full. +The Telephony system shall use SCO link for voice data if eSCO link is not supported else eSCO +Page 79 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in HF** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Connection management > Mandatory > x + + > 2 > Phone status information > Mandatory > x + + > 3 > Audio Connection handling > Mandatory > x + + > 4 > Accept an incoming voice call > Mandatory > x + + > 5 > Reject an incoming voice call > Mandatory > x + + > 6 > Terminate a call > Mandatory > x + + > 7 > Audio Connection transfer during an ongoing call > Mandatory > x + + > 8 > Place a call with a phone number supplied by the > Option > x + > + > HF + + > 9 > Place a call using memory dialing > Option > - + + > 10 > Place a call to the last number dialed > Option > - + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +shall be used. +5.1.1.1.1 Hands Free Profile +The Telephony system shall implement Hands-Free Profile (HFP) as per the hands-free Profile +specification version 1.6 or later. +The Telephony system shall enable a headset, or an embedded Hands-Free unit to connect, +wirelessly, to a cellular phone for the purposes of acting as the cellular phone's audio input and +output mechanism and allowing typical Telephony functions to be performed without access to +the actual phone. +It shall provide following roles: +Hands-Free unit (HF) + + > 11 > Call waiting notification > Option > x + ------- ------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ---------- + > 12 > Three way calling > Option > x(\*1) + > 13 > Calling Line Identification (CLI) > Option > x + > 14 > Echo canceling (EC) and noise reduction (NR) > Option > x + > 15 > Voice recognition activation > Option > x + > 16 > Attach a Phone number to a voice tag > Option > - + > 17 > Ability to transmit DTMF codes > Option > x + > 18 > Remote audio volume control > Option > - + > 19 > Respond and Hold > Option > x + > 20 > Subscriber Number Information > Option > x + > 21a > Enhanced Call Status > Option > x + > 21b > Enhanced Call Controls > Option > - + > 22 > Individual Indicator Activation > Option > - + > 23 > Wide Band Speech > Option > x + > 24 > Codec Negotiation > Option > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +\*1: Does not support Multi-party (conference) call +The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMM query/response to determine the +model of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be stored as a +string in a phone model CGMM variable. +· Phone Model CGMM: +· Type: string +· Max length: 200 chars +Page 81 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Persistence: No +A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +device. +The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMI query/response to determine the +Manufacturer of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be +stored as a string in a phone model CGMI variable. +· Phone Model CGMI: +· Type: string +· Max length: 200 chars +· Persistence: No +A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +device. +The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMR query/response to determine the +revision of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be stored as a +string in a phone model CGMR property. +· Phone Model CGMR: +· Type: string +· Max length: 200 chars +· Persistence: No +A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +device. +5.1.1.1.2 Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) +The Telephony system shall implement Advanced Audio Distribution Profile as per the A2DP +specification version 1.2 or later. +Page 82 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Codec** > **Support** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------- --------------- ----------- + > 1 > SBC > Mandatory > x + > 2 > MPEG-1,2 Audio > Option > - + > 3 > MPEG-2,4 AAC > Option > - + > 4 > ATRAC family > Option > - + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in SNK** > **AGL** + ----------- -------------------- ------------------------ ----------- + > 1 > Audio Streaming > Mandatory > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The Telephony system shall use this profile for audio streaming. This profile shall be use to +realize distribution of audio content of high-quality in mono or stereo on ACL channels. +It shall provide following roles: +Sink (SNK) - A device is the SNK when it acts as a sink of a digital audio stream delivered from +the SRC on the same piconet. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 20 should be supported. +Decode functions of codec marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 21 should be supported. +Copyright protection technology SCMS-T should be supported. +5.1.1.1.3 Phone Book Access Profile +Page 83 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The Telephony system shall implement Phonebook Access Profile as per the PBAP specification +version 1.1 or later. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to allow exchange of Phonebook Objects between +devices. +Phonebook is automatically downloaded into the system from mobile device for browsing. The +Telephony system shall store user's Phonebook and the Phonebook details of the connected +device shall be available to the user. The Telephony system shall manage the contacts by, listing +and copying contact information. +It shall provide following roles: +· Phonebook Client Equipment (PCE) +It shall provide following types of Phonebook objects: +· The main Phonebook object +· The Incoming Call History object +· The Outgoing Call History object +· The Missed Call History object +· The Combined Call History object +A Bluetooth hands-free system must download the phonebook from the connected BT device +automatically if the BT device has provision for the transfer of phonebook data. The Phonebook +download shall be performed by any one of the following methods listed in priority of usage: +· Using PBAP profile +All the BT device's phonebook entries must be transferred - those on any external memory (E.g. +SIM) and also any stored in the BT device's memory. +The number type data (if stored with the contact) shall also be transferred and stored in the +vehicle phonebook. The Phonebook shall be associated to only the BT device it was downloaded +from. +5.1.1.1.4 Dial Up Networking (DUN) Profile +Dial-Up Networking Profile (DUN) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +necessary lower layers. +Page 84 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Service** > **Support in DT** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Data call without audio feedback > Mandatory > x + > 2 > Data call with audio feedback > Option > - + > 3 > Fax services without audio feedback > N/A > - + > 4 > Fax services with audio feedback > N/A > - + > 5 > Voice call > N/A > - + > 6 > Incoming calls > Option > x + > 7 > Outgoing calls > Mandatory > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It has to comply with the specification for “Data Terminal (DT)” +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 23 should be supported. +5.1.1.1.5 Object Push Profile (OPP) +Object Push Profile (OPP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary lower +layers. +It has to comply with the specification for “Push Server”. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 24 should be supported. +**Table 24 : List of OPP Push Server Supporting Functions** +Page 85 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in CT** > **AGL** + ----------- -------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Connection establishment for control > Mandatory > x + > 2 > Release connection for control > Mandatory > x + > 3 > Connection establishment for browsing > C6 > x + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Feature** > **Support in Push Server** > **AGL** + > + > **.** + ---------- ---------------------------- --------------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Object Push > Mandatory > x + + > 2 > Business Card Pull > Option > - + + > 3 > Business Card Exchange > Option > - + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.6 Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) +The System shall implement Audio / Video Remote Control Profile version 1.6. +The system shall use this profile for audio streaming control for each connected media device +plus one remote control.. +The system must comply with the specification for Controller (CT) items marked with "x" in AGL +column in Table 25 should be supported. +C2: Mandatory if device supports Metadata Attributes for Current Media Item or optional +otherwise +C3: Mandatory to support at least one Category +C4: Mandatory if Category 2 supported, excluded otherwise +C6: Mandatory if Browsing (item 18) is supported, optional otherwise +EX: Excluded +Page 86 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +4 Release connection for browsing C6 x +5 AV/C Info commands Option x +6 Category 1: Player/Recorder C3 x +7 Category 2: Monitor/Amplifier C3 - +8 Category 3: Tuner C3 - +9 Category 4: Menu C3 - +10 Capabilities Option x +11 Player Application Settings Option x +12 Metadata Attributes for Current Media Item Option x +13 Notifications C2 x +14 Continuation C2 x +15 Basic Group Navigation Option x +16 Absolute Volume C4 - +17 Media Player Selection Option x +17.1 - Supports Multiple Players Option x +18 Browsing Option x +18.1 - Database Aware Players Option x +19 Search Option - +20 Now Playing C6 x +20.1 - Playable Folders Option x +21 Error Response EX - +22 PASSTHROUGH operation supporting press and Option x +Page 87 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + > **No** > **Feature** > **Support by the MCE** > **AGL** + > + > **.** + ---------- ------------------------- ----------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Message Notification > C1 > x + + > 2 > Message Browsing > C1 > x + + > 3 > Message Uploading > Option > x + + > 4 > Message Delete > Option > - + + > 5 > Notification > C2 > x + > + > Registration + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +hold +The AVRCP profile realisation shall implement an Inform Battery Status of CT parameter and +pass this information up to so it can be passed to the User. +5.1.1.1.7 Message Access Profile +Message Access Profile (MAP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary +lower layers. +It has to comply with the specification for “Message Client Equipment (MCE)”. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 26 should be supported. +C1: The MCE to support at least one of the C1-labelled features +C2: The MCE shall support Message Notification Registration if it supports Message +Notification. Not applicable otherwise. +Page 88 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in PANU** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Initialization of NAP/GN service > - > - + > 2 > Shutdown of NAP/GN service > - > - + > 3 > Establish NAP/GN service Connection > Mandatory > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.8 Serial Port Profile (SPP) +The Telephony system shall implement Serial Port Profile as per the SPP specification version +1.1 or later. +It shall provide following roles: +Initiator - This is the device that takes initiative to form a connection to another device. +Acceptor - This is the device that waits for another device to take initiative to connect. +Following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +Establish link and setup virtual serial connection +Accept link and establish virtual serial connection +Register Service record for application in local SDP database +5.1.1.1.9 Personal Area Network (PAN) Profile +Personal Area Network Profile (PAN) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +necessary lower layers. +It has to comply with the specification for “PAN User (PANU)”. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 27 should be supported. +Page 89 of 159 + + > 4 > Lost NAP/GN Service Connection > Mandatory > x + ----- ------------------------------------------- ------------- ----- + > 5 > Disconnect NAP/GN Service Connection > Mandatory > x + > 6 > Management Information Base (MIB) > - > - + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.10 Service Discovery Profile (SDP) +The Telephony system shall implement Service Discovery Application Profile as per the SDAP +specification version 1.1. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to locate services that are available on or via devices +in the vicinity of a Bluetooth enabled device. +It shall provide following roles: +Local Device - A device that initiates the service discovery procedure. +Remote Devices(S) - A device that participates in the service discovery process by responding to +the service inquiries generated by Local Device. +The following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +Search for services by service class +Search for services by service attributes +Service browsing +5.1.1.1.11 Device Information Profile +Device Identification Profile (DIP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +necessary lower layers. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 28 should be supported. +**Table 28 : List of DIP Supporting Functions** +Page 90 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support** > **AGL** + ----------- ----------------------- --------------- ----------- + > 1 > SpecificationID > Mandatory > x + > 2 > VendorID > Mandatory > x + > 3 > ProductID > Mandatory > x + > 4 > Version > Mandatory > x + > 5 > PrimaryRecord > Mandatory > x + > 6 > VendorIDSource > Mandatory > x + > 7 > ClientExecutableURL > - > - + > 8 > ServiceDescription > - > - + > 9 > DocumentationURL > - > - + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.12 Bluetooth Smart Ready +Bluetooth Smart Ready shall be supported. +It shall comply with Bluetooth Low Energy standard. +5.1.1.1.13 Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP) +The Telephony system shall implement Generic Object Exchange Profile as per the GOEX +specification version 2.0 or later. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to facilitate the exchange of binary objects between +devices. The usage model shall be Synchronization, File Transfer or Object Push model. +It shall provide following roles: +Server - This is the device that provides an object exchange server to and from which data +objects shall be pushed and pulled, respectively. +Page 91 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Client - This is the device that can push or/and pull data object(s) to and from the Server. +The following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +Establishing an object connection +Pushing a data object +Pulling a data object +Performing an action on data objects +Creating and managing a Reliable Object Exchange Connection +5.1.1.1.14 Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile +The Telephony system shall implement Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile as per the +GAVDP specification version 1.2 or later. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to specify signalling transaction procedures between +two devices to set up, terminate, and reconfigure streaming channels. +It shall provide following roles: +Initiator (INT) +Acceptor (ACP) +Following are the feature requirements for this profile: +Connection +Transfer Control +Signalling Control +Security Control +Note: This profile is currently being enhanced to version 1.3. Release date of this version is not +yet finalized. The Telephony system shall be able to upgrade to the newer version in the future. +5.1.1.1.15 Bluetooth Diagnostics +**5.1.2 Error Management** +The Error Management module provides platform error handling mechanisms. This includes +Page 92 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +detecting system errors that occur after start up to provide a recovery function by localized +restart. In addition, +in case of a broad ranged malfunction, Error Management provide quick detection and recovery +to issue in a short amount of time. +**5.1.2.1 Use Cases** +5.1.2.1.1 System Surveillance and Recovery +While using in-car information device, if the whole system or part of the function stops, an +immediate error detection and automatic recovery will be needed. For example, when updating +the screen while route guidance is on or voice recognition cannot be used, restart the function to +try and recover. When an error occurs in the core of a system such as an output communicating +middle ware, reboot the whole system to try and recover. +There are several supposed cases for system surveillance such as a case where the system that +adopted AGL and monitors by itself or monitored by the system that has not adopted AGL. The +AGL Error Management scope includes parts of the system that adopted AGL. +The way of recovery has to be assessed by the status of the system behavior. For example, even +if the way to recover the car navigation error might be reboot, the system reboot should not be +done when the car navigation is displaying back camera image. Because of these use cases, Error +Management should focus on the degree of importance for surveillance list process and the +degree should be adjusted by its behavior status. +5.1.2.1.2 Collecting Information +For when the system failure occurred after the launch, the most urgent item is a prompt +recovery but what is also a point that is worth noting is to collect the information to specify the +cause for its failure. Therefore, gathering information with the minimum recovery time is needed. +With Linux system, memory image dump (core dump) of generally abended process is used. On +the other hand, a scale of middleware which is an in- car application is increasing and has come +Page 93 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +to the point where the time to dump the entire memory image is impermissible. To avoid this, +the Error Management function will provide the system to leave the light log. +**5.1.2.2 Requirements** +Prevent the system failure shutoff and also in case of failure provided the function that judge its +status automatically and recover +The Error Management module should support both surveillance of the whole system and each +process. +The Error Management module should monitor the memory usage of whole system cyclically. +When memory usage exceeds set threshold value, a set action should be done. Cycle, threshold +value, action is changeable by AGL user. +Kernel function that requires Error Management surveillance, driver has to send a notification +to Error Management when an error occurs. The subjects that sends error notifications are +output communication or disk I/O. +Error Management should be able to execute the action after obtaining the error notification +by kernel function and the driver. Action should be changeable by AGL user. For example, an +error for CAN communication is critical so system restart could be done but USB communication +error can be ignored since it may be caused by a compatibility issue between devices. +Error Management should monitor processes for existence or non-existence, when abended it +should execute a set action. The set action should be changeable by the AGL user. Termination +of resident process is a defect but termination of a temporal behaving process is correct so +those two should be able to set separately. +Error Management should monitor the process with a set cycle and when it goes over threshold +value, should be able to execute the set action. Cycle, threshold value, action should be +changeable by AGL user. The subjects of surveillance are CPU usage and memory usage. +Should be able to vanish process forcibly including subsidiary process +Page 94 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Make the software that works by system have the concept of level importance. +Appropriate recovery depending on the level of importance. The level of importance should be +adjustable depending on the status of operation by coordinating with Policy. +The process that detecting an external communication error within the Error Management +module and recovering has to be set to complete before external monitoring detects. +The application that is monitored by the Error Management modulehas to be independent as +more than one process. +The application that is monitored by the Error Management moduleshould not combine multiple +applications to one process. Application’s runtime part does not have the structure where +multiple applications can be moved by the same process. +Service providing side has to be nondense to the application. For example, the Service providing +process such as a software keyboard should not go wrong with the state of App. Such as +process crash, exit, etc.. +An application has to be nondense to an application. When linking two application one ends +suddenly the other will not become abnormal state. +The process that communicates with the external system has to be independent from the other +process while recovering that does not include system restart so that it can notify alive towards +external side. +When the software that is under the surveillance of RAS can not recover with one restart +additional process can be done such as deleting the subject files that were registered +beforehand. +The system has to have a structure where overwrite the files that are stored in a pinned file +system without destroying them. +Page 95 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +When system down occurs (kernel panic), should be able to collect the information need for +analyzing. +When making the system down happen intentionally( BUG\_ON etc.),make sure to leave a +message that can specify the cause. +Both the log which is for debug and can take time to output and the log that leaves minimum log +in a short period of time have been equipped and able to select. +In any abnormal cases log output does not lock the system (stand by for spin lock etc.) or +system down does not occur (self-destruction on log output process). +Should be able to leave the aberrance occurred in kernel area on the log. +Should be able to select the level of log output. +Should be able to record the aberrance log with the time of occurrence. +Should be able to obtain the information linked to the system resources. +Should be able to leave the information corresponding to core dump in a short period of time. +Both the log which is for debug and can take time to output and the log that leaves minimum log +in a short period of time have been equipped and able to select. +As the smallest amount of information, the following information should be left. +· Register information +· Process logical memory map +· +Stack dump or back trace from the exceptional place of occurrence +· Time of occurrence +· +Information that can specify the occurred process thread (name of an executing +file‑name of the thread etc.) +Page 96 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· The signal that occurred +Lightweight core dump is a core dump that can set the restrictions below. +· +Select the memory mapping category of process executing memory image that targeted +for an output. +· +Specify the order of an output and output high-priority memory mapping first to prevent +dropping the information needed. +· +Output only the memory mapping that is linked to the abnormal process (text area). \[O\] +· +Compress the data for each memory mapping category and output up to the fixed +maximum size. +· +NOTE information of ELF header and program header will not change. +Selectable memory mappings are the following. +· anonymous private mappings +· anonymous shared mappings +· file-backed private mappings +· file-backed shared mappings +· private huge page +· shared huge page +Setting parameters of the output context are the following. +· +Memory mapping category which is for an output object can be set. +· The order of outputting memory mapping can be set. +Should be able to leave the log in increments of process. Possible to filter and have a look in +increments of process. +Should be able to leave a trace log in increments of process during process crash. Should be +able to leave a trace log in increments of process during system running, if necessary. +Should be able to obtain the information related to system resource of process. +Page 97 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +There should be a structure to be able to error trace among the whole process in a user space. +**5.1.3 Graphics** +Graphics subsystem; HMI input, wayland, windowing, etc. +**5.1.4 Location Services** +Location services includes support for GPS, location, and positioning services including dead +reckoning. Time of day support is also included in Location Services since time is a primary +output of the GPS receiver. +**5.1.4.1 Position** +**5.1.4.2 Time of Day** +With Linux, time adjusting is generally done by using date command or NTP but since in-car +device can obtain the accurate time from GPS, GPS time is often used as Abs Time. Because of +its advantage where this GPS demand can be done anywhere in the world, it would continue in +future. Therefore, we are going to need a structure for adjusting the Linux system time. +**Monotonic and Absolute Time Support** +As a weak point of GPS, when cold start, it takes a long time to obtain the accurate time. +Because of this, it will not set the right time for booting the system and will adjust it while it’s +moving. As for in-car device, the demand to make the system boot faster is rather strong and +Abs Time can vary while it’s working for one of the middle ware applications. +On the other hand, although POSIX API which is used as a standard for Linux, provides the time +that has not been effected by the adjusting in case of a simple latency, but for resource latency, +some of them can only set with Abs Time. Therefore, in-car Linux needs an API that supports +Monotonic Time. +**Kernel Time Precision** +Page 98 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +In-car device needs to support all kinds of communicating system such as CAN. Those +communicating system includes the device that needs ms order procedure. +In Linux Kernel space, jiffies are used as mere time. However 1jiffies time differs depending on +the CPU architecture and the architecture differs depending on SOC. Because of this, the lowest +value for unit of time that AGL environment has to support needs to be decided. +**5.1.4.3 Requirements** +Should be able to adjust the system time from GPS middle ware. +Adjust the system time after the time is determinate. +GPS middle ware has to have the system where it can implement GPS driver control parts using +the plugin (source plugin). Must tolerate proprietary GPS component. +GPS middle source plugin must tolerate proprietary. Source plugin has to be a license that is not +imposed a duty to open source. For example, header library’s license that is needed to make +Source plugin can not be GPL or LGPL. +When waiting, can use both absolute time and monotonic time +Resource obtaining time out such as mutex, semaphore can use both absolute time and +monotonic time. +Resource obtaining time out such as mutex, semaphore can use both absolute time and +monotonic time. +System time must be able to use consecutively at least until 2099. +Absolute time has to support leap year and leap seconds. +1 jiffies have to be smaller than 1ms. +Page 99 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Time waiting that involve context switch, must be done with the accuracy over 1ms. +From timer / ISR, can boot tasklet with the accuracy 1ms. +A system has to be able to handle time with at least the accuracy 1ms. +**5.1.5 Health Monitoring** +Platform monitoring services such as watchdog or active monitoring +**5.1.6 IPC** +Standard platform interprocess and interprocessor communication mechanism. +**5.1.7 Lifecycle Management** +Startup, shutdown, state change, etc. +**5.1.8 Network Services** +Includes standard networking protocols such as TCP/IP via any networking physical layer +including Wifi, Bluetooth, or ethernet. +**5.1.9 Persistent Storage** +Power safe persistent storage +**5.1.10 Power Management** +Amount of ECUs in the car and their complexity has grown dramatically over last decade. Needs +in processing power are constantly growing to catch up with demands of automotive industry. +*This, in turn has impact on power budget and temperature/heat dissipation characteristic of* +Page 100 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +modern ECUs +In parallel, success of green, electric cars is pushing power budget limits down as never before, +in distant future we may see “battle for watts” in automotive electronics. Finding optimal +balance between performance and ECU operating modes, frequencies, voltages is also important +for overall durability characteristic. +Suspend/resume techniques and retention of the ECU in lower power states now becoming +more welcomed over traditional cold boot approaches. +Linux community has been working on power management architecture for many years, it has +become a state of art framework and set of components that addresses needs not only +consumer electronics industry, but also industrial automation, security, etc.) +**5.1.10.1 Requirements** +AGL kernel shall allow switching between active and suspend states. Exact definition of suspend +states is platform/architecture-specific (e.g. “suspend to memory”, “suspend to disk” +/“hibernate” correspond to S3 and S4 in ACPI terminology) +Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected by suspend/resume transitions. +AGL kernel shall provide sufficient APIs for application to control active/suspend state +transitions and receive appropriate events/notifications. Kernel should not initiate power state +transitions if no requests provided from applications. +Detailed definition of steps/actions required for suspend/resume sequence is out of the scope of +this specification (it is also platform-dependent). +AGL kernel for SMP configurations shall allow enabling/disabling of individual cores (or group of +cores) (NOTE: on some platforms/architectures enabling/disabling may be achieved by putting +core in one of its low power states) +AGL kernel shall only provide mechanism for applications to request enabling/disabling particular +cores from SMP group. +Page 101 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL kernel shall support CPU frequency and voltage scaling. Exact definition of operating points +(table of frequencies/voltages allowed by hardware) is platform/architecture-specific (moreover, +some of operating points may be omitted/ignored in AGL kernel as their impact on power budget +insignificant) +Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected by CPU frequency and voltage scaling +Only application-defined policies shall be allowed for CPU frequency and voltage scaling. +Default in-kernel governors/policies (e.g. on-demand or performance) shall not be used and they +may have negative impact on overall system performance/predictability +AGL kernel shall allow switching between active and idle states. Exact definition of idle states is +platform/architecture-specific (e.g. C0..C4 in ACPI terminology or WFI+… for ARM) +Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected entering/leaving one of idle states +Only application-defined policies shall be allowed for CPU Idle +AGL kernel shall support run-time power management of I/O (peripheral) devices +AGL kernel shall support I/O (peripheral) device voltage and frequency scaling +**5.1.11 Resource Management** +Resource and device management. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to be used for informing status of a resource +request by the Resource Manager. +**5.1.12 Telephony Services** +**5.1.12.1 Requirements** +Page 102 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.12.1.1 Telephony variants +Purpose: To define the variants of Telephony +Requirement: +There will be 2 variants of phone system. +Variant 1: Front User only Telephony. +Variant 2: Rear and Front Telephony. +All variants will have Bluetooth capability. The feature will be configurable so that the feature +can be disabled via car configuration. +**5.1.13 Wi-Fi** +This Wi-Fi subsystem controls registration, connection management, and device information +management between a wireless LAN device and infotainment system. +Necessary Wi-Fi specification in automotive use case is defined here. +**5.1.13.1 Use Cases** +5.1.13.1.1 Construct WiFi Network +In-Vehicle Infotainment systems constructs 3 types of Wi-Fi networks. +a\. STA +In-Vehicle Infotainment system acts as a STA (Station) and connects to an external network via +an Access Point. +It also connects to Access Points which support Wi-Fi Hotspot. +b\. AP +In-Vehicle Infotainment system acts as an AP (Access Point) and connects multiple Wi-Fi devices +with an external network. +Page 103 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It also connects Wi-Fi devices which support Wi-Fi Hotspot. +c\. P2P +In-Vehicle Infotainment system and Wi-Fi device makes P2P (Peer to Peer) connection using Wi- +Fi Direct. +5.1.13.1.2 Miracast +In-Vehicle Infotainment system and Wi-Fi device shares a display using Miracast.-(a) +They are also remotely operated to a Wi-Fi device from the infotainment system, or vice versa, +by using UIBC (User Interface Back Channel).-(b) +**Figure 8-29 : Overview of Miracast** +a\. Shared Displayed Content +Page 104 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Use case examples of shared displayed content are: +· +A passenger on the passenger seat views the multimedia content played on Wi-Fi Device +(e.g. Mobile) on In-Vehicle Infotainment system. +· +A rear seat passenger views the multimedia content played on In-Vehicle Infotainment +system on Wi-Fi Device(e.g. Rear seat monitor). +b\. Remote Operation +Use case examples of remote operation are: +· +A passenger on the passenger seat plays the multimedia content stored in Wi-Fi Device +(e.g. Mobile) by operating In-Vehicle Infotainment system. +· +A passenger on the rear seat controls air conditioner functionality in In-Vehicle +Infotainment system by operating a Wi-Fi Device (e.g. Mobile). +· +While the vehicle is in motion, a passenger on the rear seat controls the navigation +functionality in a passenger on the rear seat controls by operating a Wi-Fi Device(e.g. +Mobile). +5.1.13.1.3 DLNA +In-Vehicle Infotainment system connects with a DLNA device via Wi-Fi. +**5.1.13.2 Requirements** +5.1.13.2.1 Security +The WiFi module shall support security standard WEP. +It shall support 40 bit WEP encryption method. +It shall support 104 bit WEP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA Personal. +Page 105 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA2 Personal. +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA Enterprise. +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA2 Enterprise. +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +5.1.13.2.2 Simple Configuration +It shall comply with WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) standard. +It shall be able to perform connection with PIN (Personal Identification Number) method. +It shall support Configuration Method for Display. +Page 106 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall support Configuration Method for Keypad. +It shall be able to perform connection with PBC (Push button configuration) method. +It shall support Configuration Method for PushButton. +It shall be able to perform connection with NFC (Near Field Communication) method. +5.1.13.2.3 QoS +It shall comply with WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) standard. +It shall comply with WMM-PS (Wireless Multimedia Power Save) standard. +5.1.13.2.4 STA +The In-Vehicle system shall be able to function as a STA (Non-AP Station). +5.1.13.2.5 AP +The In-Vehicle system shall be able to function as an AP (Access Point). +5.1.13.2.6 WiFi Direct +It shall comply with Wi-Fi Direct standard. +It shall support the WiFi Direct functions as listed in Table 29. +Page 107 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Feature** > **(Reference)** + > + > **Support in Wi-** + > + > **Fi Direct** + ----------- ---------------------------------------------------- -------------------------- ------------------------ + > 1 > P2P Provision > ‑ > Mandatory + > + > Discovery + + > 2 > P2P Device Discovery > Scan Phase > Mandatory + + > 3 > ‑ > Find Phase > Mandatory + + > 4 > P2P GO Negotiation > ‑ > Mandatory + + > 5 > P2P Service Discovery > ‑ > Option + + > 6 > P2P Invitation > Temporary P2P Group > Option + + > 7 > ‑ > Persistent P2P Group > Option + + > 8 > Persistent P2P Group / Persistent Reconnect > Option + + > 9 > Intra-BSS Distribution > ‑ > Option + + > 10 > Concurrent Operation > ‑ > Option + + > 11 > P2P Service Discovery > UPnP > Option + + > 12 > ‑ > Bonjour > Option + + > 13 > ‑ > Wi-Fi Display > Option + + > 14 > ‑ > WS-Discovery > Option + + > 15 > ‑ > Vendor specific > Option + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.13.2.7 Miracast +Page 108 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > ‑**No.** > **Feature** > ‑ > **(Refere** + > + > **nce)** + > + > **Suppor** + > + > **t in** + > + > **Miracas** + > + > **t** + ------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------- + > 1 > WFD Device type > WFD Source > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 2 > ‑ > Primary Sink > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 3 > ‑ > Dual-role possible > Option + + > 4 > WFD Service > ‑ > Option + > + > Discovery + + > 5 > WFD connection establishment with Wi-Fi P2P > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 6 > WFD connection establishment with Wi-Fi TDLS > Option + + > 7 > Persistent WFD > via Wi-Fi P2P > Option + > + > Group + + > 8 > ‑ > via TDLS > Option + + > 9 > WFD Capability Negotiation (RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 10 > WFD Session Establishment (RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall comply with Miracast standard. +It shall support the Miracast functions identified in Table 30. +Page 109 of 159 + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 11 > AV Streaming and Control (MPEG-TS/RTP/RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + ------ --------------------------------------------------- ----------- ---------- + > 12 > WFD Standby (RTP/RTSP) > Option + + > 13 > Video CODEC formats > Option + + > 14 > Audio CODEC formats > Option + + > 15 > UIBC > Generic + + > 16 > HIDC + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.13.2.8 WiFi Hotspot +It shall comply with Wi-Fi Hotspot standard. +In-Vehicle system which acts as an a STA(Non-AP Station)shall be able to connect with Hotspot +service. +In-Vehicle system which acts as an AP (Access Point) shall be able to provide Hotspot service. +5.1.13.2.9 DLNA via WiFi +The In-Vehicle system shall be able to connect with DLNA devices via Wi-Fi. +**5.1.14 Window System** +A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user +interface. A window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing +Units (GPUs), input devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software +component named window manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, +and a routing of user interactions. +Page 110 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.2 Automotive Services +Automotive Services Layer contains services that are not found in a typical Linux distribution but +contains services specialized for automotive applications. +**5.2.1 Audio Services** +BTBF, equilization, mult-zone audio control, etc. +**5.2.2 Camera Services** +Standard interface to vehicle mounted cameras; backup camera, side and front cameras, etc. +**5.2.3 Configuration Services** +Service for storing configuration parameters. +**5.2.4 Diagnostic Services** +Diagnostic services. +(This is automotive diagnostics such as storing and retrieving DTC. ) +**5.2.5 Multimedia Services** +CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, MP3, etc. +(Factor out metadata into separate component.) +**5.2.5.1 Media Player** +In-vehicle multimedia system shall provide rich and robust user-experience that includes not just +Page 111 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +support of multiple audio-video formats, but also variety of input and output audio/video +devices, both static and dynamically pluggable. In contrast to mobile or desktop applications, +there is normally more than one consumer of multimedia content in a car, with front- and rear- +seat passengers as well as driver all having independent requirements. +The following requirements are considered essential for in-vehicle multimedia system: +· +Supported multimedia formats shall correspond to major end-user expectations, i.e. the +ones encountered in mobile and desktop world. +· +Multiple audio / video sources and sinks, both static (i.e. always existing in the system) +and dynamic (i.e. appearing and disappearing when user connects a Bluetooth headset or +establishes a network connection.) +· +Multiple independent consumers of multimedia data and globally configurable routing of +audio / video processing chains. +Latency requirements of audio/video processing may also vary depending on a type of the data +processed; e.g. data from rear-view camera shall be decoded and visualized “instantly” in +comparison to a movie clip displayed on rear-passenger monitor, voice notification from +navigation software shall not be delayed significantly, speech data passed to and from +Bluetooth headset during phone conversation shall have reasonably bounded latencies and so +on. +It is considered that multimedia system may consist of multiple processing units, and therefore +processing load balancing mechanism shall be present. Mechanisms of audio/video processing +offloading to dedicated processing units (hardware acceleration) shall be provisioned, with +particular implementation freedom left for a silicon vendor. +The following requirements formalize these considerations. +**5.2.5.2 Requirements** +5.2.5.2.1 Media Containers +AGL shall provide an API that allows handling of various media data within the system. This +includes audio/video playback and recording as well as media streaming over the network. It +shall be possible to run multiple media streams in parallel for all IVI users, with configurable +input/output devices routing. Multimedia framework does not necessarily need to be isolated +from application (that is, it may run in the same address space as application), however it shall +be guaranteed that independent applications using the framework are isolated from each other. +Page 112 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL shall provide support for extraction from media containers streams other than audio-visual, +for example subtitles. Application shall be able to retrieve timing information as well as stream +identification data from media container. +AGL shall provide support for major network streaming protocols such as: +· HTTP +· RTPS +· Digital Radio (DAB) +· DigitalTV (DVB-T) etc. +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported streaming protocols in accordance with +system requirements. +AGL shall provide a mechanism to utilize available hardware accelerators to offload +computationally extensive processing to specialized units in vendor-specific way. Such +extension, if available, shall be transparent to the applications. +Lip Synch must be implemented as plug-in software for Multimedia Framework. +AGL shall provide a mechanism to automatically detect type of media data contained in the +source file, and to instantiate all required components to organize data processing without +intervention of the application. It shall be, however, possible for application to control this +process if it is essential for its functionality. Example of such intervention would be selection of +particular audio track (in user-chosen language) or selection of particular video stream from +multiple choices. +AGL shall provide an API to control execution of audio/video processing chain, specifically shall +support the following functionality: +· +Selection of data source and destination (files, devices, network resources) +· Pausing/resuming of multimedia streams +· Rewinding in forward and reverse directions (for playback) +· Audio volume control on per-stream basis +· Retrieval of current stream position (timestamp) +Page 113 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· +Notifications on error conditions preventing multimedia stream processing +AGL shall provide a mechanism to specify routing of input and output devices that are involved +into multimedia data processing. In particular, for playback scenario it shall be possible to +specify where audio and video data is rendered, and for recording scenario it shall be possible to +specify capturing source. It shall be possible to organize broadcasting of decoded raw +audio/video streams to multiple renderers as well. +AGL shall include a dedicated sound server that simplifies routing, mixing, post-processing and +synchronization of raw PCM audio streams. Specifically, the following functionality is expected: +· +Support for multiple audio sources and audio sinks with arbitrary (configurable) routing. +· Per-stream volume and audio effects control. +· +Resampling and format conversion (e.g. channels downmixing, sample width conversion). +· +Sample-accurate streams synchronization (e.g. for echo-cancellation purpose). +· Mixing and broadcasting of the audio streams. +AGL shall provide a mechanism to control sound server configuration in run-time, that is, to +specify the rules and policies defining system response to external events like adding or +removing of new audio device (e.g. Bluetooth headset connection), receiving of the phone call, +emergency system alarm output and so on. +AGL shall provide support for major multimedia containers, such as: +· MPEG2-TS/PS (ISO/IEC 13818-1) +· MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14, ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003) +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported multimedia formats in accordance with +system requirements. +It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional optional multimedia containers such as: +· OGG (RFC 3533) +· 3GPP (ISO/IEC 14496-12) +· etc +Page 114 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.2.5.2.2 Media Audio Codecs +AGL shall provide support for major audio codecs, such as: +· +MP3 (MPEG-1/2 Audio Layer-3, ISO/IEC 11172-3, ISO/IEC 13818-3) +· AAC (ISO/IEC 13818-7, ISO/IEC 14496-3) +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported audio codecs in accordance with system +requirements. +It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional audio codecs, such as: +· VORBIS (http://xiph.org/vorbis/) +· Windows Media Audio +· etc. +5.2.5.2.3 Media Video Codecs +AGL shall provide support for major video codecs, such as: +· MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818-2) +· MPEG-4 Part 2 (ISO/IEC 14496-2) +· H.264 (MPEG-4 Part10, ISO/IEC 14496-10, ITU-T H.264) +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported video codecs in accordance with system +requirements. +It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional video codecs, such as: +· Theora (www.theora.org) +· Windows Media Video +· etc +5.2.5.2.4 Image File Formats +Page 115 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in BMP, up to 32 bit true +colour. +Compression formats +· RLE 8 bits/pixel +· RLE 4 bits/pixel +· Bit field or Huffman 1D compression +· JPEG or RLE-24 +· PNG +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on Viewing of Image in JPEG/JPEG 2000 +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in JPEG XR/HD, including +Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) format. +The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on Viewing of Image in PNG, +including transparency +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in GIF 87a and enhanced +version 89a and also animation in GIFF images. +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing images in TIFF format. +The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in WBMP +format. +The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in WBMP +format. +**5.2.6 Navigation Services** +Navigation engine +Page 116 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**5.2.7 PIM** +Personal Information Manager; calendar, appointments, reminders, etc. +**5.2.8 Smartphone Link** +This section describes regarding Smartphone link. Smartphone Link is the technology which +realizes that video and audio streaming play which data from smartphone. And touch operation +is possible to share between IVI and smartphone. MirrorLink, Miracast, SmartDeviceLink and +AirPlay are technologies that realize Smartphone Link. By this technology, it is possible to use +smartphone content (map, music, browser...) by IVI. +Figure 8-30 shows the system structure of the Smartphone Link. +**Figure: 8-30** +Page 117 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL defines following requirements of Smartphone link. +1. The screen of smartphone shall be mirrored to IVI. +2. The sound of smartphone shall be linked to IVI. +3. The sound shall be synchronized with the screen. +4. IVI should operate smartphone. +5. The response time of operations from IVI should be less than 200ms. +6. If connection between smart phone and ivi was disconnected by external factor, then should +inform the "disconnection" to a user and return to the normal state. +This document describes “Miracast” and “SmartDeviceLink” from the reference of Smartphone +link. +**5.2.8.1 Miracast** +This section describes requirements regarding Smartphone link (Miracast). +Miracast is the display transfer technology using wireless connection which was defined by Wi- +Fi Alliance. Send screen data from source device to sink device and it realize display sharing +between source device and sink device. +Following figure (Figure: 8‑31) shows the system structure of Miracast. +**Figure: 8-31** +Page 118 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Requires** > **Description** + ------------ ----------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- + > SPL.1.1 > WFD Topology > Define role of Miracast + + > SPL.1.2 > Connection Topology > Define connection condition between + > + > a smartphone and an IVI + + > SPL.1.2. > P2P Topology > Define connection method of P2P (Wi-Fi + > > + > 1 > Direct). + + > SPL.1.2. > Wi-Fi Frequency > Define Wi-Fi frequency + > + > 2 + + > SPL.1.3 > Video Format > Define Video format + + > SPL.1.4 > Audio Format > Define Audio format + + > SPL.1.5 > Session Control > Define Miracast session state + + > SPL.1.6 > Link Content Protection > Define content protection function required + > + > for implementing Miracast + + > SPL.1.7 > Resource Management > Define resource management + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Follow reference documents to support Miracast if there was no description of this section. +**References** +\[1\] Wi-Fi Display Technical Specification Version 1.0.0 +\[2\] W-Fi Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Technical Specification Version 1.2 +\[3\] High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System Interface Independent Adaption Revision +2.2 +\[4\] DCP (Digital Content Protection) <http://www.digital-cp.com/> +AGL provide display sharing technology between Smartphone and IVI system using Miracast. +Page 119 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +SPL.1.8 Fail-safe Control Define Fail-safe control +**Table 8-14: Smartphone Link (Miracast) Requirements** +**Figure: 8-32 State Change Diagram** +The states of Smartphone link (Miracast) is defined in Table 8-32. +Page 120 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **State** > **Description** + ----------- ------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Idle > Smartphone link (Miracast) function is not initialized. + + > 2 > Initialized > Smartphone link (Miracast) function is initialized and + > + > waiting for Wi-Fi P2P connection from source + > + > device. + + > 3 > Connected Wi-Fi P2P > Established Wi-Fi P2P connection with source + > + > device. + + > 4 > Initiated > Smartphone link (Miracast) session is established. + + > 5 > Play > Streaming the audio and video content from source + > + > device to sink device. + + > 6 > Pause > Paused the streaming of audio and video content + > + > from source divide to sink device. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**5.2.8.2 Smart Device Link** +“Smart Device Link”, aka “SDL”, is template based approach of smartphone link capability. +Application itself is in a mobile phone, however, HMI is provided by IVI system. This approach +makes it possible to apply IVI adapted user experience, such as larger button to prevent driver’s +distraction and voice recognition. +That means, application requests to IVI system, then IVI system will respond by using remote +procedure calls. Application’s HMI will be rendered by IVI system by using IVI’s HMI framework +and/or policy, though all the application’s logic is contained in mobile phone. +SDL provides more suitable HMI for IVI rather than mirroring type approach, however, mobile +phone’s application must support SDL capability. In other words, only SDL supported +applications can be launched. +Page 121 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Figure 8-33 : SDL overview** +**5.2.8.3 Requirements** +5.2.8.3.1 Miracast +System must provide a capability of Miracast as smartphone link function. +· +Support WFD Primary Sink and support MPEG2-TS(Video, Audio) streaming play which +from Source Device‑Smartphone‑. +· Supporting WFD Source is an option. +· +Support customize function using “Miracast setting file” which used for negotiation (\*1) +source device and sink device (\*1. Video format, audio format and other parameters). +· +Screen data which from Smartphone may not support Drivers Destruction, therefore take +measures to Drivers Destruction. (e.g. Disable Miracast during vehicle speed over +5Km/H) +· Support Wi-Fi P2P connection. +· +Follow reference \[1\] and reference \[2\] to support Wi-Fi P2P function, parameters in +Miracast connection and so on if there was no description of this section. +· Wi-Fi TDLS connection is an option. +· +AGL do not define confliction specification regarding Wi-Fi connection. (e.g. User select +Wi-Fi P2P connect ion during accessing Wi-Fi connection.) +· +AGL do not define confliction specification regarding Sink device operation when receive +Page 122 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +connection request from Source device. (e.g. Connect automatically, ask user for +confirmation) +· +Support P2P Group Owner and P2P client as the topology of Wi-Fi P2P connection. +· +Support DHCP server and DHCP client for TCP/IP seamless connection after P2P +connection established. +· +Support 2.4GHz band for the frequency of Wi-Fi P2P connection. +· +Supporting 5GHz band is an option, but support DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) +function if support 5GHz band. +· Follow reference \[1\] for Video Codec. +· Support follow format for Video Resolution and Frame rate. +o 640\*480‑VGA‑‑Progressive 60 fps +o 1280\*720‑HD‑Progressive 30 fps +Regarding Video resolution and Frame rate, other formats are an option. +· Support follow format for Audio. +o LPCM 48ksps 16bit 2ch +o AAC 48ksps 16bit 2ch +Regarding Audio Format, other formats are an option. +When the state changes "Pause", take measures to give notice of pause for user. (e.g. pop-up +notification) +Screen data which from Smartphone may be protected by content protection, therefore support +content protection function. +· +AGL recommend HDCP function which described reference \[2\], \[3\]. But AGL do not +define HDCP function. Each vendor should support content protection function as for +Page 123 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +vendor’s own reason. +· Support both encryption cases if support HDCP function. +o Case1 Videos data encryption +o Case2 Both video and audio encryption +Take notice that it is necessary to satisfy security requirements specified according to +DCP.(reference \[4\]) +· +Miracast must support interruption by other function. If some high priority event occurs, +then Miracast release screen and audio resources for the event. +· +It is selectable how to deal Miracast session. (Standby Miracast session or close Miracast +session.) +· +Support a notification to a user and returning to the normal state, if following events +happen. +o Failed to Wi-Fi connection +o Failed to establish Miracast session +o Wi-Fi link loss on Miracast +o Break Miracast connection from smartphone +5.2.8.3.2 Smart Device Link +System must provide a capability of Smart Device Link as smartphone link function. +System must provide a mechanism to render HMI of SDL according to template. +System must provide a mechanism to enable user interface regarding SDL by using touch panel +device of IVI device. +System must provide a mechanism to enable user interface regarding SDL by using voice +Page 124 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +recognition of IVI system. +System must provide a mechanism to link Android device regarding SDL capability. Connectivity +method must be supported Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi. +System must provide a mechanism to link iPhone device regarding SDL capability. Connectivity +method must be supported Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi. +**5.2.9 Speech Services** +The Speech Services module provides voice recognition and synthesis for AGL applications. +AGL system voice framework must be able to record and interpret voice commands +AGL system voice framework must be able to convert text to synthesized speech +**5.2.10 Tuner Services** +The Tuner Services module provides a mechanism that allows different tuner types to plug into +the same API regardless of the receiver type. Support for AM/FM, HD Radio, SDARS, DAB, DRM, +TV Tuners etc is provided. The Tuner Services module shall allow multiple tuners to be present +in the same system and allow its clients to address each tuner in the system independently. +**5.2.10.1 Receivers** +The Receivers module of Automotive Grade Linux may control different receiver types including +AM, FM, Hybrid Digital (HD) Radio, SDARS, and DAB tuners. The module may access any +number of different tuners. For all tuner types the module supports accessing station data from +the tuner, changing the receiver frequency or station and reading station metadata about current +content. +The Receivers module shall provide a mechanism that allows different tuner types to plug into +the same API regardless of the receiver type. +Page 125 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The Receivers module shall allow multiple receivers to be present in the same system and allow +its clients to address each receiver in the system independently. +5.2.10.1.1 HD Radio +HD Radio is a proprietary In-Band on Channel (IBOC) system created and owned by Ibiquity. An +HD radio receives analog AM/FM signals and can also use digital information in a subband to +provide additional stations and/or enhance the audio quality of the main station. When the +receiver is decoding digital data for AM/FM playback it is commonly thought of as HD Radio. The +HD Radio system architecture shall conform to the broadcast system design proposed by the +iBiquity Digital Corporation detailed in RX\_SSFD\_5029. Both the HD hardware and functional +design shall meet all iBiquity Digital specifications, and satisfy the Type Approval specified by +iBiquity Digital. +The IBOC hardware is assumed to have three modes which will be used to describe the +requirements in this section. +1) AM - radio is decoding an over the air AM station. +2) FM - radio is decoding an over the air FM station. +3) HD - radio is decoding an AM or FM station using the subband for the over the air station. +Each requirement may refer to AM and/or FM and/or HD to specify the modes the requirement is +applicable to. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the HD radio reception and present the status +to the system. +AM/FM/HD tuner shall be able to tune to a specified frequency and report the result of the +tuning process. The possible results are, Tuning successful and Tuning unsuccessful. If Tuning +successful event is notified by the tuner, it shall play the audio through the selected audio +output. If tuner notifies the Tuning unsuccessful event, the system shall inform that "No +Reception" is available in that specific channel. +AM system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +the system, which shall be added in the station database. +Page 126 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Frequency +· Mono/Stereo +FM system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +the system, which shall be added in the station database. +· Frequency +· PI Code (RDS only) +· PTY (RDS only) +· Radio Text (RDS only) +· PS Name (RDS only) +· Category (RDS only) +· Mono/Stereo +HD system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +the system, which shall be added in the station database. +· Frequency +· PTY +· No of HD channels available +· Radio Text +· Channel Name +· Category +· Bit rate +· Station Logo +· Artist Experience +The System shall allow the tuned frequency to be incremented or decremented. +The System shall be able to tune to the next/previous valid station as determined by signal +strength. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to abort Seek Up/Down operations. +Page 127 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +FM/HD system shall be able to set the stop sensitivity for seek over FM band and shall be +possible to adjust by software. +· Range: 15 – 40 dBµV +· Step: 1 dBµV +· Default: 20 dBµV +· +Other parameters like multipath shall be possible to use for determining Stop sensitivity +level. TBD, Supplier to suggest solution. +AM/HD system shall be able to set the stop sensitivity for seek over AM band and shall be +possible to adjust by software. +· Range: 20 – 40 dBµV +· Step: 1 dBµV +· Default: 34 dBµV +· +It shall be possible to have different setting depending on atmospheric conditions (e.g. +different for night and day). +The system shall be able to switch between AM and FM bands. +HD system shall be able to extract the Station Information Service (SIS) Short Name from the +SIS Protocol Data Unit (PDU) on the Primary IBOC Data Service (PIDS) logical channel and +present to the system. The implementation of SIS Short Name feature shall be in compliance +with iBiquity Digital specification "HD Radio™ Air Interface Design Description Station +Information Service Transport". +HD system shall be able to extract the Station Information Service (SIS) Long Name from the +SIS Protocol Data Unit (PDU) on the Primary IBOC Data Service (PIDS) logical channel and +present to the system. The implementation of SIS Long Name feature shall be in compliance +with iBiquity Digital specification "HD Radio™ Air Interface Design Description Station +Information Service Transport". +HD system shall indicate the HD channel number of current tuned channel. It shall be 1 to 8. +Page 128 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +HD system shall extract the following PAD data from audio stream and present to the system. +· Song +· Artist +· Album +· Genre +· Comments +· Commercial +· Reference Identifier +The system implementation shall be in compliance with iBiquity Digital HD radio specification +"HD Radio Air Interface Design Description - Program Service Data Rev. C" +FM/HD system shall be able to receive and extract the RDS/RBDS data and present to the +system. The system implementation shall be in compliance with "BS EN 62106:2009, +Specification of the radio data system (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting in the frequency +range from 87,5 MHz to 108,0 MHz". +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable RDS/RBDS. When RDS/RBDS is enabled/disabled +the system shall indicate this. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the radio text display. +FM/HD system shall present the Alternative Frequency (AF) setting status to the system. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable alternative frequency switching. +FM/HD system shall be able to notify the system when an Emergency Alert Interrupt is received. +FM/HD system shall be able to skip the Emergency Alert when it is on-air. +FM/HD system shall be able to notify the system when Emergency Alert Interrupt is received +through RDS. +Page 129 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +FM/HD system shall be able to cancel the PTY31 interrupt notification. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Traffic Announcement reception. +FM/HD system shall present the status of the FM traffic announcement to the system. +FM/HD system shall be able to skip the FM traffic announcement when it is on-air. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable regionalisation. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Traffic Message Channel (TMC) reception. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Transport Protocol Expert Group (TPEG) +reception. +FM/HD system shall be able to receive the traffic updates from the Japanese traffic channels. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the News announcement reception. +FM/HD system shall be able to skip the News when being broadcast. +HD system shall decode PNG images which shall be in compliance with HD Design specification. +HD system shall be able to decode the channel icon PNG images and present to the system. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to mute the audio output. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to un-mute the audio output. +*HD system shall extract the album name, artist name, track number from the audio stream a*nd +Page 130 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +present to the system. +The feature will store the data of a tagged song in non-volatile memory within the IMC. The +feature will be able to store at least 50 tags. +*5.2.10.1.1.1 Configuration* +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the frequency band through local configuration +file. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the step frequency through local configuration file. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the seek stop level threshold through local +configuration file. +5.2.10.1.2 Database Requirements +AM/FM/HD system shall require a database to store the channel list information which contains +the following attributes: +· Frequency +· PTY (FM & HD only) +· Channel name (FM & HD only) +· Channel icon (HD Only) +· Category (FM & HD only) +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to update the channel list database based on the following +conditions: +· New channel is found +· Existing channel disappears +· +Channel list update shall not create any inconsistency on the current channel list +database. +Page 131 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AM/FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the channel name, and present +to the system. +AM/FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the ascending order of the +frequency, and present to the system. +FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the PTY (Program Type) category, +and present to the system. +AM/FM/HD system shall create favourite station database which consists of the following +information: +· Station name (FM and HD only) +· Frequency +· Status of HD (HD, HD1, HD2) +· HD SIS (HD only) +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to update the database based on following conditions: +· Favourite station changed +· Favourite station is removed +· New favourite is added +**5.2.11 Vehicle Bus / Vehicle Info Control** +Vehicle Info Control (VIC) provides a capability to access to various vehicle properties from +applications and/or other middleware. Standardized interfaces are provided to vehicle CAN, and +LIN bus. Figure 7-27 describes overall architecture of Vehicle Info Control. The main purpose of +VIC is to provide API to application and/or middleware. Vehicle Info Control has four main +functions. +· Vehicle Data Processing +· Communication between ECUs +· Vehicle Data Upload +Page 132 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Simulator +**Figure 7-27 : Overview of Vehicle Info Control** +**5.2.11.1 Vehicle Data Processing** +Vehicle data is the information about the vehicle itself, and the information in cars (for example, +personal information on a driver, etc.). VIC deals with all the information which application +and/or middleware need within vehicles. The following data is contained in these. +· +Vehicle information about the vehicles itself, such as speed, a shift position,‑temperature +· User Information, such as a name, taste, etc. of a driver +· The operation history of a driver +Page 133 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· +The operation state of the vehicles which middleware determined based on vehicle +conditions, such as speed and day and night +Vehicles data processing consists of the following functional elements further. +(1) Abstraction of Vehicles Data +In VIC, all vehicles data is treated as abstract data. it concerns and comes out of this to the kind +of car, or the country of the destination. For example, though speed is detected at the revolving +speed of the wheel, in VIC, vehicles data is abstracted and treated at speed and it provides for +application and/or middleware. Thereby, application and/or middleware can treat the vehicles +data of the same implications and the same unit. +(2) Maintenance of Vehicles Data +Each abstracted vehicles data is held. The vehicles data to hold is a current value and the past +value (history). +(3) Application / Middleware Interface (API) +The accessing function of the vehicles data from application and/or middleware is offered as API. +Acquisition of the current value of vehicles data or the past history, a setup of vehicles data, and +the change notice function of vehicles data are included in this. However, each vehicles data +restricts the application and/or middleware which can be accessed according to the importance +(access control). +(4) Vehicles Interface +It is a function for managing the various data of vehicles of in-vehicle networks, such as CAN +and FlexRay, etc. The component in which the exchange with actual vehicles performs the +exchange with vehicles by a vehicle type since it is various is not included in requirements. +However, the correspondence procedure of it and VIC is specified. It assumes that two or more +Vehicle Interface is prepared depending on a communication method with vehicles, etc. In +addition, the vehicles data which can be accessed for every Vehicles Interface is restricted. +**5.2.11.2 Communications between ECUs** +Page 134 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +When a system consists of two or more ECUs, the vehicles data managed by ECU other than +ECU in which application and/or middleware are working shall also be treated. For this reason, +vehicle information processing communicates with it of other ECUs. Thereby, application and/or +middleware can be treated, without caring about by which ECU required vehicles data is +acquired. In addition, the communication function between ECUs also restricts the vehicle data +which each ECU can access. +**5.2.11.3 Vehicle Data Upload** +When a system consists of two or more ECUs, the vehicles data managed by ECU other than +ECU in which application and/or middleware are working shall also be treated. For this reason, +vehicle information processing communicates with it of other ECUs. Thereby, application and/or +middleware can be treated, without caring about by which ECU required vehicles data is +acquired. In addition, the communication function between ECUs also restricts the vehicle data +which each ECU can access. +**5.2.11.4 Simulator** +In the development environment of application and/or middleware, since actual vehicles data is +unacquirable, it is preparing the simulator which imitated actual vehicles, and makes +development environment construction easy. By a simulator, it assumes using the steering wheel +controller for PC games. Since this function is an object for development environment, let it be +an option. +**5.2.11.5 Requirements** +The system must hold vehicle information and must offer the mechanism in which application +and/or middleware can access vehicle information. +The system must provide application and/or middleware with vehicle information as an abstract +property. For example, the speed of vehicles must be not the number of rotations of a wheel but +the speed of a car. +System must provide a mechanism to add or delete vehicle property easily. +Page 135 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must support typical vehicle property as “standard property”. +As for a standard property, it is desirable for the same attribute name to be the same meaning. +System must provide a mechanism to add or delete custom vehicle property easily. +A custom property is a property which a system donor can add uniquely in addition to a standard +property. +Let the unit of the value of Vehicle Info Data be an international unit(meter, gram, …etc) +The value of Vehicle Info Data should have sufficient accuracy which application and/or +middleware need. For example, when a unit is made into Km/h, an integral value is not enough +as the accuracy of Velocity. It is necessary to change Km/h into MPH in the country of a mile +display. Moreover, it is because the error of the speed display is defined by law. +A vehicle information control facility requires the mechanism in which vehicle information is +stored. A lot of events generate some information at high speed. About such information, the +load to a system has few directions processed collectively. Moreover, when data is taken and +spilt by an application, the structure which can carry out recovery is required. +It is not realistic to accumulate all the information that changes at high speed. For this reason, In +corresponding to neither of the following, it shall not store the change data. +· +The amount of change of a value. It is not accumulated when the difference from the +accumulated newest value is less than a threshold value. +· +Lapsed time from the last change It does not accumulate, if time has not passed since the +newest accumulation. +About each vehicle information, the threshold value and cumulative dosage of accumulation need +to be able to set up easily. +In addition, it also makes it possible not to accumulate specific vehicle information. +System must provide an interface to application and/or middleware regarding vehicle property +access. +System must provide an interface to retrieve vehicle property from application and/or +middleware. +Page 136 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Below attributes must include in this interface +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Value +· +Timestamp - Timestamp specifies last updated time of corresponded vehicle property. +System must provide an interface to set abstracted value to vehicle property from application +and/or middleware. +Below attributes must include in this interface. +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Value +System must provide an interface to subscribe status change of vehicle property from +application and/or middleware. +When status changed, system must invoke callback function with below attributes. +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Value +· Timestamp +· Sequence number +Timestamp specifies last updated time of corresponded vehicle property. +Sequence number is useful to check event order. +The acceptable value of change can be specified for vehicle information about the notice of +change of vehicle information. +In order to lower system-wide load, it will not notify, if it is change which is less than an +acceptable value even if vehicle information changes. +For example, although engine number of rotations changes every moment, in the case of the +application which displays it in 20 steps, it is not necessary to know less than several percent of +change. +Page 137 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall not notify the change, in corresponding to neither of the following. +· +The amount of change of a value - It does not notify, if the amount of change of the +value from the last notice of change is less than specification. +· +Lapsed time from the last change - From the last notice of change, if it is less than a +definite period of time, it does not notify. +Depending on application, the notice with a fixed cycle is more convenient than the notice at the +time of change. +What is notified only the specified cycle even if it changes two or more times into the specified +notice interval is made possible. +The data stored is acquired collectively. +Below attributes must include in this interface. +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Values +· Timestamps +It is desirable that the time range to acquire can be specified. For example, data from 10 +seconds before to the present, data from 13:20 to 14:00, etc. +There is an attribute for which change/reference is simultaneously needed in relation to mutual +in vehicle information. For example, latitude, longitude, and an altitude are changed +simultaneously. If these pieces of vehicle information is changed and referred to individually, the +newest longitude may acquire the value in front of one, and a current position may be unable to +recognize latitude correctly. For this reason, it is necessary to summarize the vehicle information +relevant to mutual and to access it. +Access of ones of those vehicle information is deterred until renewal of all the vehicle +information included in Property Set at the time of a setup of vehicle information is completed, +and renewal of ones of those vehicle information is deterred until it completes acquisition of all +those vehicle information at the time of reference. +The definition of the vehicle information included in Property Set is being able to change easily. +Or the thing which can be changed from a program during operation. +Page 138 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism of access control per each property. For example, property +"velocity" can be accessed from only application A and B, but property "turn signal" can be +accessed from all applications. +System must also provide a mechanism of access control per each method even if same +property. For example, about "seat setting", all applications can get this property, but only +application C can set this property. +Permission for each property and method must be configurable easily. Because, access control +policy may be different per car type, grade and destination. +System must provide a mechanism to enable routing any vehicle property both within same ECU +and across two or more ECU’s. +If a Property Change event is received from VIC, change can be notified to all the applications, +middleware and other VICs which are subscribing change of the vehicle information. In addition, +the notice of change must be able to be distributed also to the application and/or middleware +which exist in a different ECU. +VIC can be requested to set the value specified as Property. +It can set, even if it exists on ECU from which an application and VIC differ. +The newest value can be returned immediately, without asking VIC to the acquisition demand +from an application. For this reason, keep the newest value of each Property. +Even if it is in ECU from which VIC of the Property differs, the demand from an application +responds. +It can exchange with two or more VICs. Addition and deletion of Data Provider can be performed +easily. +The data exchange between ECUs should be permitted by VIC. +All data transmission and reception from other Software Component are refusing. +Page 139 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The system should have a mechanism which communicates the stored vehicles. +The vehicle information to upload is being able to choose. +A selection condition is that the following specification is possible at least. +· Date-and-time range +· Object vehicles data +· The change threshold value of vehicles data +Enable change of selection of vehicle information easily. As for this, it is desirable for it to be +able to change dynamically from an external. +The simulator of vehicles data using the steering wheel controller for PC games, etc. as +substitution of actual vehicles in development environment is prepared. +Car Simulator is being able to notify the following vehicles data to vehicles data processing +activities through a vehicles interface function at least. +· Speed +· Shift position +· The direction of vehicles +· Latitude and longitude of a current position +· Turn signal +The steering wheel controller for PC games to be used is being able to obtain easily. Moreover, +it is desirable that two or more steering wheel controllers can be used. +VIC should fill the following performance specifications and performance. +It is a value on condition of H/W assumed that the following values will be used for in-vehicle +information machines and equipment in 2016. +Page 140 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Maximum number of properties : 4,096 +· Maximum number of property sets: 1,024 +· Greatest data storage time : 12 hours +It is a value on condition of H/W assumed that the following values will be used for in-vehicle +information machines and equipment in 2016. +· Get/Set method(one property) - 0.2ms +· Get/Set method(property set include 30 properties) -1.3ms +· Subscribe callback - 2.5ms (after change of a value) +· +GetHistory method(for within 3 minutes after the present) - 0.2ms +· +GetHistory method (older than 3 minutes from the present) - 50ms +VIC is being able to change without having composition which has pliability and extendibility +about the vehicles data to manage, and reconstructing the whole VIC about the kind and +attribute of vehicles data. +Vehicle Interface treats various kinds of in-vehicle LAN and sensors, and they are mounted by +various H/W according to a maker or a vehicle type. For this reason, VIC needs to be able to add +and change Vehicle Interface without reconstruction of VIC. +Abstraction of vehicles data is the duty of Vehicle Interface in principle. This is because it is +necessary to change the concreteness data depending on H/W of in-vehicle LAN or sensors. +However, an abstract vehicles data value may be decided by combination of the concreteness +vehicles data from two or more Vehicle Interface. In this case, VIC needs to change two or more +concreteness vehicles data into one abstract vehicles data. +Since this conversion is dependent on H/W of in-vehicle LAN or sensors, so it cannot be +mounted in the VIC itself. +In order to solve this, suppose that the mechanism in which such a conversion module can be +added without reconstruction of VIC is prepared for VIC. +**5.2.12 Telematics Services** +V2V, V2I, RVI, Traffic information, etc. +Page 141 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**5.2.13 Window System** +A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user +interface. A window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing +Units (GPUs), input devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software +component named window manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, +and a routing of user interactions. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multiple windows on a display. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multiple windows owned by multiple +processes to be rendered on a display. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support rendering to off-screen buffer to +achieve flicker less rendering. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support composition of windows with off- +screen buffers. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support a translucent window, i.e. underlying +objects underneath the translucent window is visible depending on the alpha values of pixels. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall make OpenGL/ES 2.0 API compliant to Khronos +group available to clients for their rendering. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that uses only public +APIs provided by Window System and OpenGL/ES 2.0 for rendering and user interaction. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support window manager that is replaceable by +configuration. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall provide a window system that abstracts the +*underlying display subsystem and GPU. AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall hav*e a +Page 142 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +window manager that relies on a standard rendering API such as OpenGL/ES 2.0 only. The +window manager shall not rely on any hardware specific API. A window system and OpenGL/ES +2.0 API are responsible for a hardware abstraction. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multi-headed display where available. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support mirroring of windows to multiple +displays. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support hardware layers, such as DRM planes, +where available. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall compose windows using available hardware +acceleration capabilities. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support management of windows and inputs +from users depending on statuses of a vehicle. The statuses of vehicle include a speed of a +vehicle, a motion of a vehicle, etc. For instance, the inputs may needs to be limited while the +vehicle reaches to the certain speed. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall abstract physical input devices such as buttons, +a touch panel, a control knob etc. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support On-screen keyboard which takes input +from available physical input devices. +**6 Security Services** +Security framework +6.1 Access Control +Access Control describes requirements for AGL Access Control. +Page 143 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Access control is a mechanism to grant / deny access to APIs/files in the system. +**6.1.1 Requirements** +AGL system must support a system-wide access control mechanism. +**7 Operating System Layer** +7.1 Kernel +**7.1.1 Linux Kernel** +Automotive Grade Linux uses the Linux Kernel. The kernel is constantly evolving with a new +release about every sixty days. The automotive industry has design cycles of three to five years +for IVI systems. Somehow a balance must be struck between updating operating system and +kernel every few months and keeping up to date with modern features that the kernel and the +rest of the open source community provides, +**7.1.1.1 Requirements** +AGL kernel shall be based on Long Term Support Initiative (LTSI) kernel. +At the moment LTSI kernel is the only open source/public kernel that gets closer to automotive +industry needs – it has certain automotive industry demanded components integrated, it is fully +aligned with Linux LTS trees so it leverages security fixes and/or generic bugfixes adapted by +Linux community, LTSI kernel merge window is more flexible to industry demands and allow to +accumulate wider set of features, components and bugfixes relevant for industry (comparing to +regular Linux kernel merge/release cycle). LTSI kernel is thoroughly validated manually and with +the help of automated tools to track and discover anomalies and regressions. +AGL development process should utilize bug tracker with ability to mark bugs as open/fixed on +particular distribution branches. Open bugs should have direct impact on release decisions. +Page 144 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +7.2 Boot Loader +7.3 Hypervisor +TBD. Need to add very basic “background” regarding virtualization, explain about OS-level +virtualization/isolation, then about type1/type2 hypervisors (virtualization). In modern IVI +systems OS-level virtualization is widely used (applications isolation, combination of Android +and Linux apps together), future – maybe Linux/IVI + ADAS + Instrument Cluster = guests on +top type1 hypervisor. +**7.3.1 Requirements** +AGL shall provide OS-level mechanisms for running multiple isolated instances (containers) that +have its own directory structure, network devices, IP addresses and process table. The +processes running in other containers shall not be visible from inside a container. +AGL Linux should be configurable to work as Type-1 “bare-metal” hypervisor “guest”. Following +functionality shall be supported by AGL Linux “guest”: +· IPC (with hypervisor and other “guests”) +· +“paravirtualized” device drivers for peripherals shared with other “guests” (unless +virtualization abstraction is supported by hardware) +7.4 Operating System +**7.4.1 File Systems** +File system (FS) requirements for AGL concentrate on Reliability, Accessibility, and Serviceability +as their main characteristics. +· +*Reliability*means data integrity protection, automatic error detection and correction, +tolerance to power failures, robustness under stress I/O load in multi-process +environment, extended lifetime via use of wear leveling and bad block management +techniques. +Page 145 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **FS Requirements** > **R-FS References** + ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------ + > 6. File Systems (P1) > 2. btrfs + > > + > 6.1. Robust File System for managed internal > 2.1. + > > + > storage (P1) > btr + > > + > 6.1.1. Power failure tolerance (P1) > fsc + > > + > 6.1.2. Quick recovery after power loss > k + > > + > (P1) > 3. ext2 + > > + > 6.1.3. Multi-threaded I/O (P1) > 3.1. + > > + > 6.1.4. On-demand integrity checker (P1) > e2 + > > + > 6.1.5. Read-only mode (P1) > def + > > + > 6.1.6. Non-blocking unmounting (P1) > rag + > > + > 6.1.7. Means for optimizing I/O > 4. ext3 + > > + > performance if it may degrade under > 5. ext4 + > > + > certain conditions. (P2) > 5.1. + > > + > 6.1.8. File space pre-allocation (P2) > e4 + > > + > 6.1.9. Meta-data error detection (P2) > def + > > + > 6.1.10. File data error detection (P2) > rag + > > + > 6.1.11. Online integrity checking (P2) > 5.2. + > > + > 6.1.12. Write timeout control (P2) > e2f + > > + > 6.1.13. Compression support (P2) > sck + > > + > 6.1.14. Quota support (P2) > 6. vfat + > > + > 6.1.15. I/O process priority (P2) > 7. UBIFS + > > + > 6.1.16. File system event notifications > 8. Generic + > + > tools and + > + > APIs + > + > 8.1. + > + > fan + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· +*Accessibility*means ability to use external storage devices, as well as accessing +designated parts of internal file system over secure wired or wireless connections. +· +*Serviceability*means ability to upgrade AGL as a whole or by updating individual +packages, and availability of file system checking and optimization tools. +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +(P2) +6.1.17. Logical block size control (P2) +6.1.18. Snapshots (P2) +6.2. File System for non-managed internal +storage (P1) + +May 28, 2015 + +otif + +y + +8.2. + +fst + +rim + +6.2.1. All P1 requirements from +FS.1.1.x list (P1) +6.2.2. Wear leveling (P1) +6.2.3. Error detection/correction (P1) +6.2.4. Tolerance to flipping bits (P1) +6.2.5. Read/write disturb awareness +(P1) +6.2.6. Bad block management (P1) +6.2.7. As many P2 requirements from +FS.1.1.x list as possible (P2) +6.2.8. Wear leveling statistics (P2) +6.3. File Systems for removable storage (P1) +6.3.1. Restricted functionality from +security point of view (P1) +6.3.2. Automount/autounmount (P1) +6.3.3. Automatic synchronous flushing +of modified data to physical media (P2) +**7.4.1.1 Requirements** +AGL shall provide a set of file systems to support the following types of storage devices: +internal managed (SSD, eMMC, etc.), internal non-managed (raw NOR and NAND FLASH +memory), removable managed (USB stick, SD card). +AGL shall provide robust file system suitable for use on managed internal storage devices, +Page 147 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL shall provide robust file system suitable for use on non-managed internal storage devices, +AGL shall provide a set of file systems popular on removable media devices. +A system must be able to withstand power failures under heavy load of meta-data-intensive, +and data-intensive operations, including power-failures during OS startup, and shutdown. +A file system must be able to restore good data and meta-data state after unexpected power +interruption without performing the full time-consuming integrity check. Such recovery should +not add more than a second to the normal boot process after power failure on idle system. +Normally this is achieved via journal- or log-based (also known as transactional or copy-on- +write) operation. +A file system must be able to handle meta-data-intensive, and data-intensive I/O from multiple +threads and/or processes simultaneously. +A file system must have integrity checking tool with ability to execute it on-demand. +A file system must be able to switch between read-only, (when no data is committed to physical +storage device), and read/write modes in runtime. E.g. via “mount –o remount,ro <device>” +command. +AGL must support “lazy” (delayed) unmounting. +AGL should provide means for optimizing potentially degraded I/O performance after prolonged +file system and storage use. Often, this refers to offline or online file system defragmentation. +Another example is periodic fstrim execution on SSD storage. +A file system should be able to pre-allocate space for created/extended files on request. This +may be used to minimize fragmentation of frequently written files. +A file system should have an option of automatic error detection in its meta-data. +Page 148 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +A file system should be able to associate error detection codes with separate blocks of stored +data, and to verify the data against the codes in runtime upon each read from a physical device. +A file system should have a utility for meta-data integrity checking on mounted partition. +A file system should allow changing timeout after which it flushes modified data to physical +media. +A file system should support automatic data compression. +It should be possible to enable file system quotas for particular users and/or groups. +AGL should allow to set I/O scheduling class and priority for particular processes. +AGL should allow user space applications to subscribe for file and directory change notifications. +Making logical block size equal to a power of physical block size may improve physical I/O +performance, and decrease file fragmentation impact. +A file system should allow creation of snapshots. +A file system must perform wear leveling before writing data, so that the limited number of +erase/program cycles is evenly distributed across all device blocks. +A file system must support the following error detection/correction algorithm(s): BCH4, BCH8. +A file system should not just be able to detect/correct a number of flipped bits but should also +actively prevent the issue from happening in the first place, especially after unexpected power +interruption. Known techniques include forced reprogramming of blocks that were in use at the +time of power failure, and copying data to a fresh block after detected error correction. +A file system should not just be able to detect/correct errors caused by read/write disturb +Page 149 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +phenomenon but should also actively prevent the issue from happening in the first place. Known +techniques include limiting the number of read cycles between erases, and copying data to a +fresh block after detected error correction. +A file system must perform bad block detection and management transparently to file system +users. +Current FLASH wear-related statistics should be accessible via user-space utility. +A file system must support noexec, and nodev mount options. +A file system must be able to automatically mount plugged-in removable media, and +automatically unmount it when unplugged. +A file system must support sync mount option. +AGL shall provide a set of file systems to support the following types of storage devices: +internal managed (SSD, eMMC, etc.), internal non-managed (raw NOR and NAND FLASH +memory), removable managed (USB stick, SD card). +**7.4.2 Resource Control** +In IVI system, it depends time and occasion that which application and/or middleware should be +higher priority. Resource control provides basic functionality regarding proper resource +allocation for each process and/or process group. +(cgroups) +**7.4.2.1 Use Case and Role** +If end user specified a destination and started route guidance, map drawing following current +position and voice and/or visual guidance should be treated as higher priority than others. +On the other hand, if end user is watching a movie, movie player and decoder should be assigned +Page 150 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- -------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Priority > Allocate resource via its own priority. High priority + > + > process and/or process group should be assigned + > + > more resource. + + > 2 > Time slot > To share resource per time slot. + + > 3 > Release > Forced release of partially or whole allocated + > + > resource. + + > 4 > Grouping > Grouping two or more processes, and allocate + > + > resource per defined process group. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +to higher priority than others. +Important point is that it may assign two or more high priority application and/or middleware at +the same time. And, one function may be provided from two or more processes. +Table 9-33 describes the role of resource control to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +AGL assumes four types of resources, CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network +bandwidth. Table 9-34 describes associated roles per each resource type. +**Table 9-34 : Functions of System Resource Management** +**7.4.2.2 Requirements** +7.4.2.2.1 Priority +System provides a mechanism to set resource priority per each process. +Page 151 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System provides an interface to set and refer resource priority of specific process. +This interface must be called from other process. +CPU resource must support “priority” based resource management. +Resource Manager should dynamically change the ratio of offering resources according to the +status of resources using by system. And its configuration must be changed easily. +Resource Manager should log the status of resources using by system. +Resource Manager should offer resources separately to threads of user land and threads of +kernel. And Resource Manager should treat the bottom half and software interrupts as high +priority tasks. +7.4.2.2.2 Time Slot +When two or more process request to same resource at the same time, system must provide a +mechanism to mediate to guarantee the time slot to obtain specific timeframe for each +processes. +System must provide an interface to set specific timeframe to obtain time slot per each process. +System must provide a mechanism of resource sharing by time slot regarding CPU, storage +bandwidth and network bandwidth. +Scheduler should detect the status of resources for each thread. +Scheduler must not run the specific thread for more than 10 micro second. +Scheduler should guarantee that threads can run periodically. +Scheduler should control the dispatches that occur extremely. +Page 152 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +7.4.2.2.3 Release +System must provide an interface to release all or partial resource which had obtained by +specific process. +System must provide a mechanism of resource releasing regarding memory resource. +7.4.2.2.4 Grouping +System must provide a mechanism to group two or more processes regarding resource +management such as priority, time slot and releasing. System must able to assign same +attributes to grouped processes altogether. +System must provide an interface to group two or more processes from other process. +System must provide a mechanism to group regarding CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and +network bandwidth. +**7.4.3 Startup/Shutdown Control** +Boot/Shutdown Control is a mechanism to control boot and shutdown of a program running in a +user space. The order of boot/shutdown in the target program can be easily swapped depending +on the product configuration. Boot/Shutdown Control supports both “static order” which +boots/shuts down the program according to the static dependency of each program, and +“dynamic order” which swaps the order dynamically in specific conditions. +**7.4.3.1 Use Cases** +(1) Static Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order +a. +Setting up of Boot/Shutdown Order Based on Product Configuration +To support various product configurations, the integrator configures/modifies orders of boot/shutdown +for all programs running on the target device. +Page 153 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. +Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown during a Program Development +In order to evaluate a developed program, the developer modifies only the order of the developed +program in target programs. +c\. Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown when Software Update +Maintainer modifies the order of boot/shut down for a program to be updated when software update. +(2) Dynamic Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order +a. +Prioritized Boot of the Features which the User was Previously Using +It dynamically modifies the boot order of the target program in order for last used features (e.g. audio) to +be operated by priority when ACC turns ON. +b\. Prioritized Boot of Update Functionalities +Update related programs are booted by priority when connected with maintenance kit and ACC turned +ON. +**7.4.3.2 Requirements** +Boot/Shutdown Control shall start components, which are configured to be started. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall ensure that dependent components are started in the order that +has been configured. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall start independent components in parallel. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall stop components, which are requested to be stopped. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall ensure that dependent components are stopped in the order that +has been configured. +Page 154 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Boot/Shutdown Control shall be configurable by run level to start corresponding modules. +**7.4.4 Database** +Due to the nature of AGL operating environment, it is very important for DB engine to guarantee +database instance integrity after power failures. Other important feature for generic system +database engine is rich set of bindings to various programming languages. +Below is short summary for better understanding of DBS Requirements and References +hierarchy. +1. Power failure tolerance (P1) +2. Quick recovery after power loss (P1) +3. Multi-threaded I/O (P1) +4. API bindings for C programming language +5. On-demand integrity checker (P2) +DB instance integrity must be ensured after power failures under heavy load of read and write +DB transactions. +DB engine must be able to quickly restore good data state after unexpected power interruption. +Such recovery should not add more than a second to the normal boot process after power +failure on idle system. +DB engine must allow read and write access to DB instance from multiple threads and/or +processes simultaneously. +DB engine API must be available for C-based applications. +DB engine should have DB instance integrity checking tool with ability to execute it on-demand. +DB engine must be able to quickly restore to a previously defined state after unexpected power +interruption during adding some data. +Page 155 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +DB engine should have availability to merge some data from internal and external databases, +such as vehicle information database and databases at data center. +And DB engine should have accessibility to allow read access to DB instance during merging. +Also, DB engine should have durability not to break its data after unexpected power interruption +during merging. +**7.4.5 System Update** +Maintenance of in-vehicle devices is also an important role for any automotive system. There are +numerous use cases for updating the device software such as software failure,security patching, +bug fixes, and new features. Because automotive devices are battery operated and subject to +power cuts any System Updates must be robust enough to withstand sudden power loss. +System Update module should have a Robust version up function. +System Update moduleshould have a system difference version up function. +There should be a data update structure for each file or package (same as WindowsUpdate or +apt of Linux distribution). +There should be a data update structure for each file or package (same as WindowsUpdate or +apt of Linux distribution). +Difference update should be enabled for kernel, middle ware and application. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs during update for differences, the system should +be recovered after choosing the status (before or after update) for each update target. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs during update for differences, the status (during +update) should be detected and the system should restart. +Time required for applying patch should be 5 minutes maximum for single 10MByte data. +Page 156 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Memory usage for difference update should be maximum 1Mbyte. +Unit amount for difference data should be 10MByte maximum for difference update. +System Update moduleshould have full version up function for whole system. +Kernel, middle ware and application should be mass updated. System structure should allow +mass update. +There should be mass update structure for kernel, middle ware and application. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs while mass update of kernel, middle ware and +application, the status (during update) should be detected and the system should restart. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs while mass update of kernel, middle ware and +application, the status (during update) should be detected and the system should restart. +7.5 Device Drivers +Device drivers may be in kernel space or user space or a combination of both. +**7.5.1 Peripherals** +Typical IO device drivers such as SPI, USB, memory, I2C that are typically present on a SOC. +The flash process must be robust with an endurance of more than 10k write/erase cycles and +data retention over 15-years/10 ppm, assuming application specific worst-case conditions. For +optimised timing for downloading and restoring data the programming access time shall be less +than 50 s/byte average. +The EEPROM process must be robust with an endurance of more than 100k write/erase cycles +and data retention over 15 years/10ppm. Higher programming voltage than 5 V for Flash or +EEPROM is not allowed. +Page 157 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +In applications that need to save data at power down, the programming access time must be +fast. (target <1ms/byte) +N.B. EEPROM functionality can be emulated in flash memory passing the requirements above. +**7.5.2 Graphics Drivers** +Graphics drivers provide the interface to the graphical resources (e.g., GPU) within the system. +This may include on-board graphical resources or a separate GPU from the main SOC. +**7.5.3 Video Drivers** +Video codecs allow the system to decode and/or encode video for playback or recording. Video +codecs will nearly always be hardware based. +**7.5.3.1 Requirements** +The system shall provide device drivers to access any hardware implementation of video +functionality. +**7.5.4 Audio Codecs** +**7.5.4.1 Requirements** +Automotive Grade Linux BSPs shall provide devices drivers to access audio codecs that are +implemented in hardware. +Automotive Grade Linux BSPs should provide software implementations for those audio codecs +that are required for AGL-based products and not supported in hardware. +**7.5.5 Automotive Devices** +Device drivers for automotive related devices. This may includes buses such as CAN, MOST, or +*LIN. Device drivers may be required for receivers (AM, FM, SDARS, etc). Drivers may also be* +Page 158 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +required to directly interface to sensors that may not be on the bus such as gyros used for +navigation or an air bag sensor for a telematics system. +**8 Notices** +Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. +The Linux Foundation and Yocto Project are registered trademarks of The Linux Foundation. +Bluetooth is a registered trademark of the Bluetooth SIG Inc. +Miracast is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. +MirrorLink is a certification mark of the Car Connectivity Consortium. +AirPlay is a trademark of Apple, Inc. +Page 159 of 159 +--- + +title : App/HMI Layer +author: imported from Doors-ng by Fulup(iot.bzh) +date : 2016-06-30 +categories: architecture, automotive +tags: architecture, automotive, linux +layout: techdoc + +--- + + + +** Layout** +The following use cases are considered for Layout. +· +Home Screen developer changes the Home UI by using a customizable layout definition. +Page 9 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 + +## System UI Parts +The use case assumed about System UI Parts is as follows. +· +An application or System uses status bar and on-screen in order to notify information to +a user. +· +User uses the system setting UI in order to change settings. +· User uses software keyboard in order to input characters. + +## Application Management + +The use case assumed about Application Management is as follows. +· +A user downloads and installs or updates the delivery application from application store. +· A user uninstalls the delivery application. +· +A user launches the installed delivery application or the pre-installed application. +· Also a user terminates those applications. + +## Application Switch +The use case assumed about Application Switch is as follows. +· +User switches application via application history or application stack. +· +The system switches application according to Driving Mode status. + +## Application History +Application switching by application history is assumed as follows. +· +The system records the order of the applications in the order in which the application is +displayed. +· +The order of application that is recorded is updated each time the display of the +application is switched. +· +Screen of the application is displayed in the order in which they are recorded in the +history at the time of switching applications. +Page 10 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +‑ Specification of operation +- User runs a swipe from the edge of the application screen area. +‑ Specification of action +- The order of the screen is managed order management list (application history). +- List order update opportunity(Update has determined a display of the application) +- Application starts or stops. +- Allowed to stand between the screen N seconds after the swipe. +‑"N seconds"‑User defines the value of any. +- User to operate the screen after you swipe. +‑"operation"‑Screen tap. Menu display. Other. +Figure 5‑2 represents a sample Home Screen depicting the above mentioned use cases. +Page 11 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 + +## Application Stack +Application switching by application stack is assumed as follows. +· +The user specifies the type of any order. The system records the order of the application +to the rule as of the specified type. +· Examples of the types of any order +· Application start-up order +· +Screen of the application is displayed in the order in which they are recorded in the stack +Page 12 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +when switching applications. +‑ Specification of operation +· +User runs a swipe from the edge of the application screen area. +‑ Specification of action +· +The order of the screen is managed order management list (application stack). +· +List order update opportunity.(Application start-up order as an example) +· +Application that started at the end of the list when the application is started is added. +· +Application that has stopped from the list when the application is stopped will be +deleted. +Figure 5-3 represents the switching example depicting the application of the above switching. +Page 13 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Use Case** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ----------------- --------------- ----------------------------------------- + > 1-1 > Layout > GUI Layout > Function to define a customizable + > > + > definition > GUI Layout definition. + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 + + +## Role of Home Screen +Table 5-1 describes the role of the Home Screen to satisfy the purpose and use cases +Page 14 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1-2 > Change Layout > Function to apply the customized + > + > GUI layout definition. + ------- --------------------- ------------------------ --------------------------------------------- + > 2-1 > System UI Parts > Status Bar > Function to display the + > + > information from application or + > + > system. + > + > Function to quickly access and set + > + > certain system settings. + + > 2-2 > On-screen > Function to display a popup + > + > window such as alert messages. + + > 2-3 > System Setting > Function to display system + > + > settings menu regarding GUI, + > + > such as locale and network. + + > 2-4 > Software > Function to display software + > > + > Keyboard > keyboard. + + > 3-1 > Application > Application > Function to download + > > > + > Management > Management > applications from application + > + > store. Function to install, uninstall + > + > and update the downloaded + > + > applications. + + > 3-2 > Application > Function to launch/terminate + > > + > Launcher > applications. + + > 4-1 > Application > Application List > Function to switch applications by + > > + > Switch > installed application list. + + > 4-2 > Application History > Function which switches + > + > application in order by + > + > applications history. + + > 4-3 > Application Stack > Function to switch application in + > + > any order. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 +## Table 5-2: Relevance of the Role and Purpose +Page 15 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Rich UX** > **Driver** > **Variations** + > > + > **Distraction** > **support** + > + > **mitigation** + ----------- --------------------------- ---------------- ------------------- ------------------ + > 1-1 > GUI Layout definition > ‑ > ‑ > ‑ + + > 1-2 > Change Layout > ‑ > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-1 > Status Bar > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-2 > On-screen > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-3 > System Setting > ‑ > ‑ + + > 2-4 > Software Keyboard > ‑ > ‑ + + > 3-1 > Application Management > ‑ > ‑ + + > 3-2 > Application Launcher > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-1 > Application List > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-2 > Application History > ‑ > ‑ + + > 4-3 > Application Stack > ‑ > ‑ + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 +## Requirements + +### Layout + +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for customizable GUI layout definition by each vehicle +type, each destination and each grade. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for a customizable GUI layout definition for different +vehicle type, destination and grade. +GUI layout definitioncan be definedsuch as the following items: +(In addition, items that can be defined is not limited to the following.) +· screen resource (Display, Layer Type, Area) +Page 16 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· sound resource (Zone, Sound Type) +· input resource (Device, Event Type) +· UI Component to be used in the entire system +· transition effect (Animation effect) +· Background image +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to apply customized GUI layout definition. + +### System UI Parts +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to display two or more information simultaneously to +the status notification area. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to displaying status to status notification area. +· Current Time: Displaying clock capability +· +Icons of Status: Displaying icons for notify information from applications +· +Status Message: Displaying text for notify information from applications +· +Communication Status: Status of mobile communication and wireless communications +(Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.) +Home screen must provide an interface to retrieve information from application for notification. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show popup window into on-screen window. +Home Screen must provide GUI method to hide on-screen window by user operation. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to hide on-screen window within a specified duration. +Home Screen must provide an interface for applications to request to show popups. +Home Screen must provide an interface for applications to cancel the previously requested +popup. +Page 17 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show text information, draw images and show +software switch like button in the on-screen window. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to specify attributes such as position and size of On- +screen window. +Home Screen must support a mechanism to specify other window display effect when the On- +screen window is displayed. (e.g. tone down) +Home Screen must provide system setting menu regarding GUI, such as locale and network. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change current date and time setting. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change timezone setting. +· +The platform must set up the date, time and timezone according to a current position +automatically. +· +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to set up turning on and off of the automatic +date/time/timezone setup. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change language setting. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change wireless communications (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, +etc.) setting. +· Enable/Disable +· Connect/Disconnect +· Search the devices +· Display the list of available and/or registered devices +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change mobile communication setting. +· Enable/Disable +Page 18 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· A setup and change of various attributes +· Display the list of registered devices and select device +HomeScreen must support to change the appearance of a screen to a user's liking. +These are as follows. +· Tone of a screen. +· Appearance of a window frame. +· Animation effect when screen transition was occurred. +Home Screen must support a mechanism to set or change master audio volume. +Home Screen must support a mechanism to set or change display brightness. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show software keyboard. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to apply default settings (e.g. theme, local, wallpaper) +to a new user, when a user is added by the User Manager. + +### Application Management +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to manage downloaded application package. +· Display downloaded application list from application store. +· Download the application +· Install the downloaded application +· Uninstall the downloaded application +· Update the downloaded application +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to launch the application. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to terminate the application. +Page 19 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 +### Application Switch +Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show the list of installed applications. +Examples of assumed application list +· list of application name +· list of application’s icon +· list of live thumbnail for all the running applications +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for switching display application in order by application +history. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for the application stack in any order. For example, +such as launch order or display order. +Home Screen must provide a mechanism for the system to switch applications. +For example, when Driving Mode changes, system must be able to switch application based on +policy. + +## Application Framework Layer +The Application Framework layer provides the methods needed to create software applications +and their user interfaces. The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of +which may be built into an SDK or product build. The application framework contains any code +specifically written for that framework as well the bindings to the Services and Operating +Systems layers that the application framework provides for its applications. +4.1 AGL Application Framework +The AGL Application Framework provides basic services to all applications regardless of the +framework they are implemented in so that there is a standard method providing the services. +Page 20 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 + +### Application Manager +Application Manager describes requirements for AGL application lifecycle function. Application +lifecycle contains application installation/removal and launch/hide/resume/kill. + +### Requirements +AGL System must support application lifecycle (install/uninstall, launch/kill, suspend/resume) based on +appid/pid via launcher. +AGL System must support a database to store application metadata (appid, exec path etc.). +AGL System must provide an interface to get a list of installed applications. +AGL System must provide an interface to get the state of an application. +AGL System must provide application privilege control. + +### Window Manager +A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user interface. A +window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), input +devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software component named window +manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, and a routing of user interactions. +A window manager is as software component that is responsible for a layout management of +windows. +Window manager of automotive middleware layer makes up for traditional window management +system to be satisfied IVI’s complex requirements, typically requested from Policy Manager. +Also, AGL aims to provide well-portability among various hardware platforms. +Page 21 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- ----------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Window drawing > Provide capability to draw a window to any place + > + > and any size and any scale. + > + > Also provide capability to change visibility of the + > + > window. + + > 2 > Overlay of multiple > Provide capability to overlay two or more windows + > > + > windows > with any z-order. + > + > Also provide capability to use hardware layer + > + > efficiently. + + > 3 > Visual effect > Provide capability to adapt visual effect as below. + > + > · Animation effect to change visibility + > + > · Animation effect to transit between two or + > + > more windows + > + > · Visual effect for a window, such as gray-out + > + > and transparent. + + > 4 > Frame rate control > Provide capability to control dynamic frame rate + > + > change. This is useful if system resource was + > + > shortage. + + > 5 > Multiple hardware layer > Provide capability to use hardware layer efficiently + > > + > support > if hardware supports two or more hardware layers. + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 +#### Use Case +Please refer “screen resource control” of Policy Manger section. + +#### Role +Table 7-148 describes the role of window manager to be satisfied above purpose and use +cases. +Page 22 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 6 > Reduced dependency of > Provide well-defined interface to reduce + > > + > hardware > dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface + > + > also makes it possible to increase the effect of + > + > portability and development cost. + ----- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ + > 7 > Multi window / multi > Support multi window management and multi + > > + > display > display. + + > 8 > Compatibility > From the compatibility point of view, AGL should + > + > use public API, and shall not rely on hardware + > + > specific API. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 +#### Requirements +4.1.2.3.1 Window Drawing +System must provide a mechanism to manage surfaces, such as create, delete, make visible and +make invisible. +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete surface. +When surface is created or deleted, system must notify status change to GUI resource. +This notification mechanism makes possible to assign surface to proper area by GUI resource. +System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each surface. +And, provide an interface to change visibility. +All the surfaces must be set to invisible for initial state. +Surface will be visible only if GUI resource issues to change visibility. +System must provide a mechanism to move surface’s area. If area size was different between +previous area and new one, then system must support to fit into new area by VIC.4.1.4. +*System must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area. Because, size of area may differe*nt +Page 23 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +from size of surface. +If resize was happened, system must notify to surface’s owner application. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by squeeze. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by using combination of scaling and trimming function. +That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect +ratio. This makes it possible to fit by “pan & scan”. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by using combination of scaling and background color. +That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect +ratio. System also provides a mechanism to fill background color into redundant pixels. This +mechanism makes it possible to do “letterbox” method. +4.1.2.3.2 Overlay of Multiple Windows +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete a layer. +Layer must have a concept of z-order. That means, display order for each layer is decided by +their z-order attribute. +Z-order attribute is fixed value. So, if application wants to change display order of surfaces, +then, attached layer must be changed. +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete “area” to display surface. +Area is a concept which defines where to display in specific layer. +System must provide a mechanism to attach surface to any layer. +Also, system must be able to change attached layer. +And, provide an interface to attach and change. +Page 24 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to assign surface to any area in a layer. +And, provide an interface to assign surface to any area. +System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each layer. +That means all the surfaces belonging to same layer will be changed visible or invisible at the +same time. +And, provide an interface to change visibility per layer. +Initial state must be set to invisible. +System must provide a mechanism to enable superimposed display based on z-order of each +layer, and disposition of surfaces. +4.1.2.3.3 Visual Affect +System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when visibility change was +happened. +Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes. +- Duration +Animation type +System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom- +out. +Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by +plug-in architecture. +System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when move surface was happened. +Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes. +· Duration +Animation type +System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom- +Page 25 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +out. +Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by +plug-in architecture. +System must provide a mechanism to make effect to surface. +And, provide an interface to set effect type from application and other software components. +System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to gray-out. +System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to low brightness +System must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change effect for surface easily by plug-in +architecture. +4.1.2.3.4 Frame Rate Control +System must provide a mechanism to reduce frame rate independent from refresh interval of +application. +System also provides a mechanism to set frame rate as 0fps, independent from refresh interval +of application. +This function is useful to keep whole system quality even if high load status, such as live +thumbnail and moving surface. +4.1.2.3.5 Multiple Hardware Layer Support +If hardware supports two or more hardware layers, system must provide a mechanism to use +hardware layers efficiently. +· +Never use software overlay when superimposing two or more hardware layers +Assign hardware layer for graphical high load function, such as video playback +4.1.2.3.6 Reduced Dependency of Hardware +Page 26 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Window Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding displays and layers of +each display. And system must provide a mechanism to adapt any structure without re-build, +such as by using re-configuration. +4.1.2.3.7 Multi Window +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall manage multiple windows owned by multiple +processes on a display. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multi-headed display. +4.1.2.3.8 Compatibility +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that uses only public +APIs provided by Window System and OpenGL/ES 2.0 for rendering and user interaction. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that relies on a +standard rendering API such as OpenGL/ES 2.0 only. The window manager shall not rely on any +hardware specific API. +A window system and OpenGL/ES 2.0 API are responsible for a hardware abstraction. +**4.1.3 Policy Manager** +**4.1.3.1 Overview** +4.1.3.1.1 Purpose +Policy Manager collects information and makes decisions based on them. To do that, Policy +Manager collects lots of status, such as user operation and application status, then issue Vehicle +Info Control or Resource Control to provide information. Policy Manager controls two types of +resource, one is called “GUI resources” such as screen and sound, and other one is called +Page 27 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +“System resources” such as CPU and memory. +4.1.3.1.2 GUI Resources +(1) Definition +· About Control of GUI Resources +AGL is supposed the following devices in this feature. For example, display with touch panel, +speaker, and microphone. And AGL defines that “GUI resources” are resources that provide user +or is provided by user on those devices, such as windows, sound streams and input events. +**Figure 7-1: GUI resources** +Page 28 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager controls GUI resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy +Manager limits the information of GUI resources while the vehicle is driving, because, the too +much information distracts the attention of driver from driving operations. +· Associated Software Architecture +The software architecture of Policy Manager and related components regarding GUI resources +control is as below. +**Figure 7-2: Associated Software Expected Use Case** +Page 29 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Component** > **Description** + > + > **.** + ---------- ------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Homescreen > Request to control of GUI resources. + + > 2 > Applications > Request to output or input of GUI resources. + + > 3 > UI Component > Receive driving mode and day night mode. And + > + > then provide the corresponding feature to + > + > applications UI such as input limitation and + > + > changing the theme. + + > 4 > Application Manager > Detect application installation. Then Notify the + > + > definition of GUI resources such as role by + > + > application configurations. + + > 5- > Vehicle > Window Manager + > > + > 1 > Info + > + > Control + + > 5- > Sound Manager + > + > 2 + + > 5- > Input Manager + > + > 3 + + > 5- > Vehicle Info Distributor + > + > 4 + + > 5- > User Manager + > + > 5 + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager is related with the below components. +(2) Role +Page 30 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **ID** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > External condition > (1) Receives the external conditions. + > + > collection + + > 2 > Judgment of priority of > (1) Receives the input/output/control request of + > > + > GUI resource > GUI resources. + > + > (2) Judgment the GUI resource owner according to + > + > external conditions. + + > 3 > GUI resource control > (1) Issue the GUI resource control according to + > + > judgment. + > + > (2) Notify the driving mode and day night mode + > + > that is calculated by external conditions. + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager has the below role. +Page 31 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Figure 7-3: Definition of Role** +GUI resource classifies screen resource, sound resource and input resource. Details of each +resource type are as follows: +a. Screen Resource +a-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager collects the below definition that is related with screen resource. +**Figure 7-4: Definition of screen resource** +• Concept of Display, Layer, Layout and Area +AGL supports not only one physical display but also two or more displays. Each display has one +or more layer. And each layer must be connected to one layout defined by Homescreen. Layout +Page 32 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +consists of one or more areas. “Area” is graphics composed area to display specific graphics +window. +The z-order of layers is flexible. Policy Manager decides the z-order of each layer depending on +objectives of them. For example, layer-1 was used as “phone call notification”, and layer-2 was +used as displaying “map”, then Policy Manager will decide that layer-1 should be upper than +layer-2. +Layer is created by application including Homescreen. When application creates layer, +application specifies layer type. Layer type is roughly categorized as “Basic” and “Interrupt”. +“Basic” layers are used to display application itself such as media playback, map drawing and +setting menu. “Interrupt” layers are used to display overlay windows such as information alert +and enlarged view. +When application creates layer with ”Basic” type, application must specify layout type for it. On +the other hand, the case layer with “Interrupt”, application must specify corresponding “Basic” +layer. The layout of “Interrupt” layer is followed by “Basic” layer’s layout. +From the capability of Policy Manager point of view, the main purpose of layer is to decide z- +order. In other words, if there is a scenario to change z-order of two or more windows triggered +by system status change and/or user operation, then such kind of window must assign to +individual layer. +• Concept of Layer Owner, Role and Surface +“Layer owner” is application which created that layer. “Layer owner” can request each area of +that layer. When “Layer owner” requests specific area, “Layer owner” also specify “Role” of +area. “Role” represents how to be used that area, and used to define z-order of layers by Policy +Manager. +“Layer owner” also can request to change “Role” for specific area, however, whether “Role” +change is acceptable or not is decided by Policy Manager by using policy rule. +One area should connect to one graphics window. AGL defines the term “Surface” as graphics +window to display into one area. +Page 33 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Surface is a canvas to draw graphical image by application. To show via physical display, surface +drawn by application must be assigned to specific area. Figure 7-16 describes simplest example +to assign one surface to full screen with one layer. If layer has two or more areas, then +corresponding surfaces are mapped to each area. According to example of Figure 7-16, surface +is fit to area size as “squeeze”, however AGL also provide a way to fit as “letterbox” and “pan & +scan”. +**Figure 7-5: Definition of Surface** +• Subdivision of “Interrupt” Layer +Basically, “Basic” layer corresponding to “Interrupt” layer is used to display application’s main +surface. However there are some exceptions. For example virtual keyboard is not needed main +surface. However, to follow this layer type rule, virtual keyboard must have corresponding +“Basic” layer. But this “Basic” layer never used to display. Also on-screen, such as alert message +is not needed main surface too. But it must have corresponding “Basic” layer from same reason. +According to above concept and some exceptions, AGL defines four layer types described +as Table 7-3. +Page 34 of 159 + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Type** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- + > 1 > Basic > This is application’s basic screen. Typically, > Map of navigation + > + > application requests this layer at first time. + + > 2 > Interrupt > This is application’s popup screen. > Enlarged view of + > + > navigation + + > 3 > On-screen > This is system popup screen. Typically, On- > Warning message + > > + > screen service (e.g. Homescreen) requests > popup + > + > this layer. + + > 4 > Software > This is the software keyboard screen. > Software keyboard + > > + > keyboard > Typically, software keyboard service + > + > requests this layer. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + > **No** > **Contents** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ + > 1 > Role > This is screen owner (such as application or > Navigation + > + > service) role. + + > 2 > Sub role > This is specific screen role. > Enlarged view + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +a-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource +Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each screen resource. Role +is the category name of screen resource priority. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy +Manager. Table 7-4 and Figure 7-6 describes the definition of role and sub role. +Role consists of role and sub role. Role is screen owner role such as “Navigation” and “Software +Page 35 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +keyboard”. Sub role defines when layer type of the screen resource is not “Basic”. Sub role is +popup screen role such as “Enlarged view” (of Navigation). +**Figure 7-6: Definition of Role and Sub role** +The screen resources are sorted of priority that is related to role by Policy Manager. If display +has two or more layers, then all layers will be superimposed by z-order. +In addition, Policy Manager decides the area of "Interrupt" layer using role. Area of "Interrupt" +layer must be same area of the related "Basic" layer. "related" means that "Role" (is not "Sub +role") of "Basic" and "Interrupt" is same. For examples, if "Interrupt" layer is set “Navigation” +role and “Lane guidance” sub role, this is set in same area of "Navigation" role. +a-3. GUI resource control +Policy Manager controls the screen resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the screen resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control +directly. +Page 36 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +There are three types of screen resource control: +One is allocation of each surface such as position, size and size-fitting method. +Second one is visibility control. Basically, visibility should be “ON” during area owner was +assigned. However, visibility may set to “OFF” during driving mode due to driving restriction. +Last one is order control of each layer. Policy Manager decides the order of each layer, and issue +z-order information for each layer. +b. Sound Resource +b-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with sound resource. +**Figure 7-7: Definition of Sound Resource** +• Zone +Zone is a place in the car, such as driver zone, passenger zone, rear seat zone. Each zone can +play at the same time. +Page 37 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Type** > **Summary** > **Example** + ---------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------- + > 1 > Basic > This is application’s basic sound. > Music of media + > + > player + + > 2 > Interrupt > This is application’s interrupt sound. > Guidance of + > + > Navigation + + > 3 > Beep > This is beep. Typically, Homescreen > Display touch sound + > + > requests this type. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +• Sound type +Sound type is the category of sound resource. Sound type must be set by each sound resource +owner such as application. If application wants to play sound, it must be assigned to proper +sound type of proper zone. Only one sound stream can occupy specific sound type of specific +zone. In other words, if two or more sound streams should be mixed in same zone, then each +sound stream must assign to individual sound type. +AGL supports the following sound type, however it’s just sample and should be configurable. +• Stream +Stream is connection of sound resource that is made in applications. Sound is transferred in +stream. +b-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each sound resource. Role +is the category name of sound resource. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy +Manager. Figure 7-8 describes the definition of role. +Page 38 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Figure 7-8: Sample Role** +The sound resources in the same zone and same sound type are switched along the priority that +is related to role by Policy Manager. In other words, the sound resources of different zones or +different sound type are not switched. They are mixed. +b-3. GUI Resource Control +Policy Manager controls the sound resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the sound resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control +directly. +There are two types of sound resource control: +One is playback control such as play, pause and stop. Policy Manger issues to play sound for +sound area owner, and if area owner was changed, then issue to stop previous playing sound +Page 39 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +stream and to start play latest area owner. +Other one is volume control. Two or more sound streams of same zone may playback +simultaneously if each sound streams are assigned to different sound type. In this case, Policy +Manager specifies volume parameter for each sound stream. For example, if route guidance and +music playback are mixed, assign higher volume to route guidance and volume down for music +playback. +c. Input Resource +c-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with input resource. +**Figure 7-9: Definition of Input Resource** +• Device Name +Device name is identity of input device such as steering SW and microphone. +• Event Type +Event type is logical group of input event from each input device such as volumes and +temperatures. +c-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +Page 40 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +If application wants to be notified input event, it must request input event notice with device +name and event type. The request is judged whether to notify by Policy Manager using policy +DB. And Vehicle Info Control notifies input event to applications along the result of the +judgment as below. +**Figure 7-10: Definition of routing rule** +OEM special switch means product variant configuration in Figure 7-10. +c-3. GUI Resource Control +Policy Manager controls the input resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the input resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control directly. +Input resource control is to specify event target to Vehicle Info Control. +4.1.3.1.3 System Resources +(1) Definition +Policy Manager controls System resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy +Manager limits memory usage of background applications when memory shortage was occurred. +Page 41 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **ID** > **Role** > **Description** + ---------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > External condition > (1) Receives the external conditions. + > + > collection + + > 3 > System resource control > 1. Issue the System resource control according + > + > to external condition change. + > + > 2. Kill process(s) forcibly according to external + > + > condition change. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager controls System resources by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. So, +target resources are CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network bandwidth. +**4.1.3.2 Requirements** +4.1.3.2.1 Screen Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the physical display information. Because system +uses physical display information with to control surface to other system. The receive +information must include as follows. +a. ID +b. Display resolution (Vertical and horizontal number of pixels) +c. DPI +d. Connected ECU +Page 42 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout definition. Layout definition must be +able to identify the all areas of display. As a result, system recognizes the available area list +according to current layout of each display. +The receive definition must include the follows. +a. ID +b. Area list +System must provide a mechanism to receive the area definition. Area is set application surface +by system if the request is accepted by system. As a result, application surface displays on the +device. +The receive request must include the follows. +a. Layout ID +b. ID +c. Area position (Coordinate of the upper-left) +d. Area size (Length \* Width) +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout type of each display. System can specify +the available areas if layout type is defined. The receive information must include the follows. +a. Display ID +b. Layout ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the priority rule. Because system must judge the +providing resource using it when the request is collision. +The receive information must include the follows. +a. Role +b. Priority +System must provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system must judge +driving mode. +The receive information must include the follows. +a. Velocity +Page 43 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Brake status +System should provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system should judge +day night mode. +The receive information should include the follows. +a. The brightness of the interior +System should provide a mechanism to receive the user status. Because system should judge the +providing resource using it. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the infrastructure status. Because system should +judge the providing resource using it. +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layer request. System allocates the physical +resource. Application must request the area on this layer if application needs to display the +resource. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +b. Layer type +The receive request should include as follows. +c. Display ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the area request. System sorts layers in order by +priority that is related with the specified role. Then system displays the application surface on +the specified area on the specified layer. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +Page 44 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Layer ID +The receive request must include as follows when layer type of the specified layer is “Basic”. +Because there is a specification that the area on layer except basic type must be located on the +related basic type area. +c. Area ID +**Figure 7-11: Sequence to display** +System should provide an interface to request both screen and sound resource simultaneously. +In this request, requester should choose below options. +a. +Requester needs both screen and sound. For example, if screen resource was available, +but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher priority, then, request should +be refused. +b. +Requester wants screen and sound resource as much as possible. For example, if screen +resource was available, but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher +priority, then, only screen resource should be assigned to requester. +Page 45 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly +release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release request during system +running. System should raise the requested surface to the top of the display. +The receive request should include the follows in addition to the information of the normal +request. +a. Effective period (Can set unlimited) +System should not raise the other surface above its during effective period. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of display surface +System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources. The screen resources are +sorted of priority that is related to role by system. If display has two or more layers, then all +layers will be superimposed by z-order. +System must provide a mechanism to judge visible surfaces according to vehicle running state. +System must hide the surface that has too much information. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Visible / Invisible +b. Change position +c. Raise +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Surface ID \*Only case of visible. +ii. Display ID \*Only case of visible. +iii. Layer ID \*Only case of visible. +Page 46 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +iv. Position (Coordinate of the upper-left) \*Only case of visible and change position. +v. Size (Length \* Width) \*Only case of visible. +System should provide a mechanism to set the following effect of the surface to other system. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of display surface +4.1.3.2.2 Sound Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the zone definition. Because system uses zone +information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must include as +follows. +a. ID +b. Sound device ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the sound type definition. Because system uses +sound type information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must +include as follows. +a. ID +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive +request during system running. +Page 47 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +b. Zone ID +c. Sound type ID +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly +release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release receive request during +system running. +The receive request should include as follows in addition to the information of the normal +request. +a. Effective period (Can set unlimited) +System must assign resource owner as requested. And system must not assign resource owner +by other request on same area during effective period. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of output sound +System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources when there are two or more +resources on same sound type on same zone. System judges the providing resource by priority +of resources that is related to role. +\* Boundary of the role between Policy Manager and application. +Page 48 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Figure 7-12: Boundary of role (Case of reverse) +System should provide a mechanism to manage order of the owner request. Because system +should provide a mechanism to hold the request until the request is approved. +For example, if current playing interrupt sound completed, select the next play interrupt sound +from request history based on the priority. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Mute / Unmute +b. Change zone +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Stream ID +ii. Device +In the case of multi-channel speaker, the receive request should include as follows. +iii. Channel ID +Page 49 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System should provide a mechanism to set the below effect of the sound to other system. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of output sound +4.1.3.2.3 Input Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the input device information. Because system uses +input device information with to control input event to other system. The receive information +must include as follows. +a. ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the event type definition. Because system uses +input device definition with to control input event to other system. The receive definition must +include as follows. +a. ID +b. Related event IDs +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive +request during system running. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Input device ID +Page 50 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Event type ID +System should provide a mechanism to judge whether to accept request according to the +limitation routing rule of policy DB. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Set the routing rule +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Input device ID +ii. Event type ID +The receive request must include either as follows. +iii. The allowed application +iv. The denied application +System should provide a mechanism to set the following information. +a. Application that has active surface +System should notify the touch event from touch panel to user operating application. This +feature is needed because there may be case that privilege application such as Homescreen +changes the active surface. +4.1.3.2.4 System Resources +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to collect external conditions to be used by Policy Manager +to decide proper system resource. +Page 51 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager must detect creation and deletion of process. +To detect creation of process, Policy Manager can assign proper system resource to created +process. +Also, to detect deletion of process, Policy Manager can assign resources of deleted process to +other active processes. +To assign proper system resource to specific process, system must provide a mechanism to +identify process’s role. In other words, Policy Manager must recognize the purpose of each +active process. +Policy Manager must detect current memory consumption periodically. +To detect current memory consumption, Policy Manager can control maximum memory to each +process to prevent memory shortage. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which were +thought as not so important process. +Policy Manager must detect current CPU consumption periodically. +To detect current CPU consumption, Policy Manager can control priority to each process to keep +system performance. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which seem to be in unexpected +busy state. +System must provide a mechanism to notify application status change to Policy Manager. +Application status includes as below. +· GUI resource status, such as foreground or background. +· +Resuming last status or not. When system starts up or log-in user changes, system must +resume last status. In this case, Policy Manager should assign much resource to last +application to resume quickly as much as possible. +(2) System Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to change assigned system resource per process or process +group according to external conditions. +According to policy based decision, Policy Manager must assign proper system resource to +target process or process group by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. (typically cgroups +Page 52 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +will be used) +System must provide a mechanism to kill process or process group forcibly. +4.1.3.2.5 Resource Management +Resource Management shall consist of three functional components - Resource Manager, Policy +Manager, Connection Manager. +Resource Management shall provide CORBA interfaces to rest of the components in the system. +Each resource request shall be in form a: +AppID, +SourceID, +RequestorZoneID, +NeedAll Flag (to specify if all the resources need to be allocated ), +Required Resource List. +Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Audio Sinks (eg: Cabin +Speakers, HeadPhones) +Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Video Sinks (eg: Display) +Resource Management shall be able to handle Source arbitration (Mic, WavPlayer instances, +Tuners etc.) +Resource Management shall be able to validate all the input parameters for a resource request +from resource requestors. +Resource Management shall be able to keep track of all the available resources. +Use CCF data to identify all the resources that are possible in the system. (static identification) +Page 53 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Use dynamic registration by the resource owners to identify what resources out of the above list +are available at a point of time in the system. (dynamic identification) +Resource Management shall inform about resource availability and unavailability in the system +through status update. +Resource Management shall support stacking/queuing of resource requests. +> Receive the requests from the resource requestors. +> Handle each request in chronological order and check for policy validation through Policy +Manager. +> Add the validated requests into a priority queue. +> Process each request from the top of the queue for establishing the connection. +> If a request is still in the pending queue and the requestor requests to withdraw the request, it +shall be removed from the queue. +Each request for resource shall be handled as an independent request irrespective of any earlier +request by the same requestor. In case of multiple resources requested in a single request, it +shall be treated as a single request and will be processed based on the request parameters. +If the NeedAll flag is set by the requestor, it shall either grant all the requested resources to the +requestor or none of them shall be granted. There shall be no partial allocation of resources. +If the NeedAll flag is not set, it shall be able to do partial allocation of resources i.e. grant +some/all of the resources requested by the requestor. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to a request owner to remove/withdraw an +existing resource request. +Resource Management shall check for every requested resource against a pre-defined set of +policies if the request can be served at this point of time or not. Below is a list of possible inputs +for the policy decision: +> Currently Free or InUse Sink status +> Who is the resource owner of the currently used sink resource (if it is in use) +Page 54 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +> Priority of the new requestor compared to the currently using requestor. +Resource Management shall use the system state as an additional input to make a decision if a +request can currently be serviced or not. Below system states can be taken as input to the +policy decision: +> Based on the speed restriction setting for a specific region, a request can be granted/kept +pending. +> Low Power Mode, Eco Mode, System errors shall also be used to make policy decisions. +At any point of time it shall maintain the following information for each ZONE for use by +resource requestor: +> Zone ID +> Allocated Source Instance +> Allocated Sink Instance +> Mute status +Resource Management shall not consider requirements to achieve a specific feature functionality +(e.g. : Lowering audio volume of rest of the sinks when a phone call is in progress) as an input to +the resource management policy. +Resource Management shall not provide support for requirements to achieve a specific feature +functionality (e.g.: Pausing a pausable source when phone call is in progress). +Resource Management shall maintain priorities for all non-entertainment sources (eg: +AMFM\_TA, PHONE\_NORMAL, NAV\_VG, etc. shall all have priorities). In case two sources have +same priority, the first requestor shall be granted a resource. In case of difference in priorities, +the highest priority resource request shall be the one that is granted the resource. +Resource Management shall maintain same priority for all entertainment sources (eg: MP, DVD, +AMFM\_NORMAL, etc. shall all have the same priority). The last received Entertainment resource +request will be the one that is granted the resource. +A valid (parameter and policy validated) resource request shall never be denied to the requestor. +It shall either be granted or kept as a pending request in the priority queue. +Page 55 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Resource Management shall be responsible for reporting a broken resource status. +It shall be the responsibility of the resource requestor to remove the request from Resource +Manager if the resource is no longer needed. +Resource Management shall assign a sink instance (the specific instance allocated out of all +available instances of the requested sink type for a particular zone) to a resource request, once +the request is granted against the set policy. +Resource Management shall maintain connection state of an already granted connection. +Possible connection states are Active or Passive. +> When a source has the primary (master) control over a sink, the connection state will be +active. +Ex: In normal mode, a driver requesting for AMFM source to Driver HeadPhone Sink connection. +> When a source has the secondary (slave) control over a sink, the connection state will be +passive. +Ex: Driver using the AMFM source, at the same time the rear passenger requesting for same +AMFM source on Rear headphone sink. +Resource Management shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink +connection using the underlying platform support. +Resource Management shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink +connection using the underlying platform support. +Resource Management shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is +removed/released. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute the audio sink when a connection is +re-established and the active source is ready to use the sink for audio routing. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink. +Page 56 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Resource Management shall inform the resource requestor when the sink is connected and ready +to be used for audio routing. +Resource requestor needs to inform the Resource Manager when they are ready to start audio +routing. This information shall be used to unmute the allocated sink. +Resource Management shall maintain the system connection table at any point of time. +Connection table contains information regarding which sink is currently allocated to which +source instance. +Resource Management shall support handling of change in behaviour based on Limo setting: +> Share the source between the Rear Seat headphone (Limo mode owner) and Cabin Speakers. +System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks +are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally +1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC. +The number of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter. +Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks. +In case of Foreground sources and Tuner interrupt sources, any sink that is taken away from a +source because of a high-priority interruption, need to be returned back to the previous source +(if the request from the previous source is still valid and it's the next highest priority request). +As part of requirement to improve connection handling efficiency, it shall have exceptions to not +disconnect the active connection while switching between any Tuner Source-Sink Background +connection to another Tuner Interrupt Source with same sink connection. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sources. +Page 57 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall provide the error state information about all resources to the Platform Error State +Manager. +It shall inform the resource requestors in case the request is for an erroneous or faulty sink. +It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data. +It shall support rules/exceptions (Blacklist) that define resource allocation strategy based on +current system scenario. +E.g.: If there is a blacklist rule that says a Speech session shall not be allowed while phone call +is in progress, then even if a FG sink is available, Speech shall be denied resources and kept as a +pending request. +It shall provide an interface to receive Limo mode setting status. +It shall provide an interface to receive status when a rear-user selects to take Cabin control. +It shall use interfaces of early app to receive information if it's already using Audio/Video +resources and update its internal status accordingly. +On any change in input to the Policy Manager (system state) it shall reevaluate all active +connections and reconnect or disconnect if required. +E.g. An Amp gets disconnected, then all active connects have to be disconnected. +Once the Amp gets reconnected, the connection info shall be reevaluated and final set of +connections shall be rebuilt with Amp. +It shall provide CORBA interfaces to the Resource Manager. +Page 58 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink connection using the underlying +platform support. +It shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink connection using the +underlying platform support. +It shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is removed/released. +It shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink. +System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks +are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally +1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC. +The no. of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks. +Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks. +It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data. +**4.1.4 Sound Manager** +A sound manager is a mechanism in which a sound output demand in two or more zones from +two or more applications is arbitrated, an audio server manages control of a sound output and a +policy manager manages a mediation rule. +Page 59 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ + > 1 > Routing sound streams > To route each sound stream to proper zone(s). + + > 2 > Mixing level control > Mixing two or more sound streams after volume + > + > control of each sound streams. + + > 3 > Sound effect > Provide a capability of sound effect as follows, + > + > · When changing sound stream. E.g. fade-in, + > + > fade-out and cross-fade. + + > 4 > Reduced dependency of > Provide well-defined interface to reduce + > > + > hardware > dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface + > + > also makes it possible to increase the effect of + > + > portability and development cost. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +A zone is a place in the car divided by the purpose of output power of sound like a driver zone, a +passenger zone, and a rear seat zone. Each zone can play at the same time. Refer to "Sound +resource" of "7.1.1.2 (2) Role" of "7.1 Policy Manager" for the details of a zone. +Applications that play and capture audio via the audio server, applications that control things like +volume and routing via the audio server, and a policy manager that works with the audio server +to implement automatic audio policies. +**4.1.4.1 Use Case** +Please refer “sound resource control” of Policy Manger section. +Table 7-14 describes the role of sound manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +**4.1.4.2 Requirements** +Page 60 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +4.1.4.2.1 Routing Sound Streams +System must provide a mechanism to manage sound “zone”. +Refer to "(2) Sound resource" of "7.3.1.2.2 Role" of "7.3 Policy Manager" for the details of a +zone and how to manage zone. +System must provide a mechanism to manage one or more connected sound devices, and each +channels of each sound device. +One or more sound devices are usually connected to a system, and each sound device consists +of one or more channels. And each channel outputs the sound of a monophonic recording. +For example, as for a stereo sound, a speaker is connected to each of two channels, and it is +arranged at the driver side of a car, and the passenger seat side. If a telephone call is got when +outputting stereo music from both of speakers, only the channel of a driver side needs to lower +musical volume, and needs to mix and output the sound of a telephone (to louder sound than +music). For this reason, the system needs to recognize and control each channel of each sound +device. +The system must determine the route which outputs two or more sound streams to two or more +zones. +Although the output place zone of a sound stream may change dynamically according to the +present state of vehicles and a policy manager makes the decision, sound manager requires the +mechanism in which a route is smoothly changed based on the determination of policy manager. +System must provide a mechanism to manage two or more sound zone as grouped zone. +System must provide a mechanism to do volume control for specific zone. +All the sound outputted to a certain zone is adjusted by the volume of the zone. +System must provide a mechanism to control sound stream. +Control of a sound stream is as follows. +· +Mute/unmute: System must provide a mechanism to do mute or unmute to any sound +stream. +· +Suspend/resume: System must provide a mechanism to suspend or resume to any sound +Page 61 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +stream. +Volume control: System must provide a mechanism to change volume to any sound stream. +4.1.4.2.2 Mixing Level Control +The system must offer the mechanism for arbitrating two or more sound streams outputted to +the same zone according to a policy manager's arbitration. +System must provide a mechanism to do mixing after volume control of each sound streams. +System must provide a mechanism to attenuate sound volume when other sound stream +requested to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to return to the volume before attenuating +the volume of a sound stream when interrupted sound stream was ended. +System must provide a mechanism to mute sound volume when other sound stream requested +to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to unmute sound volume when interrupted +sound stream was ended. +System must provide a mechanism to suspend sound stream playback when other sound stream +requested to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to resume playback when interrupted sound +stream was ended. +4.1.4.2.3 Sound Effect +When sound stream was changed, system must provide a mechanism to do sound effect. +System must provide typical sound effect such as fade in and fade out. +System must provide a mechanism to add, replace and delete sound effect easily by using plugin +architecture. +Page 62 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Input type** > **Associated device** > **Description** + ----------- ------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Key > Steering switch > Simple key event. + > + > Deliver to application. + + > 2 > Keyboard > Virtual keyboard > Keyboard event. + > + > Deliver to application, then use input + > + > method backend if needed. + + > 3 > Touch > Touch panel > Touch event, such as start, stop and move. + > + > Also supports double click and multi-touch + > + > capability. + > + > Deliver to application. + + > 4 > Sound > Microphone > Sound input. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +4.1.4.2.4 Reduced Dependency of Hardware +Sound Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding sound device and channels +of each device. And the system must enable addition/deletion of a sound device by the means +which does not need rebuild of systems, such as a configuration. +**4.1.5 Input Manager** +The Input Manager provides a capability to deliver input events to the proper application +depending on request from Policy Manager. Policy Manager will decide event target per each +input area. Also, the IVI system may use various car-oriented input devices such as steering +switch. Input manager provides a capability to abstract such kind of input event. +**4.1.5.1 Use Case** +Please refer “input resource control” of Policy Manger section. + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- --------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Abstract device event > Provide capability to abstract from device event to + > + > application readable event name, such as “volume + > + > up” and “right arrow”. + + > 2 > Event delivery > Provide capability to deliver input event to specified + > + > application. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Deliver to application or voice recognition +engine. +Table 7-14 describes the role of input manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +**4.1.5.2 Requirements** +**4.1.5.3 Abstract Device Event** +System must provide a mechanism to re-configuration regarding input devices without re-build. +Because, connected input devices may different by car grade, car type, destination and optional +equipment. +**4.1.5.4 Event Delivery** +System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application. +System must provide an interface to apply event delivery rule by using attribute pair “device id” +and “destination application id”. +Device id specifies a logical device name. Logical device name will link to physical device by +UIM.2.1.2. +Page 64 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Also, system must provide a mechanism to change event delivery rule dynamically. +System must provide a mechanism to link between logical device name and physical device. +System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application depending on +delivery rule defined in UIM.2.1.1. +System must provide a mechanism to inhibit any event delivery. +This function makes it possible to restrict input event during driving mode. +**4.1.6 User Manager** +**4.1.6.1 Use Case** +**4.1.6.2 Personal Identification** +User manager provides multi-user environment. A car may be used by two or more people, and a +person may use two or more cars, by using rent-a-car, for example. +**4.1.6.3 User Preference** +Multi-user environment provides same user experience for each user. +Also, multi-user aims seamless personal data sharing not only between cars but also including +other devices such as smartphones and smart TVs. Furthermore, it will include seamless data +sharing from your home and your office. +Identify the person, and log-in to the IVI system as a specified user. Personal identify may be +provided by traditional user name and password pair, smart key or biometrics. +Once a user has logged-in to IVI system, IVI system should provide personalized user +experience. For example, Bob uses English, but Alice uses French. Also, Bob likes rock-music, +*but Alice likes classic-music. In this case, English and rock-music should be selected when B*ob is +Page 65 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +logged-in, and Japanese and classic-music should be selected when Alice is logged-in. +**Figure 7-24 : Provide Logged-in User’s UE (User Experience)** +**4.1.6.4 Rent-a-car and/or Replacing a Car** +When Bob uses a rent-a-car, same preference should be adapted as if he rode his own car. If +Bob’s preference was stored in a cloud, then this can be supported. However, security is +important in this scenario. For example, Bob must not be able to access to other user’s +preference. +**Figure 7-25 : User data sharing between cars** +Page 66 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**4.1.6.5 Seamless Data Sharing** +Cloud-based user data syncing will enable seamless data sharing between IVI systems and +smart-phones, home networks and accessing from your offices. +**Figure 7-26 : User data sharing over the cars** +**4.1.6.6 Role** +**Error! Reference source not found.** describes the role of the User Manager to satisfy the above +purpose and use cases. +**Table 7-17 : Role of User Manager** +**No.** **Role** **Description** +Page 67 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +1 User identification +Provide a mechanism to identify user, such as user +name and password pair, smart key and biometrics. +Provide a mechanism to log-in to the IVI system as +a specified user. +When a different user logs in, proper user +preference for the user must be applied, and +resume last state of corresponding user. +Also, each application can store application’s data +per user. In such cases, proper user data must be +applied when a different user logs in. +2 User preference +Provide a mechanism to apply user preference of +logged-in user. +User preference includes the following data. +· User interface, such as locale and wall- +paper. +· Resume last application’s status of specified +user. +· Application specific data. +3 User data management +Provide a mechanism to manage cloud based user +data. +The following capabilities are required. +· Download user data of the logged-in user +from the cloud. +· Update cloud data if the user data was +updated by user operation or otherwise. +· Periodically sync-up w/ cloud because user +data may be updated by other devices. +In addition to the above basic capabilities, user data +cache is essential for a car, since a car may not +always have a reliable network connection. +4 Security Because cloud based sharing user data may be +accessed from any place, user data must be +protected from unexpected data access. +Page 68 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +So, IVI system must provide security mechanism +regarding accessing to cloud based user data. +**4.1.6.7 Requirements** +4.1.6.7.1 User Identification +System must provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to enter user name and password, and verify password to +identify logged-in user. +System should provide a mechanism to read smart key attribute to identify logged-in user. For +example, using NFC. +System should provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user by using biometrics. +4.1.6.7.2 User Preference +When a logged-in user is identified, system must apply user preference depending on the +currently logged-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to apply personalized user experience as follows. +- Locale settings +- UX theme +Wall paper +System must provide an easy mechanism to add plugin function and/or attribute of personalized +user experience. +Page 69 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to switch application data per user, and apply logged-in +user’s application data automatically. +When user is identified and logged-in, the system must apply last status of logged-in user. Last +status refers to the status of the system as the current logged-in user has last logged-out of the +system. Specifically, last status includes the following. +- Foreground applications. That means displayed applications. +Background applications. +When user logs in for the first time, the system must apply user preference for new log-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to apply default preference attributes for new log-in user. +System must provide default preference attributes and HMI to apply for first time log-in user. +4.1.6.7.3 User Data Management +System must provide a mechanism to manage user data. +AGL defines “user data” as a general term which includes all the data necessary to realize user +preference. +User data shall be stored in the cloud. The cloud provides user data not only to IVI systems but +also other systems and/or devices such as smartphones, Home-PCs, business-PCs, HEMS and +home electronics. +System must provide a mechanism to apply user preference and to supply user data to +application by using cloud based user data. +System must provide a mechanism to download cloud based user data and apply it as user data +of the IVI system. +When user data is updated in the IVI system, then the system must upload updated user data to +the cloud. +Also, since other device or system may update shared user data elsewhere, system must provide +Page 70 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +a mechanism to sync with the cloud periodically to keep user data in the IVI system up-to-date. +Because the IVI system is not necessarily connected to a network, the system must provide a +mechanism to cache downloaded user data. +If the IVI system re-connected to a network, system must sync with the cloud as soon as +possible. +4.1.6.7.4 Security +Because user data may include personal information, system must provide a mechanism to +protect user data from risks including but not limited to leakage, tampering and theft. +System must provide a mechanism to protect user data when accessing to the cloud. +- +System must authenticate communication entity. In other words, IVI system must +authenticate cloud server, and cloud server must authenticate client such as IVI system, +smartphone or PC. +- +System must provide a mechanism to encrypt transported data via a network. +- +System must provide a mechanism to transport data via a network with protection +against falsification of data from unauthorized access or illegal access. +- +Cloud server must provide a mechanism to authenticate individual user, and provide +user data only to the authorized user. +Because, two or more user’s user data may be stored in IVI system as a cache, system must +provide a mechanism to protect cache data from other users. The protection of cached data to +include not only the current multi-user environment risk, but also the risk of attacks against +cached data. In other words, only logged-in user’s cache data can be accessed. +4.2 Web HMI +Web based HMI. Contains applications, web runtime environment, and web-based home screen. +**4.2.1 Web API** +Page 71 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It is discussed that HMI parts of IVI system will be developed using HTML5. APIs to use service +function in IVI system from web applications is needed. Audio Visual API provides APIs for audio +visual equipment control to web applications. (e.g. Media files on storage, CD, DVD, BT-Audio, +Photo, etc.) +Web applications use Audio Visual API to play audio visual contents on IVI system. Use case of +Audio Visual API is shown in Figure 6-1. +**Figure 6-1: Use case of Audio Visual API** +**4.2.1.1 Requirements** +Audio Visual API must provide API to select Audio Visual contents. +· Select content using URL +· +Select content using contents list provided by multimedia subsystem +Page 72 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Audio Visual API must provide API to playback Audio Visual contents. (Media file on storage, CD, +DVD, BT-Audio, Photo, etc.) +· Play +· Pause +· Fast-forward +· Rewind +· Track up +· Track down +· Select playmode (Repeat/Random) +Audio Visual API must provide API to control a volume. +· Volume up +· Volume down +· Mute +Audio Visual API must provide API for metadata access about Audio Visual contents. +Audio Visual API must provide API for notifications. +· The case that playback state is changed +· The case that Audio Visual contents is add / removed +Audio Visual API must provide API to play AM/FM radio. +· Change the frequency. +· Change the broadcasting stations. +· Receive the list of broadcasting stations. +· Select the preset channel. +· Get the information of the broadcasting station. +Audio Visual API must provide API to play digital radio. +· Store the broadcast program information. +Page 73 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Get the broadcast program information. +· Get the play time. +· Play the radio broadcast cached. +AGL System must support a web API to access Vehicle information. +AGL System must support web API to control STT/TTS daemon. +AGL System must support web API to control navi engine. +AGL System needs to provide a Web API to allow peer to peer communication between two web +apps. +AGL System needs to provide an API to allow peer to peer communication between a web app +and a native app. +AGL System must support access control over app to app communications. Service provider +should be able to restrict subscriber. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 DOM, Forms and Styles. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Device APIs: Touch Events, Device Orientation, +Network Information +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Graphics APIs: canvas, canvas 2D context, and SVG +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Media: audio and video tags, user media and web audio +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Communication APIs: websocket, web messaging, +server sent events, session history of browsing context +*AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Storage APIs: Web storage, File, Database, Web S*QL +Page 74 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Security APIs: Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, HTML5 +The iframe element, Content Security Policy 1.0. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 UI APIs: Clipboard, DnD, Web Notifications +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Performance APIs: Web workers, Page Visibility, Timing +control, Navigation timing +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Location API: Geolocation +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Widget: Widget Packaging and XML Configuration, +Widget Interface, XML Digital Signatures for Widgets, Widget Access Request Policy +AGL System must support Khronos WebGL API. +**4.2.2 Web Runtime** +The Web Runtime module contains the bindings for the Web Application Framework to access +the AGL Application Framework and Services. +**4.2.2.1 Requirements** +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide full web application lifecycle management (e.g., +installation/removal). +AGL System Web Runtime shall provide full execution environment for web apps (i.e., launch, +view generation, rendering, etc.) +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to implement plugins/extensions to add +better device/platform integration. +Page 75 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to manage apps' access control and also to +categorize apps with different privileges. +System must provide high level GUI components for Web application. +At least, below components are required. +· Text labels +· Button +· Radio button +· Check box +· Tab panel +· Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation) +· Slider +· Accordion list +· Anchor +· Text input form +· Dropdown list box +· Date picker +4.3 Native HMI +The Native HMI provides an application framework for those applications that are not written +using Javascript or other web technologies. +**4.3.1 Native App Runtime** +The Native Runtime module contains the bindings for the Native Application Framework to +access the AGL Application Framework and Services. +**4.3.1.1 Requirements** +System must provide high level GUI components for native application. +Page 76 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +At least, below components are required. +· Text labels +· Button +· Radio button +· Check box +· Tab panel +· Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation) +· Slider +· Accordion list +· Anchor +· Text input form +· Dropdown list box +· Date picker +**4.3.2 Native Application Framework** +The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of which may be built into an +SDK or product build. The application framework contains any code specifically written for that +framework as well the bindings to the Services and Operating Systems layers that the +application framework provides for its applications. +**5 Services Layer** +The Services Layer contains user space services that all applications can access. Generally the +services provide either an IPC type interface or a subroutine/ function API. These interfaces +remain the same for a given implementation and it is up to the Application Framework Runtime +modules to provide access to these interfaces to the applications. Since we are trying to avoid +unnecessary interface shims, it is not necessary for AGL to define standard service layer +interfaces for a given module. Unless otherwise specified the API depends upon the interfaces +provided by the open source packages chosen for a module. Different implementations may +choose different packages for a given function and it is left to the Application Framework +runtime to adjust to any new interfaces, +Page 77 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1 Platform Services +Platform Services Layer. Conventional Linux platform services +**5.1.1 Bluetooth** +This document describes requirements regarding registration, (dis)connection and device +information management between Bluetooth device and infotainment system. Necessary +Bluetooth profiles in automotive use case are defined here. +**5.1.1.1 Requirements** +The Telephony system shall be designed to +support a minimum of BT3.0+EDR, but shall be possible to upgrade to Bluetooth 4.0+EDR +without hardware upgrade. +A Bluetooth hands-free system shall provide the following BT profiles: +· Core 2.0 + EDR inc. GAP (Generic Access Profile) +· HFP (Hands Free Profile) +· OBEX (Object Exchange) +· OPP (Object Push Profile) +· PBAP (Phonebook Access Profile) +· SPP (Serial Port Profile) +· SDAP (Service Discovery Access Profile) +If the BT system is designed to operate with BT Media Players (E.g. control and stream music +from), the system shall also support the following incremental BT profiles: +· A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) +· AVRCP (Audio Visual Remote Control Profile) +The link key shall be minimum 128 bits. The encryption key is negotiated and shall be set at the +Page 78 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +highest supported value by the remote device. The Telephony system shall be capable of +generating up to 128-bit encryption key. The Telephony system will not be the limiting device in +encryption key length negotiation. +When implemented by the remote device Simple Secure Pairing 'Numeric comparison' method as +default pairing mechanism. However when remote device is limited a configurable priority +scheme will be adopted where the order of mechanisms will be determined at configuration +time. +The Telephony system shall provide Bluetooth Power Class 2. The operating range of Class 2 is +10 meters and maximum power is 2.5 mW (4 dBm). +The Telephony system shall have provision for 1, 3 and 5-slot packet transmission. It shall +allow using five-slot packet transmission for faster data rate. +The Telephony system shall use IrMC standards as directed by the BT specification. It is a +standard from IrDA, including IrOBEX for object exchange including vCards, vCalendars, etc. +vCard is the electronic business card. It is used for Personal Data Interchange (PDI). vCards are +often attached to e-mail messages, and can be exchanged on Instant Messaging. vCard contain +name and address information, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses. +vCard version 2.1 is widely adopted by e-mail clients. It contains FN, N, PHOTO, BDAY, ADR, +LABEL, TEL, EMAIL, MAILER, TZ, GEO, TITLE, ROLE, Logo, Agent, ORG, NOTE, REV, SOUND, +URL, UID, Version, and KEY properties. +vCard version 3.0 is IETF standards format. It is defined in following two parts: +MIME Content-Type for Directory Information +vCard MIME Directory Profile +It contains NICKNAME, CATEGORIES, PRODID, SORTSTRING and CLASS properties along with +the vCard version 2.1 properties. +The touch-screen or head unit HMI must have the ability to delete a Bluetooth device and any +associated data (E.g. phonebook, voicemail number) when required, even if the BT device list is +not full. +The Telephony system shall use SCO link for voice data if eSCO link is not supported else eSCO +Page 79 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in HF** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Connection management > Mandatory > x + + > 2 > Phone status information > Mandatory > x + + > 3 > Audio Connection handling > Mandatory > x + + > 4 > Accept an incoming voice call > Mandatory > x + + > 5 > Reject an incoming voice call > Mandatory > x + + > 6 > Terminate a call > Mandatory > x + + > 7 > Audio Connection transfer during an ongoing call > Mandatory > x + + > 8 > Place a call with a phone number supplied by the > Option > x + > + > HF + + > 9 > Place a call using memory dialing > Option > - + + > 10 > Place a call to the last number dialed > Option > - + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +shall be used. +5.1.1.1.1 Hands Free Profile +The Telephony system shall implement Hands-Free Profile (HFP) as per the hands-free Profile +specification version 1.6 or later. +The Telephony system shall enable a headset, or an embedded Hands-Free unit to connect, +wirelessly, to a cellular phone for the purposes of acting as the cellular phone's audio input and +output mechanism and allowing typical Telephony functions to be performed without access to +the actual phone. +It shall provide following roles: +Hands-Free unit (HF) + + > 11 > Call waiting notification > Option > x + ------- ------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ---------- + > 12 > Three way calling > Option > x(\*1) + > 13 > Calling Line Identification (CLI) > Option > x + > 14 > Echo canceling (EC) and noise reduction (NR) > Option > x + > 15 > Voice recognition activation > Option > x + > 16 > Attach a Phone number to a voice tag > Option > - + > 17 > Ability to transmit DTMF codes > Option > x + > 18 > Remote audio volume control > Option > - + > 19 > Respond and Hold > Option > x + > 20 > Subscriber Number Information > Option > x + > 21a > Enhanced Call Status > Option > x + > 21b > Enhanced Call Controls > Option > - + > 22 > Individual Indicator Activation > Option > - + > 23 > Wide Band Speech > Option > x + > 24 > Codec Negotiation > Option > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +\*1: Does not support Multi-party (conference) call +The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMM query/response to determine the +model of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be stored as a +string in a phone model CGMM variable. +· Phone Model CGMM: +· Type: string +· Max length: 200 chars +Page 81 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Persistence: No +A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +device. +The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMI query/response to determine the +Manufacturer of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be +stored as a string in a phone model CGMI variable. +· Phone Model CGMI: +· Type: string +· Max length: 200 chars +· Persistence: No +A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +device. +The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMR query/response to determine the +revision of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be stored as a +string in a phone model CGMR property. +· Phone Model CGMR: +· Type: string +· Max length: 200 chars +· Persistence: No +A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system. +The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the +device. +5.1.1.1.2 Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) +The Telephony system shall implement Advanced Audio Distribution Profile as per the A2DP +specification version 1.2 or later. +Page 82 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Codec** > **Support** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------- --------------- ----------- + > 1 > SBC > Mandatory > x + > 2 > MPEG-1,2 Audio > Option > - + > 3 > MPEG-2,4 AAC > Option > - + > 4 > ATRAC family > Option > - + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in SNK** > **AGL** + ----------- -------------------- ------------------------ ----------- + > 1 > Audio Streaming > Mandatory > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The Telephony system shall use this profile for audio streaming. This profile shall be use to +realize distribution of audio content of high-quality in mono or stereo on ACL channels. +It shall provide following roles: +Sink (SNK) - A device is the SNK when it acts as a sink of a digital audio stream delivered from +the SRC on the same piconet. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 20 should be supported. +Decode functions of codec marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 21 should be supported. +Copyright protection technology SCMS-T should be supported. +5.1.1.1.3 Phone Book Access Profile +Page 83 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The Telephony system shall implement Phonebook Access Profile as per the PBAP specification +version 1.1 or later. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to allow exchange of Phonebook Objects between +devices. +Phonebook is automatically downloaded into the system from mobile device for browsing. The +Telephony system shall store user's Phonebook and the Phonebook details of the connected +device shall be available to the user. The Telephony system shall manage the contacts by, listing +and copying contact information. +It shall provide following roles: +· Phonebook Client Equipment (PCE) +It shall provide following types of Phonebook objects: +· The main Phonebook object +· The Incoming Call History object +· The Outgoing Call History object +· The Missed Call History object +· The Combined Call History object +A Bluetooth hands-free system must download the phonebook from the connected BT device +automatically if the BT device has provision for the transfer of phonebook data. The Phonebook +download shall be performed by any one of the following methods listed in priority of usage: +· Using PBAP profile +All the BT device's phonebook entries must be transferred - those on any external memory (E.g. +SIM) and also any stored in the BT device's memory. +The number type data (if stored with the contact) shall also be transferred and stored in the +vehicle phonebook. The Phonebook shall be associated to only the BT device it was downloaded +from. +5.1.1.1.4 Dial Up Networking (DUN) Profile +Dial-Up Networking Profile (DUN) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +necessary lower layers. +Page 84 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Service** > **Support in DT** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Data call without audio feedback > Mandatory > x + > 2 > Data call with audio feedback > Option > - + > 3 > Fax services without audio feedback > N/A > - + > 4 > Fax services with audio feedback > N/A > - + > 5 > Voice call > N/A > - + > 6 > Incoming calls > Option > x + > 7 > Outgoing calls > Mandatory > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It has to comply with the specification for “Data Terminal (DT)” +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 23 should be supported. +5.1.1.1.5 Object Push Profile (OPP) +Object Push Profile (OPP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary lower +layers. +It has to comply with the specification for “Push Server”. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 24 should be supported. +**Table 24 : List of OPP Push Server Supporting Functions** +Page 85 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in CT** > **AGL** + ----------- -------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Connection establishment for control > Mandatory > x + > 2 > Release connection for control > Mandatory > x + > 3 > Connection establishment for browsing > C6 > x + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Feature** > **Support in Push Server** > **AGL** + > + > **.** + ---------- ---------------------------- --------------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Object Push > Mandatory > x + + > 2 > Business Card Pull > Option > - + + > 3 > Business Card Exchange > Option > - + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.6 Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) +The System shall implement Audio / Video Remote Control Profile version 1.6. +The system shall use this profile for audio streaming control for each connected media device +plus one remote control.. +The system must comply with the specification for Controller (CT) items marked with "x" in AGL +column in Table 25 should be supported. +C2: Mandatory if device supports Metadata Attributes for Current Media Item or optional +otherwise +C3: Mandatory to support at least one Category +C4: Mandatory if Category 2 supported, excluded otherwise +C6: Mandatory if Browsing (item 18) is supported, optional otherwise +EX: Excluded +Page 86 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +4 Release connection for browsing C6 x +5 AV/C Info commands Option x +6 Category 1: Player/Recorder C3 x +7 Category 2: Monitor/Amplifier C3 - +8 Category 3: Tuner C3 - +9 Category 4: Menu C3 - +10 Capabilities Option x +11 Player Application Settings Option x +12 Metadata Attributes for Current Media Item Option x +13 Notifications C2 x +14 Continuation C2 x +15 Basic Group Navigation Option x +16 Absolute Volume C4 - +17 Media Player Selection Option x +17.1 - Supports Multiple Players Option x +18 Browsing Option x +18.1 - Database Aware Players Option x +19 Search Option - +20 Now Playing C6 x +20.1 - Playable Folders Option x +21 Error Response EX - +22 PASSTHROUGH operation supporting press and Option x +Page 87 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + > **No** > **Feature** > **Support by the MCE** > **AGL** + > + > **.** + ---------- ------------------------- ----------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Message Notification > C1 > x + + > 2 > Message Browsing > C1 > x + + > 3 > Message Uploading > Option > x + + > 4 > Message Delete > Option > - + + > 5 > Notification > C2 > x + > + > Registration + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +hold +The AVRCP profile realisation shall implement an Inform Battery Status of CT parameter and +pass this information up to so it can be passed to the User. +5.1.1.1.7 Message Access Profile +Message Access Profile (MAP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary +lower layers. +It has to comply with the specification for “Message Client Equipment (MCE)”. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 26 should be supported. +C1: The MCE to support at least one of the C1-labelled features +C2: The MCE shall support Message Notification Registration if it supports Message +Notification. Not applicable otherwise. +Page 88 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support in PANU** > **AGL** + ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------- ----------- + > 1 > Initialization of NAP/GN service > - > - + > 2 > Shutdown of NAP/GN service > - > - + > 3 > Establish NAP/GN service Connection > Mandatory > x + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.8 Serial Port Profile (SPP) +The Telephony system shall implement Serial Port Profile as per the SPP specification version +1.1 or later. +It shall provide following roles: +Initiator - This is the device that takes initiative to form a connection to another device. +Acceptor - This is the device that waits for another device to take initiative to connect. +Following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +Establish link and setup virtual serial connection +Accept link and establish virtual serial connection +Register Service record for application in local SDP database +5.1.1.1.9 Personal Area Network (PAN) Profile +Personal Area Network Profile (PAN) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +necessary lower layers. +It has to comply with the specification for “PAN User (PANU)”. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 27 should be supported. +Page 89 of 159 + + > 4 > Lost NAP/GN Service Connection > Mandatory > x + ----- ------------------------------------------- ------------- ----- + > 5 > Disconnect NAP/GN Service Connection > Mandatory > x + > 6 > Management Information Base (MIB) > - > - + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.10 Service Discovery Profile (SDP) +The Telephony system shall implement Service Discovery Application Profile as per the SDAP +specification version 1.1. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to locate services that are available on or via devices +in the vicinity of a Bluetooth enabled device. +It shall provide following roles: +Local Device - A device that initiates the service discovery procedure. +Remote Devices(S) - A device that participates in the service discovery process by responding to +the service inquiries generated by Local Device. +The following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +Search for services by service class +Search for services by service attributes +Service browsing +5.1.1.1.11 Device Information Profile +Device Identification Profile (DIP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for +necessary lower layers. +Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 28 should be supported. +**Table 28 : List of DIP Supporting Functions** +Page 90 of 159 + + > **No.** > **Feature** > **Support** > **AGL** + ----------- ----------------------- --------------- ----------- + > 1 > SpecificationID > Mandatory > x + > 2 > VendorID > Mandatory > x + > 3 > ProductID > Mandatory > x + > 4 > Version > Mandatory > x + > 5 > PrimaryRecord > Mandatory > x + > 6 > VendorIDSource > Mandatory > x + > 7 > ClientExecutableURL > - > - + > 8 > ServiceDescription > - > - + > 9 > DocumentationURL > - > - + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.1.1.12 Bluetooth Smart Ready +Bluetooth Smart Ready shall be supported. +It shall comply with Bluetooth Low Energy standard. +5.1.1.1.13 Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP) +The Telephony system shall implement Generic Object Exchange Profile as per the GOEX +specification version 2.0 or later. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to facilitate the exchange of binary objects between +devices. The usage model shall be Synchronization, File Transfer or Object Push model. +It shall provide following roles: +Server - This is the device that provides an object exchange server to and from which data +objects shall be pushed and pulled, respectively. +Page 91 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Client - This is the device that can push or/and pull data object(s) to and from the Server. +The following features shall be provided by the Supplier: +Establishing an object connection +Pushing a data object +Pulling a data object +Performing an action on data objects +Creating and managing a Reliable Object Exchange Connection +5.1.1.1.14 Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile +The Telephony system shall implement Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile as per the +GAVDP specification version 1.2 or later. +The Telephony system shall use this profile to specify signalling transaction procedures between +two devices to set up, terminate, and reconfigure streaming channels. +It shall provide following roles: +Initiator (INT) +Acceptor (ACP) +Following are the feature requirements for this profile: +Connection +Transfer Control +Signalling Control +Security Control +Note: This profile is currently being enhanced to version 1.3. Release date of this version is not +yet finalized. The Telephony system shall be able to upgrade to the newer version in the future. +5.1.1.1.15 Bluetooth Diagnostics +**5.1.2 Error Management** +The Error Management module provides platform error handling mechanisms. This includes +Page 92 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +detecting system errors that occur after start up to provide a recovery function by localized +restart. In addition, +in case of a broad ranged malfunction, Error Management provide quick detection and recovery +to issue in a short amount of time. +**5.1.2.1 Use Cases** +5.1.2.1.1 System Surveillance and Recovery +While using in-car information device, if the whole system or part of the function stops, an +immediate error detection and automatic recovery will be needed. For example, when updating +the screen while route guidance is on or voice recognition cannot be used, restart the function to +try and recover. When an error occurs in the core of a system such as an output communicating +middle ware, reboot the whole system to try and recover. +There are several supposed cases for system surveillance such as a case where the system that +adopted AGL and monitors by itself or monitored by the system that has not adopted AGL. The +AGL Error Management scope includes parts of the system that adopted AGL. +The way of recovery has to be assessed by the status of the system behavior. For example, even +if the way to recover the car navigation error might be reboot, the system reboot should not be +done when the car navigation is displaying back camera image. Because of these use cases, Error +Management should focus on the degree of importance for surveillance list process and the +degree should be adjusted by its behavior status. +5.1.2.1.2 Collecting Information +For when the system failure occurred after the launch, the most urgent item is a prompt +recovery but what is also a point that is worth noting is to collect the information to specify the +cause for its failure. Therefore, gathering information with the minimum recovery time is needed. +With Linux system, memory image dump (core dump) of generally abended process is used. On +the other hand, a scale of middleware which is an in- car application is increasing and has come +Page 93 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +to the point where the time to dump the entire memory image is impermissible. To avoid this, +the Error Management function will provide the system to leave the light log. +**5.1.2.2 Requirements** +Prevent the system failure shutoff and also in case of failure provided the function that judge its +status automatically and recover +The Error Management module should support both surveillance of the whole system and each +process. +The Error Management module should monitor the memory usage of whole system cyclically. +When memory usage exceeds set threshold value, a set action should be done. Cycle, threshold +value, action is changeable by AGL user. +Kernel function that requires Error Management surveillance, driver has to send a notification +to Error Management when an error occurs. The subjects that sends error notifications are +output communication or disk I/O. +Error Management should be able to execute the action after obtaining the error notification +by kernel function and the driver. Action should be changeable by AGL user. For example, an +error for CAN communication is critical so system restart could be done but USB communication +error can be ignored since it may be caused by a compatibility issue between devices. +Error Management should monitor processes for existence or non-existence, when abended it +should execute a set action. The set action should be changeable by the AGL user. Termination +of resident process is a defect but termination of a temporal behaving process is correct so +those two should be able to set separately. +Error Management should monitor the process with a set cycle and when it goes over threshold +value, should be able to execute the set action. Cycle, threshold value, action should be +changeable by AGL user. The subjects of surveillance are CPU usage and memory usage. +Should be able to vanish process forcibly including subsidiary process +Page 94 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Make the software that works by system have the concept of level importance. +Appropriate recovery depending on the level of importance. The level of importance should be +adjustable depending on the status of operation by coordinating with Policy. +The process that detecting an external communication error within the Error Management +module and recovering has to be set to complete before external monitoring detects. +The application that is monitored by the Error Management modulehas to be independent as +more than one process. +The application that is monitored by the Error Management moduleshould not combine multiple +applications to one process. Application’s runtime part does not have the structure where +multiple applications can be moved by the same process. +Service providing side has to be nondense to the application. For example, the Service providing +process such as a software keyboard should not go wrong with the state of App. Such as +process crash, exit, etc.. +An application has to be nondense to an application. When linking two application one ends +suddenly the other will not become abnormal state. +The process that communicates with the external system has to be independent from the other +process while recovering that does not include system restart so that it can notify alive towards +external side. +When the software that is under the surveillance of RAS can not recover with one restart +additional process can be done such as deleting the subject files that were registered +beforehand. +The system has to have a structure where overwrite the files that are stored in a pinned file +system without destroying them. +Page 95 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +When system down occurs (kernel panic), should be able to collect the information need for +analyzing. +When making the system down happen intentionally( BUG\_ON etc.),make sure to leave a +message that can specify the cause. +Both the log which is for debug and can take time to output and the log that leaves minimum log +in a short period of time have been equipped and able to select. +In any abnormal cases log output does not lock the system (stand by for spin lock etc.) or +system down does not occur (self-destruction on log output process). +Should be able to leave the aberrance occurred in kernel area on the log. +Should be able to select the level of log output. +Should be able to record the aberrance log with the time of occurrence. +Should be able to obtain the information linked to the system resources. +Should be able to leave the information corresponding to core dump in a short period of time. +Both the log which is for debug and can take time to output and the log that leaves minimum log +in a short period of time have been equipped and able to select. +As the smallest amount of information, the following information should be left. +· Register information +· Process logical memory map +· +Stack dump or back trace from the exceptional place of occurrence +· Time of occurrence +· +Information that can specify the occurred process thread (name of an executing +file‑name of the thread etc.) +Page 96 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· The signal that occurred +Lightweight core dump is a core dump that can set the restrictions below. +· +Select the memory mapping category of process executing memory image that targeted +for an output. +· +Specify the order of an output and output high-priority memory mapping first to prevent +dropping the information needed. +· +Output only the memory mapping that is linked to the abnormal process (text area). \[O\] +· +Compress the data for each memory mapping category and output up to the fixed +maximum size. +· +NOTE information of ELF header and program header will not change. +Selectable memory mappings are the following. +· anonymous private mappings +· anonymous shared mappings +· file-backed private mappings +· file-backed shared mappings +· private huge page +· shared huge page +Setting parameters of the output context are the following. +· +Memory mapping category which is for an output object can be set. +· The order of outputting memory mapping can be set. +Should be able to leave the log in increments of process. Possible to filter and have a look in +increments of process. +Should be able to leave a trace log in increments of process during process crash. Should be +able to leave a trace log in increments of process during system running, if necessary. +Should be able to obtain the information related to system resource of process. +Page 97 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +There should be a structure to be able to error trace among the whole process in a user space. +**5.1.3 Graphics** +Graphics subsystem; HMI input, wayland, windowing, etc. +**5.1.4 Location Services** +Location services includes support for GPS, location, and positioning services including dead +reckoning. Time of day support is also included in Location Services since time is a primary +output of the GPS receiver. +**5.1.4.1 Position** +**5.1.4.2 Time of Day** +With Linux, time adjusting is generally done by using date command or NTP but since in-car +device can obtain the accurate time from GPS, GPS time is often used as Abs Time. Because of +its advantage where this GPS demand can be done anywhere in the world, it would continue in +future. Therefore, we are going to need a structure for adjusting the Linux system time. +**Monotonic and Absolute Time Support** +As a weak point of GPS, when cold start, it takes a long time to obtain the accurate time. +Because of this, it will not set the right time for booting the system and will adjust it while it’s +moving. As for in-car device, the demand to make the system boot faster is rather strong and +Abs Time can vary while it’s working for one of the middle ware applications. +On the other hand, although POSIX API which is used as a standard for Linux, provides the time +that has not been effected by the adjusting in case of a simple latency, but for resource latency, +some of them can only set with Abs Time. Therefore, in-car Linux needs an API that supports +Monotonic Time. +**Kernel Time Precision** +Page 98 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +In-car device needs to support all kinds of communicating system such as CAN. Those +communicating system includes the device that needs ms order procedure. +In Linux Kernel space, jiffies are used as mere time. However 1jiffies time differs depending on +the CPU architecture and the architecture differs depending on SOC. Because of this, the lowest +value for unit of time that AGL environment has to support needs to be decided. +**5.1.4.3 Requirements** +Should be able to adjust the system time from GPS middle ware. +Adjust the system time after the time is determinate. +GPS middle ware has to have the system where it can implement GPS driver control parts using +the plugin (source plugin). Must tolerate proprietary GPS component. +GPS middle source plugin must tolerate proprietary. Source plugin has to be a license that is not +imposed a duty to open source. For example, header library’s license that is needed to make +Source plugin can not be GPL or LGPL. +When waiting, can use both absolute time and monotonic time +Resource obtaining time out such as mutex, semaphore can use both absolute time and +monotonic time. +Resource obtaining time out such as mutex, semaphore can use both absolute time and +monotonic time. +System time must be able to use consecutively at least until 2099. +Absolute time has to support leap year and leap seconds. +1 jiffies have to be smaller than 1ms. +Page 99 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Time waiting that involve context switch, must be done with the accuracy over 1ms. +From timer / ISR, can boot tasklet with the accuracy 1ms. +A system has to be able to handle time with at least the accuracy 1ms. +**5.1.5 Health Monitoring** +Platform monitoring services such as watchdog or active monitoring +**5.1.6 IPC** +Standard platform interprocess and interprocessor communication mechanism. +**5.1.7 Lifecycle Management** +Startup, shutdown, state change, etc. +**5.1.8 Network Services** +Includes standard networking protocols such as TCP/IP via any networking physical layer +including Wifi, Bluetooth, or ethernet. +**5.1.9 Persistent Storage** +Power safe persistent storage +**5.1.10 Power Management** +Amount of ECUs in the car and their complexity has grown dramatically over last decade. Needs +in processing power are constantly growing to catch up with demands of automotive industry. +*This, in turn has impact on power budget and temperature/heat dissipation characteristic of* +Page 100 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +modern ECUs +In parallel, success of green, electric cars is pushing power budget limits down as never before, +in distant future we may see “battle for watts” in automotive electronics. Finding optimal +balance between performance and ECU operating modes, frequencies, voltages is also important +for overall durability characteristic. +Suspend/resume techniques and retention of the ECU in lower power states now becoming +more welcomed over traditional cold boot approaches. +Linux community has been working on power management architecture for many years, it has +become a state of art framework and set of components that addresses needs not only +consumer electronics industry, but also industrial automation, security, etc.) +**5.1.10.1 Requirements** +AGL kernel shall allow switching between active and suspend states. Exact definition of suspend +states is platform/architecture-specific (e.g. “suspend to memory”, “suspend to disk” +/“hibernate” correspond to S3 and S4 in ACPI terminology) +Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected by suspend/resume transitions. +AGL kernel shall provide sufficient APIs for application to control active/suspend state +transitions and receive appropriate events/notifications. Kernel should not initiate power state +transitions if no requests provided from applications. +Detailed definition of steps/actions required for suspend/resume sequence is out of the scope of +this specification (it is also platform-dependent). +AGL kernel for SMP configurations shall allow enabling/disabling of individual cores (or group of +cores) (NOTE: on some platforms/architectures enabling/disabling may be achieved by putting +core in one of its low power states) +AGL kernel shall only provide mechanism for applications to request enabling/disabling particular +cores from SMP group. +Page 101 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL kernel shall support CPU frequency and voltage scaling. Exact definition of operating points +(table of frequencies/voltages allowed by hardware) is platform/architecture-specific (moreover, +some of operating points may be omitted/ignored in AGL kernel as their impact on power budget +insignificant) +Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected by CPU frequency and voltage scaling +Only application-defined policies shall be allowed for CPU frequency and voltage scaling. +Default in-kernel governors/policies (e.g. on-demand or performance) shall not be used and they +may have negative impact on overall system performance/predictability +AGL kernel shall allow switching between active and idle states. Exact definition of idle states is +platform/architecture-specific (e.g. C0..C4 in ACPI terminology or WFI+… for ARM) +Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected entering/leaving one of idle states +Only application-defined policies shall be allowed for CPU Idle +AGL kernel shall support run-time power management of I/O (peripheral) devices +AGL kernel shall support I/O (peripheral) device voltage and frequency scaling +**5.1.11 Resource Management** +Resource and device management. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to be used for informing status of a resource +request by the Resource Manager. +**5.1.12 Telephony Services** +**5.1.12.1 Requirements** +Page 102 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.12.1.1 Telephony variants +Purpose: To define the variants of Telephony +Requirement: +There will be 2 variants of phone system. +Variant 1: Front User only Telephony. +Variant 2: Rear and Front Telephony. +All variants will have Bluetooth capability. The feature will be configurable so that the feature +can be disabled via car configuration. +**5.1.13 Wi-Fi** +This Wi-Fi subsystem controls registration, connection management, and device information +management between a wireless LAN device and infotainment system. +Necessary Wi-Fi specification in automotive use case is defined here. +**5.1.13.1 Use Cases** +5.1.13.1.1 Construct WiFi Network +In-Vehicle Infotainment systems constructs 3 types of Wi-Fi networks. +a\. STA +In-Vehicle Infotainment system acts as a STA (Station) and connects to an external network via +an Access Point. +It also connects to Access Points which support Wi-Fi Hotspot. +b\. AP +In-Vehicle Infotainment system acts as an AP (Access Point) and connects multiple Wi-Fi devices +with an external network. +Page 103 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It also connects Wi-Fi devices which support Wi-Fi Hotspot. +c\. P2P +In-Vehicle Infotainment system and Wi-Fi device makes P2P (Peer to Peer) connection using Wi- +Fi Direct. +5.1.13.1.2 Miracast +In-Vehicle Infotainment system and Wi-Fi device shares a display using Miracast.-(a) +They are also remotely operated to a Wi-Fi device from the infotainment system, or vice versa, +by using UIBC (User Interface Back Channel).-(b) +**Figure 8-29 : Overview of Miracast** +a\. Shared Displayed Content +Page 104 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Use case examples of shared displayed content are: +· +A passenger on the passenger seat views the multimedia content played on Wi-Fi Device +(e.g. Mobile) on In-Vehicle Infotainment system. +· +A rear seat passenger views the multimedia content played on In-Vehicle Infotainment +system on Wi-Fi Device(e.g. Rear seat monitor). +b\. Remote Operation +Use case examples of remote operation are: +· +A passenger on the passenger seat plays the multimedia content stored in Wi-Fi Device +(e.g. Mobile) by operating In-Vehicle Infotainment system. +· +A passenger on the rear seat controls air conditioner functionality in In-Vehicle +Infotainment system by operating a Wi-Fi Device (e.g. Mobile). +· +While the vehicle is in motion, a passenger on the rear seat controls the navigation +functionality in a passenger on the rear seat controls by operating a Wi-Fi Device(e.g. +Mobile). +5.1.13.1.3 DLNA +In-Vehicle Infotainment system connects with a DLNA device via Wi-Fi. +**5.1.13.2 Requirements** +5.1.13.2.1 Security +The WiFi module shall support security standard WEP. +It shall support 40 bit WEP encryption method. +It shall support 104 bit WEP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA Personal. +Page 105 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA2 Personal. +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA Enterprise. +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +It shall support security standard WPA2 Enterprise. +It shall support TKIP encryption method. +It shall support CCMP encryption method. +5.1.13.2.2 Simple Configuration +It shall comply with WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) standard. +It shall be able to perform connection with PIN (Personal Identification Number) method. +It shall support Configuration Method for Display. +Page 106 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall support Configuration Method for Keypad. +It shall be able to perform connection with PBC (Push button configuration) method. +It shall support Configuration Method for PushButton. +It shall be able to perform connection with NFC (Near Field Communication) method. +5.1.13.2.3 QoS +It shall comply with WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) standard. +It shall comply with WMM-PS (Wireless Multimedia Power Save) standard. +5.1.13.2.4 STA +The In-Vehicle system shall be able to function as a STA (Non-AP Station). +5.1.13.2.5 AP +The In-Vehicle system shall be able to function as an AP (Access Point). +5.1.13.2.6 WiFi Direct +It shall comply with Wi-Fi Direct standard. +It shall support the WiFi Direct functions as listed in Table 29. +Page 107 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Feature** > **(Reference)** + > + > **Support in Wi-** + > + > **Fi Direct** + ----------- ---------------------------------------------------- -------------------------- ------------------------ + > 1 > P2P Provision > ‑ > Mandatory + > + > Discovery + + > 2 > P2P Device Discovery > Scan Phase > Mandatory + + > 3 > ‑ > Find Phase > Mandatory + + > 4 > P2P GO Negotiation > ‑ > Mandatory + + > 5 > P2P Service Discovery > ‑ > Option + + > 6 > P2P Invitation > Temporary P2P Group > Option + + > 7 > ‑ > Persistent P2P Group > Option + + > 8 > Persistent P2P Group / Persistent Reconnect > Option + + > 9 > Intra-BSS Distribution > ‑ > Option + + > 10 > Concurrent Operation > ‑ > Option + + > 11 > P2P Service Discovery > UPnP > Option + + > 12 > ‑ > Bonjour > Option + + > 13 > ‑ > Wi-Fi Display > Option + + > 14 > ‑ > WS-Discovery > Option + + > 15 > ‑ > Vendor specific > Option + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.13.2.7 Miracast +Page 108 of 159 + + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > ‑**No.** > **Feature** > ‑ > **(Refere** + > + > **nce)** + > + > **Suppor** + > + > **t in** + > + > **Miracas** + > + > **t** + ------------ ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------- + > 1 > WFD Device type > WFD Source > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 2 > ‑ > Primary Sink > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 3 > ‑ > Dual-role possible > Option + + > 4 > WFD Service > ‑ > Option + > + > Discovery + + > 5 > WFD connection establishment with Wi-Fi P2P > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 6 > WFD connection establishment with Wi-Fi TDLS > Option + + > 7 > Persistent WFD > via Wi-Fi P2P > Option + > + > Group + + > 8 > ‑ > via TDLS > Option + + > 9 > WFD Capability Negotiation (RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + + > 10 > WFD Session Establishment (RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall comply with Miracast standard. +It shall support the Miracast functions identified in Table 30. +Page 109 of 159 + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > 11 > AV Streaming and Control (MPEG-TS/RTP/RTSP) > Mandat + > + > ory + ------ --------------------------------------------------- ----------- ---------- + > 12 > WFD Standby (RTP/RTSP) > Option + + > 13 > Video CODEC formats > Option + + > 14 > Audio CODEC formats > Option + + > 15 > UIBC > Generic + + > 16 > HIDC + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.1.13.2.8 WiFi Hotspot +It shall comply with Wi-Fi Hotspot standard. +In-Vehicle system which acts as an a STA(Non-AP Station)shall be able to connect with Hotspot +service. +In-Vehicle system which acts as an AP (Access Point) shall be able to provide Hotspot service. +5.1.13.2.9 DLNA via WiFi +The In-Vehicle system shall be able to connect with DLNA devices via Wi-Fi. +**5.1.14 Window System** +A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user +interface. A window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing +Units (GPUs), input devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software +component named window manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, +and a routing of user interactions. +Page 110 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.2 Automotive Services +Automotive Services Layer contains services that are not found in a typical Linux distribution but +contains services specialized for automotive applications. +**5.2.1 Audio Services** +BTBF, equilization, mult-zone audio control, etc. +**5.2.2 Camera Services** +Standard interface to vehicle mounted cameras; backup camera, side and front cameras, etc. +**5.2.3 Configuration Services** +Service for storing configuration parameters. +**5.2.4 Diagnostic Services** +Diagnostic services. +(This is automotive diagnostics such as storing and retrieving DTC. ) +**5.2.5 Multimedia Services** +CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, MP3, etc. +(Factor out metadata into separate component.) +**5.2.5.1 Media Player** +In-vehicle multimedia system shall provide rich and robust user-experience that includes not just +Page 111 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +support of multiple audio-video formats, but also variety of input and output audio/video +devices, both static and dynamically pluggable. In contrast to mobile or desktop applications, +there is normally more than one consumer of multimedia content in a car, with front- and rear- +seat passengers as well as driver all having independent requirements. +The following requirements are considered essential for in-vehicle multimedia system: +· +Supported multimedia formats shall correspond to major end-user expectations, i.e. the +ones encountered in mobile and desktop world. +· +Multiple audio / video sources and sinks, both static (i.e. always existing in the system) +and dynamic (i.e. appearing and disappearing when user connects a Bluetooth headset or +establishes a network connection.) +· +Multiple independent consumers of multimedia data and globally configurable routing of +audio / video processing chains. +Latency requirements of audio/video processing may also vary depending on a type of the data +processed; e.g. data from rear-view camera shall be decoded and visualized “instantly” in +comparison to a movie clip displayed on rear-passenger monitor, voice notification from +navigation software shall not be delayed significantly, speech data passed to and from +Bluetooth headset during phone conversation shall have reasonably bounded latencies and so +on. +It is considered that multimedia system may consist of multiple processing units, and therefore +processing load balancing mechanism shall be present. Mechanisms of audio/video processing +offloading to dedicated processing units (hardware acceleration) shall be provisioned, with +particular implementation freedom left for a silicon vendor. +The following requirements formalize these considerations. +**5.2.5.2 Requirements** +5.2.5.2.1 Media Containers +AGL shall provide an API that allows handling of various media data within the system. This +includes audio/video playback and recording as well as media streaming over the network. It +shall be possible to run multiple media streams in parallel for all IVI users, with configurable +input/output devices routing. Multimedia framework does not necessarily need to be isolated +from application (that is, it may run in the same address space as application), however it shall +be guaranteed that independent applications using the framework are isolated from each other. +Page 112 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL shall provide support for extraction from media containers streams other than audio-visual, +for example subtitles. Application shall be able to retrieve timing information as well as stream +identification data from media container. +AGL shall provide support for major network streaming protocols such as: +· HTTP +· RTPS +· Digital Radio (DAB) +· DigitalTV (DVB-T) etc. +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported streaming protocols in accordance with +system requirements. +AGL shall provide a mechanism to utilize available hardware accelerators to offload +computationally extensive processing to specialized units in vendor-specific way. Such +extension, if available, shall be transparent to the applications. +Lip Synch must be implemented as plug-in software for Multimedia Framework. +AGL shall provide a mechanism to automatically detect type of media data contained in the +source file, and to instantiate all required components to organize data processing without +intervention of the application. It shall be, however, possible for application to control this +process if it is essential for its functionality. Example of such intervention would be selection of +particular audio track (in user-chosen language) or selection of particular video stream from +multiple choices. +AGL shall provide an API to control execution of audio/video processing chain, specifically shall +support the following functionality: +· +Selection of data source and destination (files, devices, network resources) +· Pausing/resuming of multimedia streams +· Rewinding in forward and reverse directions (for playback) +· Audio volume control on per-stream basis +· Retrieval of current stream position (timestamp) +Page 113 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· +Notifications on error conditions preventing multimedia stream processing +AGL shall provide a mechanism to specify routing of input and output devices that are involved +into multimedia data processing. In particular, for playback scenario it shall be possible to +specify where audio and video data is rendered, and for recording scenario it shall be possible to +specify capturing source. It shall be possible to organize broadcasting of decoded raw +audio/video streams to multiple renderers as well. +AGL shall include a dedicated sound server that simplifies routing, mixing, post-processing and +synchronization of raw PCM audio streams. Specifically, the following functionality is expected: +· +Support for multiple audio sources and audio sinks with arbitrary (configurable) routing. +· Per-stream volume and audio effects control. +· +Resampling and format conversion (e.g. channels downmixing, sample width conversion). +· +Sample-accurate streams synchronization (e.g. for echo-cancellation purpose). +· Mixing and broadcasting of the audio streams. +AGL shall provide a mechanism to control sound server configuration in run-time, that is, to +specify the rules and policies defining system response to external events like adding or +removing of new audio device (e.g. Bluetooth headset connection), receiving of the phone call, +emergency system alarm output and so on. +AGL shall provide support for major multimedia containers, such as: +· MPEG2-TS/PS (ISO/IEC 13818-1) +· MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14, ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003) +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported multimedia formats in accordance with +system requirements. +It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional optional multimedia containers such as: +· OGG (RFC 3533) +· 3GPP (ISO/IEC 14496-12) +· etc +Page 114 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +5.2.5.2.2 Media Audio Codecs +AGL shall provide support for major audio codecs, such as: +· +MP3 (MPEG-1/2 Audio Layer-3, ISO/IEC 11172-3, ISO/IEC 13818-3) +· AAC (ISO/IEC 13818-7, ISO/IEC 14496-3) +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported audio codecs in accordance with system +requirements. +It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional audio codecs, such as: +· VORBIS (http://xiph.org/vorbis/) +· Windows Media Audio +· etc. +5.2.5.2.3 Media Video Codecs +AGL shall provide support for major video codecs, such as: +· MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818-2) +· MPEG-4 Part 2 (ISO/IEC 14496-2) +· H.264 (MPEG-4 Part10, ISO/IEC 14496-10, ITU-T H.264) +It shall be possible to extend the set of supported video codecs in accordance with system +requirements. +It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional video codecs, such as: +· Theora (www.theora.org) +· Windows Media Video +· etc +5.2.5.2.4 Image File Formats +Page 115 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in BMP, up to 32 bit true +colour. +Compression formats +· RLE 8 bits/pixel +· RLE 4 bits/pixel +· Bit field or Huffman 1D compression +· JPEG or RLE-24 +· PNG +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on Viewing of Image in JPEG/JPEG 2000 +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in JPEG XR/HD, including +Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) format. +The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on Viewing of Image in PNG, +including transparency +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in GIF 87a and enhanced +version 89a and also animation in GIFF images. +The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing images in TIFF format. +The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in WBMP +format. +The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in WBMP +format. +**5.2.6 Navigation Services** +Navigation engine +Page 116 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**5.2.7 PIM** +Personal Information Manager; calendar, appointments, reminders, etc. +**5.2.8 Smartphone Link** +This section describes regarding Smartphone link. Smartphone Link is the technology which +realizes that video and audio streaming play which data from smartphone. And touch operation +is possible to share between IVI and smartphone. MirrorLink, Miracast, SmartDeviceLink and +AirPlay are technologies that realize Smartphone Link. By this technology, it is possible to use +smartphone content (map, music, browser...) by IVI. +Figure 8-30 shows the system structure of the Smartphone Link. +**Figure: 8-30** +Page 117 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL defines following requirements of Smartphone link. +1. The screen of smartphone shall be mirrored to IVI. +2. The sound of smartphone shall be linked to IVI. +3. The sound shall be synchronized with the screen. +4. IVI should operate smartphone. +5. The response time of operations from IVI should be less than 200ms. +6. If connection between smart phone and ivi was disconnected by external factor, then should +inform the "disconnection" to a user and return to the normal state. +This document describes “Miracast” and “SmartDeviceLink” from the reference of Smartphone +link. +**5.2.8.1 Miracast** +This section describes requirements regarding Smartphone link (Miracast). +Miracast is the display transfer technology using wireless connection which was defined by Wi- +Fi Alliance. Send screen data from source device to sink device and it realize display sharing +between source device and sink device. +Following figure (Figure: 8‑31) shows the system structure of Miracast. +**Figure: 8-31** +Page 118 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No** > **Requires** > **Description** + ------------ ----------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- + > SPL.1.1 > WFD Topology > Define role of Miracast + + > SPL.1.2 > Connection Topology > Define connection condition between + > + > a smartphone and an IVI + + > SPL.1.2. > P2P Topology > Define connection method of P2P (Wi-Fi + > > + > 1 > Direct). + + > SPL.1.2. > Wi-Fi Frequency > Define Wi-Fi frequency + > + > 2 + + > SPL.1.3 > Video Format > Define Video format + + > SPL.1.4 > Audio Format > Define Audio format + + > SPL.1.5 > Session Control > Define Miracast session state + + > SPL.1.6 > Link Content Protection > Define content protection function required + > + > for implementing Miracast + + > SPL.1.7 > Resource Management > Define resource management + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Follow reference documents to support Miracast if there was no description of this section. +**References** +\[1\] Wi-Fi Display Technical Specification Version 1.0.0 +\[2\] W-Fi Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Technical Specification Version 1.2 +\[3\] High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System Interface Independent Adaption Revision +2.2 +\[4\] DCP (Digital Content Protection) <http://www.digital-cp.com/> +AGL provide display sharing technology between Smartphone and IVI system using Miracast. +Page 119 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +SPL.1.8 Fail-safe Control Define Fail-safe control +**Table 8-14: Smartphone Link (Miracast) Requirements** +**Figure: 8-32 State Change Diagram** +The states of Smartphone link (Miracast) is defined in Table 8-32. +Page 120 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **State** > **Description** + ----------- ------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Idle > Smartphone link (Miracast) function is not initialized. + + > 2 > Initialized > Smartphone link (Miracast) function is initialized and + > + > waiting for Wi-Fi P2P connection from source + > + > device. + + > 3 > Connected Wi-Fi P2P > Established Wi-Fi P2P connection with source + > + > device. + + > 4 > Initiated > Smartphone link (Miracast) session is established. + + > 5 > Play > Streaming the audio and video content from source + > + > device to sink device. + + > 6 > Pause > Paused the streaming of audio and video content + > + > from source divide to sink device. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**5.2.8.2 Smart Device Link** +“Smart Device Link”, aka “SDL”, is template based approach of smartphone link capability. +Application itself is in a mobile phone, however, HMI is provided by IVI system. This approach +makes it possible to apply IVI adapted user experience, such as larger button to prevent driver’s +distraction and voice recognition. +That means, application requests to IVI system, then IVI system will respond by using remote +procedure calls. Application’s HMI will be rendered by IVI system by using IVI’s HMI framework +and/or policy, though all the application’s logic is contained in mobile phone. +SDL provides more suitable HMI for IVI rather than mirroring type approach, however, mobile +phone’s application must support SDL capability. In other words, only SDL supported +applications can be launched. +Page 121 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Figure 8-33 : SDL overview** +**5.2.8.3 Requirements** +5.2.8.3.1 Miracast +System must provide a capability of Miracast as smartphone link function. +· +Support WFD Primary Sink and support MPEG2-TS(Video, Audio) streaming play which +from Source Device‑Smartphone‑. +· Supporting WFD Source is an option. +· +Support customize function using “Miracast setting file” which used for negotiation (\*1) +source device and sink device (\*1. Video format, audio format and other parameters). +· +Screen data which from Smartphone may not support Drivers Destruction, therefore take +measures to Drivers Destruction. (e.g. Disable Miracast during vehicle speed over +5Km/H) +· Support Wi-Fi P2P connection. +· +Follow reference \[1\] and reference \[2\] to support Wi-Fi P2P function, parameters in +Miracast connection and so on if there was no description of this section. +· Wi-Fi TDLS connection is an option. +· +AGL do not define confliction specification regarding Wi-Fi connection. (e.g. User select +Wi-Fi P2P connect ion during accessing Wi-Fi connection.) +· +AGL do not define confliction specification regarding Sink device operation when receive +Page 122 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +connection request from Source device. (e.g. Connect automatically, ask user for +confirmation) +· +Support P2P Group Owner and P2P client as the topology of Wi-Fi P2P connection. +· +Support DHCP server and DHCP client for TCP/IP seamless connection after P2P +connection established. +· +Support 2.4GHz band for the frequency of Wi-Fi P2P connection. +· +Supporting 5GHz band is an option, but support DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) +function if support 5GHz band. +· Follow reference \[1\] for Video Codec. +· Support follow format for Video Resolution and Frame rate. +o 640\*480‑VGA‑‑Progressive 60 fps +o 1280\*720‑HD‑Progressive 30 fps +Regarding Video resolution and Frame rate, other formats are an option. +· Support follow format for Audio. +o LPCM 48ksps 16bit 2ch +o AAC 48ksps 16bit 2ch +Regarding Audio Format, other formats are an option. +When the state changes "Pause", take measures to give notice of pause for user. (e.g. pop-up +notification) +Screen data which from Smartphone may be protected by content protection, therefore support +content protection function. +· +AGL recommend HDCP function which described reference \[2\], \[3\]. But AGL do not +define HDCP function. Each vendor should support content protection function as for +Page 123 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +vendor’s own reason. +· Support both encryption cases if support HDCP function. +o Case1 Videos data encryption +o Case2 Both video and audio encryption +Take notice that it is necessary to satisfy security requirements specified according to +DCP.(reference \[4\]) +· +Miracast must support interruption by other function. If some high priority event occurs, +then Miracast release screen and audio resources for the event. +· +It is selectable how to deal Miracast session. (Standby Miracast session or close Miracast +session.) +· +Support a notification to a user and returning to the normal state, if following events +happen. +o Failed to Wi-Fi connection +o Failed to establish Miracast session +o Wi-Fi link loss on Miracast +o Break Miracast connection from smartphone +5.2.8.3.2 Smart Device Link +System must provide a capability of Smart Device Link as smartphone link function. +System must provide a mechanism to render HMI of SDL according to template. +System must provide a mechanism to enable user interface regarding SDL by using touch panel +device of IVI device. +System must provide a mechanism to enable user interface regarding SDL by using voice +Page 124 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +recognition of IVI system. +System must provide a mechanism to link Android device regarding SDL capability. Connectivity +method must be supported Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi. +System must provide a mechanism to link iPhone device regarding SDL capability. Connectivity +method must be supported Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi. +**5.2.9 Speech Services** +The Speech Services module provides voice recognition and synthesis for AGL applications. +AGL system voice framework must be able to record and interpret voice commands +AGL system voice framework must be able to convert text to synthesized speech +**5.2.10 Tuner Services** +The Tuner Services module provides a mechanism that allows different tuner types to plug into +the same API regardless of the receiver type. Support for AM/FM, HD Radio, SDARS, DAB, DRM, +TV Tuners etc is provided. The Tuner Services module shall allow multiple tuners to be present +in the same system and allow its clients to address each tuner in the system independently. +**5.2.10.1 Receivers** +The Receivers module of Automotive Grade Linux may control different receiver types including +AM, FM, Hybrid Digital (HD) Radio, SDARS, and DAB tuners. The module may access any +number of different tuners. For all tuner types the module supports accessing station data from +the tuner, changing the receiver frequency or station and reading station metadata about current +content. +The Receivers module shall provide a mechanism that allows different tuner types to plug into +the same API regardless of the receiver type. +Page 125 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The Receivers module shall allow multiple receivers to be present in the same system and allow +its clients to address each receiver in the system independently. +5.2.10.1.1 HD Radio +HD Radio is a proprietary In-Band on Channel (IBOC) system created and owned by Ibiquity. An +HD radio receives analog AM/FM signals and can also use digital information in a subband to +provide additional stations and/or enhance the audio quality of the main station. When the +receiver is decoding digital data for AM/FM playback it is commonly thought of as HD Radio. The +HD Radio system architecture shall conform to the broadcast system design proposed by the +iBiquity Digital Corporation detailed in RX\_SSFD\_5029. Both the HD hardware and functional +design shall meet all iBiquity Digital specifications, and satisfy the Type Approval specified by +iBiquity Digital. +The IBOC hardware is assumed to have three modes which will be used to describe the +requirements in this section. +1) AM - radio is decoding an over the air AM station. +2) FM - radio is decoding an over the air FM station. +3) HD - radio is decoding an AM or FM station using the subband for the over the air station. +Each requirement may refer to AM and/or FM and/or HD to specify the modes the requirement is +applicable to. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the HD radio reception and present the status +to the system. +AM/FM/HD tuner shall be able to tune to a specified frequency and report the result of the +tuning process. The possible results are, Tuning successful and Tuning unsuccessful. If Tuning +successful event is notified by the tuner, it shall play the audio through the selected audio +output. If tuner notifies the Tuning unsuccessful event, the system shall inform that "No +Reception" is available in that specific channel. +AM system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +the system, which shall be added in the station database. +Page 126 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Frequency +· Mono/Stereo +FM system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +the system, which shall be added in the station database. +· Frequency +· PI Code (RDS only) +· PTY (RDS only) +· Radio Text (RDS only) +· PS Name (RDS only) +· Category (RDS only) +· Mono/Stereo +HD system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to +the system, which shall be added in the station database. +· Frequency +· PTY +· No of HD channels available +· Radio Text +· Channel Name +· Category +· Bit rate +· Station Logo +· Artist Experience +The System shall allow the tuned frequency to be incremented or decremented. +The System shall be able to tune to the next/previous valid station as determined by signal +strength. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to abort Seek Up/Down operations. +Page 127 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +FM/HD system shall be able to set the stop sensitivity for seek over FM band and shall be +possible to adjust by software. +· Range: 15 – 40 dBµV +· Step: 1 dBµV +· Default: 20 dBµV +· +Other parameters like multipath shall be possible to use for determining Stop sensitivity +level. TBD, Supplier to suggest solution. +AM/HD system shall be able to set the stop sensitivity for seek over AM band and shall be +possible to adjust by software. +· Range: 20 – 40 dBµV +· Step: 1 dBµV +· Default: 34 dBµV +· +It shall be possible to have different setting depending on atmospheric conditions (e.g. +different for night and day). +The system shall be able to switch between AM and FM bands. +HD system shall be able to extract the Station Information Service (SIS) Short Name from the +SIS Protocol Data Unit (PDU) on the Primary IBOC Data Service (PIDS) logical channel and +present to the system. The implementation of SIS Short Name feature shall be in compliance +with iBiquity Digital specification "HD Radio™ Air Interface Design Description Station +Information Service Transport". +HD system shall be able to extract the Station Information Service (SIS) Long Name from the +SIS Protocol Data Unit (PDU) on the Primary IBOC Data Service (PIDS) logical channel and +present to the system. The implementation of SIS Long Name feature shall be in compliance +with iBiquity Digital specification "HD Radio™ Air Interface Design Description Station +Information Service Transport". +HD system shall indicate the HD channel number of current tuned channel. It shall be 1 to 8. +Page 128 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +HD system shall extract the following PAD data from audio stream and present to the system. +· Song +· Artist +· Album +· Genre +· Comments +· Commercial +· Reference Identifier +The system implementation shall be in compliance with iBiquity Digital HD radio specification +"HD Radio Air Interface Design Description - Program Service Data Rev. C" +FM/HD system shall be able to receive and extract the RDS/RBDS data and present to the +system. The system implementation shall be in compliance with "BS EN 62106:2009, +Specification of the radio data system (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting in the frequency +range from 87,5 MHz to 108,0 MHz". +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable RDS/RBDS. When RDS/RBDS is enabled/disabled +the system shall indicate this. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the radio text display. +FM/HD system shall present the Alternative Frequency (AF) setting status to the system. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable alternative frequency switching. +FM/HD system shall be able to notify the system when an Emergency Alert Interrupt is received. +FM/HD system shall be able to skip the Emergency Alert when it is on-air. +FM/HD system shall be able to notify the system when Emergency Alert Interrupt is received +through RDS. +Page 129 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +FM/HD system shall be able to cancel the PTY31 interrupt notification. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Traffic Announcement reception. +FM/HD system shall present the status of the FM traffic announcement to the system. +FM/HD system shall be able to skip the FM traffic announcement when it is on-air. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable regionalisation. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Traffic Message Channel (TMC) reception. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Transport Protocol Expert Group (TPEG) +reception. +FM/HD system shall be able to receive the traffic updates from the Japanese traffic channels. +FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the News announcement reception. +FM/HD system shall be able to skip the News when being broadcast. +HD system shall decode PNG images which shall be in compliance with HD Design specification. +HD system shall be able to decode the channel icon PNG images and present to the system. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to mute the audio output. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to un-mute the audio output. +*HD system shall extract the album name, artist name, track number from the audio stream a*nd +Page 130 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +present to the system. +The feature will store the data of a tagged song in non-volatile memory within the IMC. The +feature will be able to store at least 50 tags. +*5.2.10.1.1.1 Configuration* +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the frequency band through local configuration +file. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the step frequency through local configuration file. +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the seek stop level threshold through local +configuration file. +5.2.10.1.2 Database Requirements +AM/FM/HD system shall require a database to store the channel list information which contains +the following attributes: +· Frequency +· PTY (FM & HD only) +· Channel name (FM & HD only) +· Channel icon (HD Only) +· Category (FM & HD only) +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to update the channel list database based on the following +conditions: +· New channel is found +· Existing channel disappears +· +Channel list update shall not create any inconsistency on the current channel list +database. +Page 131 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AM/FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the channel name, and present +to the system. +AM/FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the ascending order of the +frequency, and present to the system. +FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the PTY (Program Type) category, +and present to the system. +AM/FM/HD system shall create favourite station database which consists of the following +information: +· Station name (FM and HD only) +· Frequency +· Status of HD (HD, HD1, HD2) +· HD SIS (HD only) +AM/FM/HD system shall be able to update the database based on following conditions: +· Favourite station changed +· Favourite station is removed +· New favourite is added +**5.2.11 Vehicle Bus / Vehicle Info Control** +Vehicle Info Control (VIC) provides a capability to access to various vehicle properties from +applications and/or other middleware. Standardized interfaces are provided to vehicle CAN, and +LIN bus. Figure 7-27 describes overall architecture of Vehicle Info Control. The main purpose of +VIC is to provide API to application and/or middleware. Vehicle Info Control has four main +functions. +· Vehicle Data Processing +· Communication between ECUs +· Vehicle Data Upload +Page 132 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Simulator +**Figure 7-27 : Overview of Vehicle Info Control** +**5.2.11.1 Vehicle Data Processing** +Vehicle data is the information about the vehicle itself, and the information in cars (for example, +personal information on a driver, etc.). VIC deals with all the information which application +and/or middleware need within vehicles. The following data is contained in these. +· +Vehicle information about the vehicles itself, such as speed, a shift position,‑temperature +· User Information, such as a name, taste, etc. of a driver +· The operation history of a driver +Page 133 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· +The operation state of the vehicles which middleware determined based on vehicle +conditions, such as speed and day and night +Vehicles data processing consists of the following functional elements further. +(1) Abstraction of Vehicles Data +In VIC, all vehicles data is treated as abstract data. it concerns and comes out of this to the kind +of car, or the country of the destination. For example, though speed is detected at the revolving +speed of the wheel, in VIC, vehicles data is abstracted and treated at speed and it provides for +application and/or middleware. Thereby, application and/or middleware can treat the vehicles +data of the same implications and the same unit. +(2) Maintenance of Vehicles Data +Each abstracted vehicles data is held. The vehicles data to hold is a current value and the past +value (history). +(3) Application / Middleware Interface (API) +The accessing function of the vehicles data from application and/or middleware is offered as API. +Acquisition of the current value of vehicles data or the past history, a setup of vehicles data, and +the change notice function of vehicles data are included in this. However, each vehicles data +restricts the application and/or middleware which can be accessed according to the importance +(access control). +(4) Vehicles Interface +It is a function for managing the various data of vehicles of in-vehicle networks, such as CAN +and FlexRay, etc. The component in which the exchange with actual vehicles performs the +exchange with vehicles by a vehicle type since it is various is not included in requirements. +However, the correspondence procedure of it and VIC is specified. It assumes that two or more +Vehicle Interface is prepared depending on a communication method with vehicles, etc. In +addition, the vehicles data which can be accessed for every Vehicles Interface is restricted. +**5.2.11.2 Communications between ECUs** +Page 134 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +When a system consists of two or more ECUs, the vehicles data managed by ECU other than +ECU in which application and/or middleware are working shall also be treated. For this reason, +vehicle information processing communicates with it of other ECUs. Thereby, application and/or +middleware can be treated, without caring about by which ECU required vehicles data is +acquired. In addition, the communication function between ECUs also restricts the vehicle data +which each ECU can access. +**5.2.11.3 Vehicle Data Upload** +When a system consists of two or more ECUs, the vehicles data managed by ECU other than +ECU in which application and/or middleware are working shall also be treated. For this reason, +vehicle information processing communicates with it of other ECUs. Thereby, application and/or +middleware can be treated, without caring about by which ECU required vehicles data is +acquired. In addition, the communication function between ECUs also restricts the vehicle data +which each ECU can access. +**5.2.11.4 Simulator** +In the development environment of application and/or middleware, since actual vehicles data is +unacquirable, it is preparing the simulator which imitated actual vehicles, and makes +development environment construction easy. By a simulator, it assumes using the steering wheel +controller for PC games. Since this function is an object for development environment, let it be +an option. +**5.2.11.5 Requirements** +The system must hold vehicle information and must offer the mechanism in which application +and/or middleware can access vehicle information. +The system must provide application and/or middleware with vehicle information as an abstract +property. For example, the speed of vehicles must be not the number of rotations of a wheel but +the speed of a car. +System must provide a mechanism to add or delete vehicle property easily. +Page 135 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must support typical vehicle property as “standard property”. +As for a standard property, it is desirable for the same attribute name to be the same meaning. +System must provide a mechanism to add or delete custom vehicle property easily. +A custom property is a property which a system donor can add uniquely in addition to a standard +property. +Let the unit of the value of Vehicle Info Data be an international unit(meter, gram, …etc) +The value of Vehicle Info Data should have sufficient accuracy which application and/or +middleware need. For example, when a unit is made into Km/h, an integral value is not enough +as the accuracy of Velocity. It is necessary to change Km/h into MPH in the country of a mile +display. Moreover, it is because the error of the speed display is defined by law. +A vehicle information control facility requires the mechanism in which vehicle information is +stored. A lot of events generate some information at high speed. About such information, the +load to a system has few directions processed collectively. Moreover, when data is taken and +spilt by an application, the structure which can carry out recovery is required. +It is not realistic to accumulate all the information that changes at high speed. For this reason, In +corresponding to neither of the following, it shall not store the change data. +· +The amount of change of a value. It is not accumulated when the difference from the +accumulated newest value is less than a threshold value. +· +Lapsed time from the last change It does not accumulate, if time has not passed since the +newest accumulation. +About each vehicle information, the threshold value and cumulative dosage of accumulation need +to be able to set up easily. +In addition, it also makes it possible not to accumulate specific vehicle information. +System must provide an interface to application and/or middleware regarding vehicle property +access. +System must provide an interface to retrieve vehicle property from application and/or +middleware. +Page 136 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Below attributes must include in this interface +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Value +· +Timestamp - Timestamp specifies last updated time of corresponded vehicle property. +System must provide an interface to set abstracted value to vehicle property from application +and/or middleware. +Below attributes must include in this interface. +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Value +System must provide an interface to subscribe status change of vehicle property from +application and/or middleware. +When status changed, system must invoke callback function with below attributes. +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Value +· Timestamp +· Sequence number +Timestamp specifies last updated time of corresponded vehicle property. +Sequence number is useful to check event order. +The acceptable value of change can be specified for vehicle information about the notice of +change of vehicle information. +In order to lower system-wide load, it will not notify, if it is change which is less than an +acceptable value even if vehicle information changes. +For example, although engine number of rotations changes every moment, in the case of the +application which displays it in 20 steps, it is not necessary to know less than several percent of +change. +Page 137 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall not notify the change, in corresponding to neither of the following. +· +The amount of change of a value - It does not notify, if the amount of change of the +value from the last notice of change is less than specification. +· +Lapsed time from the last change - From the last notice of change, if it is less than a +definite period of time, it does not notify. +Depending on application, the notice with a fixed cycle is more convenient than the notice at the +time of change. +What is notified only the specified cycle even if it changes two or more times into the specified +notice interval is made possible. +The data stored is acquired collectively. +Below attributes must include in this interface. +· Zone(optional) +· Property name +· Values +· Timestamps +It is desirable that the time range to acquire can be specified. For example, data from 10 +seconds before to the present, data from 13:20 to 14:00, etc. +There is an attribute for which change/reference is simultaneously needed in relation to mutual +in vehicle information. For example, latitude, longitude, and an altitude are changed +simultaneously. If these pieces of vehicle information is changed and referred to individually, the +newest longitude may acquire the value in front of one, and a current position may be unable to +recognize latitude correctly. For this reason, it is necessary to summarize the vehicle information +relevant to mutual and to access it. +Access of ones of those vehicle information is deterred until renewal of all the vehicle +information included in Property Set at the time of a setup of vehicle information is completed, +and renewal of ones of those vehicle information is deterred until it completes acquisition of all +those vehicle information at the time of reference. +The definition of the vehicle information included in Property Set is being able to change easily. +Or the thing which can be changed from a program during operation. +Page 138 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism of access control per each property. For example, property +"velocity" can be accessed from only application A and B, but property "turn signal" can be +accessed from all applications. +System must also provide a mechanism of access control per each method even if same +property. For example, about "seat setting", all applications can get this property, but only +application C can set this property. +Permission for each property and method must be configurable easily. Because, access control +policy may be different per car type, grade and destination. +System must provide a mechanism to enable routing any vehicle property both within same ECU +and across two or more ECU’s. +If a Property Change event is received from VIC, change can be notified to all the applications, +middleware and other VICs which are subscribing change of the vehicle information. In addition, +the notice of change must be able to be distributed also to the application and/or middleware +which exist in a different ECU. +VIC can be requested to set the value specified as Property. +It can set, even if it exists on ECU from which an application and VIC differ. +The newest value can be returned immediately, without asking VIC to the acquisition demand +from an application. For this reason, keep the newest value of each Property. +Even if it is in ECU from which VIC of the Property differs, the demand from an application +responds. +It can exchange with two or more VICs. Addition and deletion of Data Provider can be performed +easily. +The data exchange between ECUs should be permitted by VIC. +All data transmission and reception from other Software Component are refusing. +Page 139 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The system should have a mechanism which communicates the stored vehicles. +The vehicle information to upload is being able to choose. +A selection condition is that the following specification is possible at least. +· Date-and-time range +· Object vehicles data +· The change threshold value of vehicles data +Enable change of selection of vehicle information easily. As for this, it is desirable for it to be +able to change dynamically from an external. +The simulator of vehicles data using the steering wheel controller for PC games, etc. as +substitution of actual vehicles in development environment is prepared. +Car Simulator is being able to notify the following vehicles data to vehicles data processing +activities through a vehicles interface function at least. +· Speed +· Shift position +· The direction of vehicles +· Latitude and longitude of a current position +· Turn signal +The steering wheel controller for PC games to be used is being able to obtain easily. Moreover, +it is desirable that two or more steering wheel controllers can be used. +VIC should fill the following performance specifications and performance. +It is a value on condition of H/W assumed that the following values will be used for in-vehicle +information machines and equipment in 2016. +Page 140 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Maximum number of properties : 4,096 +· Maximum number of property sets: 1,024 +· Greatest data storage time : 12 hours +It is a value on condition of H/W assumed that the following values will be used for in-vehicle +information machines and equipment in 2016. +· Get/Set method(one property) - 0.2ms +· Get/Set method(property set include 30 properties) -1.3ms +· Subscribe callback - 2.5ms (after change of a value) +· +GetHistory method(for within 3 minutes after the present) - 0.2ms +· +GetHistory method (older than 3 minutes from the present) - 50ms +VIC is being able to change without having composition which has pliability and extendibility +about the vehicles data to manage, and reconstructing the whole VIC about the kind and +attribute of vehicles data. +Vehicle Interface treats various kinds of in-vehicle LAN and sensors, and they are mounted by +various H/W according to a maker or a vehicle type. For this reason, VIC needs to be able to add +and change Vehicle Interface without reconstruction of VIC. +Abstraction of vehicles data is the duty of Vehicle Interface in principle. This is because it is +necessary to change the concreteness data depending on H/W of in-vehicle LAN or sensors. +However, an abstract vehicles data value may be decided by combination of the concreteness +vehicles data from two or more Vehicle Interface. In this case, VIC needs to change two or more +concreteness vehicles data into one abstract vehicles data. +Since this conversion is dependent on H/W of in-vehicle LAN or sensors, so it cannot be +mounted in the VIC itself. +In order to solve this, suppose that the mechanism in which such a conversion module can be +added without reconstruction of VIC is prepared for VIC. +**5.2.12 Telematics Services** +V2V, V2I, RVI, Traffic information, etc. +Page 141 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**5.2.13 Window System** +A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user +interface. A window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing +Units (GPUs), input devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software +component named window manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, +and a routing of user interactions. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multiple windows on a display. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multiple windows owned by multiple +processes to be rendered on a display. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support rendering to off-screen buffer to +achieve flicker less rendering. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support composition of windows with off- +screen buffers. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support a translucent window, i.e. underlying +objects underneath the translucent window is visible depending on the alpha values of pixels. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall make OpenGL/ES 2.0 API compliant to Khronos +group available to clients for their rendering. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that uses only public +APIs provided by Window System and OpenGL/ES 2.0 for rendering and user interaction. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support window manager that is replaceable by +configuration. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall provide a window system that abstracts the +*underlying display subsystem and GPU. AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall hav*e a +Page 142 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +window manager that relies on a standard rendering API such as OpenGL/ES 2.0 only. The +window manager shall not rely on any hardware specific API. A window system and OpenGL/ES +2.0 API are responsible for a hardware abstraction. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multi-headed display where available. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support mirroring of windows to multiple +displays. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support hardware layers, such as DRM planes, +where available. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall compose windows using available hardware +acceleration capabilities. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support management of windows and inputs +from users depending on statuses of a vehicle. The statuses of vehicle include a speed of a +vehicle, a motion of a vehicle, etc. For instance, the inputs may needs to be limited while the +vehicle reaches to the certain speed. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall abstract physical input devices such as buttons, +a touch panel, a control knob etc. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support On-screen keyboard which takes input +from available physical input devices. +**6 Security Services** +Security framework +6.1 Access Control +Access Control describes requirements for AGL Access Control. +Page 143 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Access control is a mechanism to grant / deny access to APIs/files in the system. +**6.1.1 Requirements** +AGL system must support a system-wide access control mechanism. +**7 Operating System Layer** +7.1 Kernel +**7.1.1 Linux Kernel** +Automotive Grade Linux uses the Linux Kernel. The kernel is constantly evolving with a new +release about every sixty days. The automotive industry has design cycles of three to five years +for IVI systems. Somehow a balance must be struck between updating operating system and +kernel every few months and keeping up to date with modern features that the kernel and the +rest of the open source community provides, +**7.1.1.1 Requirements** +AGL kernel shall be based on Long Term Support Initiative (LTSI) kernel. +At the moment LTSI kernel is the only open source/public kernel that gets closer to automotive +industry needs – it has certain automotive industry demanded components integrated, it is fully +aligned with Linux LTS trees so it leverages security fixes and/or generic bugfixes adapted by +Linux community, LTSI kernel merge window is more flexible to industry demands and allow to +accumulate wider set of features, components and bugfixes relevant for industry (comparing to +regular Linux kernel merge/release cycle). LTSI kernel is thoroughly validated manually and with +the help of automated tools to track and discover anomalies and regressions. +AGL development process should utilize bug tracker with ability to mark bugs as open/fixed on +particular distribution branches. Open bugs should have direct impact on release decisions. +Page 144 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +7.2 Boot Loader +7.3 Hypervisor +TBD. Need to add very basic “background” regarding virtualization, explain about OS-level +virtualization/isolation, then about type1/type2 hypervisors (virtualization). In modern IVI +systems OS-level virtualization is widely used (applications isolation, combination of Android +and Linux apps together), future – maybe Linux/IVI + ADAS + Instrument Cluster = guests on +top type1 hypervisor. +**7.3.1 Requirements** +AGL shall provide OS-level mechanisms for running multiple isolated instances (containers) that +have its own directory structure, network devices, IP addresses and process table. The +processes running in other containers shall not be visible from inside a container. +AGL Linux should be configurable to work as Type-1 “bare-metal” hypervisor “guest”. Following +functionality shall be supported by AGL Linux “guest”: +· IPC (with hypervisor and other “guests”) +· +“paravirtualized” device drivers for peripherals shared with other “guests” (unless +virtualization abstraction is supported by hardware) +7.4 Operating System +**7.4.1 File Systems** +File system (FS) requirements for AGL concentrate on Reliability, Accessibility, and Serviceability +as their main characteristics. +· +*Reliability*means data integrity protection, automatic error detection and correction, +tolerance to power failures, robustness under stress I/O load in multi-process +environment, extended lifetime via use of wear leveling and bad block management +techniques. +Page 145 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **FS Requirements** > **R-FS References** + ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------ + > 6. File Systems (P1) > 2. btrfs + > > + > 6.1. Robust File System for managed internal > 2.1. + > > + > storage (P1) > btr + > > + > 6.1.1. Power failure tolerance (P1) > fsc + > > + > 6.1.2. Quick recovery after power loss > k + > > + > (P1) > 3. ext2 + > > + > 6.1.3. Multi-threaded I/O (P1) > 3.1. + > > + > 6.1.4. On-demand integrity checker (P1) > e2 + > > + > 6.1.5. Read-only mode (P1) > def + > > + > 6.1.6. Non-blocking unmounting (P1) > rag + > > + > 6.1.7. Means for optimizing I/O > 4. ext3 + > > + > performance if it may degrade under > 5. ext4 + > > + > certain conditions. (P2) > 5.1. + > > + > 6.1.8. File space pre-allocation (P2) > e4 + > > + > 6.1.9. Meta-data error detection (P2) > def + > > + > 6.1.10. File data error detection (P2) > rag + > > + > 6.1.11. Online integrity checking (P2) > 5.2. + > > + > 6.1.12. Write timeout control (P2) > e2f + > > + > 6.1.13. Compression support (P2) > sck + > > + > 6.1.14. Quota support (P2) > 6. vfat + > > + > 6.1.15. I/O process priority (P2) > 7. UBIFS + > > + > 6.1.16. File system event notifications > 8. Generic + > + > tools and + > + > APIs + > + > 8.1. + > + > fan + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· +*Accessibility*means ability to use external storage devices, as well as accessing +designated parts of internal file system over secure wired or wireless connections. +· +*Serviceability*means ability to upgrade AGL as a whole or by updating individual +packages, and availability of file system checking and optimization tools. +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +(P2) +6.1.17. Logical block size control (P2) +6.1.18. Snapshots (P2) +6.2. File System for non-managed internal +storage (P1) + +May 28, 2015 + +otif + +y + +8.2. + +fst + +rim + +6.2.1. All P1 requirements from +FS.1.1.x list (P1) +6.2.2. Wear leveling (P1) +6.2.3. Error detection/correction (P1) +6.2.4. Tolerance to flipping bits (P1) +6.2.5. Read/write disturb awareness +(P1) +6.2.6. Bad block management (P1) +6.2.7. As many P2 requirements from +FS.1.1.x list as possible (P2) +6.2.8. Wear leveling statistics (P2) +6.3. File Systems for removable storage (P1) +6.3.1. Restricted functionality from +security point of view (P1) +6.3.2. Automount/autounmount (P1) +6.3.3. Automatic synchronous flushing +of modified data to physical media (P2) +**7.4.1.1 Requirements** +AGL shall provide a set of file systems to support the following types of storage devices: +internal managed (SSD, eMMC, etc.), internal non-managed (raw NOR and NAND FLASH +memory), removable managed (USB stick, SD card). +AGL shall provide robust file system suitable for use on managed internal storage devices, +Page 147 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL shall provide robust file system suitable for use on non-managed internal storage devices, +AGL shall provide a set of file systems popular on removable media devices. +A system must be able to withstand power failures under heavy load of meta-data-intensive, +and data-intensive operations, including power-failures during OS startup, and shutdown. +A file system must be able to restore good data and meta-data state after unexpected power +interruption without performing the full time-consuming integrity check. Such recovery should +not add more than a second to the normal boot process after power failure on idle system. +Normally this is achieved via journal- or log-based (also known as transactional or copy-on- +write) operation. +A file system must be able to handle meta-data-intensive, and data-intensive I/O from multiple +threads and/or processes simultaneously. +A file system must have integrity checking tool with ability to execute it on-demand. +A file system must be able to switch between read-only, (when no data is committed to physical +storage device), and read/write modes in runtime. E.g. via “mount –o remount,ro <device>” +command. +AGL must support “lazy” (delayed) unmounting. +AGL should provide means for optimizing potentially degraded I/O performance after prolonged +file system and storage use. Often, this refers to offline or online file system defragmentation. +Another example is periodic fstrim execution on SSD storage. +A file system should be able to pre-allocate space for created/extended files on request. This +may be used to minimize fragmentation of frequently written files. +A file system should have an option of automatic error detection in its meta-data. +Page 148 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +A file system should be able to associate error detection codes with separate blocks of stored +data, and to verify the data against the codes in runtime upon each read from a physical device. +A file system should have a utility for meta-data integrity checking on mounted partition. +A file system should allow changing timeout after which it flushes modified data to physical +media. +A file system should support automatic data compression. +It should be possible to enable file system quotas for particular users and/or groups. +AGL should allow to set I/O scheduling class and priority for particular processes. +AGL should allow user space applications to subscribe for file and directory change notifications. +Making logical block size equal to a power of physical block size may improve physical I/O +performance, and decrease file fragmentation impact. +A file system should allow creation of snapshots. +A file system must perform wear leveling before writing data, so that the limited number of +erase/program cycles is evenly distributed across all device blocks. +A file system must support the following error detection/correction algorithm(s): BCH4, BCH8. +A file system should not just be able to detect/correct a number of flipped bits but should also +actively prevent the issue from happening in the first place, especially after unexpected power +interruption. Known techniques include forced reprogramming of blocks that were in use at the +time of power failure, and copying data to a fresh block after detected error correction. +A file system should not just be able to detect/correct errors caused by read/write disturb +Page 149 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +phenomenon but should also actively prevent the issue from happening in the first place. Known +techniques include limiting the number of read cycles between erases, and copying data to a +fresh block after detected error correction. +A file system must perform bad block detection and management transparently to file system +users. +Current FLASH wear-related statistics should be accessible via user-space utility. +A file system must support noexec, and nodev mount options. +A file system must be able to automatically mount plugged-in removable media, and +automatically unmount it when unplugged. +A file system must support sync mount option. +AGL shall provide a set of file systems to support the following types of storage devices: +internal managed (SSD, eMMC, etc.), internal non-managed (raw NOR and NAND FLASH +memory), removable managed (USB stick, SD card). +**7.4.2 Resource Control** +In IVI system, it depends time and occasion that which application and/or middleware should be +higher priority. Resource control provides basic functionality regarding proper resource +allocation for each process and/or process group. +(cgroups) +**7.4.2.1 Use Case and Role** +If end user specified a destination and started route guidance, map drawing following current +position and voice and/or visual guidance should be treated as higher priority than others. +On the other hand, if end user is watching a movie, movie player and decoder should be assigned +Page 150 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + > **No.** > **Role** > **Description** + ----------- -------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- + > 1 > Priority > Allocate resource via its own priority. High priority + > + > process and/or process group should be assigned + > + > more resource. + + > 2 > Time slot > To share resource per time slot. + + > 3 > Release > Forced release of partially or whole allocated + > + > resource. + + > 4 > Grouping > Grouping two or more processes, and allocate + > + > resource per defined process group. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +to higher priority than others. +Important point is that it may assign two or more high priority application and/or middleware at +the same time. And, one function may be provided from two or more processes. +Table 9-33 describes the role of resource control to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +AGL assumes four types of resources, CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network +bandwidth. Table 9-34 describes associated roles per each resource type. +**Table 9-34 : Functions of System Resource Management** +**7.4.2.2 Requirements** +7.4.2.2.1 Priority +System provides a mechanism to set resource priority per each process. +Page 151 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System provides an interface to set and refer resource priority of specific process. +This interface must be called from other process. +CPU resource must support “priority” based resource management. +Resource Manager should dynamically change the ratio of offering resources according to the +status of resources using by system. And its configuration must be changed easily. +Resource Manager should log the status of resources using by system. +Resource Manager should offer resources separately to threads of user land and threads of +kernel. And Resource Manager should treat the bottom half and software interrupts as high +priority tasks. +7.4.2.2.2 Time Slot +When two or more process request to same resource at the same time, system must provide a +mechanism to mediate to guarantee the time slot to obtain specific timeframe for each +processes. +System must provide an interface to set specific timeframe to obtain time slot per each process. +System must provide a mechanism of resource sharing by time slot regarding CPU, storage +bandwidth and network bandwidth. +Scheduler should detect the status of resources for each thread. +Scheduler must not run the specific thread for more than 10 micro second. +Scheduler should guarantee that threads can run periodically. +Scheduler should control the dispatches that occur extremely. +Page 152 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +7.4.2.2.3 Release +System must provide an interface to release all or partial resource which had obtained by +specific process. +System must provide a mechanism of resource releasing regarding memory resource. +7.4.2.2.4 Grouping +System must provide a mechanism to group two or more processes regarding resource +management such as priority, time slot and releasing. System must able to assign same +attributes to grouped processes altogether. +System must provide an interface to group two or more processes from other process. +System must provide a mechanism to group regarding CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and +network bandwidth. +**7.4.3 Startup/Shutdown Control** +Boot/Shutdown Control is a mechanism to control boot and shutdown of a program running in a +user space. The order of boot/shutdown in the target program can be easily swapped depending +on the product configuration. Boot/Shutdown Control supports both “static order” which +boots/shuts down the program according to the static dependency of each program, and +“dynamic order” which swaps the order dynamically in specific conditions. +**7.4.3.1 Use Cases** +(1) Static Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order +a. +Setting up of Boot/Shutdown Order Based on Product Configuration +To support various product configurations, the integrator configures/modifies orders of boot/shutdown +for all programs running on the target device. +Page 153 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. +Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown during a Program Development +In order to evaluate a developed program, the developer modifies only the order of the developed +program in target programs. +c\. Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown when Software Update +Maintainer modifies the order of boot/shut down for a program to be updated when software update. +(2) Dynamic Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order +a. +Prioritized Boot of the Features which the User was Previously Using +It dynamically modifies the boot order of the target program in order for last used features (e.g. audio) to +be operated by priority when ACC turns ON. +b\. Prioritized Boot of Update Functionalities +Update related programs are booted by priority when connected with maintenance kit and ACC turned +ON. +**7.4.3.2 Requirements** +Boot/Shutdown Control shall start components, which are configured to be started. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall ensure that dependent components are started in the order that +has been configured. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall start independent components in parallel. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall stop components, which are requested to be stopped. +Boot/Shutdown Control shall ensure that dependent components are stopped in the order that +has been configured. +Page 154 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Boot/Shutdown Control shall be configurable by run level to start corresponding modules. +**7.4.4 Database** +Due to the nature of AGL operating environment, it is very important for DB engine to guarantee +database instance integrity after power failures. Other important feature for generic system +database engine is rich set of bindings to various programming languages. +Below is short summary for better understanding of DBS Requirements and References +hierarchy. +1. Power failure tolerance (P1) +2. Quick recovery after power loss (P1) +3. Multi-threaded I/O (P1) +4. API bindings for C programming language +5. On-demand integrity checker (P2) +DB instance integrity must be ensured after power failures under heavy load of read and write +DB transactions. +DB engine must be able to quickly restore good data state after unexpected power interruption. +Such recovery should not add more than a second to the normal boot process after power +failure on idle system. +DB engine must allow read and write access to DB instance from multiple threads and/or +processes simultaneously. +DB engine API must be available for C-based applications. +DB engine should have DB instance integrity checking tool with ability to execute it on-demand. +DB engine must be able to quickly restore to a previously defined state after unexpected power +interruption during adding some data. +Page 155 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +DB engine should have availability to merge some data from internal and external databases, +such as vehicle information database and databases at data center. +And DB engine should have accessibility to allow read access to DB instance during merging. +Also, DB engine should have durability not to break its data after unexpected power interruption +during merging. +**7.4.5 System Update** +Maintenance of in-vehicle devices is also an important role for any automotive system. There are +numerous use cases for updating the device software such as software failure,security patching, +bug fixes, and new features. Because automotive devices are battery operated and subject to +power cuts any System Updates must be robust enough to withstand sudden power loss. +System Update module should have a Robust version up function. +System Update moduleshould have a system difference version up function. +There should be a data update structure for each file or package (same as WindowsUpdate or +apt of Linux distribution). +There should be a data update structure for each file or package (same as WindowsUpdate or +apt of Linux distribution). +Difference update should be enabled for kernel, middle ware and application. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs during update for differences, the system should +be recovered after choosing the status (before or after update) for each update target. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs during update for differences, the status (during +update) should be detected and the system should restart. +Time required for applying patch should be 5 minutes maximum for single 10MByte data. +Page 156 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Memory usage for difference update should be maximum 1Mbyte. +Unit amount for difference data should be 10MByte maximum for difference update. +System Update moduleshould have full version up function for whole system. +Kernel, middle ware and application should be mass updated. System structure should allow +mass update. +There should be mass update structure for kernel, middle ware and application. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs while mass update of kernel, middle ware and +application, the status (during update) should be detected and the system should restart. +If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs while mass update of kernel, middle ware and +application, the status (during update) should be detected and the system should restart. +7.5 Device Drivers +Device drivers may be in kernel space or user space or a combination of both. +**7.5.1 Peripherals** +Typical IO device drivers such as SPI, USB, memory, I2C that are typically present on a SOC. +The flash process must be robust with an endurance of more than 10k write/erase cycles and +data retention over 15-years/10 ppm, assuming application specific worst-case conditions. For +optimised timing for downloading and restoring data the programming access time shall be less +than 50 s/byte average. +The EEPROM process must be robust with an endurance of more than 100k write/erase cycles +and data retention over 15 years/10ppm. Higher programming voltage than 5 V for Flash or +EEPROM is not allowed. +Page 157 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +In applications that need to save data at power down, the programming access time must be +fast. (target <1ms/byte) +N.B. EEPROM functionality can be emulated in flash memory passing the requirements above. +**7.5.2 Graphics Drivers** +Graphics drivers provide the interface to the graphical resources (e.g., GPU) within the system. +This may include on-board graphical resources or a separate GPU from the main SOC. +**7.5.3 Video Drivers** +Video codecs allow the system to decode and/or encode video for playback or recording. Video +codecs will nearly always be hardware based. +**7.5.3.1 Requirements** +The system shall provide device drivers to access any hardware implementation of video +functionality. +**7.5.4 Audio Codecs** +**7.5.4.1 Requirements** +Automotive Grade Linux BSPs shall provide devices drivers to access audio codecs that are +implemented in hardware. +Automotive Grade Linux BSPs should provide software implementations for those audio codecs +that are required for AGL-based products and not supported in hardware. +**7.5.5 Automotive Devices** +Device drivers for automotive related devices. This may includes buses such as CAN, MOST, or +*LIN. Device drivers may be required for receivers (AM, FM, SDARS, etc). Drivers may also be* +Page 158 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +required to directly interface to sensors that may not be on the bus such as gyros used for +navigation or an air bag sensor for a telematics system. +**8 Notices** +Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. +The Linux Foundation and Yocto Project are registered trademarks of The Linux Foundation. +Bluetooth is a registered trademark of the Bluetooth SIG Inc. +Miracast is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. +MirrorLink is a certification mark of the Car Connectivity Consortium. +AirPlay is a trademark of Apple, Inc. +Page 159 of 159 diff --git a/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/04-app-fw.md b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/04-app-fw.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c88cb04 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/04-app-fw.md @@ -0,0 +1,1499 @@ +--- + +title : Application Framwork +author: imported from Doors-ng by Fulup(iot.bzh) +date : 2016-06-30 +categories: architecture, automotive +tags: architecture, automotive, linux +layout: techdoc + +--- + +## Application Framework Layer +The Application Framework layer provides the methods needed to create software applications +and their user interfaces. The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of +which may be built into an SDK or product build. The application framework contains any code +specifically written for that framework as well the bindings to the Services and Operating +Systems layers that the application framework provides for its applications. +4.1 AGL Application Framework +The AGL Application Framework provides basic services to all applications regardless of the +framework they are implemented in so that there is a standard method providing the services. +Page 20 of 159 + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0  +{: class="image"} + +May 28, 2015 + +### Application Manager +Application Manager describes requirements for AGL application lifecycle function. Application +lifecycle contains application installation/removal and launch/hide/resume/kill. + +### Requirements +AGL System must support application lifecycle (install/uninstall, launch/kill, suspend/resume) based on +appid/pid via launcher. +AGL System must support a database to store application metadata (appid, exec path etc.). +AGL System must provide an interface to get a list of installed applications. +AGL System must provide an interface to get the state of an application. +AGL System must provide application privilege control. + +### Window Manager +A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user interface. A +window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), input +devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software component named window +manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, and a routing of user interactions. +A window manager is as software component that is responsible for a layout management of +windows. +Window manager of automotive middleware layer makes up for traditional window management +system to be satisfied IVI’s complex requirements, typically requested from Policy Manager. +Also, AGL aims to provide well-portability among various hardware platforms. +Page 21 of 159 + + **No.** | **Role** | **Description** + -----------| -----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------- + 1 | Window drawing | Provide capability to draw a window to any place + | | + | | and any size and any scale. + | | + | | Also provide capability to change visibility of the + | | + | | window. + 2 | Overlay of multiple | Provide capability to overlay two or more windows + | | + | windows | with any z-order. + | | + | | Also provide capability to use hardware layer + | | + | | efficiently. + 3 | Visual effect | Provide capability to adapt visual effect as below. + | | + | | · Animation effect to change visibility + | | + | | · Animation effect to transit between two or + | | + | | more windows + | | + | | · Visual effect for a window, such as gray-out + | | + | | and transparent. + 4 | Frame rate control | Provide capability to control dynamic frame rate + | | + | | change. This is useful if system resource was + | | + | | shortage. + 5 | Multiple hardware layer | Provide capability to use hardware layer efficiently + | | + | support | if hardware supports two or more hardware layers. + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 + +#### Use Case +Please refer “screen resource control” of Policy Manger section. + +#### Role +Table 7-148 describes the role of window manager to be satisfied above purpose and use +cases. +Page 22 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + | 6 | Reduced dependency of | Provide well-defined interface to reduce + | | + | hardware | dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface + | + | also makes it possible to increase the effect of + | + | portability and development cost. + ----- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ + | 7 | Multi window / multi | Support multi window management and multi + | | + | display | display. + + | 8 | Compatibility | From the compatibility point of view, AGL should + | + | use public API, and shall not rely on hardware + | + | specific API. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 + +May 28, 2015 +#### Requirements +4.1.2.3.1 Window Drawing +System must provide a mechanism to manage surfaces, such as create, delete, make visible and +make invisible. +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete surface. +When surface is created or deleted, system must notify status change to GUI resource. +This notification mechanism makes possible to assign surface to proper area by GUI resource. +System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each surface. +And, provide an interface to change visibility. +All the surfaces must be set to invisible for initial state. +Surface will be visible only if GUI resource issues to change visibility. +System must provide a mechanism to move surface’s area. If area size was different between +previous area and new one, then system must support to fit into new area by VIC.4.1.4. +*System must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area. Because, size of area may differe*nt +Page 23 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +from size of surface. +If resize was happened, system must notify to surface’s owner application. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by squeeze. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by using combination of scaling and trimming function. +That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect +ratio. This makes it possible to fit by “pan & scan”. +If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface +into area by using combination of scaling and background color. +That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect +ratio. System also provides a mechanism to fill background color into redundant pixels. This +mechanism makes it possible to do “letterbox” method. +4.1.2.3.2 Overlay of Multiple Windows +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete a layer. +Layer must have a concept of z-order. That means, display order for each layer is decided by +their z-order attribute. +Z-order attribute is fixed value. So, if application wants to change display order of surfaces, +then, attached layer must be changed. +System must provide a mechanism to create and delete “area” to display surface. +Area is a concept which defines where to display in specific layer. +System must provide a mechanism to attach surface to any layer. +Also, system must be able to change attached layer. +And, provide an interface to attach and change. +Page 24 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to assign surface to any area in a layer. +And, provide an interface to assign surface to any area. +System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each layer. +That means all the surfaces belonging to same layer will be changed visible or invisible at the +same time. +And, provide an interface to change visibility per layer. +Initial state must be set to invisible. +System must provide a mechanism to enable superimposed display based on z-order of each +layer, and disposition of surfaces. +4.1.2.3.3 Visual Affect +System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when visibility change was +happened. +Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes. +- Duration +Animation type +System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom- +out. +Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by +plug-in architecture. +System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when move surface was happened. +Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes. +· Duration +Animation type +System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom- +Page 25 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +out. +Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by +plug-in architecture. +System must provide a mechanism to make effect to surface. +And, provide an interface to set effect type from application and other software components. +System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to gray-out. +System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to low brightness +System must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change effect for surface easily by plug-in +architecture. +4.1.2.3.4 Frame Rate Control +System must provide a mechanism to reduce frame rate independent from refresh interval of +application. +System also provides a mechanism to set frame rate as 0fps, independent from refresh interval +of application. +This function is useful to keep whole system quality even if high load status, such as live +thumbnail and moving surface. +4.1.2.3.5 Multiple Hardware Layer Support +If hardware supports two or more hardware layers, system must provide a mechanism to use +hardware layers efficiently. +· +Never use software overlay when superimposing two or more hardware layers +Assign hardware layer for graphical high load function, such as video playback +4.1.2.3.6 Reduced Dependency of Hardware +Page 26 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Window Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding displays and layers of +each display. And system must provide a mechanism to adapt any structure without re-build, +such as by using re-configuration. +4.1.2.3.7 Multi Window +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall manage multiple windows owned by multiple +processes on a display. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multi-headed display. +4.1.2.3.8 Compatibility +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that uses only public +APIs provided by Window System and OpenGL/ES 2.0 for rendering and user interaction. +AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that relies on a +standard rendering API such as OpenGL/ES 2.0 only. The window manager shall not rely on any +hardware specific API. +A window system and OpenGL/ES 2.0 API are responsible for a hardware abstraction. + +**4.1.3 Policy Manager** +**4.1.3.1 Overview** +4.1.3.1.1 Purpose +Policy Manager collects information and makes decisions based on them. To do that, Policy +Manager collects lots of status, such as user operation and application status, then issue Vehicle +Info Control or Resource Control to provide information. Policy Manager controls two types of +resource, one is called “GUI resources” such as screen and sound, and other one is called +Page 27 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +“System resources” such as CPU and memory. +4.1.3.1.2 GUI Resources +(1) Definition +· About Control of GUI Resources +AGL is supposed the following devices in this feature. For example, display with touch panel, +speaker, and microphone. And AGL defines that “GUI resources” are resources that provide user +or is provided by user on those devices, such as windows, sound streams and input events. +**Figure 7-1: GUI resources** +Page 28 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager controls GUI resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy +Manager limits the information of GUI resources while the vehicle is driving, because, the too +much information distracts the attention of driver from driving operations. +· Associated Software Architecture +The software architecture of Policy Manager and related components regarding GUI resources +control is as below. +**Figure 7-2: Associated Software Expected Use Case** +Page 29 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + | **No** | **Component** | **Description** + | + | **.** + ---------- ------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- + | 1 | Homescreen | Request to control of GUI resources. + + | 2 | Applications | Request to output or input of GUI resources. + + | 3 | UI Component | Receive driving mode and day night mode. And + | + | then provide the corresponding feature to + | + | applications UI such as input limitation and + | + | changing the theme. + + | 4 | Application Manager | Detect application installation. Then Notify the + | + | definition of GUI resources such as role by + | + | application configurations. + + | 5- | Vehicle | Window Manager + | | + | 1 | Info + | + | Control + + | 5- | Sound Manager + | + | 2 + + | 5- | Input Manager + | + | 3 + + | 5- | Vehicle Info Distributor + | + | 4 + + | 5- | User Manager + | + | 5 + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager is related with the below components. +(2) Role +Page 30 of 159 + + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + | **ID** | **Role** | **Description** + ---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------- + | 1 | External condition | (1) Receives the external conditions. + | + | collection + + | 2 | Judgment of priority of | (1) Receives the input/output/control request of + | | + | GUI resource | GUI resources. + | + | (2) Judgment the GUI resource owner according to + | + | external conditions. + + | 3 | GUI resource control | (1) Issue the GUI resource control according to + | + | judgment. + | + | (2) Notify the driving mode and day night mode + | + | that is calculated by external conditions. + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager has the below role. +Page 31 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Figure 7-3: Definition of Role** +GUI resource classifies screen resource, sound resource and input resource. Details of each +resource type are as follows: +a. Screen Resource +a-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager collects the below definition that is related with screen resource. +**Figure 7-4: Definition of screen resource** +• Concept of Display, Layer, Layout and Area +AGL supports not only one physical display but also two or more displays. Each display has one +or more layer. And each layer must be connected to one layout defined by Homescreen. Layout +Page 32 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +consists of one or more areas. “Area” is graphics composed area to display specific graphics +window. +The z-order of layers is flexible. Policy Manager decides the z-order of each layer depending on +objectives of them. For example, layer-1 was used as “phone call notification”, and layer-2 was +used as displaying “map”, then Policy Manager will decide that layer-1 should be upper than +layer-2. +Layer is created by application including Homescreen. When application creates layer, +application specifies layer type. Layer type is roughly categorized as “Basic” and “Interrupt”. +“Basic” layers are used to display application itself such as media playback, map drawing and +setting menu. “Interrupt” layers are used to display overlay windows such as information alert +and enlarged view. +When application creates layer with ”Basic” type, application must specify layout type for it. On +the other hand, the case layer with “Interrupt”, application must specify corresponding “Basic” +layer. The layout of “Interrupt” layer is followed by “Basic” layer’s layout. +From the capability of Policy Manager point of view, the main purpose of layer is to decide z- +order. In other words, if there is a scenario to change z-order of two or more windows triggered +by system status change and/or user operation, then such kind of window must assign to +individual layer. +• Concept of Layer Owner, Role and Surface +“Layer owner” is application which created that layer. “Layer owner” can request each area of +that layer. When “Layer owner” requests specific area, “Layer owner” also specify “Role” of +area. “Role” represents how to be used that area, and used to define z-order of layers by Policy +Manager. +“Layer owner” also can request to change “Role” for specific area, however, whether “Role” +change is acceptable or not is decided by Policy Manager by using policy rule. +One area should connect to one graphics window. AGL defines the term “Surface” as graphics +window to display into one area. +Page 33 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Surface is a canvas to draw graphical image by application. To show via physical display, surface +drawn by application must be assigned to specific area. Figure 7-16 describes simplest example +to assign one surface to full screen with one layer. If layer has two or more areas, then +corresponding surfaces are mapped to each area. According to example of Figure 7-16, surface +is fit to area size as “squeeze”, however AGL also provide a way to fit as “letterbox” and “pan & +scan”. +**Figure 7-5: Definition of Surface** +• Subdivision of “Interrupt” Layer +Basically, “Basic” layer corresponding to “Interrupt” layer is used to display application’s main +surface. However there are some exceptions. For example virtual keyboard is not needed main +surface. However, to follow this layer type rule, virtual keyboard must have corresponding +“Basic” layer. But this “Basic” layer never used to display. Also on-screen, such as alert message +is not needed main surface too. But it must have corresponding “Basic” layer from same reason. +According to above concept and some exceptions, AGL defines four layer types described +as Table 7-3. +Page 34 of 159 + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + | **No** | **Type** | **Summary** | **Example** + ---------- ------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- + | 1 | Basic | This is application’s basic screen. Typically, | Map of navigation + | + | application requests this layer at first time. + + | 2 | Interrupt | This is application’s popup screen. | Enlarged view of + | + | navigation + + | 3 | On-screen | This is system popup screen. Typically, On- | Warning message + | | + | screen service (e.g. Homescreen) requests | popup + | + | this layer. + + | 4 | Software | This is the software keyboard screen. | Software keyboard + | | + | keyboard | Typically, software keyboard service + | + | requests this layer. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + | **No** | **Contents** | **Summary** | **Example** + ---------- ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ + | 1 | Role | This is screen owner (such as application or | Navigation + | + | service) role. + + | 2 | Sub role | This is specific screen role. | Enlarged view + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +a-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource +Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each screen resource. Role +is the category name of screen resource priority. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy +Manager. Table 7-4 and Figure 7-6 describes the definition of role and sub role. +Role consists of role and sub role. Role is screen owner role such as “Navigation” and “Software +Page 35 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +keyboard”. Sub role defines when layer type of the screen resource is not “Basic”. Sub role is +popup screen role such as “Enlarged view” (of Navigation). +**Figure 7-6: Definition of Role and Sub role** +The screen resources are sorted of priority that is related to role by Policy Manager. If display +has two or more layers, then all layers will be superimposed by z-order. +In addition, Policy Manager decides the area of "Interrupt" layer using role. Area of "Interrupt" +layer must be same area of the related "Basic" layer. "related" means that "Role" (is not "Sub +role") of "Basic" and "Interrupt" is same. For examples, if "Interrupt" layer is set “Navigation” +role and “Lane guidance” sub role, this is set in same area of "Navigation" role. +a-3. GUI resource control +Policy Manager controls the screen resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the screen resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control +directly. +Page 36 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +There are three types of screen resource control: +One is allocation of each surface such as position, size and size-fitting method. +Second one is visibility control. Basically, visibility should be “ON” during area owner was +assigned. However, visibility may set to “OFF” during driving mode due to driving restriction. +Last one is order control of each layer. Policy Manager decides the order of each layer, and issue +z-order information for each layer. +b. Sound Resource +b-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with sound resource. +**Figure 7-7: Definition of Sound Resource** +• Zone +Zone is a place in the car, such as driver zone, passenger zone, rear seat zone. Each zone can +play at the same time. +Page 37 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + | **No** | **Type** | **Summary** | **Example** + ---------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------- + | 1 | Basic | This is application’s basic sound. | Music of media + | + | player + + | 2 | Interrupt | This is application’s interrupt sound. | Guidance of + | + | Navigation + + | 3 | Beep | This is beep. Typically, Homescreen | Display touch sound + | + | requests this type. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +• Sound type +Sound type is the category of sound resource. Sound type must be set by each sound resource +owner such as application. If application wants to play sound, it must be assigned to proper +sound type of proper zone. Only one sound stream can occupy specific sound type of specific +zone. In other words, if two or more sound streams should be mixed in same zone, then each +sound stream must assign to individual sound type. +AGL supports the following sound type, however it’s just sample and should be configurable. +• Stream +Stream is connection of sound resource that is made in applications. Sound is transferred in +stream. +b-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each sound resource. Role +is the category name of sound resource. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy +Manager. Figure 7-8 describes the definition of role. +Page 38 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**Figure 7-8: Sample Role** +The sound resources in the same zone and same sound type are switched along the priority that +is related to role by Policy Manager. In other words, the sound resources of different zones or +different sound type are not switched. They are mixed. +b-3. GUI Resource Control +Policy Manager controls the sound resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the sound resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control +directly. +There are two types of sound resource control: +One is playback control such as play, pause and stop. Policy Manger issues to play sound for +sound area owner, and if area owner was changed, then issue to stop previous playing sound +Page 39 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +stream and to start play latest area owner. +Other one is volume control. Two or more sound streams of same zone may playback +simultaneously if each sound streams are assigned to different sound type. In this case, Policy +Manager specifies volume parameter for each sound stream. For example, if route guidance and +music playback are mixed, assign higher volume to route guidance and volume down for music +playback. +c. Input Resource +c-1. External Condition Collection +Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with input resource. +**Figure 7-9: Definition of Input Resource** +• Device Name +Device name is identity of input device such as steering SW and microphone. +• Event Type +Event type is logical group of input event from each input device such as volumes and +temperatures. +c-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +Page 40 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +If application wants to be notified input event, it must request input event notice with device +name and event type. The request is judged whether to notify by Policy Manager using policy +DB. And Vehicle Info Control notifies input event to applications along the result of the +judgment as below. +**Figure 7-10: Definition of routing rule** +OEM special switch means product variant configuration in Figure 7-10. +c-3. GUI Resource Control +Policy Manager controls the input resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only +issues to control the input resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control directly. +Input resource control is to specify event target to Vehicle Info Control. +4.1.3.1.3 System Resources +(1) Definition +Policy Manager controls System resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy +Manager limits memory usage of background applications when memory shortage was occurred. +Page 41 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + | **ID** | **Role** | **Description** + ---------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- + | 1 | External condition | (1) Receives the external conditions. + | + | collection + + | 3 | System resource control | 1. Issue the System resource control according + | + | to external condition change. + | + | 2. Kill process(s) forcibly according to external + | + | condition change. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager controls System resources by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. So, +target resources are CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network bandwidth. +**4.1.3.2 Requirements** +4.1.3.2.1 Screen Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the physical display information. Because system +uses physical display information with to control surface to other system. The receive +information must include as follows. +a. ID +b. Display resolution (Vertical and horizontal number of pixels) +c. DPI +d. Connected ECU +Page 42 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout definition. Layout definition must be +able to identify the all areas of display. As a result, system recognizes the available area list +according to current layout of each display. +The receive definition must include the follows. +a. ID +b. Area list +System must provide a mechanism to receive the area definition. Area is set application surface +by system if the request is accepted by system. As a result, application surface displays on the +device. +The receive request must include the follows. +a. Layout ID +b. ID +c. Area position (Coordinate of the upper-left) +d. Area size (Length \* Width) +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout type of each display. System can specify +the available areas if layout type is defined. The receive information must include the follows. +a. Display ID +b. Layout ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the priority rule. Because system must judge the +providing resource using it when the request is collision. +The receive information must include the follows. +a. Role +b. Priority +System must provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system must judge +driving mode. +The receive information must include the follows. +a. Velocity +Page 43 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Brake status +System should provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system should judge +day night mode. +The receive information should include the follows. +a. The brightness of the interior +System should provide a mechanism to receive the user status. Because system should judge the +providing resource using it. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the infrastructure status. Because system should +judge the providing resource using it. +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the layer request. System allocates the physical +resource. Application must request the area on this layer if application needs to display the +resource. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +b. Layer type +The receive request should include as follows. +c. Display ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the area request. System sorts layers in order by +priority that is related with the specified role. Then system displays the application surface on +the specified area on the specified layer. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +Page 44 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Layer ID +The receive request must include as follows when layer type of the specified layer is “Basic”. +Because there is a specification that the area on layer except basic type must be located on the +related basic type area. +c. Area ID +**Figure 7-11: Sequence to display** +System should provide an interface to request both screen and sound resource simultaneously. +In this request, requester should choose below options. +a. +Requester needs both screen and sound. For example, if screen resource was available, +but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher priority, then, request should +be refused. +b. +Requester wants screen and sound resource as much as possible. For example, if screen +resource was available, but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher +priority, then, only screen resource should be assigned to requester. +Page 45 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly +release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release request during system +running. System should raise the requested surface to the top of the display. +The receive request should include the follows in addition to the information of the normal +request. +a. Effective period (Can set unlimited) +System should not raise the other surface above its during effective period. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of display surface +System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources. The screen resources are +sorted of priority that is related to role by system. If display has two or more layers, then all +layers will be superimposed by z-order. +System must provide a mechanism to judge visible surfaces according to vehicle running state. +System must hide the surface that has too much information. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Visible / Invisible +b. Change position +c. Raise +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Surface ID \*Only case of visible. +ii. Display ID \*Only case of visible. +iii. Layer ID \*Only case of visible. +Page 46 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +iv. Position (Coordinate of the upper-left) \*Only case of visible and change position. +v. Size (Length \* Width) \*Only case of visible. +System should provide a mechanism to set the following effect of the surface to other system. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of display surface +4.1.3.2.2 Sound Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the zone definition. Because system uses zone +information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must include as +follows. +a. ID +b. Sound device ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the sound type definition. Because system uses +sound type information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must +include as follows. +a. ID +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive +request during system running. +Page 47 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Role +b. Zone ID +c. Sound type ID +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly +release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release receive request during +system running. +The receive request should include as follows in addition to the information of the normal +request. +a. Effective period (Can set unlimited) +System must assign resource owner as requested. And system must not assign resource owner +by other request on same area during effective period. +System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of output sound +System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources when there are two or more +resources on same sound type on same zone. System judges the providing resource by priority +of resources that is related to role. +\* Boundary of the role between Policy Manager and application. +Page 48 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Figure 7-12: Boundary of role (Case of reverse) +System should provide a mechanism to manage order of the owner request. Because system +should provide a mechanism to hold the request until the request is approved. +For example, if current playing interrupt sound completed, select the next play interrupt sound +from request history based on the priority. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Mute / Unmute +b. Change zone +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Stream ID +ii. Device +In the case of multi-channel speaker, the receive request should include as follows. +iii. Channel ID +Page 49 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System should provide a mechanism to set the below effect of the sound to other system. +a. The effect at the transition +b. The effect of output sound +4.1.3.2.3 Input Resource +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource +owner. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the input device information. Because system uses +input device information with to control input event to other system. The receive information +must include as follows. +a. ID +System must provide a mechanism to receive the event type definition. Because system uses +input device definition with to control input event to other system. The receive definition must +include as follows. +a. ID +b. Related event IDs +(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource +System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource +according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource. +System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive +request during system running. +The receive request must include as follows. +a. Input device ID +Page 50 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +b. Event type ID +System should provide a mechanism to judge whether to accept request according to the +limitation routing rule of policy DB. +(3) GUI Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment. +System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control. +a. Set the routing rule +The receive request must include as follows. +i. Input device ID +ii. Event type ID +The receive request must include either as follows. +iii. The allowed application +iv. The denied application +System should provide a mechanism to set the following information. +a. Application that has active surface +System should notify the touch event from touch panel to user operating application. This +feature is needed because there may be case that privilege application such as Homescreen +changes the active surface. +4.1.3.2.4 System Resources +(1) External Condition Collection +System must provide a mechanism to collect external conditions to be used by Policy Manager +to decide proper system resource. +Page 51 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Policy Manager must detect creation and deletion of process. +To detect creation of process, Policy Manager can assign proper system resource to created +process. +Also, to detect deletion of process, Policy Manager can assign resources of deleted process to +other active processes. +To assign proper system resource to specific process, system must provide a mechanism to +identify process’s role. In other words, Policy Manager must recognize the purpose of each +active process. +Policy Manager must detect current memory consumption periodically. +To detect current memory consumption, Policy Manager can control maximum memory to each +process to prevent memory shortage. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which were +thought as not so important process. +Policy Manager must detect current CPU consumption periodically. +To detect current CPU consumption, Policy Manager can control priority to each process to keep +system performance. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which seem to be in unexpected +busy state. +System must provide a mechanism to notify application status change to Policy Manager. +Application status includes as below. +· GUI resource status, such as foreground or background. +· +Resuming last status or not. When system starts up or log-in user changes, system must +resume last status. In this case, Policy Manager should assign much resource to last +application to resume quickly as much as possible. +(2) System Resource Control +System must provide a mechanism to change assigned system resource per process or process +group according to external conditions. +According to policy based decision, Policy Manager must assign proper system resource to +target process or process group by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. (typically cgroups +Page 52 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +will be used) +System must provide a mechanism to kill process or process group forcibly. +4.1.3.2.5 Resource Management +Resource Management shall consist of three functional components - Resource Manager, Policy +Manager, Connection Manager. +Resource Management shall provide CORBA interfaces to rest of the components in the system. +Each resource request shall be in form a: +AppID, +SourceID, +RequestorZoneID, +NeedAll Flag (to specify if all the resources need to be allocated ), +Required Resource List. +Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Audio Sinks (eg: Cabin +Speakers, HeadPhones) +Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Video Sinks (eg: Display) +Resource Management shall be able to handle Source arbitration (Mic, WavPlayer instances, +Tuners etc.) +Resource Management shall be able to validate all the input parameters for a resource request +from resource requestors. +Resource Management shall be able to keep track of all the available resources. +Use CCF data to identify all the resources that are possible in the system. (static identification) +Page 53 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Use dynamic registration by the resource owners to identify what resources out of the above list +are available at a point of time in the system. (dynamic identification) +Resource Management shall inform about resource availability and unavailability in the system +through status update. +Resource Management shall support stacking/queuing of resource requests. +> Receive the requests from the resource requestors. +> Handle each request in chronological order and check for policy validation through Policy +Manager. +> Add the validated requests into a priority queue. +> Process each request from the top of the queue for establishing the connection. +> If a request is still in the pending queue and the requestor requests to withdraw the request, it +shall be removed from the queue. +Each request for resource shall be handled as an independent request irrespective of any earlier +request by the same requestor. In case of multiple resources requested in a single request, it +shall be treated as a single request and will be processed based on the request parameters. +If the NeedAll flag is set by the requestor, it shall either grant all the requested resources to the +requestor or none of them shall be granted. There shall be no partial allocation of resources. +If the NeedAll flag is not set, it shall be able to do partial allocation of resources i.e. grant +some/all of the resources requested by the requestor. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to a request owner to remove/withdraw an +existing resource request. +Resource Management shall check for every requested resource against a pre-defined set of +policies if the request can be served at this point of time or not. Below is a list of possible inputs +for the policy decision: +> Currently Free or InUse Sink status +> Who is the resource owner of the currently used sink resource (if it is in use) +Page 54 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +> Priority of the new requestor compared to the currently using requestor. +Resource Management shall use the system state as an additional input to make a decision if a +request can currently be serviced or not. Below system states can be taken as input to the +policy decision: +> Based on the speed restriction setting for a specific region, a request can be granted/kept +pending. +> Low Power Mode, Eco Mode, System errors shall also be used to make policy decisions. +At any point of time it shall maintain the following information for each ZONE for use by +resource requestor: +> Zone ID +> Allocated Source Instance +> Allocated Sink Instance +> Mute status +Resource Management shall not consider requirements to achieve a specific feature functionality +(e.g. : Lowering audio volume of rest of the sinks when a phone call is in progress) as an input to +the resource management policy. +Resource Management shall not provide support for requirements to achieve a specific feature +functionality (e.g.: Pausing a pausable source when phone call is in progress). +Resource Management shall maintain priorities for all non-entertainment sources (eg: +AMFM\_TA, PHONE\_NORMAL, NAV\_VG, etc. shall all have priorities). In case two sources have +same priority, the first requestor shall be granted a resource. In case of difference in priorities, +the highest priority resource request shall be the one that is granted the resource. +Resource Management shall maintain same priority for all entertainment sources (eg: MP, DVD, +AMFM\_NORMAL, etc. shall all have the same priority). The last received Entertainment resource +request will be the one that is granted the resource. +A valid (parameter and policy validated) resource request shall never be denied to the requestor. +It shall either be granted or kept as a pending request in the priority queue. +Page 55 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Resource Management shall be responsible for reporting a broken resource status. +It shall be the responsibility of the resource requestor to remove the request from Resource +Manager if the resource is no longer needed. +Resource Management shall assign a sink instance (the specific instance allocated out of all +available instances of the requested sink type for a particular zone) to a resource request, once +the request is granted against the set policy. +Resource Management shall maintain connection state of an already granted connection. +Possible connection states are Active or Passive. +> When a source has the primary (master) control over a sink, the connection state will be +active. +Ex: In normal mode, a driver requesting for AMFM source to Driver HeadPhone Sink connection. +> When a source has the secondary (slave) control over a sink, the connection state will be +passive. +Ex: Driver using the AMFM source, at the same time the rear passenger requesting for same +AMFM source on Rear headphone sink. +Resource Management shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink +connection using the underlying platform support. +Resource Management shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink +connection using the underlying platform support. +Resource Management shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is +removed/released. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute the audio sink when a connection is +re-established and the active source is ready to use the sink for audio routing. +Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink. +Page 56 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Resource Management shall inform the resource requestor when the sink is connected and ready +to be used for audio routing. +Resource requestor needs to inform the Resource Manager when they are ready to start audio +routing. This information shall be used to unmute the allocated sink. +Resource Management shall maintain the system connection table at any point of time. +Connection table contains information regarding which sink is currently allocated to which +source instance. +Resource Management shall support handling of change in behaviour based on Limo setting: +> Share the source between the Rear Seat headphone (Limo mode owner) and Cabin Speakers. +System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks +are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally +1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC. +The number of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter. +Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks. +In case of Foreground sources and Tuner interrupt sources, any sink that is taken away from a +source because of a high-priority interruption, need to be returned back to the previous source +(if the request from the previous source is still valid and it's the next highest priority request). +As part of requirement to improve connection handling efficiency, it shall have exceptions to not +disconnect the active connection while switching between any Tuner Source-Sink Background +connection to another Tuner Interrupt Source with same sink connection. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sources. +Page 57 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall provide the error state information about all resources to the Platform Error State +Manager. +It shall inform the resource requestors in case the request is for an erroneous or faulty sink. +It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data. +It shall support rules/exceptions (Blacklist) that define resource allocation strategy based on +current system scenario. +E.g.: If there is a blacklist rule that says a Speech session shall not be allowed while phone call +is in progress, then even if a FG sink is available, Speech shall be denied resources and kept as a +pending request. +It shall provide an interface to receive Limo mode setting status. +It shall provide an interface to receive status when a rear-user selects to take Cabin control. +It shall use interfaces of early app to receive information if it's already using Audio/Video +resources and update its internal status accordingly. +On any change in input to the Policy Manager (system state) it shall reevaluate all active +connections and reconnect or disconnect if required. +E.g. An Amp gets disconnected, then all active connects have to be disconnected. +Once the Amp gets reconnected, the connection info shall be reevaluated and final set of +connections shall be rebuilt with Amp. +It shall provide CORBA interfaces to the Resource Manager. +Page 58 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink connection using the underlying +platform support. +It shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink connection using the +underlying platform support. +It shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is removed/released. +It shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink. +System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks +are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally +1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC. +The no. of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter. +It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks. +Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks. +It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data. +It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data. +**4.1.4 Sound Manager** +A sound manager is a mechanism in which a sound output demand in two or more zones from +two or more applications is arbitrated, an audio server manages control of a sound output and a +policy manager manages a mediation rule. +Page 59 of 159 + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + | **No.** | **Role** | **Description** + ----------- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ + | 1 | Routing sound streams | To route each sound stream to proper zone(s). + + | 2 | Mixing level control | Mixing two or more sound streams after volume + | + | control of each sound streams. + + | 3 | Sound effect | Provide a capability of sound effect as follows, + | + | · When changing sound stream. E.g. fade-in, + | + | fade-out and cross-fade. + + | 4 | Reduced dependency of | Provide well-defined interface to reduce + | | + | hardware | dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface + | + | also makes it possible to increase the effect of + | + | portability and development cost. + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +A zone is a place in the car divided by the purpose of output power of sound like a driver zone, a +passenger zone, and a rear seat zone. Each zone can play at the same time. Refer to "Sound +resource" of "7.1.1.2 (2) Role" of "7.1 Policy Manager" for the details of a zone. +Applications that play and capture audio via the audio server, applications that control things like +volume and routing via the audio server, and a policy manager that works with the audio server +to implement automatic audio policies. +**4.1.4.1 Use Case** +Please refer “sound resource control” of Policy Manger section. +Table 7-14 describes the role of sound manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +**4.1.4.2 Requirements** +Page 60 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +4.1.4.2.1 Routing Sound Streams +System must provide a mechanism to manage sound “zone”. +Refer to "(2) Sound resource" of "7.3.1.2.2 Role" of "7.3 Policy Manager" for the details of a +zone and how to manage zone. +System must provide a mechanism to manage one or more connected sound devices, and each +channels of each sound device. +One or more sound devices are usually connected to a system, and each sound device consists +of one or more channels. And each channel outputs the sound of a monophonic recording. +For example, as for a stereo sound, a speaker is connected to each of two channels, and it is +arranged at the driver side of a car, and the passenger seat side. If a telephone call is got when +outputting stereo music from both of speakers, only the channel of a driver side needs to lower +musical volume, and needs to mix and output the sound of a telephone (to louder sound than +music). For this reason, the system needs to recognize and control each channel of each sound +device. +The system must determine the route which outputs two or more sound streams to two or more +zones. +Although the output place zone of a sound stream may change dynamically according to the +present state of vehicles and a policy manager makes the decision, sound manager requires the +mechanism in which a route is smoothly changed based on the determination of policy manager. +System must provide a mechanism to manage two or more sound zone as grouped zone. +System must provide a mechanism to do volume control for specific zone. +All the sound outputted to a certain zone is adjusted by the volume of the zone. +System must provide a mechanism to control sound stream. +Control of a sound stream is as follows. +· +Mute/unmute: System must provide a mechanism to do mute or unmute to any sound +stream. +· +Suspend/resume: System must provide a mechanism to suspend or resume to any sound +Page 61 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +stream. +Volume control: System must provide a mechanism to change volume to any sound stream. +4.1.4.2.2 Mixing Level Control +The system must offer the mechanism for arbitrating two or more sound streams outputted to +the same zone according to a policy manager's arbitration. +System must provide a mechanism to do mixing after volume control of each sound streams. +System must provide a mechanism to attenuate sound volume when other sound stream +requested to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to return to the volume before attenuating +the volume of a sound stream when interrupted sound stream was ended. +System must provide a mechanism to mute sound volume when other sound stream requested +to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to unmute sound volume when interrupted +sound stream was ended. +System must provide a mechanism to suspend sound stream playback when other sound stream +requested to play into same sound zone. +In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to resume playback when interrupted sound +stream was ended. +4.1.4.2.3 Sound Effect +When sound stream was changed, system must provide a mechanism to do sound effect. +System must provide typical sound effect such as fade in and fade out. +System must provide a mechanism to add, replace and delete sound effect easily by using plugin +architecture. +Page 62 of 159 + + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + | **No.** | **Input type** | **Associated device** | **Description** + ----------- ------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- + | 1 | Key | Steering switch | Simple key event. + | + | Deliver to application. + + | 2 | Keyboard | Virtual keyboard | Keyboard event. + | + | Deliver to application, then use input + | + | method backend if needed. + + | 3 | Touch | Touch panel | Touch event, such as start, stop and move. + | + | Also supports double click and multi-touch + | + | capability. + | + | Deliver to application. + + | 4 | Sound | Microphone | Sound input. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +4.1.4.2.4 Reduced Dependency of Hardware +Sound Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding sound device and channels +of each device. And the system must enable addition/deletion of a sound device by the means +which does not need rebuild of systems, such as a configuration. +**4.1.5 Input Manager** +The Input Manager provides a capability to deliver input events to the proper application +depending on request from Policy Manager. Policy Manager will decide event target per each +input area. Also, the IVI system may use various car-oriented input devices such as steering +switch. Input manager provides a capability to abstract such kind of input event. +**4.1.5.1 Use Case** +Please refer “input resource control” of Policy Manger section. + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + | **No.** | **Role** | **Description** + ----------- --------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- + | 1 | Abstract device event | Provide capability to abstract from device event to + | + | application readable event name, such as “volume + | + | up” and “right arrow”. + + | 2 | Event delivery | Provide capability to deliver input event to specified + | + | application. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Deliver to application or voice recognition +engine. +Table 7-14 describes the role of input manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases. +**4.1.5.2 Requirements** +**4.1.5.3 Abstract Device Event** +System must provide a mechanism to re-configuration regarding input devices without re-build. +Because, connected input devices may different by car grade, car type, destination and optional +equipment. +**4.1.5.4 Event Delivery** +System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application. +System must provide an interface to apply event delivery rule by using attribute pair “device id” +and “destination application id”. +Device id specifies a logical device name. Logical device name will link to physical device by +UIM.2.1.2. +Page 64 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Also, system must provide a mechanism to change event delivery rule dynamically. +System must provide a mechanism to link between logical device name and physical device. +System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application depending on +delivery rule defined in UIM.2.1.1. +System must provide a mechanism to inhibit any event delivery. +This function makes it possible to restrict input event during driving mode. +**4.1.6 User Manager** +**4.1.6.1 Use Case** +**4.1.6.2 Personal Identification** +User manager provides multi-user environment. A car may be used by two or more people, and a +person may use two or more cars, by using rent-a-car, for example. +**4.1.6.3 User Preference** +Multi-user environment provides same user experience for each user. +Also, multi-user aims seamless personal data sharing not only between cars but also including +other devices such as smartphones and smart TVs. Furthermore, it will include seamless data +sharing from your home and your office. +Identify the person, and log-in to the IVI system as a specified user. Personal identify may be +provided by traditional user name and password pair, smart key or biometrics. +Once a user has logged-in to IVI system, IVI system should provide personalized user +experience. For example, Bob uses English, but Alice uses French. Also, Bob likes rock-music, +*but Alice likes classic-music. In this case, English and rock-music should be selected when B*ob is +Page 65 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +logged-in, and Japanese and classic-music should be selected when Alice is logged-in. +**Figure 7-24 : Provide Logged-in User’s UE (User Experience)** +**4.1.6.4 Rent-a-car and/or Replacing a Car** +When Bob uses a rent-a-car, same preference should be adapted as if he rode his own car. If +Bob’s preference was stored in a cloud, then this can be supported. However, security is +important in this scenario. For example, Bob must not be able to access to other user’s +preference. +**Figure 7-25 : User data sharing between cars** +Page 66 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +**4.1.6.5 Seamless Data Sharing** +Cloud-based user data syncing will enable seamless data sharing between IVI systems and +smart-phones, home networks and accessing from your offices. +**Figure 7-26 : User data sharing over the cars** +**4.1.6.6 Role** +**Error! Reference source not found.** describes the role of the User Manager to satisfy the above +purpose and use cases. +**Table 7-17 : Role of User Manager** +**No.** **Role** **Description** +Page 67 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +1 User identification +Provide a mechanism to identify user, such as user +name and password pair, smart key and biometrics. +Provide a mechanism to log-in to the IVI system as +a specified user. +When a different user logs in, proper user +preference for the user must be applied, and +resume last state of corresponding user. +Also, each application can store application’s data +per user. In such cases, proper user data must be +applied when a different user logs in. +2 User preference +Provide a mechanism to apply user preference of +logged-in user. +User preference includes the following data. +· User interface, such as locale and wall- +paper. +· Resume last application’s status of specified +user. +· Application specific data. +3 User data management +Provide a mechanism to manage cloud based user +data. +The following capabilities are required. +· Download user data of the logged-in user +from the cloud. +· Update cloud data if the user data was +updated by user operation or otherwise. +· Periodically sync-up w/ cloud because user +data may be updated by other devices. +In addition to the above basic capabilities, user data +cache is essential for a car, since a car may not +always have a reliable network connection. +4 Security Because cloud based sharing user data may be +accessed from any place, user data must be +protected from unexpected data access. +Page 68 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +So, IVI system must provide security mechanism +regarding accessing to cloud based user data. +**4.1.6.7 Requirements** +4.1.6.7.1 User Identification +System must provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to enter user name and password, and verify password to +identify logged-in user. +System should provide a mechanism to read smart key attribute to identify logged-in user. For +example, using NFC. +System should provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user by using biometrics. +4.1.6.7.2 User Preference +When a logged-in user is identified, system must apply user preference depending on the +currently logged-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to apply personalized user experience as follows. +- Locale settings +- UX theme +Wall paper +System must provide an easy mechanism to add plugin function and/or attribute of personalized +user experience. +Page 69 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +System must provide a mechanism to switch application data per user, and apply logged-in +user’s application data automatically. +When user is identified and logged-in, the system must apply last status of logged-in user. Last +status refers to the status of the system as the current logged-in user has last logged-out of the +system. Specifically, last status includes the following. +- Foreground applications. That means displayed applications. +Background applications. +When user logs in for the first time, the system must apply user preference for new log-in user. +System must provide a mechanism to apply default preference attributes for new log-in user. +System must provide default preference attributes and HMI to apply for first time log-in user. +4.1.6.7.3 User Data Management +System must provide a mechanism to manage user data. +AGL defines “user data” as a general term which includes all the data necessary to realize user +preference. +User data shall be stored in the cloud. The cloud provides user data not only to IVI systems but +also other systems and/or devices such as smartphones, Home-PCs, business-PCs, HEMS and +home electronics. +System must provide a mechanism to apply user preference and to supply user data to +application by using cloud based user data. +System must provide a mechanism to download cloud based user data and apply it as user data +of the IVI system. +When user data is updated in the IVI system, then the system must upload updated user data to +the cloud. +Also, since other device or system may update shared user data elsewhere, system must provide +Page 70 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +a mechanism to sync with the cloud periodically to keep user data in the IVI system up-to-date. +Because the IVI system is not necessarily connected to a network, the system must provide a +mechanism to cache downloaded user data. +If the IVI system re-connected to a network, system must sync with the cloud as soon as +possible. +4.1.6.7.4 Security +Because user data may include personal information, system must provide a mechanism to +protect user data from risks including but not limited to leakage, tampering and theft. +System must provide a mechanism to protect user data when accessing to the cloud. +- +System must authenticate communication entity. In other words, IVI system must +authenticate cloud server, and cloud server must authenticate client such as IVI system, +smartphone or PC. +- +System must provide a mechanism to encrypt transported data via a network. +- +System must provide a mechanism to transport data via a network with protection +against falsification of data from unauthorized access or illegal access. +- +Cloud server must provide a mechanism to authenticate individual user, and provide +user data only to the authorized user. +Because, two or more user’s user data may be stored in IVI system as a cache, system must +provide a mechanism to protect cache data from other users. The protection of cached data to +include not only the current multi-user environment risk, but also the risk of attacks against +cached data. In other words, only logged-in user’s cache data can be accessed. +4.2 Web HMI +Web based HMI. Contains applications, web runtime environment, and web-based home screen. +**4.2.1 Web API** +Page 71 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +It is discussed that HMI parts of IVI system will be developed using HTML5. APIs to use service +function in IVI system from web applications is needed. Audio Visual API provides APIs for audio +visual equipment control to web applications. (e.g. Media files on storage, CD, DVD, BT-Audio, +Photo, etc.) +Web applications use Audio Visual API to play audio visual contents on IVI system. Use case of +Audio Visual API is shown in Figure 6-1. +**Figure 6-1: Use case of Audio Visual API** +**4.2.1.1 Requirements** +Audio Visual API must provide API to select Audio Visual contents. +· Select content using URL +· +Select content using contents list provided by multimedia subsystem +Page 72 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +Audio Visual API must provide API to playback Audio Visual contents. (Media file on storage, CD, +DVD, BT-Audio, Photo, etc.) +· Play +· Pause +· Fast-forward +· Rewind +· Track up +· Track down +· Select playmode (Repeat/Random) +Audio Visual API must provide API to control a volume. +· Volume up +· Volume down +· Mute +Audio Visual API must provide API for metadata access about Audio Visual contents. +Audio Visual API must provide API for notifications. +· The case that playback state is changed +· The case that Audio Visual contents is add / removed +Audio Visual API must provide API to play AM/FM radio. +· Change the frequency. +· Change the broadcasting stations. +· Receive the list of broadcasting stations. +· Select the preset channel. +· Get the information of the broadcasting station. +Audio Visual API must provide API to play digital radio. +· Store the broadcast program information. +Page 73 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +· Get the broadcast program information. +· Get the play time. +· Play the radio broadcast cached. +AGL System must support a web API to access Vehicle information. +AGL System must support web API to control STT/TTS daemon. +AGL System must support web API to control navi engine. +AGL System needs to provide a Web API to allow peer to peer communication between two web +apps. +AGL System needs to provide an API to allow peer to peer communication between a web app +and a native app. +AGL System must support access control over app to app communications. Service provider +should be able to restrict subscriber. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 DOM, Forms and Styles. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Device APIs: Touch Events, Device Orientation, +Network Information +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Graphics APIs: canvas, canvas 2D context, and SVG +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Media: audio and video tags, user media and web audio +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Communication APIs: websocket, web messaging, +server sent events, session history of browsing context +*AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Storage APIs: Web storage, File, Database, Web S*QL +Page 74 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Security APIs: Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, HTML5 +The iframe element, Content Security Policy 1.0. +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 UI APIs: Clipboard, DnD, Web Notifications +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Performance APIs: Web workers, Page Visibility, Timing +control, Navigation timing +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Location API: Geolocation +AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Widget: Widget Packaging and XML Configuration, +Widget Interface, XML Digital Signatures for Widgets, Widget Access Request Policy +AGL System must support Khronos WebGL API. +**4.2.2 Web Runtime** +The Web Runtime module contains the bindings for the Web Application Framework to access +the AGL Application Framework and Services. +**4.2.2.1 Requirements** +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide full web application lifecycle management (e.g., +installation/removal). +AGL System Web Runtime shall provide full execution environment for web apps (i.e., launch, +view generation, rendering, etc.) +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to implement plugins/extensions to add +better device/platform integration. +Page 75 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to manage apps' access control and also to +categorize apps with different privileges. +System must provide high level GUI components for Web application. +At least, below components are required. +· Text labels +· Button +· Radio button +· Check box +· Tab panel +· Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation) +· Slider +· Accordion list +· Anchor +· Text input form +· Dropdown list box +· Date picker +4.3 Native HMI +The Native HMI provides an application framework for those applications that are not written +using Javascript or other web technologies. +**4.3.1 Native App Runtime** +The Native Runtime module contains the bindings for the Native Application Framework to +access the AGL Application Framework and Services. +**4.3.1.1 Requirements** +System must provide high level GUI components for native application. +Page 76 of 159 +Automotive Grade Linux Requirements Spec v1.0 +May 28, 2015 +At least, below components are required. +· Text labels +· Button +· Radio button +· Check box +· Tab panel +· Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation) +· Slider +· Accordion list +· Anchor +· Text input form +· Dropdown list box +· Date picker +**4.3.2 Native Application Framework** +The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of which may be built into an +SDK or product build. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/doors-export/d89e7c5f-5b27-4b36-92bd-fab525f5d0ca.htm b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/doors-export/d89e7c5f-5b27-4b36-92bd-fab525f5d0ca.htm new file mode 100755 index 0000000..70dfae8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/doors-export/d89e7c5f-5b27-4b36-92bd-fab525f5d0ca.htm @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html" charset="UTF-8"></meta><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="d89e7c5f-5b27-4b36-92bd-fab525f5d0ca.css"></link><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="url_1e0228b9-c588-4778-b1fa-e4310852f526.tmp.css"></link><script src="tree/listTree.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tree/listTree.css"></link></head><body><p class="paragraph_class21 Title"><span class="text_class22"><span>AGL Requirements Spec</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class23 SubTitle"><span class="text_class24"><span>Project</span></span><span class="text_class25"><span> </span></span><span class="text_class26"><span>AGL Project</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class23 SubTitle"><span class="text_class27"><span>Printed by</span></span><span class="text_class28"><span> </span></span><span class="text_class29"><span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class23 SubTitle"><span class="text_class30"><span> July 7, 2016, 10:18:17 AM EDT</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class23 SubTitle"><span class="text_class31"><span>.......................................................................................................................</span></span></p><span class="text_class32 TableOfContents"><span>Table of Contents</span></span><ul style="list-style-type: none" class="collapsibleList"><li level="1"><span></span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#1"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>1 Automotive Grade Linux</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#2"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>1.1 Overview</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#3"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>1.2 Document Scope</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#4"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>1.3 Glossary of Terms</a></li><li level="1"><span></span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#5"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>2 Architecture</a></li><li level="1"><span></span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#6"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3 App/HMI Layer</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#7"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1 Home Screen</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#8"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.1 Layout</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#9"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.2 System UI Parts</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#10"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.3 Application Management</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#11"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.4 Application Switch</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#12"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.5 Application History</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#13"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.6 Application Stack</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#14"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.7 Role of Home Screen</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#15"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.8 Requirements</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#16"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.8.1 Layout</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#17"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.8.2 System UI Parts</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#18"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.8.3 Application Management</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#19"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>3.1.8.4 Application Switch</a></li><li level="1"><span></span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#20"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4 Application Framework Layer</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#21"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1 AGL Application Framework</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#22"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.1 Application Manager</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#23"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.1.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#24"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2 Window Manager</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#25"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2.1 Use Case</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#26"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2.2 Role</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#27"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2.3 Requirements</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#28"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2.3.1 Window Drawing</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#29"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2.3.2 Overlay of Multiple Windows</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#30"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2.3.3 Visual Affect</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#31"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2.3.4 Frame Rate Control</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#32"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2.3.5 Multiple Hardware Layer Support</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#33"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2.3.6 Reduced Dependency of Hardware</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#34"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2.3.7 Multi Window</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#35"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.2.3.8 Compatibility</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#36"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.3 Policy Manager</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#37"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.3.1 Overview</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#38"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.3.1.1 Purpose</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#39"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.3.1.2 GUI Resources</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#40"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.3.1.3 System Resources</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#41"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.3.2 Requirements</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#42"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.3.2.1 Screen Resource</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#43"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.3.2.2 Sound Resource</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#44"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.3.2.3 Input Resource</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#45"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.3.2.4 System Resources</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#46"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.3.2.5 Resource Management</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#47"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.4 Sound Manager</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#48"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.4.1 Use Case</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#49"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.4.2 Requirements</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#50"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.4.2.1 Routing Sound Streams</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#51"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.4.2.2 Mixing Level Control</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#52"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.4.2.3 Sound Effect</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#53"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.4.2.4 Reduced Dependency of Hardware</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#54"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.5 Input Manager</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#55"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.5.1 Use Case</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#56"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.5.2 Requirements</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#57"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.5.3 Abstract Device Event</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#58"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.5.4 Event Delivery</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#59"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6 User Manager</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#60"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6.1 Use Case</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#61"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6.2 Personal Identification</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#62"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6.3 User Preference</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#63"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6.4 Rent-a-car and/or Replacing a Car</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#64"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6.5 Seamless Data Sharing</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#65"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6.6 Role</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#66"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6.7 Requirements</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#67"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6.7.1 User Identification</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#68"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6.7.2 User Preference</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#69"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6.7.3 User Data Management</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#70"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.1.6.7.4 Security</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#71"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.2 Web HMI</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#72"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.2.1 Web API</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#73"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.2.1.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#74"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.2.2 Web Runtime</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#75"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.2.2.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#76"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.3 Native HMI</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#77"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.3.1 Native App Runtime</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#78"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.3.1.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#79"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>4.3.2 Native Application Framework</a></li><li level="1"><span></span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#80"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5 Services Layer</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#81"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1 Platform Services</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#82"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1 Bluetooth</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#83"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#84"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.1 Hands Free Profile</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#85"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.2 Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP)</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#86"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.3 Phone Book Access Profile</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#87"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.4 Dial Up Networking (DUN) Profile</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#88"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.5 Object Push Profile (OPP)</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#89"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.6 Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP)</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#90"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.7 Message Access Profile</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#91"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.8 Serial Port Profile (SPP)</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#92"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.9 Personal Area Network (PAN) Profile</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#93"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.10 Service Discovery Profile (SDP)</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#94"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.11 Device Information Profile</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#95"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.12 Bluetooth Smart Ready</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#96"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.13 Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP)</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#97"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.14 Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile </a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#98"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.1.1.15 Bluetooth Diagnostics</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#99"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.2 Error Management</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#100"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.2.1 Use Cases</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#101"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.2.1.1 System Surveillance and Recovery</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#102"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.2.1.2 Collecting Information</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#103"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.2.2 Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#104"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.3 Graphics</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#105"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.4 Location Services</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#106"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.4.1 Position</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#107"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.4.2 Time of Day</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#108"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.4.3 Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#109"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.5 Health Monitoring</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#110"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.6 IPC</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#111"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.7 Lifecycle Management</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#112"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.8 Network Services</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#113"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.9 Persistent Storage</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#114"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.10 Power Management</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#115"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.10.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#116"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.11 Resource Management</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#117"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.12 Telephony Services</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#118"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.12.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#119"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.12.1.1 Telephony variants</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#120"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13 Wi-Fi</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#121"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.1 Use Cases</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#122"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.1.1 Construct WiFi Network</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#123"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>a. STA</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#124"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>b. AP</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#125"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>c. P2P</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#126"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.1.2 Miracast</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#127"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>a. Shared Displayed Content</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#128"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>b. Remote Operation</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#129"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.1.3 DLNA</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#130"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.2 Requirements</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#131"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.2.1 Security</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#132"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.2.2 Simple Configuration</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#133"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.2.3 QoS</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#134"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.2.4 STA</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#135"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.2.5 AP</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#136"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.2.6 WiFi Direct</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#137"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.2.7 Miracast</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#138"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.2.8 WiFi Hotspot</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#139"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.13.2.9 DLNA via WiFi</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#140"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.1.14 Window System</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#141"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2 Automotive Services</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#142"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.1 Audio Services</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#143"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.2 Camera Services</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#144"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.3 Configuration Services</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#145"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.4 Diagnostic Services</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#146"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.5 Multimedia Services</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#147"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.5.1 Media Player</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#148"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.5.2 Requirements</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#149"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.5.2.1 Media Containers</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#150"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.5.2.2 Media Audio Codecs</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#151"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.5.2.3 Media Video Codecs</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#152"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.5.2.4 Image File Formats</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#153"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.6 Navigation Services</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#154"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.7 PIM</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#155"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.8 Smartphone Link</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#156"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.8.1 Miracast</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#157"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.8.2 Smart Device Link</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#158"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.8.3 Requirements</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#159"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.8.3.1 Miracast</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#160"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.8.3.2 Smart Device Link</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#161"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.9 Speech Services</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#162"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.10 Tuner Services</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#163"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.10.1 Receivers</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#164"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.10.1.1 HD Radio</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#165"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.10.1.2 Database Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#166"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.11 Vehicle Bus / Vehicle Info Control</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#167"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.11.1 Vehicle Data Processing</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#168"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>(1) Abstraction of Vehicles Data</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#169"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>(2) Maintenance of Vehicles Data</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#170"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>(3) Application / Middleware Interface (API)</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#171"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>(4) Vehicles Interface</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#172"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.11.2 Communications between ECUs</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#173"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.11.3 Vehicle Data Upload</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#174"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.11.4 Simulator</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#175"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.11.5 Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#176"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.12 Telematics Services</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#177"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>5.2.13 Window System</a></li><li level="1"><span></span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#178"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>6 Security Services</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#179"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>6.1 Access Control</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#180"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>6.1.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="1"><span></span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#181"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7 Operating System Layer</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#182"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.1 Kernel</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#183"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.1.1 Linux Kernel</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#184"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.1.1.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#185"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.2 Boot Loader</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#186"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.3 Hypervisor</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#187"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.3.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#188"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4 Operating System</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#189"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.1 File Systems</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#190"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.1.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#191"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.2 Resource Control</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#192"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.2.1 Use Case and Role</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#193"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.2.2 Requirements</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#194"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.2.2.1 Priority</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#195"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.2.2.2 Time Slot</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#196"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.2.2.3 Release</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#197"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.2.2.4 Grouping</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#198"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.3 Startup/Shutdown Control</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#199"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.3.1 Use Cases</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#200"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>(1) Static Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#201"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>a. Setting up of Boot/Shutdown Order Based on Product Configuration</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#202"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>b. Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown during a Program Development</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#203"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>c. Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown when Software Update</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#204"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>(2) Dynamic Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#205"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>a. Prioritized Boot of the Features which the User was Previously Using</a></li><li level="5"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#206"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>b. Prioritized Boot of Update Functionalities</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#207"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.3.2 Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#208"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.4 Database</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#209"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.4.5 System Update</a></li><li level="2"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#210"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.5 Device Drivers</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#211"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.5.1 Peripherals</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#212"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.5.2 Graphics Drivers</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#213"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.5.3 Video Drivers</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#214"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.5.3.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#215"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.5.4 Audio Codecs</a></li><li level="4"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#216"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.5.4.1 Requirements</a></li><li level="3"><span> </span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#217"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>7.5.5 Automotive Devices</a></li><li level="1"><span></span><a class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f" href="#218"><span class="table_of_contents2c9377fb-ce44-48bb-ab81-2b2ad4709e9f"> </span>8 Notices</a></li></ul><span class="text_class33"><a name="1"><h1 class="paragraph_class34 1"><span>1 Automotive Grade Linux</span></h1></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class36"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="2"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span>1.1 Overview</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class38"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class39"><span class="text_class40"><span class="text_class41">Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) is a </span><a class="hyperlink_class42 Hyperlink" href="http://www.linuxfoundation.org/">Linux Foundation</a><span class="text_class41"> Workgroup dedicated to creating open source software solutions for automotive applications. Although the initial target for AGL is In-Vehicle-Infotainment (IVI) systems, additional use cases such as instrument clusters and and telematics systems will eventually be supported. AGL has </span><a class="hyperlink_class43 Hyperlink" href="https://www.automotivelinux.org/about/members">participants</a><span class="text_class41"> from the Automotive, Communications, and Semiconductor Industries and welcomes contributions from individual developers.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class44"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class45"><span class="text_class46"><span class="text_class41">By leveraging the over </span><a class="hyperlink_class47 Hyperlink" href="https://www.linuxfoundation.org/sites/main/files/publications/estimatinglinux.html">$10B of investment made in the Linux kernel</a><span class="text_class41"> and other open source software projects, the AGL Workgroup:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class50"><span class="text_class41">Enables rapid software innovation for automotive suppliers to keep up with the demand from consumers for better IVI experiences</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class51"><span class="text_class41">Utilizes the talents of thousands of open source software developers dedicated to maintaining the core software in areas like the Linux kernel, networking, and connectivity, used in systems across numerous industries</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class52"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class53"><span class="text_class54"><span class="text_class41">The goals of the Automotive Grade Linux Workgroup are to provide:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class55"><span class="text_class41">An automotive-focused core Linux operating system stack that meets common and shared requirements of the automotive ecosystem with a broad community of support that includes individual developers, academic organizations and companies.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class56"><span class="text_class41">A transparent, collaborative, and open environment for Automotive OEMs, Tier One suppliers, and their semiconductor and software vendors to create amazing in-vehicle software.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class57"><span class="text_class41">A collective voice for working with other open source projects and developing new open source solutions.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class58"><span class="text_class41">An embedded Linux distribution that enables rapid prototyping for developers new to Linux or teams with prior open source experience</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class59"><span class="text_class60"><span class="text_class41">This results in faster time to market by jump-starting product teams with reference applications running on multiple hardware platforms.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class61"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="3"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">1.2 Document Scope</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class62"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class63"><span class="text_class64"><span class="text_class41">The scope of this document is to </span></span><span class="text_class65"><span class="text_class41">define the architecture of the Automotive Grade Linux software platform. </span></span><span class="text_class66"><span class="text_class41">The requirements are broken up into an overview of the Architecture and a description of each of the layers in the architecture followed by the requirements for each module in the various layers. The Architecture Diagram and the layout of the specification take into consideration all of the components that would be needed for an IVI system; however the are missing requirements for individual modules. As the spec continues to evolve those sections will continue to be filled in.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class67"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class68"><span class="text_class69"><span class="text_class41">The main goal of this document is to define the core software platform from which applications can be built. As such, this document does not define application requirements except in a single case (Home Screen). Application requirements will be developed by various projects that use the AGL platform. Those application requirements can be used to drive new or revised requirements into the platform. </span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class70"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class71"><span class="text_class72"><span class="text_class41">At this time there is no plan to use this specification to create a compliance or certification program. The </span></span><span class="text_class73"><span class="text_class41">specification is used as blueprint to guide the overall work of AGL and to derive work packages for companies and individuals to complete in order to attain the goals of the AGL Workgroup. </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class74"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="4"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">1.3 Glossary of Terms</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class75"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class76"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class77"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class79"><span class="text_class81"><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class82"><span class="text_class83"><span class="text_class41">Term</span></span></span></span></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class84"><span class="text_class86"><span class="text_class87"><span class="text_class41"> Definition</span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class89"><span class="text_class90"><span class="text_class41">A2DP</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class92"><span class="text_class93"><span class="text_class41">Advanced Audio Distribution Profile </span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class94"><span class="text_class95"><span class="text_class41">AGL</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class96"><span class="text_class97"><span class="text_class41">Automotive Grade Linux</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class98"><span class="text_class99"><span class="text_class41">AVRCP</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class100"><span class="text_class101"><span class="text_class41">Audio Video Remote Control Profile</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class102"><span class="text_class103"><span class="text_class41">FS</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class104"><span class="text_class105"><span class="text_class41">File System</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class106"><span class="text_class107"><span class="text_class41">GPS</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class108"><span class="text_class109"><span class="text_class41">Global Positioning System</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class110"><span class="text_class111"><span class="text_class41">GPU</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class112"><span class="text_class113"><span class="text_class41">Graphical Processing Unit</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class114"><span class="text_class115"><span class="text_class41">HFP</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class116"><span class="text_class117"><span class="text_class41">Hands Free Profile</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class118"><span class="text_class119"><span class="text_class41">IBOC</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class120"><span class="text_class121"><span class="text_class41">In-Band On Channel</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class122"><span class="text_class123"><span class="text_class41">LTSI</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class124"><span class="text_class125"><span class="text_class41">Long Term Support Initiative</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class126"><span class="text_class127"><span class="text_class41">NTP</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class128"><span class="text_class129"><span class="text_class41">Network Time Protocol</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class130"><span class="text_class131"><span class="text_class41">OEM</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class132"><span class="text_class133"><span class="text_class41">Original Equipment Manufacturer</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class134"><span class="text_class135"><span class="text_class41">OS</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class136"><span class="text_class137"><span class="text_class41">Operating System</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class138"><span class="text_class139"><span class="text_class41">OSS</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class140"><span class="text_class141"><span class="text_class41">Open Source Software</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class142"><span class="text_class143"><span class="text_class41">SDL</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class144"><span class="text_class145"><span class="text_class41">Smart Device Link</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class146"><span class="text_class147"><span class="text_class41">STT</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class148"><span class="text_class149"><span class="text_class41">Speech to Text</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class80 cell_class88"><p class="paragraph_class150"><span class="text_class151"><span class="text_class41">TTS</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class77DeffCell cell_class85 cell_class91"><p class="paragraph_class152"><span class="text_class153"><span class="text_class41">Text to Speech</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class154"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="5"><h1 class="paragraph_class34 1"><span class="text_class41">2 Architecture</span></h1></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class155"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class156"><span class="text_class157"><span class="text_class41">The Automotive Grade Linux Software Architecture diagram is below. The architecture consists of five layers. The App/HMI layer contains applications with their associated business logic and HMI. Generally applications are out of scope for this document since they are product specific for the OEM that is developing a system based on AGL.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class158"><span class="text_class159"><span class="text_class41">The Application Framework layer provides the APIs for creating both managing and running applications on an AGL system. The Services layer contains user space services that all applications can access. The Operating System (OS) layer provides the Linux kernel and device drivers along with standard OS utilities.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class160"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class161"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/037f2fd7-4b46-4052-ab2c-bdbf0ec453cc_url_58ac1014-4881-4473-a501-7c65f72b887f.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class163"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="6"><h1 class="paragraph_class34 1"><span class="text_class41">3 App/HMI Layer</span></h1></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class164"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class165"><span class="text_class166"><span class="text_class41">Applications may use a web based framework or a native framework. A system may include applications that use different frameworks. Coordination of applications between frameworks is performed by the AGL App Framework. The diagram represents possible applications that could appear in a given system, but is not all inclusive. Reference applications may be provided by AGL to demonstrate the capabilities of the platform.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class167"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="7"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">3.1 Home Screen</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class168"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class169"><span class="text_class170"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen provides the Home User Interface (Home UI) of the system which meets the following requirements:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class171"><span class="text_class41">Rich User Experience (Rich UX)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class172"><span class="text_class41">Driver Distraction mitigation</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class173"><span class="text_class41">Variations support</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class174"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class175"><span class="text_class176"><span class="text_class41">Rich UX covers requirements such as usability and user satisfaction. Driver Distraction mitigation covers requirements on display control and user operation behavior while vehicle is in motion to minimize driver distraction. Variations support covers requirements to support customization of design and behavior of the system to meet the different needs of vehicle type, destination and grade.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class177"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="8"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">3.1.1 Layout</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class179"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class180"><span class="text_class181"><span class="text_class41">The following use cases are considered for Layout.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class182"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen developer changes the Home UI by using a customizable layout definition.</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class183"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class184"><img class="image_class162" src="img/10ab2b86-3b44-43b0-bd57-465df06c3be2_url_3366d14a-d26c-41ce-9756-24096b8a067c.tmp"></img></p><p class="paragraph_class185"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class186"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="9"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">3.1.2 System UI Parts</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class187"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class188"><span class="text_class189"><span class="text_class41">The use case assumed about System UI Parts is as follows.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class190"><span class="text_class41">An application or System uses status bar and on-screen in order to notify information to a user.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class191"><span class="text_class41">User uses the system setting UI in order to change settings.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class192"><span class="text_class41">User uses software keyboard in order to input characters.</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class193"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="10"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">3.1.3 Application Management</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class194"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class195"><span class="text_class196"><span class="text_class41">The use case assumed about Application Management is as follows.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class197"><span class="text_class41">A user downloads and installs or updates the delivery application from application store.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class198"><span class="text_class41">A user uninstalls the delivery application.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class199"><span class="text_class41">A user launches the installed delivery application or the pre-installed application.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class200"><span class="text_class41">Also a user terminates those applications.</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class201"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="11"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">3.1.4 Application Switch</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class202"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class203"><span class="text_class204"><span class="text_class41">The use case assumed about Application Switch is as follows.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class205"><span class="text_class41">User switches application via application history or application stack.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class206"><span class="text_class41">The system switches application according to Driving Mode status.</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class207"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="12"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">3.1.5 Application History</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class208"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class209"><span class="text_class210"><span class="text_class41">Application switching by application history is assumed as follows.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class211"><span class="text_class41">The system records the order of the applications in the order in which the application is displayed.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class212"><span class="text_class41">The order of application that is recorded is updated each time the display of the application is switched.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class213"><span class="text_class41">Screen of the application is displayed in the order in which they are recorded in the history at the time of switching applications.</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class214"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class215"><span class="text_class216"><span class="text_class41">・ Specification of operation</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class217"><span class="text_class218"><span class="text_class41">- User runs a swipe from the edge of the application screen area.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class219"><span class="text_class220"><span class="text_class41">・ Specification of action</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class221"><span class="text_class222"><span class="text_class41">- The order of the screen is managed order management list (application history).</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class223"><span class="text_class224"><span class="text_class41">- List order update opportunity(Update has determined a display of the application)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class225"><span class="text_class226"><span class="text_class41">- Application starts or stops.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class227"><span class="text_class228"><span class="text_class41">- Allowed to stand between the screen N seconds after the swipe.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class229"><span class="text_class230"><span class="text_class41">※"N seconds"：User defines the value of any.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class231"><span class="text_class232"><span class="text_class41">- User to operate the screen after you swipe.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class233"><span class="text_class234"><span class="text_class41">※"operation"：Screen tap. Menu display. Other.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class235"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class236"><span class="text_class237"><span class="text_class41">Figure 5‑2 represents a sample Home Screen depicting the above mentioned use cases.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class238"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/78679f0a-370c-4808-a87a-34352eb95c3a_url_a0771926-8335-462c-9389-cd7a03275ae3.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class239"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="13"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">3.1.6 Application Stack</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class240"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class241"><span class="text_class242"><span class="text_class41">Application switching by application stack is assumed as follows.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class243"><span class="text_class41">The user specifies the type of any order. The system records the order of the application to the rule as of the specified type.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class244"><span class="text_class41">Examples of the types of any order</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class245"><span class="text_class41">Application start-up order</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class246"><span class="text_class41">Screen of the application is displayed in the order in which they are recorded in the stack when switching applications.</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class247"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class248"><span class="text_class249"><span class="text_class41">・ Specification of operation</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class250"><span class="text_class41">User runs a swipe from the edge of the application screen area.</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class251"><span class="text_class252"><span class="text_class41">・ Specification of action</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class253"><span class="text_class41">The order of the screen is managed order management list (application stack).</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class254"><span class="text_class41">List order update opportunity.(Application start-up order as an example)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class255"><span class="text_class41">Application that started at the end of the list when the application is started is added.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class256"><span class="text_class41">Application that has stopped from the list when the application is stopped will be deleted.</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class257"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class258"><span class="text_class259"><span class="text_class41">Figure 5-3 represents the switching example depicting the application of the above switching.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class260"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/d1efc9d4-b3d6-4afe-bea8-8c373cd05776_url_8c9527fd-8165-4b4f-9599-722b52abd35b.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class261"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="14"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">3.1.7 Role of Home Screen</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class262"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class263"><span class="text_class264"><span class="text_class41">Table 5-1 describes the role of the Home Screen to satisfy the purpose and use cases mentioned above.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class265"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class267"><p class="paragraph_class269"><span class="text_class270"><span class="text_class271"><span class="text_class41">No</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class272"><p class="paragraph_class274"><span class="text_class275"><span class="text_class276"><span class="text_class41">Use Case</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class277"><p class="paragraph_class279"><span class="text_class280"><span class="text_class281"><span class="text_class41">Role</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class283 cell_class282"><p class="paragraph_class284"><span class="text_class285"><span class="text_class286"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class287"><p class="paragraph_class288"><span class="text_class289"><span class="text_class41">1-1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class290" rowspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class291"><span class="text_class292"><span class="text_class41">Layout</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class293"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class294"><p class="paragraph_class295"><span class="text_class296"><span class="text_class41">GUI Layout </span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class297"><span class="text_class298"><span class="text_class41">definition</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class283 cell_class299"><p class="paragraph_class300"><span class="text_class301"><span class="text_class41">Function to define a customizable GUI Layout definition.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class287"><p class="paragraph_class302"><span class="text_class303"><span class="text_class41">1-2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class294"><p class="paragraph_class304"><span class="text_class305"><span class="text_class41">Change Layout</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class299"><p class="paragraph_class306"><span class="text_class307"><span class="text_class41">Function to apply the customized GUI layout definition.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class287"><p class="paragraph_class308"><span class="text_class309"><span class="text_class41">2-1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class310" rowspan="4"><p class="paragraph_class311"><span class="text_class312"><span class="text_class41">System UI Parts</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class313"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class294"><p class="paragraph_class314"><span class="text_class315"><span class="text_class41">Status Bar</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class283 cell_class299"><p class="paragraph_class316"><span class="text_class317"><span class="text_class41">Function to display the information from application or system.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class318"><span class="text_class319"><span class="text_class41">Function to quickly access and set certain system settings.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class287"><p class="paragraph_class320"><span class="text_class321"><span class="text_class41">2-2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class294"><p class="paragraph_class322"><span class="text_class323"><span class="text_class41">On-screen</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class299"><p class="paragraph_class324"><span class="text_class325"><span class="text_class41">Function to display a popup window such as alert messages.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class287"><p class="paragraph_class326"><span class="text_class327"><span class="text_class41">2-3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class294"><p class="paragraph_class328"><span class="text_class329"><span class="text_class41">System Setting</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class299"><p class="paragraph_class330"><span class="text_class331"><span class="text_class41">Function to display system settings menu regarding GUI, such as locale and network.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class287"><p class="paragraph_class332"><span class="text_class333"><span class="text_class41">2-4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class294"><p class="paragraph_class334"><span class="text_class335"><span class="text_class41">Software Keyboard</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class299"><p class="paragraph_class336"><span class="text_class337"><span class="text_class41">Function to display software keyboard.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class287"><p class="paragraph_class338"><span class="text_class339"><span class="text_class41">3-1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class290" rowspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class340"><span class="text_class341"><span class="text_class41">Application</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class342"><span class="text_class343"><span class="text_class41">Management</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class344"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class294"><p class="paragraph_class345"><span class="text_class346"><span class="text_class41">Application</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class347"><span class="text_class348"><span class="text_class41">Management</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class283 cell_class299"><p class="paragraph_class349"><span class="text_class350"><span class="text_class41">Function to download applications from application store. Function to install, uninstall and update the downloaded applications.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class287"><p class="paragraph_class351"><span class="text_class352"><span class="text_class41">3-2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class294"><p class="paragraph_class353"><span class="text_class354"><span class="text_class41">Application Launcher</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class299"><p class="paragraph_class355"><span class="text_class356"><span class="text_class41">Function to launch/terminate applications.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class287"><p class="paragraph_class357"><span class="text_class358"><span class="text_class41">4-1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class359" rowspan="3"><p class="paragraph_class360"><span class="text_class361"><span class="text_class41">Application</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class362"><span class="text_class363"><span class="text_class41">Switch</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class364"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class294"><p class="paragraph_class365"><span class="text_class366"><span class="text_class41">Application List</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class283 cell_class299"><p class="paragraph_class367"><span class="text_class368"><span class="text_class41">Function to switch applications by installed application list.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class287"><p class="paragraph_class369"><span class="text_class370"><span class="text_class41">4-2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class294"><p class="paragraph_class371"><span class="text_class372"><span class="text_class41">Application History</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class299"><p class="paragraph_class373"><span class="text_class374"><span class="text_class41">Function which switches application in order by applications history.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class268 cell_class287"><p class="paragraph_class375"><span class="text_class376"><span class="text_class41">4-3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class273 cell_class294"><p class="paragraph_class377"><span class="text_class378"><span class="text_class41">Application Stack</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class278 cell_class299"><p class="paragraph_class379"><span class="text_class380"><span class="text_class41">Function to switch application in any order.</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class381"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class382"><span class="text_class383"><span class="text_class384"><span class="text_class41">Table 5-2: Relevance of the Role and Purpose</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class385"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class386"><p class="paragraph_class388"><span class="text_class389"><span class="text_class390"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class391"><p class="paragraph_class393"><span class="text_class394"><span class="text_class395"><span class="text_class41">Role</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class396"><p class="paragraph_class398"><span class="text_class399"><span class="text_class400"><span class="text_class41">Rich UX</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class396"><p class="paragraph_class402"><span class="text_class403"><span class="text_class404"><span class="text_class41">Driver Distraction mitigation</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class396"><p class="paragraph_class406"><span class="text_class407"><span class="text_class408"><span class="text_class41">Variations support</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class409"><p class="paragraph_class410"><span class="text_class411"><span class="text_class41">1-1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class412"><p class="paragraph_class413"><span class="text_class414"><span class="text_class41">GUI Layout definition</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class416"><span class="text_class417"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class418"><span class="text_class419"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class420"><span class="text_class421"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class409"><p class="paragraph_class422"><span class="text_class423"><span class="text_class41">1-2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class412"><p class="paragraph_class424"><span class="text_class425"><span class="text_class41">Change Layout</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class426"><span class="text_class427"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class428"><span class="text_class429"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class430"><span class="text_class431"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class409"><p class="paragraph_class432"><span class="text_class433"><span class="text_class41">2-1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class412"><p class="paragraph_class434"><span class="text_class435"><span class="text_class41">Status Bar</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class436"><span class="text_class437"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class438"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class439"><span class="text_class440"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class409"><p class="paragraph_class441"><span class="text_class442"><span class="text_class41">2-2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class412"><p class="paragraph_class443"><span class="text_class444"><span class="text_class41">On-screen</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class445"><span class="text_class446"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class447"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class448"><span class="text_class449"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class409"><p class="paragraph_class450"><span class="text_class451"><span class="text_class41">2-3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class412"><p class="paragraph_class452"><span class="text_class453"><span class="text_class41">System Setting</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class454"><span class="text_class455"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class456"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class457"><span class="text_class458"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class409"><p class="paragraph_class459"><span class="text_class460"><span class="text_class41">2-4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class412"><p class="paragraph_class461"><span class="text_class462"><span class="text_class41">Software Keyboard</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class463"><span class="text_class464"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class465"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class466"><span class="text_class467"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class409"><p class="paragraph_class468"><span class="text_class469"><span class="text_class41">3-1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class412"><p class="paragraph_class470"><span class="text_class471"><span class="text_class41">Application Management</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class472"><span class="text_class473"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class474"><span class="text_class475"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class476"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class409"><p class="paragraph_class477"><span class="text_class478"><span class="text_class41">3-2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class412"><p class="paragraph_class479"><span class="text_class480"><span class="text_class41">Application Launcher</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class481"><span class="text_class482"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class483"><span class="text_class484"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class485"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class409"><p class="paragraph_class486"><span class="text_class487"><span class="text_class41">4-1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class412"><p class="paragraph_class488"><span class="text_class489"><span class="text_class41">Application List</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class490"><span class="text_class491"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class492"><span class="text_class493"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class494"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class409"><p class="paragraph_class495"><span class="text_class496"><span class="text_class41">4-2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class412"><p class="paragraph_class497"><span class="text_class498"><span class="text_class41">Application History</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class499"><span class="text_class500"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class501"><span class="text_class502"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class503"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class387 cell_class409"><p class="paragraph_class504"><span class="text_class505"><span class="text_class41">4-3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class392 cell_class412"><p class="paragraph_class506"><span class="text_class507"><span class="text_class41">Application Stack</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class397 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class508"><span class="text_class509"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class401 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class510"><span class="text_class511"><span class="text_class41">✓</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class405 cell_class415"><p class="paragraph_class512"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class513"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="15"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">3.1.8 Requirements</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class514"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="16"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">3.1.8.1 Layout</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class516"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class517"><span class="text_class518"><span class="text_class519"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism for customizable GUI layout definition by each vehicle type, each destination and each grade.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class520"><span class="text_class521"><span class="text_class522"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism for a customizable GUI layout definition for different vehicle type, destination and grade.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class523"><span class="text_class524"><span class="text_class525"><span class="text_class41">GUI</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class526"><span class="text_class527"><span class="text_class41">layout definition</span></span></span><span class="text_class528"><span class="text_class529"><span class="text_class41">can be</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class530"><span class="text_class531"><span class="text_class41">defined</span></span></span><span class="text_class532"><span class="text_class533"><span class="text_class41">such as</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class534"><span class="text_class535"><span class="text_class41">the following items:</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class536"><span class="text_class537"><span class="text_class538"><span class="text_class41">(In addition, items that can be defined is not limited to the following.)</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class539"><span class="text_class540"><span class="text_class41">screen resource (Display, Layer Type, Area)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class541"><span class="text_class542"><span class="text_class41">sound resource (Zone, Sound Type)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class543"><span class="text_class544"><span class="text_class41">input resource (Device, Event Type)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class545"><span class="text_class546"><span class="text_class41">UI Component to be used in the entire system</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class547"><span class="text_class548"><span class="text_class41">transition effect (Animation effect)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class549"><span class="text_class550"><span class="text_class551"><span class="text_class552"><span class="text_class41">Background image</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class553"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class554"><span class="text_class555"><span class="text_class556"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to apply customized GUI layout definition.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class557"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="17"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">3.1.8.2 System UI Parts</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class558"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class559"><span class="text_class560"><span class="text_class561"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to display two or more information simultaneously to the status notification area.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class562"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class563"><span class="text_class564"><span class="text_class565"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to displaying status to status notification area.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class566"><span class="text_class567"><span class="text_class41">Current Time: Displaying clock capability</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class568"><span class="text_class569"><span class="text_class41">Icons of Status: Displaying icons for notify information from applications</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class570"><span class="text_class571"><span class="text_class41">Status Message: Displaying text for notify information from applications</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class572"><span class="text_class573"><span class="text_class574"><span class="text_class575"><span class="text_class41">Communication Status: Status of mobile communication and wireless communications (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.)</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class576"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class577"><span class="text_class578"><span class="text_class579"><span class="text_class41">Home screen must provide an interface to retrieve information from application for notification.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class580"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class581"><span class="text_class582"><span class="text_class583"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show popup window into on-screen window.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class584"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class585"><span class="text_class586"><span class="text_class587"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide GUI method to hide on-screen window by user operation.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class588"><span class="text_class589"><span class="text_class590"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to hide on-screen window within a specified duration.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class591"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class592"><span class="text_class593"><span class="text_class594"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide an interface for applications to request to show popups.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class595"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class596"><span class="text_class597"><span class="text_class598"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide an interface for applications to cancel the previously requested popup.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class599"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class600"><span class="text_class601"><span class="text_class602"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show text information, draw images and show software switch like button in the on-screen window.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class603"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class604"><span class="text_class605"><span class="text_class606"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to specify attributes such as position and size of On-screen window.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class607"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class608"><span class="text_class609"><span class="text_class610"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must support a mechanism to specify other window display effect when the On-screen window is displayed. (e.g. tone down)</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class611"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class612"><span class="text_class613"><span class="text_class614"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide system setting menu regarding GUI, such as locale and network.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class615"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class616"><span class="text_class617"><span class="text_class618"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change current date and time setting.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class619"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class620"><span class="text_class621"><span class="text_class622"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change timezone setting.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class623"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class624"><span class="text_class625"><span class="text_class41">The platform must set up the date, time and timezone according to a current position automatically.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class626"><span class="text_class627"><span class="text_class628"><span class="text_class629"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to set up turning on and off of the automatic date/time/timezone setup.</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class630"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class631"><span class="text_class632"><span class="text_class633"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change language setting.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class634"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class635"><span class="text_class636"><span class="text_class637"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change wireless communications (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.) setting.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class638"><span class="text_class639"><span class="text_class41">Enable/Disable</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class640"><span class="text_class641"><span class="text_class41">Connect/Disconnect</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class642"><span class="text_class643"><span class="text_class41">Search the devices</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class644"><span class="text_class645"><span class="text_class646"><span class="text_class647"><span class="text_class41">Display the list of available and/or registered devices</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class648"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class649"><span class="text_class650"><span class="text_class651"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to change mobile communication setting.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class652"><span class="text_class653"><span class="text_class41">Enable/Disable</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class654"><span class="text_class655"><span class="text_class41">A setup and change of various attributes</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class656"><span class="text_class657"><span class="text_class658"><span class="text_class659"><span class="text_class41">Display the list of registered devices and select device</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class660"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class661"><span class="text_class662"><span class="text_class663"><span class="text_class41">HomeScreen must support to change the appearance of a screen to a user's liking.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class664"><span class="text_class665"><span class="text_class666"><span class="text_class41">These are as follows.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class667"><span class="text_class668"><span class="text_class41">Tone of a screen.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class669"><span class="text_class670"><span class="text_class41">Appearance of a window frame.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class671"><span class="text_class672"><span class="text_class673"><span class="text_class674"><span class="text_class41">Animation effect when screen transition was occurred.</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class675"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class676"><span class="text_class677"><span class="text_class678"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must support a mechanism to set or change master audio volume.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class679"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class680"><span class="text_class681"><span class="text_class682"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must support a mechanism to set or change display brightness.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class683"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class684"><span class="text_class685"><span class="text_class686"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show software keyboard.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class687"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class688"><span class="text_class689"><span class="text_class690"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to apply default settings (e.g. theme, local, wallpaper) to a new user, when a user is added by the User Manager.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class691"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="18"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">3.1.8.3 Application Management</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class692"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class693"><span class="text_class694"><span class="text_class695"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to manage downloaded application package.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class696"><span class="text_class697"><span class="text_class41">Display downloaded application list from application store.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class698"><span class="text_class699"><span class="text_class41">Download the application</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class700"><span class="text_class701"><span class="text_class41">Install the downloaded application</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class702"><span class="text_class703"><span class="text_class41">Uninstall the downloaded application</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class704"><span class="text_class705"><span class="text_class706"><span class="text_class707"><span class="text_class41">Update the downloaded application</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class708"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class709"><span class="text_class710"><span class="text_class711"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to launch the application.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class712"><span class="text_class713"><span class="text_class714"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to terminate the application.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class715"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="19"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">3.1.8.4 Application Switch</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class716"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class717"><span class="text_class718"><span class="text_class719"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism to show the list of installed applications.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class720"><span class="text_class721"><span class="text_class722"><span class="text_class41">Examples of assumed application list</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class723"><span class="text_class724"><span class="text_class41">list of application name</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class725"><span class="text_class726"><span class="text_class41">list of application’s icon</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class727"><span class="text_class728"><span class="text_class729"><span class="text_class730"><span class="text_class41">list of live thumbnail for all the running applications</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class731"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class732"><span class="text_class733"><span class="text_class734"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism for switching display application in order by application history.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class735"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class736"><span class="text_class737"><span class="text_class738"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism for the application stack in any order. For example, such as launch order or display order.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class739"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class740"><span class="text_class741"><span class="text_class742"><span class="text_class41">Home Screen must provide a mechanism for the system to switch applications.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class743"><span class="text_class744"><span class="text_class745"><span class="text_class41">For example, when Driving Mode changes, system must be able to switch application based on policy.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class746"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="20"><h1 class="paragraph_class34 1"><span class="text_class41">4 Application Framework Layer</span></h1></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class747"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class748"><span class="text_class749"><span class="text_class41">The Application Framework layer provides the methods needed to create software applications and their user interfaces. The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of which may be built into an SDK or product build. The application framework contains any code specifically written for that framework as well the bindings to the Services and Operating Systems layers that the application framework provides for its applications.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class750"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class751"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="21"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">4.1 AGL Application Framework</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class752"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class753"><span class="text_class754"><span class="text_class41">The AGL Application Framework provides basic services to all applications regardless of the framework they are implemented in so that there is a standard method providing the services.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class755"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="22"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">4.1.1 Application Manager</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class756"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class757"><span class="text_class758"><span class="text_class41">Application Manager describes requirements for AGL application lifecycle function. Application lifecycle contains application installation/removal and launch/hide/resume/kill.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class759"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="23"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.1.1 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class760"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class761"><span class="text_class762"><span class="text_class763"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support application lifecycle (install/uninstall, launch/kill, suspend/resume) based on appid/pid via launcher.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class764"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class765"><span class="text_class766"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support a database to store application metadata (appid, exec path etc.).</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class767"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class768"><span class="text_class769"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must provide an interface to get a list of installed applications.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class770"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class771"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must provide an interface to get the state of an application. </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class772"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class773"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must provide application privilege control. </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class774"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="24"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2 Window Manager</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class775"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class776"><span class="text_class41">A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user interface. A window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), input devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software component named window manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, and a routing of user interactions.</span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class777"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class778"><span class="text_class779"><span class="text_class41">A window manager is as software component that is responsible for a layout management of windows.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class780"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class781"><span class="text_class782"><span class="text_class41">Window manager of automotive middleware layer makes up for traditional window management system to be satisfied IVI’s complex requirements, typically requested from Policy Manager. Also, AGL aims to provide well-portability among various hardware platforms. </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class783"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="25"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2.1 </span><span class="text_class784"><span class="text_class41">Use Case</span></span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class785"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class786"><span class="text_class787"><span class="text_class41">Please refer “screen resource control” of Policy Manger section.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class788"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="26"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2.2 </span><span class="text_class789"><span class="text_class41">Role</span></span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class790"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class791"><span class="text_class792"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-148 describes the role of window manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class793"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class794"><span class="text_class795"><span class="text_class796"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-16 : Role of Resource Control</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class797"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class799 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class800"><span class="text_class801"><span class="text_class802"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class804 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class805"><span class="text_class806"><span class="text_class807"><span class="text_class41">Role</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class809 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class810"><span class="text_class811"><span class="text_class812"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class799 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class813"><span class="text_class814"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class804 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class815"><span class="text_class816"><span class="text_class41">Window drawing</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class809 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class817"><span class="text_class818"><span class="text_class41">Provide capability to draw a window to any place and any size and any scale.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class819"><span class="text_class820"><span class="text_class41">Also provide capability to change visibility of the window.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class799 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class821"><span class="text_class822"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class804 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class823"><span class="text_class824"><span class="text_class41">Overlay of multiple windows</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class809 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class825"><span class="text_class826"><span class="text_class41">Provide capability to overlay two or more windows with any z-order.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class827"><span class="text_class828"><span class="text_class41">Also provide capability to use hardware layer efficiently.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class799 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class829"><span class="text_class830"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class804 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class831"><span class="text_class832"><span class="text_class41">Visual effect</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class809 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class833"><span class="text_class834"><span class="text_class41">Provide capability to adapt visual effect as below.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class835"><span class="text_class41">Animation effect to change visibility</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class836"><span class="text_class41">Animation effect to transit between two or more windows</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class837"><span class="text_class41">Visual effect for a window, such as gray-out and transparent.</span></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class799 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class838"><span class="text_class839"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class804 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class840"><span class="text_class841"><span class="text_class41">Frame rate control</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class809 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class842"><span class="text_class843"><span class="text_class41">Provide capability to control dynamic frame rate change. This is useful if system resource was shortage.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class799 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class844"><span class="text_class845"><span class="text_class41">5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class804 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class846"><span class="text_class847"><span class="text_class41">Multiple hardware layer support</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class809 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class848"><span class="text_class849"><span class="text_class41">Provide capability to use hardware layer efficiently if hardware supports two or more hardware layers.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class799 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class850"><span class="text_class851"><span class="text_class41">6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class804 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class852"><span class="text_class853"><span class="text_class41">Reduced dependency of hardware</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class809 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class854"><span class="text_class855"><span class="text_class41">Provide well-defined interface to reduce dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface also makes it possible to increase the effect of portability and development cost.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class799 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class856"><span class="text_class857"><span class="text_class41">7</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class804 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class858"><span class="text_class859"><span class="text_class41">Multi window / multi display</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class809 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class860"><span class="text_class861"><span class="text_class41">Support multi window management and multi display.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class799 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class862"><span class="text_class863"><span class="text_class41">8</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class804 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class864"><span class="text_class865"><span class="text_class41">Compatibility</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class809 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class866"><span class="text_class867"><span class="text_class41">From the compatibility point of view, AGL should use public API, and shall not rely on hardware specific API.</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class868"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="27"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2.3 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class869"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="28"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2.3.1 Window Drawing</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class871"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class872"><span class="text_class873"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to manage surfaces, such as create, delete, make visible and make invisible.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class874"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class875"><span class="text_class876"><span class="text_class877"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to create and delete surface.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class878"><span class="text_class879"><span class="text_class880"><span class="text_class41">When surface is created or deleted, system must notify status change to GUI resource.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class881"><span class="text_class882"><span class="text_class883"><span class="text_class41">This notification mechanism makes possible to assign surface to proper area by GUI resource.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class884"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class885"><span class="text_class886"><span class="text_class887"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each surface.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class888"><span class="text_class889"><span class="text_class890"><span class="text_class41">And, provide an interface to change visibility.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class891"><span class="text_class892"><span class="text_class893"><span class="text_class41">All the surfaces must be set to invisible for initial state.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class894"><span class="text_class895"><span class="text_class896"><span class="text_class41">Surface will be visible only if GUI resource issues to change visibility.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class897"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class898"><span class="text_class899"><span class="text_class900"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to move surface’s area. If area size was different between previous area and new one, then system must support to fit into new area by VIC.4.1.4.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class901"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class902"><span class="text_class903"><span class="text_class904"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area. Because, size of area may different from size of surface.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class905"><span class="text_class906"><span class="text_class907"><span class="text_class41">If resize was happened, system must notify to surface’s owner application.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class908"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class909"><span class="text_class910"><span class="text_class911"><span class="text_class41">If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area by squeeze.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class912"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class913"><span class="text_class914"><span class="text_class915"><span class="text_class41">If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area by using combination of scaling and trimming function.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class916"><span class="text_class917"><span class="text_class918"><span class="text_class41">That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect ratio. This makes it possible to fit by “pan & scan”.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class919"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class920"><span class="text_class921"><span class="text_class922"><span class="text_class41">If size of surface and size of area was different, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area by using combination of scaling and background color.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class923"><span class="text_class924"><span class="text_class925"><span class="text_class41">That means, system must provide a mechanism to fit surface into area keeping original aspect ratio. System also provides a mechanism to fill background color into redundant pixels. This mechanism makes it possible to do “letterbox” method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class926"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="29"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2.3.2 Overlay of Multiple Windows</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class927"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class928"><span class="text_class929"><span class="text_class930"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to create and delete a layer.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class931"><span class="text_class932"><span class="text_class933"><span class="text_class41">Layer must have a concept of z-order. That means, display order for each layer is decided by their z-order attribute.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class934"><span class="text_class935"><span class="text_class936"><span class="text_class41">Z-order attribute is fixed value. So, if application wants to change display order of surfaces, then, attached layer must be changed.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class937"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class938"><span class="text_class939"><span class="text_class940"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to create and delete “area” to display surface.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class941"><span class="text_class942"><span class="text_class943"><span class="text_class41">Area is a concept which defines where to display in specific layer.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class944"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class945"><span class="text_class946"><span class="text_class947"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to attach surface to any layer.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class948"><span class="text_class949"><span class="text_class950"><span class="text_class41">Also, system must be able to change attached layer.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class951"><span class="text_class952"><span class="text_class953"><span class="text_class41">And, provide an interface to attach and change.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class954"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class955"><span class="text_class956"><span class="text_class957"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to assign surface to any area in a layer.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class958"><span class="text_class959"><span class="text_class960"><span class="text_class41">And, provide an interface to assign surface to any area.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class961"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class962"><span class="text_class963"><span class="text_class964"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to change visibility per each layer.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class965"><span class="text_class966"><span class="text_class967"><span class="text_class41">That means all the surfaces belonging to same layer will be changed visible or invisible at the same time.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class968"><span class="text_class969"><span class="text_class970"><span class="text_class41">And, provide an interface to change visibility per layer.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class971"><span class="text_class972"><span class="text_class973"><span class="text_class41">Initial state must be set to invisible.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class974"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class975"><span class="text_class976"><span class="text_class977"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to enable superimposed display based on z-order of each layer, and disposition of surfaces.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class978"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="30"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2.3.3 Visual Affect</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class979"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class980"><span class="text_class981"><span class="text_class982"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when visibility change was happened.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class983"><span class="text_class984"><span class="text_class985"><span class="text_class41">Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class986"><span class="text_class987"><span class="text_class41">- </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class988"><span class="text_class989"><span class="text_class41">Duration</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class990"><span class="text_class991"><span class="text_class41">Animation type</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class992"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class993"><span class="text_class994"><span class="text_class995"><span class="text_class41">System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom-out.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class996"><span class="text_class997"><span class="text_class998"><span class="text_class41">Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by plug-in architecture.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class999"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1000"><span class="text_class1001"><span class="text_class1002"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to apply animation effect when move surface was happened.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1003"><span class="text_class1004"><span class="text_class1005"><span class="text_class41">Per each animation, system must provide a mechanism to apply below attributes.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class1006"><span class="text_class1007"><span class="text_class41">Duration</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class1008"><span class="text_class1009"><span class="text_class1010"><span class="text_class41">Animation type</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1011"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1012"><span class="text_class1013"><span class="text_class1014"><span class="text_class41">System must provide typical animation effects, such as slide-in, slide-out, zoom-in and zoom-out.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1015"><span class="text_class1016"><span class="text_class1017"><span class="text_class41">Also, system must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change animation effect easily by plug-in architecture.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1018"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1019"><span class="text_class1020"><span class="text_class1021"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to make effect to surface.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1022"><span class="text_class1023"><span class="text_class1024"><span class="text_class41">And, provide an interface to set effect type from application and other software components.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1025"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1026"><span class="text_class1027"><span class="text_class1028"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to gray-out.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1029"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1030"><span class="text_class1031"><span class="text_class1032"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to make specific surface to low brightness</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1033"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1034"><span class="text_class1035"><span class="text_class1036"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to add, delete and change effect for surface easily by plug-in architecture.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1037"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="31"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2.3.4 Frame Rate Control</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1038"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1039"><span class="text_class1040"><span class="text_class1041"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to reduce frame rate independent from refresh interval of application.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1042"><span class="text_class1043"><span class="text_class1044"><span class="text_class41">System also provides a mechanism to set frame rate as 0fps, independent from refresh interval of application.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1045"><span class="text_class1046"><span class="text_class1047"><span class="text_class41">This function is useful to keep whole system quality even if high load status, such as live thumbnail and moving surface.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1048"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="32"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2.3.5 Multiple Hardware Layer Support</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1049"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1050"><span class="text_class1051"><span class="text_class1052"><span class="text_class41">If hardware supports two or more hardware layers, system must provide a mechanism to use hardware layers efficiently.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class1053"><span class="text_class1054"><span class="text_class41">Never use software overlay when superimposing two or more hardware layers</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class1055"><span class="text_class1056"><span class="text_class1057"><span class="text_class41">Assign hardware layer for graphical high load function, such as video playback</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1058"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="33"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2.3.6 Reduced Dependency of Hardware</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1059"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1060"><span class="text_class1061"><span class="text_class1062"><span class="text_class41">Window Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding displays and layers of each display. And system must provide a mechanism to adapt any structure without re-build, such as by using re-configuration.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1063"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="34"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2.3.7 Multi Window</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1064"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1065"><span class="text_class1066"><span class="text_class1067"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall manage multiple windows owned by multiple processes on a display.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1068"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1069"><span class="text_class1070"><span class="text_class1071"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multi-headed display.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1072"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="35"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.2.3.8 Compatibility</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1073"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1074"><span class="text_class1075"><span class="text_class1076"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that uses only public APIs provided by Window System and OpenGL/ES 2.0 for rendering and user interaction.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1077"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1078"><span class="text_class1079"><span class="text_class1080"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that relies on a standard rendering API such as OpenGL/ES 2.0 only. The window manager shall not rely on any hardware specific API.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1081"><span class="text_class1082"><span class="text_class1083"><span class="text_class41">A window system and OpenGL/ES 2.0 API are responsible for a hardware abstraction.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1084"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="36"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">4.1.3 Policy Manager</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1085"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="37"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.3.1 Overview</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1086"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="38"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.3.1.1 Purpose</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1087"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1088"><span class="text_class1089"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager collects information and makes decisions based on them. To do that, Policy Manager collects lots of status, such as user operation and application status, then issue Vehicle Info Control or Resource Control to provide information. Policy Manager controls two types of resource, one is called “GUI resources” such as screen and sound, and other one is called “System resources” such as CPU and memory.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1090"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="39"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.3.1.2 GUI Resources</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1091"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1092"><span class="text_class1093"><span class="text_class41">(1) Definition</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1094"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1095"><span class="text_class1096"><span class="text_class1097"><span class="text_class41">· </span></span><span class="text_class41"> About Control of GUI Resources</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1098"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1099"><span class="text_class1100"><span class="text_class41">AGL is supposed the following devices in this feature. For example, display with touch panel, speaker, and microphone. And AGL defines that “GUI resources” are resources that provide user or is provided by user on those devices, such as windows, sound streams and input events.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1101"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/3dd010e4-e984-42bb-b387-a1f37dda9c2e_url_5c0e72c4-6c44-4655-b63a-8dc5bf321ba2.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1102"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1103"><span class="text_class1104"><span class="text_class1105"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-1: GUI resources</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1106"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1107"><span class="text_class1108"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager controls GUI resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy Manager limits the information of GUI resources while the vehicle is driving, because, the too much information distracts the attention of driver from driving operations.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1109"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1110"><span class="text_class1111"><span class="text_class1112"><span class="text_class41">· </span></span><span class="text_class41"> Associated Software Architecture</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1113"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1114"><span class="text_class1115"><span class="text_class41">The software architecture of Policy Manager and related components regarding GUI resources control is as below.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1116"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/e5243e9c-e39b-45d6-807e-aed3d60fa2a4_url_e34cd7fe-de2d-475d-b9f6-c457fb665666.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1117"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1118"><span class="text_class1119"><span class="text_class1120"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-2: Associated Software Expected Use Case</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1121"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1122"><span class="text_class1123"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager is related with the below components.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1124"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1125"><span class="text_class1126"><span class="text_class1127"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-1: Related Components</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1128"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1130 cell_class1129"><p class="paragraph_class1131"><span class="text_class1132"><span class="text_class1133"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1134" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class1136"><span class="text_class1137"><span class="text_class1138"><span class="text_class41">Component</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1140 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class1141"><span class="text_class1142"><span class="text_class1143"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1130 cell_class1129"><p class="paragraph_class1144"><span class="text_class1145"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1134" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class1146"><span class="text_class1147"><span class="text_class41">Homescreen</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1140 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class1148"><span class="text_class1149"><span class="text_class41">Request to control of GUI resources.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1130 cell_class1129"><p class="paragraph_class1150"><span class="text_class1151"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1134" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class1152"><span class="text_class1153"><span class="text_class41">Applications</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1140 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class1154"><span class="text_class1155"><span class="text_class41">Request to output or input of GUI resources.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1130 cell_class1129"><p class="paragraph_class1156"><span class="text_class1157"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1134" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class1158"><span class="text_class1159"><span class="text_class41">UI Component</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1140 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class1160"><span class="text_class1161"><span class="text_class41">Receive driving mode and day night mode. And then provide the corresponding feature to applications UI such as input limitation and changing the theme.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1130 cell_class1129"><p class="paragraph_class1162"><span class="text_class1163"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1134" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class1164"><span class="text_class1165"><span class="text_class41">Application Manager</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1140 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class1166"><span class="text_class1167"><span class="text_class41">Detect application installation. Then Notify the definition of GUI resources such as role by application configurations.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1130 cell_class1129"><p class="paragraph_class1168"><span class="text_class1169"><span class="text_class41">5-1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1135 cell_class1170" rowspan="5"><p class="paragraph_class1171"><span class="text_class1172"><span class="text_class41">Vehicle Info Control</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1140 cell_class1173"><p class="paragraph_class1174"><span class="text_class1175"><span class="text_class41">Window Manager</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1176 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class1177"><span class="text_class1178"><span class="text_class41">Control screen resource such as show/hide windows.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1130 cell_class1129"><p class="paragraph_class1179"><span class="text_class1180"><span class="text_class41">5-2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1135 cell_class1173"><p class="paragraph_class1181"><span class="text_class1182"><span class="text_class41">Sound Manager</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1140 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class1183"><span class="text_class1184"><span class="text_class41">Control sound resource such as mute/unmute sound streams.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1130 cell_class1129"><p class="paragraph_class1185"><span class="text_class1186"><span class="text_class41">5-3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1135 cell_class1173"><p class="paragraph_class1187"><span class="text_class1188"><span class="text_class41">Input Manager</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1140 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class1189"><span class="text_class1190"><span class="text_class41">Control input resource such as notify/not notify touch event on touch panel display to applications.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1130 cell_class1129"><p class="paragraph_class1191"><span class="text_class1192"><span class="text_class41">5-4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1135 cell_class1173"><p class="paragraph_class1193"><span class="text_class1194"><span class="text_class41">Vehicle Info Distributor</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1140 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class1195"><span class="text_class1196"><span class="text_class41">Provide the vehicle information from vehicle network such as CAN.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1130 cell_class1129"><p class="paragraph_class1197"><span class="text_class1198"><span class="text_class41">5-5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1135 cell_class1173"><p class="paragraph_class1199"><span class="text_class1200"><span class="text_class41">User Manager</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1140 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class1201"><span class="text_class1202"><span class="text_class41">Detect user switching. Then Notify the definition of user information such as application list of login user.</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1203"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1204"><span class="text_class1205"><span class="text_class41">(2) Role</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1206"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1207"><span class="text_class1208"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager has the below role.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1209"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1210"><span class="text_class1211"><span class="text_class1212"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-2: Role of Policy Manager</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1213"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1214 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class1215"><span class="text_class1216"><span class="text_class1217"><span class="text_class41">ID</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1218 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class1219"><span class="text_class1220"><span class="text_class1221"><span class="text_class41">Role</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1222 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class1223"><span class="text_class1224"><span class="text_class1225"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1214 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class1226"><span class="text_class1227"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1218 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class1228"><span class="text_class1229"><span class="text_class41">External condition</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1230"><span class="text_class1231"><span class="text_class41">collection</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1222 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class1232"><span class="text_class1233"><span class="text_class41">(1) Receives the external conditions.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1214 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class1234"><span class="text_class1235"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1218 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class1236"><span class="text_class1237"><span class="text_class41">Judgment of priority of GUI resource</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1222 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class1238"><span class="text_class1239"><span class="text_class41">(1) Receives the input/output/control request of</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1240"><span class="text_class1241"><span class="text_class41"> GUI resources.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1242"><span class="text_class1243"><span class="text_class41">(2) Judgment the GUI resource owner according to</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1244"><span class="text_class1245"><span class="text_class41">external conditions.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1214 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class1246"><span class="text_class1247"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1218 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class1248"><span class="text_class1249"><span class="text_class41">GUI resource control</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1222 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class1250"><span class="text_class1251"><span class="text_class41">(1) Issue the GUI resource control according to</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1252"><span class="text_class1253"><span class="text_class41"> judgment.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1254"><span class="text_class1255"><span class="text_class41">(2) Notify the driving mode and day night mode</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1256"><span class="text_class1257"><span class="text_class41"> that is calculated by external conditions.</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1258"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/1c8fb581-185f-4b2e-b64f-73d161881e79_url_7c033ecb-0615-4641-97c7-a5815d11aa2d.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1259"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1260"><span class="text_class1261"><span class="text_class1262"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-3: Definition of Role</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1263"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1264"><span class="text_class1265"><span class="text_class41">GUI resource classifies screen resource, sound resource and input resource. Details of each resource type are as follows:</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1266"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1267"><span class="text_class1268"><span class="text_class41">a. Screen Resource</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1269"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1270"><span class="text_class1271"><span class="text_class41">a-1. External Condition Collection</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1272"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1273"><span class="text_class1274"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager collects the below definition that is related with screen resource.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1275"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/0e8db295-edc3-478a-96b7-a5744b57218b_url_18ac6450-15a9-4f2c-af35-b0a448c4c055.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1276"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1277"><span class="text_class1278"><span class="text_class1279"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-4: Definition of screen resource</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1280"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1281"><span class="text_class1282"><span class="text_class41">• </span></span><span class="text_class1283"><span class="text_class41">Concept of Display, Layer, Layout and Area</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1284"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1285"><span class="text_class1286"><span class="text_class41">AGL supports not only one physical display but also two or more displays. Each display has one or more layer. And each layer must be connected to one layout defined by Homescreen. Layout consists of one or more areas. “Area” is graphics composed area to display specific graphics window.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1287"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1288"><span class="text_class1289"><span class="text_class41">The z-order of layers is flexible. Policy Manager decides the z-order of each layer depending on objectives of them. For example, layer-1 was used as “phone call notification”, and layer-2 was used as displaying “map”, then Policy Manager will decide that layer-1 should be upper than layer-2.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1290"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1291"><span class="text_class1292"><span class="text_class41">Layer is created by application including Homescreen. When application creates layer, application specifies layer type. Layer type is roughly categorized as “Basic” and “Interrupt”. “Basic” layers are used to display application itself such as media playback, map drawing and setting menu. “Interrupt” layers are used to display overlay windows such as information alert and enlarged view.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1293"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1294"><span class="text_class1295"><span class="text_class41">When application creates layer with ”Basic” type, application must specify layout type for it. On the other hand, the case layer with “Interrupt”, application must specify corresponding “Basic” layer. The layout of “Interrupt” layer is followed by “Basic” layer’s layout.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1296"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1297"><span class="text_class1298"><span class="text_class41">From the capability of Policy Manager point of view, the main purpose of layer is to decide z-order. In other words, if there is a scenario to change z-order of two or more windows triggered by system status change and/or user operation, then such kind of window must assign to individual layer.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1299"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1300"><span class="text_class1301"><span class="text_class41">• </span></span><span class="text_class1302"><span class="text_class41">Concept of Layer Owner, Role and Surface</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1303"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1304"><span class="text_class1305"><span class="text_class41">“Layer owner” is application which created that layer. “Layer owner” can request each area of that layer. When “Layer owner” requests specific area, “Layer owner” also specify “Role” of area. “Role” represents how to be used that area, and used to define z-order of layers by Policy Manager.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1306"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1307"><span class="text_class1308"><span class="text_class41">“Layer owner” also can request to change “Role” for specific area, however, whether “Role” change is acceptable or not is decided by Policy Manager by using policy rule.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1309"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1310"><span class="text_class1311"><span class="text_class41">One area should connect to one graphics window. AGL defines the term “Surface” as graphics window to display into one area.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1312"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1313"><span class="text_class1314"><span class="text_class41">Surface is a canvas to draw graphical image by application. To show via physical display, surface drawn by application must be assigned to specific area. Figure 7-16 describes simplest example to assign one surface to full screen with one layer. If layer has two or more areas, then corresponding surfaces are mapped to each area. According to example of Figure 7-16, surface is fit to area size as “squeeze”, however AGL also provide a way to fit as “letterbox” and “pan & scan”.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1315"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/4e376388-5ef9-4f8d-99dc-7821b1489007_url_1a0bdd0b-75d3-4c36-bd6d-7f0ed32fc986.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1316"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1317"><span class="text_class1318"><span class="text_class1319"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-5: Definition of Surface</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1320"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1321"><span class="text_class1322"><span class="text_class41">• </span></span><span class="text_class1323"><span class="text_class41">Subdivision of “Interrupt” Layer</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1324"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1325"><span class="text_class1326"><span class="text_class41">Basically, “Basic” layer corresponding to “Interrupt” layer is used to display application’s main surface. However there are some exceptions. For example virtual keyboard is not needed main surface. However, to follow this layer type rule, virtual keyboard must have corresponding “Basic” layer. But this “Basic” layer never used to display. Also on-screen, such as alert message is not needed main surface too. But it must have corresponding “Basic” layer from same reason.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1327"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1328"><span class="text_class1329"><span class="text_class41">According to above concept and some exceptions, AGL defines four layer types described as Table 7-3.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1330"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1331"><span class="text_class1332"><span class="text_class1333"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-3: Definition of Layer Type</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1334"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1336 cell_class1335"><p class="paragraph_class1337"><span class="text_class1338"><span class="text_class1339"><span class="text_class41">No</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1341 cell_class1340"><p class="paragraph_class1342"><span class="text_class1343"><span class="text_class1344"><span class="text_class41">Type</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1346 cell_class1345"><p class="paragraph_class1347"><span class="text_class1348"><span class="text_class1349"><span class="text_class41">Summary</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1351 cell_class1350"><p class="paragraph_class1352"><span class="text_class1353"><span class="text_class1354"><span class="text_class41">Example</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1336 cell_class1355"><p class="paragraph_class1356"><span class="text_class1357"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1341 cell_class1358"><p class="paragraph_class1359"><span class="text_class1360"><span class="text_class41">Basic</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1346 cell_class1361"><p class="paragraph_class1362"><span class="text_class1363"><span class="text_class41">This is application’s basic screen. Typically, application requests this layer at first time.</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1351 cell_class1364"><p class="paragraph_class1365"><span class="text_class1366"><span class="text_class41">Map of navigation</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1336 cell_class1355"><p class="paragraph_class1367"><span class="text_class1368"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1341 cell_class1358"><p class="paragraph_class1369"><span class="text_class1370"><span class="text_class41">Interrupt</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1346 cell_class1361"><p class="paragraph_class1371"><span class="text_class1372"><span class="text_class41">This is application’s popup screen.</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1351 cell_class1364"><p class="paragraph_class1373"><span class="text_class1374"><span class="text_class41">Enlarged view of navigation</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1336 cell_class1355"><p class="paragraph_class1375"><span class="text_class1376"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1341 cell_class1358"><p class="paragraph_class1377"><span class="text_class1378"><span class="text_class41">On-screen</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1346 cell_class1361"><p class="paragraph_class1379"><span class="text_class1380"><span class="text_class41">This is system popup screen. Typically, On-screen service (e.g. Homescreen) requests this layer.</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1351 cell_class1364"><p class="paragraph_class1381"><span class="text_class1382"><span class="text_class41">Warning message popup</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1336 cell_class1355"><p class="paragraph_class1383"><span class="text_class1384"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1341 cell_class1358"><p class="paragraph_class1385"><span class="text_class1386"><span class="text_class41">Software keyboard</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1346 cell_class1361"><p class="paragraph_class1387"><span class="text_class1388"><span class="text_class41">This is the software keyboard screen. Typically, software keyboard service requests this layer.</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1351 cell_class1364"><p class="paragraph_class1389"><span class="text_class1390"><span class="text_class41">Software keyboard</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1391"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1392"><span class="text_class1393"><span class="text_class41">a-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1394"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1395"><span class="text_class1396"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each screen resource. Role is the category name of screen resource priority. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy Manager. Table 7-4 and Figure 7-6 describes the definition of role and sub role.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1397"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1398"><span class="text_class1399"><span class="text_class1400"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-4: Definition of Role</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1401"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1402 cell_class1335"><p class="paragraph_class1403"><span class="text_class1404"><span class="text_class1405"><span class="text_class41">No</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1406 cell_class1340"><p class="paragraph_class1407"><span class="text_class1408"><span class="text_class1409"><span class="text_class41">Contents</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1410 cell_class1345"><p class="paragraph_class1411"><span class="text_class1412"><span class="text_class1413"><span class="text_class41">Summary</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1414 cell_class1350"><p class="paragraph_class1415"><span class="text_class1416"><span class="text_class1417"><span class="text_class41">Example</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1402 cell_class1355"><p class="paragraph_class1418"><span class="text_class1419"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1406 cell_class1358"><p class="paragraph_class1420"><span class="text_class1421"><span class="text_class41">Role</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1410 cell_class1361"><p class="paragraph_class1422"><span class="text_class1423"><span class="text_class41">This is screen owner (such as application or service) role.</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1414 cell_class1364"><p class="paragraph_class1424"><span class="text_class1425"><span class="text_class41">Navigation</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1402 cell_class1355"><p class="paragraph_class1426"><span class="text_class1427"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1406 cell_class1358"><p class="paragraph_class1428"><span class="text_class1429"><span class="text_class41">Sub role</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1410 cell_class1361"><p class="paragraph_class1430"><span class="text_class1431"><span class="text_class41">This is specific screen role.</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1414 cell_class1364"><p class="paragraph_class1432"><span class="text_class1433"><span class="text_class41">Enlarged view</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1434"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1435"><span class="text_class1436"><span class="text_class41">Role consists of role and sub role. Role is screen owner role such as “Navigation” and “Software keyboard”. Sub role defines when layer type of the screen resource is not “Basic”. Sub role is popup screen role such as “Enlarged view” (of Navigation).</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1437"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/3e259145-4707-4648-be0a-0879badb5927_url_b7453432-a03f-44c5-815c-e3f852554ffd.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1438"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1439"><span class="text_class1440"><span class="text_class1441"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-6: Definition of Role and Sub role</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1442"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1443"><span class="text_class1444"><span class="text_class41">The screen resources are sorted of priority that is related to role by Policy Manager. If display has two or more layers, then all layers will be superimposed by z-order.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1445"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1446"><span class="text_class1447"><span class="text_class41">In addition, Policy Manager decides the area of "Interrupt" layer using role. Area of "Interrupt" layer must be same area of the related "Basic" layer. "related" means that "Role" (is not "Sub role") of "Basic" and "Interrupt" is same. For examples, if "Interrupt" layer is set “Navigation” role and “Lane guidance” sub role, this is set in same area of "Navigation" role.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1448"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1449"><span class="text_class1450"><span class="text_class41">a-3. GUI resource control</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1451"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1452"><span class="text_class1453"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager controls the screen resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only issues to control the screen resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control directly.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1454"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1455"><span class="text_class1456"><span class="text_class41">There are three types of screen resource control:</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1457"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1458"><span class="text_class1459"><span class="text_class41">One is allocation of each surface such as position, size and size-fitting method.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1460"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1461"><span class="text_class1462"><span class="text_class41">Second one is visibility control. Basically, visibility should be “ON” during area owner was assigned. However, visibility may set to “OFF” during driving mode due to driving restriction.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1463"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1464"><span class="text_class1465"><span class="text_class41">Last one is order control of each layer. Policy Manager decides the order of each layer, and issue z-order information for each layer.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1466"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1467"><span class="text_class1468"><span class="text_class41">b. Sound Resource</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1469"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1470"><span class="text_class1471"><span class="text_class41">b-1. External Condition Collection</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1472"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1473"><span class="text_class1474"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with sound resource.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1475"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/ce2463c2-25b4-42b7-ae3b-a08b2d82955e_url_5e2be80f-398e-48b2-be80-03d39e4f444f.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1476"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1477"><span class="text_class1478"><span class="text_class1479"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-7: Definition of Sound Resource</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1480"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1481"><span class="text_class1482"><span class="text_class41">• </span></span><span class="text_class1483"><span class="text_class41">Zone</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1484"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1485"><span class="text_class1486"><span class="text_class41">Zone is a place in the car, such as driver zone, passenger zone, rear seat zone. Each zone can play at the same time.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1487"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1488"><span class="text_class1489"><span class="text_class41">• </span></span><span class="text_class1490"><span class="text_class41">Sound type</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1491"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1492"><span class="text_class1493"><span class="text_class41">Sound type is the category of sound resource. Sound type must be set by each sound resource owner such as application. If application wants to play sound, it must be assigned to proper sound type of proper zone. Only one sound stream can occupy specific sound type of specific zone. In other words, if two or more sound streams should be mixed in same zone, then each sound stream must assign to individual sound type.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1494"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1495"><span class="text_class1496"><span class="text_class41">AGL supports the following sound type, however it’s just sample and should be configurable.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1497"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1498"><span class="text_class1499"><span class="text_class1500"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-5: Definition of sound type</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1501"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1502 cell_class1335"><p class="paragraph_class1503"><span class="text_class1504"><span class="text_class1505"><span class="text_class41">No</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1506 cell_class1340"><p class="paragraph_class1507"><span class="text_class1508"><span class="text_class1509"><span class="text_class41">Type</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1510 cell_class1345"><p class="paragraph_class1511"><span class="text_class1512"><span class="text_class1513"><span class="text_class41">Summary</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1514 cell_class1350"><p class="paragraph_class1515"><span class="text_class1516"><span class="text_class1517"><span class="text_class41">Example</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1502 cell_class1355"><p class="paragraph_class1518"><span class="text_class1519"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1506 cell_class1358"><p class="paragraph_class1520"><span class="text_class1521"><span class="text_class41">Basic</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1510 cell_class1361"><p class="paragraph_class1522"><span class="text_class1523"><span class="text_class41">This is application’s basic sound.</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1514 cell_class1364"><p class="paragraph_class1524"><span class="text_class1525"><span class="text_class41">Music of media player</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1502 cell_class1355"><p class="paragraph_class1526"><span class="text_class1527"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1506 cell_class1358"><p class="paragraph_class1528"><span class="text_class1529"><span class="text_class41">Interrupt</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1510 cell_class1361"><p class="paragraph_class1530"><span class="text_class1531"><span class="text_class41">This is application’s interrupt sound.</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1514 cell_class1364"><p class="paragraph_class1532"><span class="text_class1533"><span class="text_class41">Guidance of Navigation</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1502 cell_class1355"><p class="paragraph_class1534"><span class="text_class1535"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1506 cell_class1358"><p class="paragraph_class1536"><span class="text_class1537"><span class="text_class41">Beep</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1510 cell_class1361"><p class="paragraph_class1538"><span class="text_class1539"><span class="text_class41">This is beep. Typically, Homescreen requests this type.</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1514 cell_class1364"><p class="paragraph_class1540"><span class="text_class1541"><span class="text_class41">Display touch sound</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1542"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1543"><span class="text_class1544"><span class="text_class41">• </span></span><span class="text_class1545"><span class="text_class41">Stream</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1546"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1547"><span class="text_class1548"><span class="text_class41">Stream is connection of sound resource that is made in applications. Sound is transferred in stream.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1549"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1550"><span class="text_class1551"><span class="text_class41">b-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1552"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1553"><span class="text_class1554"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager receives the request with “Role” that is related with each sound resource. Role is the category name of sound resource. Role is used to judgment of priority by Policy Manager. Figure 7-8 describes the definition of role.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1555"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/2d7ad221-b09d-4788-af30-d31200fac959_url_037700e6-3f20-4ce2-a692-19521c19c0c1.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1556"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1557"><span class="text_class1558"><span class="text_class1559"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-8: Sample Role </span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1560"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1561"><span class="text_class1562"><span class="text_class41">The sound resources in the same zone and same sound type are switched along the priority that is related to role by Policy Manager. In other words, the sound resources of different zones or different sound type are not switched. They are mixed.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1563"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1564"><span class="text_class1565"><span class="text_class41">b-3. GUI Resource Control</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1566"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1567"><span class="text_class1568"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager controls the sound resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only issues to control the sound resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control directly.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1569"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1570"><span class="text_class1571"><span class="text_class41">There are two types of sound resource control:</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1572"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1573"><span class="text_class1574"><span class="text_class41">One is playback control such as play, pause and stop. Policy Manger issues to play sound for sound area owner, and if area owner was changed, then issue to stop previous playing sound stream and to start play latest area owner.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1575"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1576"><span class="text_class1577"><span class="text_class41">Other one is volume control. Two or more sound streams of same zone may playback simultaneously if each sound streams are assigned to different sound type. In this case, Policy Manager specifies volume parameter for each sound stream. For example, if route guidance and music playback are mixed, assign higher volume to route guidance and volume down for music playback.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1578"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1579"><span class="text_class1580"><span class="text_class41">c. Input Resource</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1581"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1582"><span class="text_class1583"><span class="text_class41">c-1. External Condition Collection</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1584"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1585"><span class="text_class1586"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager receives the below definition that is related with input resource.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1587"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/59153556-3530-4ad3-bad6-2111bc7b598a_url_27a05136-e643-4190-9920-e2fdd7d87cdd.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1588"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1589"><span class="text_class1590"><span class="text_class1591"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-9: Definition of Input Resource</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1592"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1593"><span class="text_class1594"><span class="text_class41">• </span></span><span class="text_class1595"><span class="text_class41">Device Name</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1596"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1597"><span class="text_class1598"><span class="text_class41">Device name is identity of input device such as steering SW and microphone.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1599"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1600"><span class="text_class1601"><span class="text_class41">• </span></span><span class="text_class1602"><span class="text_class41">Event Type</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1603"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1604"><span class="text_class1605"><span class="text_class41">Event type is logical group of input event from each input device such as volumes and temperatures.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1606"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1607"><span class="text_class1608"><span class="text_class41">c-2. Judgment of Priority of GUI resource</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1609"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1610"><span class="text_class1611"><span class="text_class41">If application wants to be notified input event, it must request input event notice with device name and event type. The request is judged whether to notify by Policy Manager using policy DB. And Vehicle Info Control notifies input event to applications along the result of the judgment as below.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1612"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/f4424a8d-6bf8-47d1-b2d6-0b3b0eb9590d_url_d573c6e1-0b7a-41bc-b368-8a1d91e637dc.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1613"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1614"><span class="text_class1615"><span class="text_class1616"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-10: Definition of routing rule</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1617"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1618"><span class="text_class1619"><span class="text_class41">OEM special switch means product variant configuration in Figure 7-10.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1620"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1621"><span class="text_class1622"><span class="text_class41">c-3. GUI Resource Control</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1623"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1624"><span class="text_class1625"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager controls the input resources using Vehicle Info Control. Policy Manager only issues to control the input resources but it is actually controlled by Vehicle Info Control directly.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1626"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1627"><span class="text_class1628"><span class="text_class41">Input resource control is to specify event target to Vehicle Info Control.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1629"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="40"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.3.1.3 System Resources</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1630"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1631"><span class="text_class1632"><span class="text_class41">(1) Definition</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1633"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1634"><span class="text_class1635"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager controls System resources according to external conditions. For example, Policy Manager limits memory usage of background applications when memory shortage was occurred.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1636"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1637"><span class="text_class1638"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager controls System resources by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. So, target resources are CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network bandwidth.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1639"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1640"><span class="text_class1641"><span class="text_class41">a. Role</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1642"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1643 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class1644"><span class="text_class1645"><span class="text_class1646"><span class="text_class41">ID</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1647 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class1648"><span class="text_class1649"><span class="text_class1650"><span class="text_class41">Role</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1651 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class1652"><span class="text_class1653"><span class="text_class1654"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1643 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class1655"><span class="text_class1656"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1647 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class1657"><span class="text_class1658"><span class="text_class41">External condition</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1659"><span class="text_class1660"><span class="text_class41">collection</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1651 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class1661"><span class="text_class1662"><span class="text_class41">(1) Receives the external conditions.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1643 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class1663"><span class="text_class1664"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1647 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class1665"><span class="text_class1666"><span class="text_class41">System resource control</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class1651 cell_class808"><ul class="list_class1667"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class1668"><span class="text_class41">Issue the System resource control according to external condition change.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class1669"><span class="text_class41">Kill process(s) forcibly according to external condition change.</span></span></li></ul></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1670"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="41"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.3.2 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1671"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="42"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.3.2.1 Screen Resource</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1672"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1673"><span class="text_class1674"><span class="text_class41">(1) External Condition Collection</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1675"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1676"><span class="text_class1677"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource owner.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1678"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1679"><span class="text_class1680"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the physical display information. Because system uses physical display information with to control surface to other system. The receive information must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1681"><span class="text_class1682"><span class="text_class41">a. ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1683"><span class="text_class1684"><span class="text_class41"> b. Display resolution (</span></span><span class="text_class1685"><span class="text_class41">Vertical and horizontal number of pixels</span></span><span class="text_class1686"><span class="text_class41">)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1687"><span class="text_class1688"><span class="text_class41"> c. DPI</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1689"><span class="text_class1690"><span class="text_class41">d. Connected ECU</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1691"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1692"><span class="text_class1693"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout definition. Layout definition must be able to identify the all areas of display. As a result, system recognizes the available area list according to current layout of each display.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1694"><span class="text_class1695"><span class="text_class41">The receive definition must include the follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1696"><span class="text_class1697"><span class="text_class41">a. ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1698"><span class="text_class1699"><span class="text_class41"> b. Area list</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1700"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1701"><span class="text_class1702"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the area definition. Area is set application surface by system if the request is accepted by system. As a result, application surface displays on the device.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1703"><span class="text_class1704"><span class="text_class41">The receive request must include the follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1705"><span class="text_class1706"><span class="text_class41">a. Layout ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1707"><span class="text_class1708"><span class="text_class41">b. ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1709"><span class="text_class1710"><span class="text_class41"> c. Area position (Coordinate of the upper-left)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1711"><span class="text_class1712"><span class="text_class41"> d. Area size (Length * Width)</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1713"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1714"><span class="text_class1715"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the layout type of each display. System can specify the available areas if layout type is defined. The receive information must include the follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1716"><span class="text_class1717"><span class="text_class41">a. Display ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1718"><span class="text_class1719"><span class="text_class41"> b. Layout ID</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1720"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1721"><span class="text_class1722"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the priority rule. Because system must judge the providing resource using it when the request is collision.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1723"><span class="text_class1724"><span class="text_class41">The receive information must include the follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1725"><span class="text_class1726"><span class="text_class41">a. Role</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1727"><span class="text_class1728"><span class="text_class41"> b. Priority</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1729"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1730"><span class="text_class1731"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system must judge driving mode.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1732"><span class="text_class1733"><span class="text_class41">The receive information must include the follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1734"><span class="text_class1735"><span class="text_class41">a. Velocity</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1736"><span class="text_class1737"><span class="text_class41"> b. Brake status</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1738"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1739"><span class="text_class1740"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to receive the vehicle status. Because system should judge day night mode.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1741"><span class="text_class1742"><span class="text_class41">The receive information should include the follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1743"><span class="text_class1744"><span class="text_class41">a. The brightness of the interior</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1745"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1746"><span class="text_class1747"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to receive the user status. Because system should judge the providing resource using it.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1748"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1749"><span class="text_class1750"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to receive the infrastructure status. Because system should judge the providing resource using it.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1751"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1752"><span class="text_class1753"><span class="text_class41">(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI Resource</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1754"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1755"><span class="text_class1756"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1757"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1758"><span class="text_class1759"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the layer request. System allocates the physical resource. Application must request the area on this layer if application needs to display the resource.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1760"><span class="text_class1761"><span class="text_class41">The receive request must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1762"><span class="text_class1763"><span class="text_class41">a. Role</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1764"><span class="text_class1765"><span class="text_class41"> b. Layer type</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1766"><span class="text_class1767"><span class="text_class41">The receive request should include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1768"><span class="text_class1769"><span class="text_class41">c. Display ID</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1770"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1771"><span class="text_class1772"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the area request. System sorts layers in order by priority that is related with the specified role. Then system displays the application surface on the specified area on the specified layer. </span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1773"><span class="text_class1774"><span class="text_class41">The receive request must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1775"><span class="text_class1776"><span class="text_class41">a. Role</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1777"><span class="text_class1778"><span class="text_class41">b. Layer ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1779"><span class="text_class1780"><span class="text_class41">The receive request must include as follows when layer type of the specified layer is “Basic”. Because there is a specification that the area on layer except basic type must be located on the related basic type area.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1781"><span class="text_class1782"><span class="text_class41">c. Area ID</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1783"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/250e200d-0da1-4c7b-ba99-7a8d8573cd33_url_556c24cc-4e53-409c-8093-bd9edf123c20.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1784"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1785"><span class="text_class1786"><span class="text_class1787"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-11: Sequence to display</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1788"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1789"><span class="text_class1790"><span class="text_class41">System should provide an interface to request both screen and sound resource simultaneously. In this request, requester should choose below options.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class1791"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class1792"><span class="text_class41">Requester needs both screen and sound. For example, if screen resource was available, but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher priority, then, request should be refused.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class1793"><span class="text_class41">Requester wants screen and sound resource as much as possible. For example, if screen resource was available, but sound resource was occupied by other owner of higher priority, then, only screen resource should be assigned to requester.</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1794"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1795"><span class="text_class1796"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release request during system running. System should raise the requested surface to the top of the display.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1797"><span class="text_class1798"><span class="text_class41">The receive request should include the follows in addition to the information of the normal request.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1799"><span class="text_class1800"><span class="text_class41">a. Effective period (Can set unlimited)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1801"><span class="text_class1802"><span class="text_class41">System should not raise the other surface above its during effective period. </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1803"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1804"><span class="text_class1805"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1806"><span class="text_class1807"><span class="text_class41">a. The effect at the transition</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1808"><span class="text_class1809"><span class="text_class41"> b. The effect of display surface</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1810"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1811"><span class="text_class1812"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources. The screen resources are sorted of priority that is related to role by system. If display has two or more layers, then all layers will be superimposed by z-order.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1813"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1814"><span class="text_class1815"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to judge visible surfaces according to vehicle running state. System must hide the surface that has too much information.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1816"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1817"><span class="text_class1818"><span class="text_class41">(3) GUI Resource Control</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1819"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1820"><span class="text_class1821"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1822"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1823"><span class="text_class1824"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1825"><span class="text_class1826"><span class="text_class41"> a. Visible / Invisible</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1827"><span class="text_class1828"><span class="text_class41"> b. Change position</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1829"><span class="text_class1830"><span class="text_class41"> c. Raise</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1831"><span class="text_class1832"><span class="text_class41">The receive request must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1833"><span class="text_class1834"><span class="text_class41">i. Surface ID *Only case of visible.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1835"><span class="text_class1836"><span class="text_class41">ii. Display ID *Only case of visible.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1837"><span class="text_class1838"><span class="text_class41">iii. Layer ID *Only case of visible.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1839"><span class="text_class1840"><span class="text_class41"> iv. Position (Coordinate of the upper-left) *Only case of visible and change position.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1841"><span class="text_class1842"><span class="text_class41"> v. Size (Length * Width) *Only case of visible.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1843"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1844"><span class="text_class1845"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to set the following effect of the surface to other system.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1846"><span class="text_class1847"><span class="text_class41"> a. The effect at the transition</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1848"><span class="text_class1849"><span class="text_class41"> b. The effect of display surface</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1850"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="43"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.3.2.2 Sound Resource</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1851"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1852"><span class="text_class1853"><span class="text_class41">(1) External Condition Collection</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1854"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1855"><span class="text_class1856"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource owner.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1857"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1858"><span class="text_class1859"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the zone definition. Because system uses zone information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1860"><span class="text_class1861"><span class="text_class41">a. ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1862"><span class="text_class1863"><span class="text_class41"> b. Sound device ID</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1864"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1865"><span class="text_class1866"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the sound type definition. Because system uses sound type information with to control stream to other system. The receive information must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1867"><span class="text_class1868"><span class="text_class41">a. ID</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1869"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1870"><span class="text_class1871"><span class="text_class41">(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1872"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1873"><span class="text_class1874"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1875"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1876"><span class="text_class1877"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive request during system running.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1878"><span class="text_class1879"><span class="text_class41">The receive request must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1880"><span class="text_class1881"><span class="text_class41">a. Role</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1882"><span class="text_class1883"><span class="text_class41">b. Zone ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1884"><span class="text_class1885"><span class="text_class41">c. Sound type ID</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1886"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1887"><span class="text_class1888"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to receive the request of forcibly acquire and forcibly release. System should be able to forcibly acquire and forcibly release receive request during system running.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1889"><span class="text_class1890"><span class="text_class41">The receive request should include as follows in addition to the information of the normal request.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1891"><span class="text_class1892"><span class="text_class41">a. Effective period (Can set unlimited)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1893"><span class="text_class1894"><span class="text_class41">System must assign resource owner as requested. And system must not assign resource owner by other request on same area during effective period.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1895"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1896"><span class="text_class1897"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to receive the request that is specified the following effect.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1898"><span class="text_class1899"><span class="text_class41">a. The effect at the transition </span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1900"><span class="text_class1901"><span class="text_class41"> b. The effect of output sound</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1902"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1903"><span class="text_class1904"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to judge priority of resources when there are two or more resources on same sound type on same zone. System judges the providing resource by priority of resources that is related to role.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1905"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1906"><span class="text_class1907"><span class="text_class41">* Boundary of the role between Policy Manager and application.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1908"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/a2b5a215-c7c4-4f00-b9b1-6fc1e295824b_url_f6dda64a-3216-4c55-9c8e-49f981e26715.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1909"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1910"><span class="text_class1911"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-12: Boundary of role (Case of reverse)</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1912"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1913"><span class="text_class1914"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to manage order of the owner request. Because system should provide a mechanism to hold the request until the request is approved.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1915"><span class="text_class1916"><span class="text_class41">For example, if current playing interrupt sound completed, select the next play interrupt sound from request history based on the priority.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1917"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1918"><span class="text_class1919"><span class="text_class41">(3) GUI Resource Control</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1920"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1921"><span class="text_class1922"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1923"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1924"><span class="text_class1925"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1926"><span class="text_class1927"><span class="text_class41"> a. Mute / Unmute</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1928"><span class="text_class1929"><span class="text_class41"> b. Change zone</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1930"><span class="text_class1931"><span class="text_class41">The receive request must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1932"><span class="text_class1933"><span class="text_class41">i. Stream ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1934"><span class="text_class1935"><span class="text_class41">ii. Device</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1936"><span class="text_class1937"><span class="text_class41">In the case of multi-channel speaker, the receive request should include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1938"><span class="text_class1939"><span class="text_class41">iii. Channel ID</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1940"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1941"><span class="text_class1942"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to set the below effect of the sound to other system.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1943"><span class="text_class1944"><span class="text_class41"> a. The effect at the transition </span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1945"><span class="text_class1946"><span class="text_class41">b. The effect of output sound </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1947"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="44"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.3.2.3 Input Resource</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1948"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1949"><span class="text_class1950"><span class="text_class41">(1) External Condition Collection</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1951"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1952"><span class="text_class1953"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the definition that is used judgment of resource owner.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1954"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1955"><span class="text_class1956"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the input device information. Because system uses input device information with to control input event to other system. The receive information must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1957"><span class="text_class1958"><span class="text_class41">a. ID</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1959"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1960"><span class="text_class1961"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the event type definition. Because system uses input device definition with to control input event to other system. The receive definition must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1962"><span class="text_class1963"><span class="text_class41">a. ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1964"><span class="text_class1965"><span class="text_class41">b. Related event IDs</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1966"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1967"><span class="text_class1968"><span class="text_class41">(2) Judgment of Priority of GUI resource</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1969"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1970"><span class="text_class1971"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to assign resource owner to the requested resource according to external condition. This means that system judges the providing resource.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1972"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1973"><span class="text_class1974"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to receive the owner request. System must be able to receive request during system running.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1975"><span class="text_class1976"><span class="text_class41">The receive request must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1977"><span class="text_class1978"><span class="text_class41">a. Input device ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1979"><span class="text_class1980"><span class="text_class41">b. Event type ID</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1981"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1982"><span class="text_class1983"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to judge whether to accept request according to the limitation routing rule of policy DB.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1984"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1985"><span class="text_class1986"><span class="text_class41">(3) GUI Resource Control</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1987"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1988"><span class="text_class1989"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to issue the resource control according to judgment.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class1990"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class1991"><span class="text_class1992"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to issue the following resource control.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1993"><span class="text_class1994"><span class="text_class41"> a. Set the routing rule</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1995"><span class="text_class1996"><span class="text_class41">The receive request must include as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1997"><span class="text_class1998"><span class="text_class41">i. Input device ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class1999"><span class="text_class2000"><span class="text_class41">ii. Event type ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2001"><span class="text_class2002"><span class="text_class41">The receive request must include either as follows.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2003"><span class="text_class2004"><span class="text_class41">iii. The allowed application</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2005"><span class="text_class2006"><span class="text_class41">iv. The denied application</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2007"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2008"><span class="text_class2009"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to set the following information.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2010"><span class="text_class2011"><span class="text_class41"> a. Application that has active surface</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2012"><span class="text_class2013"><span class="text_class41">System should notify the touch event from touch panel to user operating application. This feature is needed because there may be case that privilege application such as Homescreen changes the active surface.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2014"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="45"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.3.2.4 System Resources</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2015"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2016"><span class="text_class2017"><span class="text_class41">(1) External Condition Collection</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2018"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2019"><span class="text_class2020"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to collect external conditions to be used by Policy Manager to decide proper system resource.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2021"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2022"><span class="text_class2023"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager must detect creation and deletion of process.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2024"><span class="text_class2025"><span class="text_class41">To detect creation of process, Policy Manager can assign proper system resource to created process.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2026"><span class="text_class2027"><span class="text_class41">Also, to detect deletion of process, Policy Manager can assign resources of deleted process to other active processes.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2028"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2029"><span class="text_class2030"><span class="text_class41">To assign proper system resource to specific process, system must provide a mechanism to identify process’s role. In other words, Policy Manager must recognize the purpose of each active process.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2031"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2032"><span class="text_class2033"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager must detect current memory consumption periodically.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2034"><span class="text_class2035"><span class="text_class41">To detect current memory consumption, Policy Manager can control maximum memory to each process to prevent memory shortage. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which were thought as not so important process.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2036"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2037"><span class="text_class2038"><span class="text_class41">Policy Manager must detect current CPU consumption periodically.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2039"><span class="text_class2040"><span class="text_class41">To detect current CPU consumption, Policy Manager can control priority to each process to keep system performance. Also, Policy Manager may kill processes which seem to be in unexpected busy state.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2041"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2042"><span class="text_class2043"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to notify application status change to Policy Manager. Application status includes as below.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2044"><span class="text_class41">GUI resource status, such as foreground or background.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2045"><span class="text_class41">Resuming last status or not. When system starts up or log-in user changes, system must resume last status. In this case, Policy Manager should assign much resource to last application to resume quickly as much as possible.</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2046"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2047"><span class="text_class2048"><span class="text_class41">(2) System Resource Control</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2049"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2050"><span class="text_class2051"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to change assigned system resource per process or process group according to external conditions.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2052"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2053"><span class="text_class2054"><span class="text_class41">According to policy based decision, Policy Manager must assign proper system resource to target process or process group by using “Resource Control” of kernel layer. (typically cgroups will be used)</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2055"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2056"><span class="text_class2057"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to kill process or process group forcibly.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2058"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="46"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.3.2.5 Resource Management</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2059"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2060"><span class="text_class2061"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall consist of three functional components - Resource Manager, Policy Manager, Connection Manager.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2062"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2063"><span class="text_class2064"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall provide CORBA interfaces to rest of the components in the system.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2065"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2066"><span class="text_class2067"><span class="text_class41">Each resource request shall be in form a:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2068"><span class="text_class2069"><span class="text_class41">AppID,</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2070"><span class="text_class2071"><span class="text_class41">SourceID,</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2072"><span class="text_class2073"><span class="text_class41">RequestorZoneID,</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2074"><span class="text_class2075"><span class="text_class41">NeedAll Flag (to specify if all the resources need to be allocated ),</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2076"><span class="text_class2077"><span class="text_class41">Required Resource List.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2078"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2079"><span class="text_class2080"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Audio Sinks (eg: Cabin Speakers, HeadPhones)</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2081"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2082"><span class="text_class2083"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall be able to handle resource requests for Video Sinks (eg: Display)</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2084"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2085"><span class="text_class2086"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall be able to handle Source arbitration (Mic, WavPlayer instances, Tuners etc.)</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2087"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2088"><span class="text_class2089"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall be able to validate all the input parameters for a resource request from resource requestors.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2090"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2091"><span class="text_class2092"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall be able to keep track of all the available resources.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2093"><span class="text_class2094"><span class="text_class41">Use CCF data to identify all the resources that are possible in the system. (static identification)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2095"><span class="text_class2096"><span class="text_class41">Use dynamic registration by the resource owners to identify what resources out of the above list are available at a point of time in the system. (dynamic identification)</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2097"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2098"><span class="text_class2099"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall inform about resource availability and unavailability in the system through status update.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2100"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2101"><span class="text_class2102"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall support stacking/queuing of resource requests.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2103"><span class="text_class2104"><span class="text_class41">> Receive the requests from the resource requestors.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2105"><span class="text_class2106"><span class="text_class41">> Handle each request in chronological order and check for policy validation through Policy Manager.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2107"><span class="text_class2108"><span class="text_class41">> Add the validated requests into a priority queue.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2109"><span class="text_class2110"><span class="text_class41">> Process each request from the top of the queue for establishing the connection.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2111"><span class="text_class2112"><span class="text_class41">> If a request is still in the pending queue and the requestor requests to withdraw the request, it shall be removed from the queue.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2113"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2114"><span class="text_class2115"><span class="text_class41">Each request for resource shall be handled as an independent request irrespective of any earlier request by the same requestor. In case of multiple resources requested in a single request, it shall be treated as a single request and will be processed based on the request parameters.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2116"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2117"><span class="text_class2118"><span class="text_class41">If the NeedAll flag is set by the requestor, it shall either grant all the requested resources to the requestor or none of them shall be granted. There shall be no partial allocation of resources.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2119"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2120"><span class="text_class2121"><span class="text_class41">If the NeedAll flag is not set, it shall be able to do partial allocation of resources i.e. grant some/all of the resources requested by the requestor.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2122"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2123"><span class="text_class2124"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall provide an interface to a request owner to remove/withdraw an existing resource request.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2125"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2126"><span class="text_class2127"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall check for every requested resource against a pre-defined set of policies if the request can be served at this point of time or not. Below is a list of possible inputs for the policy decision:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2128"><span class="text_class2129"><span class="text_class41">> Currently Free or InUse Sink status</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2130"><span class="text_class2131"><span class="text_class41">> Who is the resource owner of the currently used sink resource (if it is in use)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2132"><span class="text_class2133"><span class="text_class41">> Priority of the new requestor compared to the currently using requestor.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2134"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2135"><span class="text_class2136"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall use the system state as an additional input to make a decision if a request can currently be serviced or not. Below system states can be taken as input to the policy decision:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2137"><span class="text_class2138"><span class="text_class41">> Based on the speed restriction setting for a specific region, a request can be granted/kept pending.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2139"><span class="text_class2140"><span class="text_class41">> Low Power Mode, Eco Mode, System errors shall also be used to make policy decisions.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2141"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2142"><span class="text_class2143"><span class="text_class41">At any point of time it shall maintain the following information for each ZONE for use by resource requestor:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2144"><span class="text_class2145"><span class="text_class41">> Zone ID</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2146"><span class="text_class2147"><span class="text_class41">> Allocated Source Instance</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2148"><span class="text_class2149"><span class="text_class41">> Allocated Sink Instance</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2150"><span class="text_class2151"><span class="text_class41">> Mute status</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2152"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2153"><span class="text_class2154"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall not consider requirements to achieve a specific feature functionality (e.g. : Lowering audio volume of rest of the sinks when a phone call is in progress) as an input to the resource management policy.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2155"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2156"><span class="text_class2157"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall not provide support for requirements to achieve a specific feature functionality (e.g.: Pausing a pausable source when phone call is in progress).</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2158"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2159"><span class="text_class2160"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall maintain priorities for all non-entertainment sources (eg: AMFM_TA, PHONE_NORMAL, NAV_VG, etc. shall all have priorities). In case two sources have same priority, the first requestor shall be granted a resource. In case of difference in priorities, the highest priority resource request shall be the one that is granted the resource.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2161"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2162"><span class="text_class2163"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall maintain same priority for all entertainment sources (eg: MP, DVD, AMFM_NORMAL, etc. shall all have the same priority). The last received Entertainment resource request will be the one that is granted the resource.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2164"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2165"><span class="text_class2166"><span class="text_class41">A valid (parameter and policy validated) resource request shall never be denied to the requestor. It shall either be granted or kept as a pending request in the priority queue.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2167"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2168"><span class="text_class2169"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall be responsible for reporting a broken resource status.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2170"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2171"><span class="text_class2172"><span class="text_class41">It shall be the responsibility of the resource requestor to remove the request from Resource Manager if the resource is no longer needed.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2173"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2174"><span class="text_class2175"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall assign a sink instance (the specific instance allocated out of all available instances of the requested sink type for a particular zone) to a resource request, once the request is granted against the set policy.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2176"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2177"><span class="text_class2178"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall maintain connection state of an already granted connection. Possible connection states are Active or Passive.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2179"><span class="text_class2180"><span class="text_class41">> When a source has the primary (master) control over a sink, the connection state will be active.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2181"><span class="text_class2182"><span class="text_class41">Ex: In normal mode, a driver requesting for AMFM source to Driver HeadPhone Sink connection.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2183"><span class="text_class2184"><span class="text_class41">> When a source has the secondary (slave) control over a sink, the connection state will be passive.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2185"><span class="text_class2186"><span class="text_class41">Ex: Driver using the AMFM source, at the same time the rear passenger requesting for same AMFM source on Rear headphone sink.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2187"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2188"><span class="text_class2189"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink connection using the underlying platform support.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2190"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2191"><span class="text_class2192"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink connection using the underlying platform support.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2193"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2194"><span class="text_class2195"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is removed/released.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2196"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2197"><span class="text_class2198"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute the audio sink when a connection is re-established and the active source is ready to use the sink for audio routing.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2199"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2200"><span class="text_class2201"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2202"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2203"><span class="text_class2204"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall inform the resource requestor when the sink is connected and ready to be used for audio routing.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2205"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2206"><span class="text_class2207"><span class="text_class41">Resource requestor needs to inform the Resource Manager when they are ready to start audio routing. This information shall be used to unmute the allocated sink.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2208"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2209"><span class="text_class2210"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall maintain the system connection table at any point of time. Connection table contains information regarding which sink is currently allocated to which source instance.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2211"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2212"><span class="text_class2213"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall support handling of change in behaviour based on Limo setting:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2214"><span class="text_class2215"><span class="text_class41">> Share the source between the Rear Seat headphone (Limo mode owner) and Cabin Speakers.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2216"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2217"><span class="text_class2218"><span class="text_class41">System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally 1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2219"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2220"><span class="text_class2221"><span class="text_class41">The number of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2222"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2223"><span class="text_class2224"><span class="text_class41">Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2225"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2226"><span class="text_class2227"><span class="text_class41">In case of Foreground sources and Tuner interrupt sources, any sink that is taken away from a source because of a high-priority interruption, need to be returned back to the previous source (if the request from the previous source is still valid and it's the next highest priority request).</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2228"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2229"><span class="text_class2230"><span class="text_class41">As part of requirement to improve connection handling efficiency, it shall have exceptions to not disconnect the active connection while switching between any Tuner Source-Sink Background connection to another Tuner Interrupt Source with same sink connection.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2231"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2232"><span class="text_class2233"><span class="text_class41">It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2234"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2235"><span class="text_class2236"><span class="text_class41">It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sources.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2237"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2238"><span class="text_class2239"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide the error state information about all resources to the Platform Error State Manager.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2240"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2241"><span class="text_class2242"><span class="text_class41">It shall inform the resource requestors in case the request is for an erroneous or faulty sink.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2243"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2244"><span class="text_class2245"><span class="text_class41">It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2246"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2247"><span class="text_class2248"><span class="text_class41">It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2249"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2250"><span class="text_class2251"><span class="text_class41">It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2252"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2253"><span class="text_class2254"><span class="text_class41">It shall support rules/exceptions (Blacklist) that define resource allocation strategy based on current system scenario.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2255"><span class="text_class2256"><span class="text_class41">E.g.: If there is a blacklist rule that says a Speech session shall not be allowed while phone call is in progress, then even if a FG sink is available, Speech shall be denied resources and kept as a pending request.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2257"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2258"><span class="text_class2259"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide an interface to receive Limo mode setting status.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2260"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2261"><span class="text_class2262"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide an interface to receive status when a rear-user selects to take Cabin control.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2263"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2264"><span class="text_class2265"><span class="text_class41">It shall use interfaces of early app to receive information if it's already using Audio/Video resources and update its internal status accordingly.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2266"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2267"><span class="text_class2268"><span class="text_class41">On any change in input to the Policy Manager (system state) it shall reevaluate all active connections and reconnect or disconnect if required.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2269"><span class="text_class2270"><span class="text_class41">E.g. An Amp gets disconnected, then all active connects have to be disconnected.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2271"><span class="text_class2272"><span class="text_class41">Once the Amp gets reconnected, the connection info shall be reevaluated and final set of connections shall be rebuilt with Amp.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2273"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2274"><span class="text_class2275"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide CORBA interfaces to the Resource Manager.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2276"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2277"><span class="text_class2278"><span class="text_class41">It shall be responsible for connecting/building a new source-sink connection using the underlying platform support.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2279"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2280"><span class="text_class2281"><span class="text_class41">It shall be responsible for removing/releasing an existing source-sink connection using the underlying platform support.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2282"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2283"><span class="text_class2284"><span class="text_class41">It shall request to mute the audio sink before an existing connection is removed/released.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2285"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2286"><span class="text_class2287"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide an interface to unmute an audio sink.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2288"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2289"><span class="text_class2290"><span class="text_class41">System shall support 4 ForegroundBeep sinks and 2 ForegroundSpeech sinks. 2 additional sinks are reserved for Engine noise synthesis which is outside the scope of this document. Additionally 1 FG speech sink and 1 FG beep sink is reserved for future use by ISC.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2291"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2292"><span class="text_class2293"><span class="text_class41">The no. of sinks supported by the system shall be configurable through LCF parameter.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2294"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2295"><span class="text_class2296"><span class="text_class41">It shall inform Resource Manager about a errors/failure in any of the existing sinks.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2297"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2298"><span class="text_class2299"><span class="text_class41">Headphones shall not be required to support any foreground sinks.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2300"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2301"><span class="text_class2302"><span class="text_class41">It shall wait for the application manager to notify it to prepare for shutdown.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2303"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2304"><span class="text_class2305"><span class="text_class41">It shall interact with the data storage manager to access (read and write) persistence data.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2306"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2307"><span class="text_class2308"><span class="text_class41">It shall interact with the data storage manager to access CCF data.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2309"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="47"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">4.1.4 Sound Manager</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2310"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2311"><span class="text_class2312"><span class="text_class41">A sound manager is a mechanism in which a sound output demand in two or more zones from two or more applications is arbitrated, an audio server manages control of a sound output and a policy manager manages a mediation rule.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2313"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class2314"><span class="text_class2315"><span class="text_class2316"><span class="text_class41">A zone is a place in the car divided by the purpose of output power of sound like a driver zone, a passenger zone, and a rear seat zone. Each zone can play at the same time. Refer to "Sound resource" of "7.1.1.2 (2) Role" of "7.1 Policy Manager" for the details of a zone.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2317"><span class="text_class2318"><span class="text_class2319"><span class="text_class41">Applications that play and capture audio via the audio server, applications that control things like volume and routing via the audio server, and a policy manager that works with the audio server to implement automatic audio policies.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2320"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="48"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.4.1 Use Case</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2321"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2322"><span class="text_class2323"><span class="text_class41">Please refer “sound resource control” of Policy Manger section.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2324"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2325"><span class="text_class2326"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-14 describes the role of sound manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2327"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2328"><span class="text_class2329"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-15 : Role of Resource Control</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2330"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2331 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2332"><span class="text_class2333"><span class="text_class2334"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2335 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2336"><span class="text_class2337"><span class="text_class2338"><span class="text_class41">Role</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2339 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2340"><span class="text_class2341"><span class="text_class2342"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2331 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2343"><span class="text_class2344"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2335 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2345"><span class="text_class2346"><span class="text_class41">Routing sound streams</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2339 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2347"><span class="text_class2348"><span class="text_class41">To route each sound stream to proper zone(s).</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2331 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2349"><span class="text_class2350"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2335 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2351"><span class="text_class2352"><span class="text_class41">Mixing level control</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2339 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2353"><span class="text_class2354"><span class="text_class41">Mixing two or more sound streams after volume control of each sound streams.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2331 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2355"><span class="text_class2356"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2335 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2357"><span class="text_class2358"><span class="text_class41">Sound effect</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2339 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2359"><span class="text_class2360"><span class="text_class41">Provide a capability of sound effect as follows,</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2361"><span class="text_class41">When changing sound stream. E.g. fade-in, fade-out and cross-fade.</span></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2331 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2362"><span class="text_class2363"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2335 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2364"><span class="text_class2365"><span class="text_class41">Reduced dependency of hardware</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2339 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2366"><span class="text_class2367"><span class="text_class41">Provide well-defined interface to reduce dependency of hardware. Well-defined interface also makes it possible to increase the effect of portability and development cost.</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2368"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="49"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.4.2 </span><span class="text_class2369"><span class="text_class41">Requirements</span></span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2370"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="50"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.4.2.1 </span><span class="text_class2371"><span class="text_class41">Routing Sound Streams</span></span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2372"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2373"><span class="text_class2374"><span class="text_class2375"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to manage sound “zone”.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2376"><span class="text_class2377"><span class="text_class2378"><span class="text_class41">Refer to "(2) Sound resource" of "7.3.1.2.2 Role" of "7.3 Policy Manager" for the details of a zone and how to manage zone.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2379"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2380"><span class="text_class2381"><span class="text_class2382"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to manage one or more connected sound devices, and each channels of each sound device.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2383"><span class="text_class2384"><span class="text_class2385"><span class="text_class41">One or more sound devices are usually connected to a system, and each sound device consists of one or more channels. And each channel outputs the sound of a monophonic recording.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2386"><span class="text_class2387"><span class="text_class2388"><span class="text_class41">For example, as for a stereo sound, a speaker is connected to each of two channels, and it is arranged at the driver side of a car, and the passenger seat side. If a telephone call is got when outputting stereo music from both of speakers, only the channel of a driver side needs to lower musical volume, and needs to mix and output the sound of a telephone (to louder sound than music). For this reason, the system needs to recognize and control each channel of each sound device.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2389"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2390"><span class="text_class2391"><span class="text_class2392"><span class="text_class41">The system must determine the route which outputs two or more sound streams to two or more zones.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2393"><span class="text_class2394"><span class="text_class2395"><span class="text_class41">Although the output place zone of a sound stream may change dynamically according to the present state of vehicles and a policy manager makes the decision, sound manager requires the mechanism in which a route is smoothly changed based on the determination of policy manager.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2396"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2397"><span class="text_class2398"><span class="text_class2399"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to manage two or more sound zone as grouped zone.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2400"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2401"><span class="text_class2402"><span class="text_class2403"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to do volume control for specific zone.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2404"><span class="text_class2405"><span class="text_class2406"><span class="text_class41">All the sound outputted to a certain zone is adjusted by the volume of the zone.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2407"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2408"><span class="text_class2409"><span class="text_class2410"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to control sound stream.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2411"><span class="text_class2412"><span class="text_class2413"><span class="text_class41">Control of a sound stream is as follows.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2414"><span class="text_class2415"><span class="text_class41">Mute/unmute: System must provide a mechanism to do mute or unmute to any sound stream.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2416"><span class="text_class2417"><span class="text_class41">Suspend/resume: System must provide a mechanism to suspend or resume to any sound stream.</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class2418"><span class="text_class2419"><span class="text_class2420"><span class="text_class41">Volume control: System must provide a mechanism to change volume to any sound stream.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2421"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="51"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.4.2.2 Mixing Level Control</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2422"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2423"><span class="text_class2424"><span class="text_class2425"><span class="text_class41">The system must offer the mechanism for arbitrating two or more sound streams outputted to the same zone according to a policy manager's arbitration.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2426"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2427"><span class="text_class2428"><span class="text_class2429"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to do mixing after volume control of each sound streams.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2430"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2431"><span class="text_class2432"><span class="text_class2433"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to attenuate sound volume when other sound stream requested to play into same sound zone.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2434"><span class="text_class2435"><span class="text_class2436"><span class="text_class41">In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to return to the volume before attenuating the volume of a sound stream when interrupted sound stream was ended.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2437"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2438"><span class="text_class2439"><span class="text_class2440"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to mute sound volume when other sound stream requested to play into same sound zone.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2441"><span class="text_class2442"><span class="text_class2443"><span class="text_class41">In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to unmute sound volume when interrupted sound stream was ended.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2444"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2445"><span class="text_class2446"><span class="text_class2447"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to suspend sound stream playback when other sound stream requested to play into same sound zone.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2448"><span class="text_class2449"><span class="text_class2450"><span class="text_class41">In this case, system must also provide a mechanism to resume playback when interrupted sound stream was ended.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2451"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="52"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.4.2.3 Sound Effect</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2452"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2453"><span class="text_class2454"><span class="text_class2455"><span class="text_class41">When sound stream was changed, system must provide a mechanism to do sound effect.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2456"><span class="text_class2457"><span class="text_class2458"><span class="text_class41">System must provide typical sound effect such as fade in and fade out.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2459"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2460"><span class="text_class2461"><span class="text_class2462"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to add, replace and delete sound effect easily by using plugin architecture.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2463"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="53"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.4.2.4 Reduced Dependency of Hardware</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2464"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2465"><span class="text_class2466"><span class="text_class2467"><span class="text_class41">Sound Manager must be able to retrieve system structure regarding sound device and channels of each device. And the system must enable addition/deletion of a sound device by the means which does not need rebuild of systems, such as a configuration.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2468"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="54"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">4.1.5 Input Manager</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2469"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2470"><span class="text_class2471"><span class="text_class41">The Input Manager provides a capability to deliver input events to the proper application depending on request from Policy Manager. Policy Manager will decide event target per each input area. Also, the IVI system may use various car-oriented input devices such as steering switch. Input manager provides a capability to abstract such kind of input event.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2472"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="55"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.5.1 Use Case</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2473"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2474"><span class="text_class2475"><span class="text_class41">Please refer “input resource control” of Policy Manger section.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2476"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2477"><span class="text_class2478"><span class="text_class41">By the way, associated input devices are listed below.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2479"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2480 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2481"><span class="text_class2482"><span class="text_class2483"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2485 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class2486"><span class="text_class2487"><span class="text_class2488"><span class="text_class41">Input type</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2490 cell_class2489"><p class="paragraph_class2491"><span class="text_class2492"><span class="text_class2493"><span class="text_class41">Associated device</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2495 cell_class2494"><p class="paragraph_class2496"><span class="text_class2497"><span class="text_class2498"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2480 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2499"><span class="text_class2500"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2485 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class2501"><span class="text_class2502"><span class="text_class41">Key</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2490 cell_class2489"><p class="paragraph_class2503"><span class="text_class2504"><span class="text_class41">Steering switch</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2495 cell_class2494"><p class="paragraph_class2505"><span class="text_class2506"><span class="text_class41">Simple key event.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2507"><span class="text_class2508"><span class="text_class41">Deliver to application.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2480 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2509"><span class="text_class2510"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2485 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class2511"><span class="text_class2512"><span class="text_class41">Keyboard</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2490 cell_class2489"><p class="paragraph_class2513"><span class="text_class2514"><span class="text_class41">Virtual keyboard</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2495 cell_class2494"><p class="paragraph_class2515"><span class="text_class2516"><span class="text_class41">Keyboard event.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2517"><span class="text_class2518"><span class="text_class41">Deliver to application, then use input method backend if needed.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2480 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2519"><span class="text_class2520"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2485 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class2521"><span class="text_class2522"><span class="text_class41">Touch</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2490 cell_class2489"><p class="paragraph_class2523"><span class="text_class2524"><span class="text_class41">Touch panel</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2495 cell_class2494"><p class="paragraph_class2525"><span class="text_class2526"><span class="text_class41">Touch event, such as start, stop and move.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2527"><span class="text_class2528"><span class="text_class41">Also supports double click and multi-touch capability.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2529"><span class="text_class2530"><span class="text_class41">Deliver to application.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2480 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2531"><span class="text_class2532"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2485 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class2533"><span class="text_class2534"><span class="text_class41">Sound</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2490 cell_class2489"><p class="paragraph_class2535"><span class="text_class2536"><span class="text_class41">Microphone</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2495 cell_class2494"><p class="paragraph_class2537"><span class="text_class2538"><span class="text_class41">Sound input.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2539"><span class="text_class2540"><span class="text_class41">Deliver to application or voice recognition engine.</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2541"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2542"><span class="text_class2543"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-14 describes the role of input manager to be satisfied above purpose and use cases.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2544"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2545"><span class="text_class2546"><span class="text_class2547"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-14 : Role of Resource Control</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2548"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2549 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2550"><span class="text_class2551"><span class="text_class2552"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2553 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2554"><span class="text_class2555"><span class="text_class2556"><span class="text_class41">Role</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2557 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2558"><span class="text_class2559"><span class="text_class2560"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2549 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2561"><span class="text_class2562"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2553 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2563"><span class="text_class2564"><span class="text_class41">Abstract device event</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2557 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2565"><span class="text_class2566"><span class="text_class41">Provide capability to abstract from device event to application readable event name, such as “volume up” and “right arrow”.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2549 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2567"><span class="text_class2568"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2553 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2569"><span class="text_class2570"><span class="text_class41">Event delivery</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2557 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2571"><span class="text_class2572"><span class="text_class41">Provide capability to deliver input event to specified application.</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2573"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="56"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.5.2 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2574"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="57"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.5.3 Abstract Device Event</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2575"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2576"><span class="text_class2577"><span class="text_class2578"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to re-configuration regarding input devices without re-build.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2579"><span class="text_class2580"><span class="text_class2581"><span class="text_class41">Because, connected input devices may different by car grade, car type, destination and optional equipment.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2582"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="58"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.5.4 Event Delivery</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2583"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2584"><span class="text_class2585"><span class="text_class2586"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2587"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2588"><span class="text_class2589"><span class="text_class2590"><span class="text_class41">System must provide an interface to apply event delivery rule by using attribute pair “device id” and “destination application id”.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2591"><span class="text_class2592"><span class="text_class2593"><span class="text_class41">Device id specifies a logical device name. Logical device name will link to physical device by UIM.2.1.2.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2594"><span class="text_class2595"><span class="text_class2596"><span class="text_class41">Also, system must provide a mechanism to change event delivery rule dynamically.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2597"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2598"><span class="text_class2599"><span class="text_class2600"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to link between logical device name and physical device.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2601"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2602"><span class="text_class2603"><span class="text_class2604"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to deliver any input event to any application depending on delivery rule defined in UIM.2.1.1.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2605"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2606"><span class="text_class2607"><span class="text_class2608"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to inhibit any event delivery.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2609"><span class="text_class2610"><span class="text_class2611"><span class="text_class41">This function makes it possible to restrict input event during driving mode.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2612"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="59"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6 User Manager</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2613"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="60"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6.1 Use Case</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2614"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="61"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6.2 Personal Identification</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2615"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2616"><span class="text_class2617"><span class="text_class41">User manager provides multi-user environment. A car may be used by two or more people, and a person may use two or more cars, by using rent-a-car, for example.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2618"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="62"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6.3 User Preference</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2619"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2620"><span class="text_class2621"><span class="text_class41">Multi-user environment provides same user experience for each user.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2622"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2623"><span class="text_class2624"><span class="text_class41">Also, multi-user aims seamless personal data sharing not only between cars but also including other devices such as smartphones and smart TVs. Furthermore, it will include seamless data sharing from your home and your office.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2625"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2626"><span class="text_class2627"><span class="text_class41">Identify the person, and log-in to the IVI system as a specified user. Personal identify may be provided by traditional user name and password pair, smart key or biometrics.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2628"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2629"><span class="text_class2630"><span class="text_class41">Once a user has logged-in to IVI system, IVI system should provide personalized user experience. For example, Bob uses English, but Alice uses French. Also, Bob likes rock-music, but Alice likes classic-music. In this case, English and rock-music should be selected when Bob is logged-in, and Japanese and classic-music should be selected when Alice is logged-in.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2631"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/2b64aebc-edd6-4ebd-917c-a21fcf10c028_url_460845f7-d2c9-4008-a57f-06453b5f987a.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2632"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2633"><span class="text_class2634"><span class="text_class2635"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-24 : Provide Logged-in User’s UE (User Experience)</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2636"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="63"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6.4 Rent-a-car and/or Replacing a Car</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2637"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2638"><span class="text_class2639"><span class="text_class41">When Bob uses a rent-a-car, same preference should be adapted as if he rode his own car. If Bob’s preference was stored in a cloud, then this can be supported. However, security is important in this scenario. For example, Bob must not be able to access to other user’s preference.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2640"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/497627e6-2fb5-4fbc-87aa-33ac3c339473_url_1b432ab1-c604-4f53-963c-713852d7e2d9.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2641"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2642"><span class="text_class2643"><span class="text_class2644"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-25 : User data sharing between cars</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2645"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="64"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6.5 Seamless Data Sharing</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2646"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2647"><span class="text_class2648"><span class="text_class41">Cloud-based user data syncing will enable seamless data sharing between IVI systems and smart-phones, home networks and accessing from your offices.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2649"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/d055a169-d7d1-430d-8391-db0cfbb16c78_url_4896313a-e731-4411-a0a8-db3edf10082a.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2650"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2651"><span class="text_class2652"><span class="text_class2653"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-26 : User data sharing over the cars</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2654"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="65"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6.6 Role</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2655"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2656"><span class="text_class2657"><span class="text_class2658"><span class="text_class41">Error! Reference source not found.</span></span></span><span class="text_class2659"><span class="text_class41"> describes the role of the User Manager to satisfy the above purpose and use cases.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2660"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2661"><span class="text_class2662"><span class="text_class2663"><span class="text_class41">Table 7-17 : Role of User Manager</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2664"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2665 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2666"><span class="text_class2667"><span class="text_class2668"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2669 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2670"><span class="text_class2671"><span class="text_class2672"><span class="text_class41">Role</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2673 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2674"><span class="text_class2675"><span class="text_class2676"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2665 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2677"><span class="text_class2678"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2669 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2679"><span class="text_class2680"><span class="text_class41">User identification</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2673 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2681"><span class="text_class2682"><span class="text_class41">Provide a mechanism to identify user, such as user name and password pair, smart key and biometrics.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2683"><span class="text_class2684"><span class="text_class41">Provide a mechanism to log-in to the IVI system as a specified user.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2685"><span class="text_class2686"><span class="text_class41">When a different user logs in, proper user preference for the user must be applied, and resume last state of corresponding user.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2687"><span class="text_class2688"><span class="text_class41">Also, each application can store application’s data per user. In such cases, proper user data must be applied when a different user logs in.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2665 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2689"><span class="text_class2690"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2669 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2691"><span class="text_class2692"><span class="text_class41">User preference</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2673 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2693"><span class="text_class2694"><span class="text_class41">Provide a mechanism to apply user preference of logged-in user.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2695"><span class="text_class2696"><span class="text_class41">User preference includes the following data.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2697"><span class="text_class41">User interface, such as locale and wall-paper.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2698"><span class="text_class41">Resume last application’s status of specified user.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2699"><span class="text_class41">Application specific data.</span></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2665 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2700"><span class="text_class2701"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2669 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2702"><span class="text_class2703"><span class="text_class41">User data management</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2673 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2704"><span class="text_class2705"><span class="text_class41">Provide a mechanism to manage cloud based user data.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2706"><span class="text_class2707"><span class="text_class41">The following capabilities are required.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2708"><span class="text_class41">Download user data of the logged-in user from the cloud.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2709"><span class="text_class41">Update cloud data if the user data was updated by user operation or otherwise.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2710"><span class="text_class41">Periodically sync-up w/ cloud because user data may be updated by other devices.</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class2711"><span class="text_class2712"><span class="text_class41">In addition to the above basic capabilities, user data cache is essential for a car, since a car may not always have a reliable network connection. </span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2665 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class2713"><span class="text_class2714"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2669 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class2715"><span class="text_class2716"><span class="text_class41">Security</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class2673 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class2717"><span class="text_class2718"><span class="text_class41">Because cloud based sharing user data may be accessed from any place, user data must be protected from unexpected data access.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2719"><span class="text_class2720"><span class="text_class41">So, IVI system must provide security mechanism regarding accessing to cloud based user data.</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2721"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="66"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6.7 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2722"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="67"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6.7.1 </span><span class="text_class2723"><span class="text_class41">User Identification</span></span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2724"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2725"><span class="text_class2726"><span class="text_class2727"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2728"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2729"><span class="text_class2730"><span class="text_class2731"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to enter user name and password, and verify password to identify logged-in user.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2732"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2733"><span class="text_class2734"><span class="text_class2735"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to read smart key attribute to identify logged-in user. For example, using NFC.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2736"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2737"><span class="text_class2738"><span class="text_class2739"><span class="text_class41">System should provide a mechanism to identify logged-in user by using biometrics.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2740"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="68"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6.7.2 </span><span class="text_class2741"><span class="text_class41">User Preference</span></span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2742"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2743"><span class="text_class2744"><span class="text_class2745"><span class="text_class41">When a logged-in user is identified, system must apply user preference depending on the currently logged-in user.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2746"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2747"><span class="text_class2748"><span class="text_class2749"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to apply personalized user experience as follows.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2750"><span class="text_class2751"><span class="text_class41">- </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class2752"><span class="text_class2753"><span class="text_class41">Locale settings</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2754"><span class="text_class2755"><span class="text_class41">- </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class2756"><span class="text_class2757"><span class="text_class41">UX theme</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2758"><span class="text_class2759"><span class="text_class2760"><span class="text_class41">Wall paper</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2761"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2762"><span class="text_class2763"><span class="text_class2764"><span class="text_class41">System must provide an easy mechanism to add plugin function and/or attribute of personalized user experience.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2765"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2766"><span class="text_class2767"><span class="text_class2768"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to switch application data per user, and apply logged-in user’s application data automatically.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2769"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2770"><span class="text_class2771"><span class="text_class2772"><span class="text_class41">When user is identified and logged-in, the system must apply last status of logged-in user. Last status refers to the status of the system as the current logged-in user has last logged-out of the system. Specifically, last status includes the following.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2773"><span class="text_class2774"><span class="text_class41">- </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class2775"><span class="text_class2776"><span class="text_class41">Foreground applications. That means displayed applications.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2777"><span class="text_class2778"><span class="text_class2779"><span class="text_class41">Background applications.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2780"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2781"><span class="text_class2782"><span class="text_class2783"><span class="text_class41">When user logs in for the first time, the system must apply user preference for new log-in user.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2784"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2785"><span class="text_class2786"><span class="text_class2787"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to apply default preference attributes for new log-in user.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2788"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2789"><span class="text_class2790"><span class="text_class2791"><span class="text_class41">System must provide default preference attributes and HMI to apply for first time log-in user.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2792"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="69"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6.7.3 </span><span class="text_class2793"><span class="text_class41">User Data Management</span></span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2794"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2795"><span class="text_class2796"><span class="text_class2797"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to manage user data.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2798"><span class="text_class2799"><span class="text_class2800"><span class="text_class41">AGL defines “user data” as a general term which includes all the data necessary to realize user preference.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2801"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2802"><span class="text_class2803"><span class="text_class2804"><span class="text_class41">User data shall be stored in the cloud. The cloud provides user data not only to IVI systems but also other systems and/or devices such as smartphones, Home-PCs, business-PCs, HEMS and home electronics.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2805"><span class="text_class2806"><span class="text_class2807"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to apply user preference and to supply user data to application by using cloud based user data.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2808"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2809"><span class="text_class2810"><span class="text_class2811"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to download cloud based user data and apply it as user data of the IVI system.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2812"><span class="text_class2813"><span class="text_class2814"><span class="text_class41">When user data is updated in the IVI system, then the system must upload updated user data to the cloud.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2815"><span class="text_class2816"><span class="text_class2817"><span class="text_class41">Also, since other device or system may update shared user data elsewhere, system must provide a mechanism to sync with the cloud periodically to keep user data in the IVI system up-to-date.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2818"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2819"><span class="text_class2820"><span class="text_class2821"><span class="text_class41">Because the IVI system is not necessarily connected to a network, the system must provide a mechanism to cache downloaded user data.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2822"><span class="text_class2823"><span class="text_class2824"><span class="text_class41">If the IVI system re-connected to a network, system must sync with the cloud as soon as possible.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2825"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="70"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">4.1.6.7.4 </span><span class="text_class2826"><span class="text_class41">Security</span></span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2827"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2828"><span class="text_class2829"><span class="text_class2830"><span class="text_class41">Because user data may include personal information, system must provide a mechanism to protect user data from risks including but not limited to leakage, tampering and theft.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2831"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2832"><span class="text_class2833"><span class="text_class2834"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to protect user data when accessing to the cloud.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2835"><span class="text_class2836"><span class="text_class41">- </span></span><span class="text_class2837"><span class="text_class2838"><span class="text_class41">System must authenticate communication entity. In other words, IVI system must authenticate cloud server, and cloud server must authenticate client such as IVI system, smartphone or PC.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2839"><span class="text_class2840"><span class="text_class41">- </span></span><span class="text_class2841"><span class="text_class2842"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to encrypt transported data via a network.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2843"><span class="text_class2844"><span class="text_class41">- </span></span><span class="text_class2845"><span class="text_class2846"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to transport data via a network with protection against falsification of data from unauthorized access or illegal access.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2847"><span class="text_class2848"><span class="text_class41">- </span></span><span class="text_class2849"><span class="text_class2850"><span class="text_class41">Cloud server must provide a mechanism to authenticate individual user, and provide user data only to the authorized user.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2851"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2852"><span class="text_class2853"><span class="text_class2854"><span class="text_class41">Because, two or more user’s user data may be stored in IVI system as a cache, system must provide a mechanism to protect cache data from other users. The protection of cached data to include not only the current multi-user environment risk, but also the risk of attacks against cached data. In other words, only logged-in user’s cache data can be accessed.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2855"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="71"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">4.2 Web HMI</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2856"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2857"><span class="text_class2858"><span class="text_class2859"><span class="text_class41">Web based HMI. Contains applications, web runtime environment, and web-based home screen.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2860"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="72"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">4.2.1 Web API</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2861"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2862"><span class="text_class2863"><span class="text_class2864"><span class="text_class41">It is discussed that HMI parts of IVI system will be developed using HTML5. APIs to use service function in IVI system from web applications is needed. </span></span><span class="text_class2865"><span class="text_class41">Audio Visual API provides APIs for audio visual equipment control to web applications.</span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class2866"><span class="text_class41">(e.g. Media files on storage, CD, DVD, BT-Audio, Photo, etc.)</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class2867"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class2868"><span class="text_class2869"><span class="text_class2870"><span class="text_class41">Web applications use Audio Visual API to play audio visual contents on IVI system. Use case of Audio Visual API is shown in Figure 6-1.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2871"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/74492594-79ed-471f-837f-462aa2c84ee9_url_3d199c49-5ada-4517-9681-83e02544fc68.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2872"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2873"><span class="text_class2874"><span class="text_class2875"><span class="text_class41">Figure 6-1: Use case of Audio Visual API</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2876"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="73"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.2.1.1 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2877"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2878"><span class="text_class2879"><span class="text_class2880"><span class="text_class41">Audio Visual API must provide API to select Audio Visual contents.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2881"><span class="text_class2882"><span class="text_class41">Select content using URL</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2883"><span class="text_class2884"><span class="text_class2885"><span class="text_class41">Select content using contents list provided by multimedia subsystem</span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2886"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2887"><span class="text_class2888"><span class="text_class2889"><span class="text_class41">Audio Visual API must provide API to playback Audio Visual contents. (Media file on storage, CD, DVD, BT-Audio, Photo, etc.)</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2890"><span class="text_class2891"><span class="text_class41">Play</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2892"><span class="text_class2893"><span class="text_class41">Pause</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2894"><span class="text_class2895"><span class="text_class41">Fast-forward</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2896"><span class="text_class2897"><span class="text_class41">Rewind</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2898"><span class="text_class2899"><span class="text_class41">Track up</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2900"><span class="text_class2901"><span class="text_class41">Track down</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2902"><span class="text_class2903"><span class="text_class2904"><span class="text_class2905"><span class="text_class41">Select playmode (Repeat/Random)</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2906"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2907"><span class="text_class2908"><span class="text_class2909"><span class="text_class41">Audio Visual API must provide API to control a volume.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2910"><span class="text_class2911"><span class="text_class41">Volume up</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2912"><span class="text_class2913"><span class="text_class41">Volume down</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2914"><span class="text_class2915"><span class="text_class2916"><span class="text_class2917"><span class="text_class41">Mute</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2918"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2919"><span class="text_class2920"><span class="text_class2921"><span class="text_class41">Audio Visual API must provide API for metadata access about Audio Visual contents.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2922"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2923"><span class="text_class2924"><span class="text_class2925"><span class="text_class41">Audio Visual API must provide API for notifications.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2926"><span class="text_class2927"><span class="text_class41">The case that playback state is changed</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2928"><span class="text_class2929"><span class="text_class2930"><span class="text_class2931"><span class="text_class41">The case that Audio Visual contents is add / removed</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2932"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2933"><span class="text_class2934"><span class="text_class2935"><span class="text_class41">Audio Visual API must provide API to play AM/FM radio.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2936"><span class="text_class2937"><span class="text_class41">Change the frequency.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2938"><span class="text_class2939"><span class="text_class41">Change the broadcasting stations.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2940"><span class="text_class2941"><span class="text_class41">Receive the list of broadcasting stations.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2942"><span class="text_class2943"><span class="text_class41">Select the preset channel.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2944"><span class="text_class2945"><span class="text_class41">Get the information of the broadcasting station.</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class2946"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class2947"><span class="text_class2948"><span class="text_class2949"><span class="text_class41">Audio Visual API must provide API to play digital radio.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2950"><span class="text_class2951"><span class="text_class41">Store the broadcast program information.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2952"><span class="text_class2953"><span class="text_class41">Get the broadcast program information.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2954"><span class="text_class2955"><span class="text_class41">Get the play time.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class2956"><span class="text_class2957"><span class="text_class2958"><span class="text_class2959"><span class="text_class41">Play the radio broadcast cached.</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2960"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2961"><span class="text_class2962"><span class="text_class2963"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support a web API to access Vehicle information.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2964"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2965"><span class="text_class2966"><span class="text_class2967"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support web API to control STT/TTS daemon.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2968"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2969"><span class="text_class2970"><span class="text_class2971"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support web API to control navi engine.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2972"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2973"><span class="text_class2974"><span class="text_class2975"><span class="text_class41">AGL System needs to provide a Web API to allow peer to peer communication between two web apps.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2976"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2977"><span class="text_class2978"><span class="text_class2979"><span class="text_class41">AGL System needs to provide an API to allow peer to peer communication between a web app and a native app.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2980"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2981"><span class="text_class2982"><span class="text_class2983"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support access control over app to app communications. Service provider should be able to restrict subscriber.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2984"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2985"><span class="text_class2986"><span class="text_class2987"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 DOM, Forms and Styles.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2988"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2989"><span class="text_class2990"><span class="text_class2991"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Device APIs: Touch Events, Device Orientation, Network Information</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2992"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2993"><span class="text_class2994"><span class="text_class2995"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Graphics APIs: canvas, canvas 2D context, and SVG</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class2996"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class2997"><span class="text_class2998"><span class="text_class2999"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Media: audio and video tags, user media and web audio</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3000"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3001"><span class="text_class3002"><span class="text_class3003"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Communication APIs: websocket, web messaging, server sent events, session history of browsing context</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3004"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3005"><span class="text_class3006"><span class="text_class3007"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Storage APIs: Web storage, File, Database, Web SQL</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3008"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3009"><span class="text_class3010"><span class="text_class3011"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Security APIs: Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, HTML5 The iframe element, Content Security Policy 1.0.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3012"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3013"><span class="text_class3014"><span class="text_class3015"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 UI APIs: Clipboard, DnD, Web Notifications</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3016"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3017"><span class="text_class3018"><span class="text_class3019"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Performance APIs: Web workers, Page Visibility, Timing control, Navigation timing</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3020"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3021"><span class="text_class3022"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Location API: Geolocation</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3023"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3024"><span class="text_class3025"><span class="text_class3026"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support W3C/HTML5 Widget: Widget Packaging and XML Configuration, Widget Interface, XML Digital Signatures for Widgets, Widget Access Request Policy</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3027"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3028"><span class="text_class3029"><span class="text_class41">AGL System must support Khronos WebGL API.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3030"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="74"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">4.2.2 Web Runtime</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3031"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3032"><span class="text_class3033"><span class="text_class41">The Web Runtime module contains the bindings for the Web Application Framework to access the AGL Application Framework and Services.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3034"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="75"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.2.2.1 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3035"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3036"><span class="text_class3037"><span class="text_class41">AGL system Web Runtime shall provide full web application lifecycle management (e.g., installation/removal).</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3038"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3039"><span class="text_class3040"><span class="text_class41">AGL System Web Runtime shall provide full execution environment for web apps (i.e., launch, view generation, rendering, etc.)</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3041"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3042"><span class="text_class3043"><span class="text_class3044"><span class="text_class41">AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to implement plugins/extensions to add better device/platform integration.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3045"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3046"><span class="text_class3047"><span class="text_class3048"><span class="text_class41">AGL system Web Runtime shall provide a mechanism to manage apps' access control and also to categorize apps with different privileges.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3049"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3050"><span class="text_class3051"><span class="text_class3052"><span class="text_class41">System must provide high level GUI components for Web application.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3053"><span class="text_class3054"><span class="text_class3055"><span class="text_class41">At least, below components are required.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3056"><span class="text_class3057"><span class="text_class41">Text labels</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3058"><span class="text_class3059"><span class="text_class41">Button</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3060"><span class="text_class3061"><span class="text_class41">Radio button</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3062"><span class="text_class3063"><span class="text_class41">Check box</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3064"><span class="text_class3065"><span class="text_class41">Tab panel</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3066"><span class="text_class3067"><span class="text_class41">Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3068"><span class="text_class3069"><span class="text_class41">Slider</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3070"><span class="text_class3071"><span class="text_class41">Accordion list</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3072"><span class="text_class3073"><span class="text_class41">Anchor</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3074"><span class="text_class3075"><span class="text_class41">Text input form</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3076"><span class="text_class3077"><span class="text_class41">Dropdown list box</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3078"><span class="text_class3079"><span class="text_class3080"><span class="text_class3081"><span class="text_class41">Date picker</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3082"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="76"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">4.3 Native HMI</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3083"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3084"><span class="text_class3085"><span class="text_class41">The Native HMI provides an application framework for those applications that are not written using Javascript or other web technologies.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3086"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="77"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">4.3.1 Native App Runtime</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3087"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3088"><span class="text_class3089"><span class="text_class41">The Native Runtime module contains the bindings for the Native Application Framework to access the AGL Application Framework and Services.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3090"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="78"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">4.3.1.1 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3091"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3092"><span class="text_class3093"><span class="text_class3094"><span class="text_class41">System must provide high level GUI components for native application.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3095"><span class="text_class3096"><span class="text_class3097"><span class="text_class41">At least, below components are required.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3098"><span class="text_class3099"><span class="text_class41">Text labels</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3100"><span class="text_class3101"><span class="text_class41">Button</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3102"><span class="text_class3103"><span class="text_class41">Radio button</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3104"><span class="text_class3105"><span class="text_class41">Check box</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3106"><span class="text_class3107"><span class="text_class41">Tab panel</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3108"><span class="text_class3109"><span class="text_class41">Animation (e.g. MNG, GIF animation)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3110"><span class="text_class3111"><span class="text_class41">Slider</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3112"><span class="text_class3113"><span class="text_class41">Accordion list</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3114"><span class="text_class3115"><span class="text_class41">Anchor</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3116"><span class="text_class3117"><span class="text_class41">Text input form</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3118"><span class="text_class3119"><span class="text_class41">Dropdown list box</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3120"><span class="text_class3121"><span class="text_class3122"><span class="text_class3123"><span class="text_class41">Date picker</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3124"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="79"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">4.3.2 Native Application Framework</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3125"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3126"><span class="text_class3127"><span class="text_class41">The platform can support multiple application frameworks any of which may be built into an SDK or product build. The application framework contains any code specifically written for that framework as well the bindings to the Services and Operating Systems layers that the application framework provides for its applications. </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3128"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="80"><h1 class="paragraph_class34 1"><span class="text_class41">5 Services Layer</span></h1></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3129"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3130"><span class="text_class3131"><span class="text_class41">The Services Layer contains user space services that all applications can access. Generally the services provide either an IPC type interface or a subroutine/ function API. These interfaces remain the same for a given implementation and it is up to the Application Framework Runtime modules to provide access to these interfaces to the applications. Since we are trying to avoid unnecessary interface shims, it is not necessary for AGL to define standard service layer interfaces for a given module. Unless otherwise specified the API depends upon the interfaces provided by the open source packages chosen for a module. Different implementations may choose different packages for a given function and it is left to the Application Framework runtime to adjust to any new interfaces,</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3132"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="81"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">5.1 Platform Services</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3133"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3134"><span class="text_class3135"><span class="text_class41">Platform Services Layer. Conventional Linux platform services</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3136"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="82"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1 Bluetooth</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3137"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3138"><span class="text_class3139"><span class="text_class41">This document describes requirements regarding registration, (dis)connection and device information management between Bluetooth device and infotainment system. Necessary Bluetooth profiles in automotive use case are defined here.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3140"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="83"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3141"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3142"><span class="text_class3143"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall be designed to</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3144"><span class="text_class3145"><span class="text_class41">support a minimum of BT3.0+EDR, but shall be possible to upgrade to Bluetooth 4.0+EDR without hardware upgrade.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3146"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3147"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3148"><span class="text_class3149"><span class="text_class41">A Bluetooth hands-free system shall provide the following BT profiles:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3150"><span class="text_class41">Core 2.0 + EDR inc. GAP (Generic Access Profile)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3151"><span class="text_class41">HFP (Hands Free Profile)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3152"><span class="text_class41">OBEX (Object Exchange)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3153"><span class="text_class41">OPP (Object Push Profile)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3154"><span class="text_class41">PBAP (Phonebook Access Profile)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3155"><span class="text_class41">SPP (Serial Port Profile)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3156"><span class="text_class41">SDAP (Service Discovery Access Profile)</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class3157"><span class="text_class3158"><span class="text_class41">If the BT system is designed to operate with BT Media Players (E.g. control and stream music from), the system shall also support the following incremental BT profiles:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3159"><span class="text_class41">A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3160"><span class="text_class41">AVRCP (Audio Visual Remote Control Profile)</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3161"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3162"><span class="text_class3163"><span class="text_class41">The link key shall be minimum 128 bits. The encryption key is negotiated and shall be set at the highest supported value by the remote device. The Telephony system shall be capable of generating up to 128-bit encryption key. The Telephony system will not be the limiting device in encryption key length negotiation.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3164"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3165"><span class="text_class3166"><span class="text_class41">When implemented by the remote device Simple Secure Pairing 'Numeric comparison' method as default pairing mechanism. However when remote device is limited a configurable priority scheme will be adopted where the order of mechanisms will be determined at configuration time.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3167"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3168"><span class="text_class3169"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall provide Bluetooth Power Class 2. The operating range of Class 2 is 10 meters and maximum power is 2.5 mW (4 dBm).</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3170"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3171"><span class="text_class3172"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall have provision for 1, 3 and 5-slot packet transmission. It shall allow using five-slot packet transmission for faster data rate.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3173"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3174"><span class="text_class3175"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall use IrMC standards as directed by the BT specification. It is a standard from IrDA, including IrOBEX for object exchange including vCards, vCalendars, etc.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3176"><span class="text_class3177"><span class="text_class41">vCard is the electronic business card. It is used for Personal Data Interchange (PDI). vCards are often attached to e-mail messages, and can be exchanged on Instant Messaging. vCard contain name and address information, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3178"><span class="text_class3179"><span class="text_class41">vCard version 2.1 is widely adopted by e-mail clients. It contains FN, N, PHOTO, BDAY, ADR, LABEL, TEL, EMAIL, MAILER, TZ, GEO, TITLE, ROLE, Logo, Agent, ORG, NOTE, REV, SOUND, URL, UID, Version, and KEY properties.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3180"><span class="text_class3181"><span class="text_class41">vCard version 3.0 is IETF standards format. It is defined in following two parts:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3182"><span class="text_class3183"><span class="text_class41">MIME Content-Type for Directory Information</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3184"><span class="text_class3185"><span class="text_class41">vCard MIME Directory Profile</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3186"><span class="text_class3187"><span class="text_class41">It contains NICKNAME, CATEGORIES, PRODID, SORTSTRING and CLASS properties along with the vCard version 2.1 properties.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3188"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3189"><span class="text_class3190"><span class="text_class41">The touch-screen or head unit HMI must have the ability to delete a Bluetooth device and any associated data (E.g. phonebook, voicemail number) when required, even if the BT device list is not full.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3191"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3192"><span class="text_class3193"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall use SCO link for voice data if eSCO link is not supported else eSCO shall be used.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3194"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="84"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.1 Hands Free Profile</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3195"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3196"><span class="text_class3197"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall implement Hands-Free Profile (HFP) as per the hands-free Profile specification version 1.6 or later.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3198"><span class="text_class3199"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall enable a headset, or an embedded Hands-Free unit to connect, wirelessly, to a cellular phone for the purposes of acting as the cellular phone's audio input and output mechanism and allowing typical Telephony functions to be performed without access to the actual phone.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3200"><span class="text_class3201"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide following roles:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3202"><span class="text_class3203"><span class="text_class41">Hands-Free unit (HF)</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3204"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3205"><span class="text_class3206"><span class="text_class3207"><span class="text_class41">Table 19 : List of HFP supporting functions</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3208"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3209"><p class="paragraph_class3211"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class3212"><span class="text_class3213"><span class="text_class3214"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class3215"><p class="paragraph_class3217"><span class="text_class3218"><span class="text_class3219"><span class="text_class41">Feature</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3220"><p class="paragraph_class3222"><span class="text_class3223"><span class="text_class3224"><span class="text_class41">Support in HF</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3225"><p class="paragraph_class3227"><span class="text_class3228"><span class="text_class3229"><span class="text_class41">AGL</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3231"><span class="text_class3232"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3233"><span class="text_class3234"><span class="text_class41">Connection management</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3236"><span class="text_class3237"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3239"><span class="text_class3240"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3241"><span class="text_class3242"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3243"><span class="text_class3244"><span class="text_class41">Phone status information</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3245"><span class="text_class3246"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3247"><span class="text_class3248"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3249"><span class="text_class3250"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3251"><span class="text_class3252"><span class="text_class41">Audio Connection handling</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3253"><span class="text_class3254"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3255"><span class="text_class3256"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3257"><span class="text_class3258"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3259"><span class="text_class3260"><span class="text_class41">Accept an incoming voice call</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3261"><span class="text_class3262"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3263"><span class="text_class3264"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3265"><span class="text_class3266"><span class="text_class41">5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3267"><span class="text_class3268"><span class="text_class41">Reject an incoming voice call</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3269"><span class="text_class3270"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3271"><span class="text_class3272"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3273"><span class="text_class3274"><span class="text_class41">6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3275"><span class="text_class3276"><span class="text_class41">Terminate a call</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3277"><span class="text_class3278"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3279"><span class="text_class3280"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3281"><span class="text_class3282"><span class="text_class41">7</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3283"><span class="text_class3284"><span class="text_class41">Audio Connection transfer during an ongoing call</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3285"><span class="text_class3286"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3287"><span class="text_class3288"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3289"><span class="text_class3290"><span class="text_class41">8</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3291"><span class="text_class3292"><span class="text_class41">Place a call with a phone number supplied by the HF</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3293"><span class="text_class3294"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3295"><span class="text_class3296"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3297"><span class="text_class3298"><span class="text_class41">9</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3299"><span class="text_class3300"><span class="text_class41">Place a call using memory dialing</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3301"><span class="text_class3302"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3303"><span class="text_class3304"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3305"><span class="text_class3306"><span class="text_class41">10</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3307"><span class="text_class3308"><span class="text_class41">Place a call to the last number dialed</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3309"><span class="text_class3310"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3311"><span class="text_class3312"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3313"><span class="text_class3314"><span class="text_class41">11</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3315"><span class="text_class3316"><span class="text_class41">Call waiting notification</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3317"><span class="text_class3318"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3319"><span class="text_class3320"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3321"><span class="text_class3322"><span class="text_class41">12</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3323"><span class="text_class3324"><span class="text_class41">Three way calling</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3325"><span class="text_class3326"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3327"><span class="text_class3328"><span class="text_class41">x(*1)</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3329"><span class="text_class3330"><span class="text_class41">13</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3331"><span class="text_class3332"><span class="text_class41">Calling Line Identification (CLI) </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3333"><span class="text_class3334"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3335"><span class="text_class3336"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3337"><span class="text_class3338"><span class="text_class41">14</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3339"><span class="text_class3340"><span class="text_class41">Echo canceling (EC) and noise reduction (NR) </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3341"><span class="text_class3342"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3343"><span class="text_class3344"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3345"><span class="text_class3346"><span class="text_class41">15</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3347"><span class="text_class3348"><span class="text_class41">Voice recognition activation </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3349"><span class="text_class3350"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3351"><span class="text_class3352"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3353"><span class="text_class3354"><span class="text_class41">16</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3355"><span class="text_class3356"><span class="text_class41">Attach a Phone number to a voice tag </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3357"><span class="text_class3358"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3359"><span class="text_class3360"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3361"><span class="text_class3362"><span class="text_class41">17</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3363"><span class="text_class3364"><span class="text_class41">Ability to transmit DTMF codes </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3365"><span class="text_class3366"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3367"><span class="text_class3368"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3369"><span class="text_class3370"><span class="text_class41">18</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3371"><span class="text_class3372"><span class="text_class41">Remote audio volume control </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3373"><span class="text_class3374"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3375"><span class="text_class3376"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3377"><span class="text_class3378"><span class="text_class41">19</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3379"><span class="text_class3380"><span class="text_class41">Respond and Hold </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3381"><span class="text_class3382"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3383"><span class="text_class3384"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3385"><span class="text_class3386"><span class="text_class41">20</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3387"><span class="text_class3388"><span class="text_class41">Subscriber Number Information </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3389"><span class="text_class3390"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3391"><span class="text_class3392"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3393"><span class="text_class3394"><span class="text_class41">21a</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3395"><span class="text_class3396"><span class="text_class41">Enhanced Call Status </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3397"><span class="text_class3398"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3399"><span class="text_class3400"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3401"><span class="text_class3402"><span class="text_class41">21b</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3403"><span class="text_class3404"><span class="text_class41">Enhanced Call Controls </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3405"><span class="text_class3406"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3407"><span class="text_class3408"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3409"><span class="text_class3410"><span class="text_class41">22</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3411"><span class="text_class3412"><span class="text_class41">Individual Indicator Activation</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3413"><span class="text_class3414"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3415"><span class="text_class3416"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3417"><span class="text_class3418"><span class="text_class41">23</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3419"><span class="text_class3420"><span class="text_class41">Wide Band Speech</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3421"><span class="text_class3422"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3423"><span class="text_class3424"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3210 cell_class3230"><p class="paragraph_class3425"><span class="text_class3426"><span class="text_class41">24</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3216 cell_class1139"><p class="paragraph_class3427"><span class="text_class3428"><span class="text_class41">Codec Negotiation</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3221 cell_class3235"><p class="paragraph_class3429"><span class="text_class3430"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3226 cell_class3238"><p class="paragraph_class3431"><span class="text_class3432"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3433"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3434"><span class="text_class3435"><span class="text_class41">*1: Does not support Multi-party (conference) call</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3436"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3437"><span class="text_class3438"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMM query/response to determine the model of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be stored as a string in a phone model CGMM variable.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3439"><span class="text_class41">Phone Model CGMM:</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3440"><span class="text_class41">Type: string</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3441"><span class="text_class41">Max length: 200 chars</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3442"><span class="text_class41">Persistence: No</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class3443"><span class="text_class3444"><span class="text_class41">A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3445"><span class="text_class3446"><span class="text_class41">The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the device.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3447"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3448"><span class="text_class3449"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMI query/response to determine the Manufacturer of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be stored as a string in a phone model CGMI variable.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3450"><span class="text_class41">Phone Model CGMI:</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3451"><span class="text_class41">Type: string</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3452"><span class="text_class41">Max length: 200 chars</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3453"><span class="text_class41">Persistence: No</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class3454"><span class="text_class3455"><span class="text_class41">A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3456"><span class="text_class3457"><span class="text_class41">The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the device.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3458"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3459"><span class="text_class3460"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall be able to use the AT+CGMR query/response to determine the revision of the phone over the HFP profile connection. Whatever is returned shall be stored as a string in a phone model CGMR property.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3461"><span class="text_class41">Phone Model CGMR:</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3462"><span class="text_class41">Type: string</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3463"><span class="text_class41">Max length: 200 chars</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3464"><span class="text_class41">Persistence: No</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class3465"><span class="text_class3466"><span class="text_class41">A property shall exist for each device which is connected to the system.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3467"><span class="text_class3468"><span class="text_class41">The request shall be made each time a HFP Service Level Connection is established with the device.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3469"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3470"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="85"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.2 Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP)</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3471"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3472"><span class="text_class3473"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall implement Advanced Audio Distribution Profile as per the A2DP specification version 1.2 or later.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3474"><span class="text_class3475"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall use this profile for audio streaming. This profile shall be use to realize distribution of audio content of high-quality in mono or stereo on ACL channels.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3476"><span class="text_class3477"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide following roles:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3478"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class3479"><span class="text_class3480"><span class="text_class41">Sink (SNK) - A device is the SNK when it acts as a sink of a digital audio stream delivered from the SRC on the same piconet.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3481"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class3482"><span class="text_class3483"><span class="text_class41">Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 20 </span></span><span class="text_class3484"><span class="text_class41">should be supported.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3485"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class3486"><span class="text_class3487"><span class="text_class3488"><span class="text_class41">Decode functions of codec marked with "x" in AGL column in </span></span><span class="text_class3489"><span class="text_class41">Table 21</span></span><span class="text_class3490"><span class="text_class41"> should be supported.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3491"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class3492"><span class="text_class3493"><span class="text_class3494"><span class="text_class41">Copyright protection technology SCMS-T should be supported.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3495"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3496"><span class="text_class3497"><span class="text_class3498"><span class="text_class41">Table 20 : List of A2DP Supporting Functions</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3499"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3501 cell_class3500"><p class="paragraph_class3502"><span class="text_class3503"><span class="text_class3504"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3506 cell_class3505"><p class="paragraph_class3507"><span class="text_class3508"><span class="text_class3509"><span class="text_class41">Feature</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3511 cell_class3510"><p class="paragraph_class3512"><span class="text_class3513"><span class="text_class3514"><span class="text_class41">Support in SNK</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3515 cell_class3500"><p class="paragraph_class3516"><span class="text_class3517"><span class="text_class3518"><span class="text_class41">AGL</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3501 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3520"><span class="text_class3521"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3506 cell_class3522"><p class="paragraph_class3523"><span class="text_class3524"><span class="text_class41">Audio Streaming</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3511 cell_class3525"><p class="paragraph_class3526"><span class="text_class3527"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3515 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3528"><span class="text_class3529"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3530"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3531"><span class="text_class3532"><span class="text_class3533"><span class="text_class41">Table 21 : Supporting Codec</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3534"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3536 cell_class3535"><p class="paragraph_class3537"><span class="text_class3538"><span class="text_class3539"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3541 cell_class3540"><p class="paragraph_class3542"><span class="text_class3543"><span class="text_class3544"><span class="text_class41">Codec</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3545 cell_class3505"><p class="paragraph_class3546"><span class="text_class3547"><span class="text_class3548"><span class="text_class41">Support</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3549 cell_class3500"><p class="paragraph_class3550"><span class="text_class3551"><span class="text_class3552"><span class="text_class41">AGL</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3536 cell_class3553"><p class="paragraph_class3554"><span class="text_class3555"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3541 cell_class3556"><p class="paragraph_class3557"><span class="text_class3558"><span class="text_class41">SBC</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3545 cell_class3522"><p class="paragraph_class3559"><span class="text_class3560"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3549 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3561"><span class="text_class3562"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3536 cell_class3553"><p class="paragraph_class3563"><span class="text_class3564"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3541 cell_class3556"><p class="paragraph_class3565"><span class="text_class3566"><span class="text_class41">MPEG-1,2 Audio</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3545 cell_class3522"><p class="paragraph_class3567"><span class="text_class3568"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3549 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3569"><span class="text_class3570"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3536 cell_class3553"><p class="paragraph_class3571"><span class="text_class3572"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3541 cell_class3556"><p class="paragraph_class3573"><span class="text_class3574"><span class="text_class41">MPEG-2,4 AAC</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3545 cell_class3522"><p class="paragraph_class3575"><span class="text_class3576"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3549 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3577"><span class="text_class3578"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3536 cell_class3553"><p class="paragraph_class3579"><span class="text_class3580"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3541 cell_class3556"><p class="paragraph_class3581"><span class="text_class3582"><span class="text_class41">ATRAC family</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3545 cell_class3522"><p class="paragraph_class3583"><span class="text_class3584"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3549 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3585"><span class="text_class3586"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3587"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="86"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.3 Phone Book Access Profile</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3588"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3589"><span class="text_class3590"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall implement Phonebook Access Profile as per the PBAP specification version 1.1 or later.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3591"><span class="text_class3592"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall use this profile to allow exchange of Phonebook Objects between devices.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3593"><span class="text_class3594"><span class="text_class41">Phonebook is automatically downloaded into the system from mobile device for browsing. The Telephony system shall store user's Phonebook and the Phonebook details of the connected device shall be available to the user. The Telephony system shall manage the contacts by, listing and copying contact information.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3595"><span class="text_class3596"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide following roles:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3597"><span class="text_class41">Phonebook Client Equipment (PCE)</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class3598"><span class="text_class3599"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide following types of Phonebook objects:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3600"><span class="text_class41">The main Phonebook object</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3601"><span class="text_class41">The Incoming Call History object</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3602"><span class="text_class41">The Outgoing Call History object</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3603"><span class="text_class41">The Missed Call History object</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3604"><span class="text_class41">The Combined Call History object</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3605"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3606"><span class="text_class3607"><span class="text_class41">A Bluetooth hands-free system must download the phonebook from the connected BT device automatically if the BT device has provision for the transfer of phonebook data. The Phonebook download shall be performed by any one of the following methods listed in priority of usage:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class3608"><span class="text_class41">Using PBAP profile</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class3609"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class3610"><span class="text_class3611"><span class="text_class41">All the BT device's phonebook entries must be transferred - those on any external memory (E.g. SIM) and also any stored in the BT device's memory.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3612"><span class="text_class3613"><span class="text_class41">The number type data (if stored with the contact) shall also be transferred and stored in the vehicle phonebook. The Phonebook shall be associated to only the BT device it was downloaded from.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3614"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="87"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.4 Dial Up Networking (DUN) Profile</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3615"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3616"><span class="text_class3617"><span class="text_class3618"><span class="text_class41">Dial-Up Networking Profile (DUN) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary lower layers.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3619"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class3620"><span class="text_class3621"><span class="text_class3622"><span class="text_class41">It has to comply with the specification for “Data Terminal (DT)”</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3623"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class3624"><span class="text_class3625"><span class="text_class3626"><span class="text_class41">Items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 23 </span></span></span><span class="text_class3627"><span class="text_class3628"><span class="text_class41">should be supported.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3629"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3630"><span class="text_class3631"><span class="text_class3632"><span class="text_class41">Table 23 : List of DUN Supporting Functions</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3633"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3635 cell_class3634"><p class="paragraph_class3636"><span class="text_class3637"><span class="text_class3638"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3640 cell_class3639"><p class="paragraph_class3641"><span class="text_class3642"><span class="text_class3643"><span class="text_class41">Service</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3645 cell_class3644"><p class="paragraph_class3646"><span class="text_class3647"><span class="text_class3648"><span class="text_class41">Support in DT</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3649 cell_class3634"><p class="paragraph_class3650"><span class="text_class3651"><span class="text_class3652"><span class="text_class41">AGL</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3635 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3654"><span class="text_class3655"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3640 cell_class3656"><p class="paragraph_class3657"><span class="text_class3658"><span class="text_class41">Data call without audio feedback</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3645 cell_class3659"><p class="paragraph_class3660"><span class="text_class3661"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3649 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3662"><span class="text_class3663"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3635 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3664"><span class="text_class3665"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3640 cell_class3656"><p class="paragraph_class3666"><span class="text_class3667"><span class="text_class41">Data call with audio feedback</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3645 cell_class3659"><p class="paragraph_class3668"><span class="text_class3669"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3649 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3670"><span class="text_class3671"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3635 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3672"><span class="text_class3673"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3640 cell_class3656"><p class="paragraph_class3674"><span class="text_class3675"><span class="text_class41">Fax services without audio feedback</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3645 cell_class3659"><p class="paragraph_class3676"><span class="text_class3677"><span class="text_class41">N/A</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3649 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3678"><span class="text_class3679"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3635 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3680"><span class="text_class3681"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3640 cell_class3656"><p class="paragraph_class3682"><span class="text_class3683"><span class="text_class41">Fax services with audio feedback</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3645 cell_class3659"><p class="paragraph_class3684"><span class="text_class3685"><span class="text_class41">N/A</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3649 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3686"><span class="text_class3687"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3635 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3688"><span class="text_class3689"><span class="text_class41">5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3640 cell_class3656"><p class="paragraph_class3690"><span class="text_class3691"><span class="text_class41">Voice call</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3645 cell_class3659"><p class="paragraph_class3692"><span class="text_class3693"><span class="text_class41">N/A</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3649 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3694"><span class="text_class3695"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3635 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3696"><span class="text_class3697"><span class="text_class41">6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3640 cell_class3656"><p class="paragraph_class3698"><span class="text_class3699"><span class="text_class41">Incoming calls</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3645 cell_class3659"><p class="paragraph_class3700"><span class="text_class3701"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3649 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3702"><span class="text_class3703"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3635 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3704"><span class="text_class3705"><span class="text_class41">7</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3640 cell_class3656"><p class="paragraph_class3706"><span class="text_class3707"><span class="text_class41">Outgoing calls</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3645 cell_class3659"><p class="paragraph_class3708"><span class="text_class3709"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3649 cell_class3653"><p class="paragraph_class3710"><span class="text_class3711"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3712"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="88"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.5 Object Push Profile (OPP)</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3713"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3714"><span class="text_class3715"><span class="text_class3716"><span class="text_class41">Object Push Profile (OPP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary lower layers.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3717"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class3718"><span class="text_class3719"><span class="text_class3720"><span class="text_class41">It has to comply with the specification for “Push Server”.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3721"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class3722"><span class="text_class3723"><span class="text_class3724"><span class="text_class41">Items marked with "x" in AGL column in</span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class3725"><span class="text_class41">Table 24 </span></span><span class="text_class3726"><span class="text_class41"> should be supported.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3727"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3728"><span class="text_class3729"><span class="text_class3730"><span class="text_class41">Table 24 : List of OPP Push Server Supporting Functions</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3731"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3733 cell_class3732"><p class="paragraph_class3734"><span class="text_class3735"><span class="text_class3736"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3738 cell_class3737"><p class="paragraph_class3739"><span class="text_class3740"><span class="text_class3741"><span class="text_class41">Feature</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3743 cell_class3742"><p class="paragraph_class3744"><span class="text_class3745"><span class="text_class3746"><span class="text_class41">Support in Push Server</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3748 cell_class3747"><p class="paragraph_class3749"><span class="text_class3750"><span class="text_class3751"><span class="text_class41">AGL</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3733 cell_class3752"><p class="paragraph_class3753"><span class="text_class3754"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3738 cell_class3755"><p class="paragraph_class3756"><span class="text_class3757"><span class="text_class41">Object Push</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3743 cell_class3758"><p class="paragraph_class3759"><span class="text_class3760"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3748 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class3761"><span class="text_class3762"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3733 cell_class3752"><p class="paragraph_class3763"><span class="text_class3764"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3738 cell_class3755"><p class="paragraph_class3765"><span class="text_class3766"><span class="text_class41">Business Card Pull</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3743 cell_class3758"><p class="paragraph_class3767"><span class="text_class3768"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3748 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class3769"><span class="text_class3770"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3733 cell_class3752"><p class="paragraph_class3771"><span class="text_class3772"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3738 cell_class3755"><p class="paragraph_class3773"><span class="text_class3774"><span class="text_class41">Business Card Exchange</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3743 cell_class3758"><p class="paragraph_class3775"><span class="text_class3776"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3748 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class3777"><span class="text_class3778"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3779"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="89"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.6 Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP)</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3780"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3781"><span class="text_class3782"><span class="text_class3783"><span class="text_class41">The System shall implement Audio / Video Remote Control Profile version 1.6.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3784"><span class="text_class3785"><span class="text_class3786"><span class="text_class41">The system shall use this profile for audio streaming control for each connected media device plus one remote control..</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3787"><span class="text_class3788"><span class="text_class3789"><span class="text_class41">The system must comply with the specification for Controller (CT) items marked with "x" in AGL column in Table 25 should be supported.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3790"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class3791"><span class="text_class3792"><span class="text_class3793"><span class="text_class41">C2: Mandatory if device supports Metadata Attributes for Current Media Item or optional otherwise</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3794"><span class="text_class3795"><span class="text_class3796"><span class="text_class41">C3: Mandatory to support at least one Category</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3797"><span class="text_class3798"><span class="text_class3799"><span class="text_class41">C4: Mandatory if Category 2 supported, excluded otherwise</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3800"><span class="text_class3801"><span class="text_class3802"><span class="text_class41">C6: Mandatory if Browsing (item 18) is supported, optional otherwise</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class3803"><span class="text_class3804"><span class="text_class3805"><span class="text_class41">EX: Excluded</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3806"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class3807"><span class="text_class3808"><span class="text_class3809"><span class="text_class41">Table 25 : List of AVRCP Supporting Functions</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class3810"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3811"><p class="paragraph_class3813"><span class="text_class3814"><span class="text_class3815"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3816"><p class="paragraph_class3818"><span class="text_class3819"><span class="text_class3820"><span class="text_class41">Feature</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3821"><p class="paragraph_class3823"><span class="text_class3824"><span class="text_class3825"><span class="text_class41">Support in CT</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3500"><p class="paragraph_class3827"><span class="text_class3828"><span class="text_class3829"><span class="text_class41">AGL</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3831"><span class="text_class3832"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3834"><span class="text_class3835"><span class="text_class41">Connection establishment for control</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3837"><span class="text_class3838"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3839"><span class="text_class3840"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3841"><span class="text_class3842"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3843"><span class="text_class3844"><span class="text_class41">Release connection for control</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3845"><span class="text_class3846"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3847"><span class="text_class3848"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3849"><span class="text_class3850"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3851"><span class="text_class3852"><span class="text_class41">Connection establishment for browsing</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3853"><span class="text_class3854"><span class="text_class41">C6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3855"><span class="text_class3856"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3857"><span class="text_class3858"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3859"><span class="text_class3860"><span class="text_class41">Release connection for browsing</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3861"><span class="text_class3862"><span class="text_class41">C6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3863"><span class="text_class3864"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3865"><span class="text_class3866"><span class="text_class41">5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3867"><span class="text_class3868"><span class="text_class41">AV/C Info commands</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3869"><span class="text_class3870"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3871"><span class="text_class3872"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3873"><span class="text_class3874"><span class="text_class41">6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3875"><span class="text_class3876"><span class="text_class41">Category 1: Player/Recorder</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3877"><span class="text_class3878"><span class="text_class41">C3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3879"><span class="text_class3880"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3881"><span class="text_class3882"><span class="text_class41">7</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3883"><span class="text_class3884"><span class="text_class41">Category 2: Monitor/Amplifier</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3885"><span class="text_class3886"><span class="text_class41">C3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3887"><span class="text_class3888"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3889"><span class="text_class3890"><span class="text_class41">8</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3891"><span class="text_class3892"><span class="text_class41">Category 3: Tuner</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3893"><span class="text_class3894"><span class="text_class41">C3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3895"><span class="text_class3896"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3897"><span class="text_class3898"><span class="text_class41">9</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3899"><span class="text_class3900"><span class="text_class41">Category 4: Menu</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3901"><span class="text_class3902"><span class="text_class41">C3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3903"><span class="text_class3904"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3905"><span class="text_class3906"><span class="text_class41">10</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3907"><span class="text_class3908"><span class="text_class41">Capabilities</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3909"><span class="text_class3910"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3911"><span class="text_class3912"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3913"><span class="text_class3914"><span class="text_class41">11</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3915"><span class="text_class3916"><span class="text_class41">Player Application Settings</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3917"><span class="text_class3918"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3919"><span class="text_class3920"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3921"><span class="text_class3922"><span class="text_class41">12</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3923"><span class="text_class3924"><span class="text_class41">Metadata Attributes for Current Media Item</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3925"><span class="text_class3926"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3927"><span class="text_class3928"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3929"><span class="text_class3930"><span class="text_class41">13</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3931"><span class="text_class3932"><span class="text_class41">Notifications</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3933"><span class="text_class3934"><span class="text_class41">C2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3935"><span class="text_class3936"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3937"><span class="text_class3938"><span class="text_class41">14</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3939"><span class="text_class3940"><span class="text_class41">Continuation</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3941"><span class="text_class3942"><span class="text_class41">C2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3943"><span class="text_class3944"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3945"><span class="text_class3946"><span class="text_class41">15</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3947"><span class="text_class3948"><span class="text_class41">Basic Group Navigation</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3949"><span class="text_class3950"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3951"><span class="text_class3952"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3953"><span class="text_class3954"><span class="text_class41">16</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3955"><span class="text_class3956"><span class="text_class41">Absolute Volume</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3957"><span class="text_class3958"><span class="text_class41">C4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3959"><span class="text_class3960"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3961"><span class="text_class3962"><span class="text_class41">17</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3963"><span class="text_class3964"><span class="text_class41">Media Player Selection</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3965"><span class="text_class3966"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3967"><span class="text_class3968"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3969"><span class="text_class3970"><span class="text_class41">17.1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3971"><span class="text_class3972"><span class="text_class41">- Supports Multiple Players</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3973"><span class="text_class3974"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3975"><span class="text_class3976"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3977"><span class="text_class3978"><span class="text_class41">18</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3979"><span class="text_class3980"><span class="text_class41">Browsing</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3981"><span class="text_class3982"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3983"><span class="text_class3984"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3985"><span class="text_class3986"><span class="text_class41">18.1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3987"><span class="text_class3988"><span class="text_class41">- Database Aware Players</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3989"><span class="text_class3990"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3991"><span class="text_class3992"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class3993"><span class="text_class3994"><span class="text_class41">19</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class3995"><span class="text_class3996"><span class="text_class41">Search</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class3997"><span class="text_class3998"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class3999"><span class="text_class4000"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class4001"><span class="text_class4002"><span class="text_class41">20</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class4003"><span class="text_class4004"><span class="text_class41">Now Playing</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class4005"><span class="text_class4006"><span class="text_class41">C6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class4007"><span class="text_class4008"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class4009"><span class="text_class4010"><span class="text_class41">20.1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class4011"><span class="text_class4012"><span class="text_class41">- Playable Folders</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class4013"><span class="text_class4014"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class4015"><span class="text_class4016"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class4017"><span class="text_class4018"><span class="text_class41">21</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class4019"><span class="text_class4020"><span class="text_class41">Error Response</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class4021"><span class="text_class4022"><span class="text_class41">EX</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class4023"><span class="text_class4024"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3812 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class4025"><span class="text_class4026"><span class="text_class41">22</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3817 cell_class3833"><p class="paragraph_class4027"><span class="text_class4028"><span class="text_class41">PASSTHROUGH operation supporting press and hold</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3822 cell_class3836"><p class="paragraph_class4029"><span class="text_class4030"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class3826 cell_class3519"><p class="paragraph_class4031"><span class="text_class4032"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4033"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4034"><span class="text_class4035"><span class="text_class41">The AVRCP profile realisation shall implement an Inform Battery Status of CT parameter and pass this information up to so it can be passed to the User.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4036"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4037"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="90"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.7 Message Access Profile</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4038"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4039"><span class="text_class4040"><span class="text_class4041"><span class="text_class41">Message Access Profile (MAP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary lower layers.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4042"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4043"><span class="text_class4044"><span class="text_class4045"><span class="text_class41">It has to comply with the specification for</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class4046"><span class="text_class4047"><span class="text_class41">“</span></span></span><span class="text_class4048"><span class="text_class4049"><span class="text_class41">Message Client Equipment (MCE)”.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4050"><span class="text_class4051"><span class="text_class4052"><span class="text_class41">Items marked with "x" in AGL column in</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class4053"><span class="text_class4054"><span class="text_class41">Table 26</span></span></span><span class="text_class4055"><span class="text_class4056"><span class="text_class41"> should be supported.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4057"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4058"><span class="text_class4059"><span class="text_class4060"><span class="text_class41">C1: The MCE to support at least one of the C1-labelled features</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4061"><span class="text_class4062"><span class="text_class4063"><span class="text_class41">C2: The MCE shall support Message Notification Registration if it supports Message Notification. Not applicable otherwise.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4064"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4065"><span class="text_class4066"><span class="text_class4067"><span class="text_class41">Table 26 : List of MAP Supporting Functions</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4068"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4069 cell_class3732"><p class="paragraph_class4070"><span class="text_class4071"><span class="text_class4072"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4074 cell_class4073"><p class="paragraph_class4075"><span class="text_class4076"><span class="text_class4077"><span class="text_class41">Feature</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4079 cell_class4078"><p class="paragraph_class4080"><span class="text_class4081"><span class="text_class4082"><span class="text_class41">Support by the MCE</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4084 cell_class4083"><p class="paragraph_class4085"><span class="text_class4086"><span class="text_class4087"><span class="text_class41">AGL</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4069 cell_class3752"><p class="paragraph_class4088"><span class="text_class4089"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4074 cell_class4090"><p class="paragraph_class4091"><span class="text_class4092"><span class="text_class41">Message Notification</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4079 cell_class4093"><p class="paragraph_class4094"><span class="text_class4095"><span class="text_class41">C1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4084 cell_class4096"><p class="paragraph_class4097"><span class="text_class4098"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4069 cell_class3752"><p class="paragraph_class4099"><span class="text_class4100"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4074 cell_class4090"><p class="paragraph_class4101"><span class="text_class4102"><span class="text_class41">Message Browsing</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4079 cell_class4093"><p class="paragraph_class4103"><span class="text_class4104"><span class="text_class41">C1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4084 cell_class4096"><p class="paragraph_class4105"><span class="text_class4106"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4069 cell_class3752"><p class="paragraph_class4107"><span class="text_class4108"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4074 cell_class4090"><p class="paragraph_class4109"><span class="text_class4110"><span class="text_class41">Message Uploading</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4079 cell_class4093"><p class="paragraph_class4111"><span class="text_class4112"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4084 cell_class4096"><p class="paragraph_class4113"><span class="text_class4114"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4069 cell_class3752"><p class="paragraph_class4115"><span class="text_class4116"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4074 cell_class4090"><p class="paragraph_class4117"><span class="text_class4118"><span class="text_class41">Message Delete</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4079 cell_class4093"><p class="paragraph_class4119"><span class="text_class4120"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4084 cell_class4096"><p class="paragraph_class4121"><span class="text_class4122"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4069 cell_class3752"><p class="paragraph_class4123"><span class="text_class4124"><span class="text_class41">5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4074 cell_class4090"><p class="paragraph_class4125"><span class="text_class4126"><span class="text_class41">Notification Registration</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4079 cell_class4093"><p class="paragraph_class4127"><span class="text_class4128"><span class="text_class41">C2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4084 cell_class4096"><p class="paragraph_class4129"><span class="text_class4130"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4131"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="91"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.8 Serial Port Profile (SPP)</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4132"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4133"><span class="text_class4134"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall implement Serial Port Profile as per the SPP specification version 1.1 or later.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4135"><span class="text_class4136"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide following roles:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4137"><span class="text_class4138"><span class="text_class41">Initiator - This is the device that takes initiative to form a connection to another device.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4139"><span class="text_class4140"><span class="text_class41">Acceptor - This is the device that waits for another device to take initiative to connect.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4141"><span class="text_class4142"><span class="text_class41">Following features shall be provided by the Supplier:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4143"><span class="text_class4144"><span class="text_class41">Establish link and setup virtual serial connection</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4145"><span class="text_class4146"><span class="text_class41">Accept link and establish virtual serial connection</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4147"><span class="text_class4148"><span class="text_class41">Register Service record for application in local SDP database</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4149"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="92"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.9 Personal Area Network (PAN) Profile</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4150"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4151"><span class="text_class4152"><span class="text_class4153"><span class="text_class41">Personal Area Network Profile (PAN) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary lower layers.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4154"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4155"><span class="text_class4156"><span class="text_class4157"><span class="text_class41">It has to comply with the specification for</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class4158"><span class="text_class4159"><span class="text_class41">“</span></span></span><span class="text_class4160"><span class="text_class4161"><span class="text_class41">PAN User (PANU)”.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4162"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4163"><span class="text_class4164"><span class="text_class4165"><span class="text_class41">Items marked with "x" in AGL column in </span></span></span><span class="text_class4166"><span class="text_class4167"><span class="text_class41">Table</span></span></span><span class="text_class4168"><span class="text_class4169"><span class="text_class41"> 27 </span></span></span><span class="text_class4170"><span class="text_class4171"><span class="text_class41">should be supported.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4172"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4173"><span class="text_class4174"><span class="text_class4175"><span class="text_class41">Table 27 : List of PAN Supporting Functions</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4176"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4178 cell_class4177"><p class="paragraph_class4179"><span class="text_class4180"><span class="text_class4181"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4183 cell_class4182"><p class="paragraph_class4184"><span class="text_class4185"><span class="text_class4186"><span class="text_class41">Feature</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4188 cell_class4187"><p class="paragraph_class4189"><span class="text_class4190"><span class="text_class4191"><span class="text_class41">Support in PANU</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4192 cell_class3811"><p class="paragraph_class4193"><span class="text_class4194"><span class="text_class4195"><span class="text_class41">AGL</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4178 cell_class4196"><p class="paragraph_class4197"><span class="text_class4198"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4183 cell_class4199"><p class="paragraph_class4200"><span class="text_class4201"><span class="text_class41">Initialization of NAP/GN service</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4188 cell_class4202"><p class="paragraph_class4203"><span class="text_class4204"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4192 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class4205"><span class="text_class4206"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4178 cell_class4196"><p class="paragraph_class4207"><span class="text_class4208"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4183 cell_class4199"><p class="paragraph_class4209"><span class="text_class4210"><span class="text_class41">Shutdown of NAP/GN service</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4188 cell_class4202"><p class="paragraph_class4211"><span class="text_class4212"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4192 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class4213"><span class="text_class4214"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4178 cell_class4196"><p class="paragraph_class4215"><span class="text_class4216"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4183 cell_class4199"><p class="paragraph_class4217"><span class="text_class4218"><span class="text_class41">Establish NAP/GN service Connection</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4188 cell_class4202"><p class="paragraph_class4219"><span class="text_class4220"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4192 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class4221"><span class="text_class4222"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4178 cell_class4196"><p class="paragraph_class4223"><span class="text_class4224"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4183 cell_class4199"><p class="paragraph_class4225"><span class="text_class4226"><span class="text_class41">Lost NAP/GN Service Connection</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4188 cell_class4202"><p class="paragraph_class4227"><span class="text_class4228"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4192 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class4229"><span class="text_class4230"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4178 cell_class4196"><p class="paragraph_class4231"><span class="text_class4232"><span class="text_class41">5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4183 cell_class4199"><p class="paragraph_class4233"><span class="text_class4234"><span class="text_class41">Disconnect NAP/GN Service Connection</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4188 cell_class4202"><p class="paragraph_class4235"><span class="text_class4236"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4192 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class4237"><span class="text_class4238"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4178 cell_class4196"><p class="paragraph_class4239"><span class="text_class4240"><span class="text_class41">6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4183 cell_class4199"><p class="paragraph_class4241"><span class="text_class4242"><span class="text_class41">Management Information Base (MIB)</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4188 cell_class4202"><p class="paragraph_class4243"><span class="text_class4244"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4192 cell_class3830"><p class="paragraph_class4245"><span class="text_class4246"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4247"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="93"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.10 Service Discovery Profile (SDP)</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4248"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4249"><span class="text_class4250"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall implement Service Discovery Application Profile as per the SDAP specification version 1.1.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4251"><span class="text_class4252"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall use this profile to locate services that are available on or via devices in the vicinity of a Bluetooth enabled device.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4253"><span class="text_class4254"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide following roles:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4255"><span class="text_class4256"><span class="text_class41">Local Device - A device that initiates the service discovery procedure.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4257"><span class="text_class4258"><span class="text_class41">Remote Devices(S) - A device that participates in the service discovery process by responding to the service inquiries generated by Local Device.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4259"><span class="text_class4260"><span class="text_class41">The following features shall be provided by the Supplier:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4261"><span class="text_class4262"><span class="text_class41">Search for services by service class</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4263"><span class="text_class4264"><span class="text_class41">Search for services by service attributes</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4265"><span class="text_class4266"><span class="text_class41">Service browsing</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4267"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="94"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.11 Device Information Profile</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4268"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4269"><span class="text_class4270"><span class="text_class4271"><span class="text_class41">Device Identification Profile (DIP) has to be supported as well as Profiles/Protocols for necessary lower layers.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4272"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4273"><span class="text_class4274"><span class="text_class4275"><span class="text_class41">Items marked with "x" in AGL column in T</span></span><span class="text_class4276"><span class="text_class41">able 28</span></span><span class="text_class4277"><span class="text_class41"> should be supported.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4278"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4279"><span class="text_class4280"><span class="text_class4281"><span class="text_class41">Table 28 : List of DIP Supporting Functions</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4282"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4284 cell_class4283"><p class="paragraph_class4285"><span class="text_class4286"><span class="text_class4287"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4289 cell_class4288"><p class="paragraph_class4290"><span class="text_class4291"><span class="text_class4292"><span class="text_class41">Feature</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4294 cell_class4293"><p class="paragraph_class4295"><span class="text_class4296"><span class="text_class4297"><span class="text_class41">Support</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4299 cell_class4298"><p class="paragraph_class4300"><span class="text_class4301"><span class="text_class4302"><span class="text_class41">AGL</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4284 cell_class4303"><p class="paragraph_class4304"><span class="text_class4305"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4289 cell_class4306"><p class="paragraph_class4307"><span class="text_class4308"><span class="text_class41">SpecificationID</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4294 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class4309"><span class="text_class4310"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4299 cell_class4311"><p class="paragraph_class4312"><span class="text_class4313"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4284 cell_class4303"><p class="paragraph_class4314"><span class="text_class4315"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4289 cell_class4306"><p class="paragraph_class4316"><span class="text_class4317"><span class="text_class41">VendorID</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4294 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class4318"><span class="text_class4319"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4299 cell_class4311"><p class="paragraph_class4320"><span class="text_class4321"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4284 cell_class4303"><p class="paragraph_class4322"><span class="text_class4323"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4289 cell_class4306"><p class="paragraph_class4324"><span class="text_class4325"><span class="text_class41">ProductID</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4294 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class4326"><span class="text_class4327"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4299 cell_class4311"><p class="paragraph_class4328"><span class="text_class4329"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4284 cell_class4303"><p class="paragraph_class4330"><span class="text_class4331"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4289 cell_class4306"><p class="paragraph_class4332"><span class="text_class4333"><span class="text_class41">Version</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4294 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class4334"><span class="text_class4335"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4299 cell_class4311"><p class="paragraph_class4336"><span class="text_class4337"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4284 cell_class4303"><p class="paragraph_class4338"><span class="text_class4339"><span class="text_class41">5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4289 cell_class4306"><p class="paragraph_class4340"><span class="text_class4341"><span class="text_class41">PrimaryRecord</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4294 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class4342"><span class="text_class4343"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4299 cell_class4311"><p class="paragraph_class4344"><span class="text_class4345"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4284 cell_class4303"><p class="paragraph_class4346"><span class="text_class4347"><span class="text_class41">6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4289 cell_class4306"><p class="paragraph_class4348"><span class="text_class4349"><span class="text_class41">VendorIDSource</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4294 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class4350"><span class="text_class4351"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4299 cell_class4311"><p class="paragraph_class4352"><span class="text_class4353"><span class="text_class41">x</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4284 cell_class4303"><p class="paragraph_class4354"><span class="text_class4355"><span class="text_class41">7</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4289 cell_class4306"><p class="paragraph_class4356"><span class="text_class4357"><span class="text_class41">ClientExecutableURL</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4294 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class4358"><span class="text_class4359"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4299 cell_class4311"><p class="paragraph_class4360"><span class="text_class4361"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4284 cell_class4303"><p class="paragraph_class4362"><span class="text_class4363"><span class="text_class41">8</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4289 cell_class4306"><p class="paragraph_class4364"><span class="text_class4365"><span class="text_class41">ServiceDescription</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4294 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class4366"><span class="text_class4367"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4299 cell_class4311"><p class="paragraph_class4368"><span class="text_class4369"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4284 cell_class4303"><p class="paragraph_class4370"><span class="text_class4371"><span class="text_class41">9</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4289 cell_class4306"><p class="paragraph_class4372"><span class="text_class4373"><span class="text_class41">DocumentationURL</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4294 cell_class2484"><p class="paragraph_class4374"><span class="text_class4375"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class4299 cell_class4311"><p class="paragraph_class4376"><span class="text_class4377"><span class="text_class41">-</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4378"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="95"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.12 Bluetooth Smart Ready</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4379"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4380"><span class="text_class4381"><span class="text_class4382"><span class="text_class41">Bluetooth Smart Ready shall be supported.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4383"><span class="text_class4384"><span class="text_class4385"><span class="text_class41">It shall comply with Bluetooth Low Energy standard.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4386"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="96"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.13 Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP)</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4387"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4388"><span class="text_class4389"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall implement Generic Object Exchange Profile as per the GOEX specification version 2.0 or later.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4390"><span class="text_class4391"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall use this profile to facilitate the exchange of binary objects between devices. The usage model shall be Synchronization, File Transfer or Object Push model.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4392"><span class="text_class4393"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide following roles:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4394"><span class="text_class4395"><span class="text_class41">Server - This is the device that provides an object exchange server to and from which data objects shall be pushed and pulled, respectively.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4396"><span class="text_class4397"><span class="text_class41">Client - This is the device that can push or/and pull data object(s) to and from the Server.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4398"><span class="text_class4399"><span class="text_class41">The following features shall be provided by the Supplier:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4400"><span class="text_class4401"><span class="text_class41">Establishing an object connection</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4402"><span class="text_class4403"><span class="text_class41">Pushing a data object</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4404"><span class="text_class4405"><span class="text_class41">Pulling a data object</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4406"><span class="text_class4407"><span class="text_class41">Performing an action on data objects</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4408"><span class="text_class4409"><span class="text_class41">Creating and managing a Reliable Object Exchange Connection</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4410"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="97"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.14 Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile </span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4411"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4412"><span class="text_class4413"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall implement Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile as per the GAVDP specification version 1.2 or later.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4414"><span class="text_class4415"><span class="text_class41">The Telephony system shall use this profile to specify signalling transaction procedures between two devices to set up, terminate, and reconfigure streaming channels.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4416"><span class="text_class4417"><span class="text_class41">It shall provide following roles:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4418"><span class="text_class4419"><span class="text_class41">Initiator (INT)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4420"><span class="text_class4421"><span class="text_class41">Acceptor (ACP)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4422"><span class="text_class4423"><span class="text_class41">Following are the feature requirements for this profile:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4424"><span class="text_class4425"><span class="text_class41">Connection</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4426"><span class="text_class4427"><span class="text_class41">Transfer Control</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4428"><span class="text_class4429"><span class="text_class41">Signalling Control</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4430"><span class="text_class4431"><span class="text_class41">Security Control</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4432"><span class="text_class4433"><span class="text_class41">Note: This profile is currently being enhanced to version 1.3. Release date of this version is not yet finalized. The Telephony system shall be able to upgrade to the newer version in the future.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4434"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="98"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.1.1.15 Bluetooth Diagnostics</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4435"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="99"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.2 Error Management</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4436"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4437"><span class="text_class4438"><span class="text_class4439"><span class="text_class41">The Error Management module provides platform error handling mechanisms. This includes detecting </span></span></span><span class="text_class4440"><span class="text_class41">system errors that occur after start up to provide a recovery function by localized restart. In addition, </span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4441"><span class="text_class4442"><span class="text_class41"> in case of a broad ranged malfunction, Error Management provide quick detection and recovery to </span></span><span class="text_class4443"><span class="text_class41"> issue in a short amount of time. </span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4444"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4445"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="100"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.1.2.1 Use Cases</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4446"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="101"><h5 class="paragraph_class4447 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.2.1.1 </span><span class="text_class4448"><span class="text_class41">System Surveillance and Recovery</span></span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4449"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4450"><span class="text_class4451"><span class="text_class4452"><span class="text_class41">While using in-car information device, if the whole system or part of the function stops, an immediate error detection and automatic recovery will be needed. </span></span></span><span class="text_class4453"><span class="text_class41">For example, when updating the screen while route guidance is on or voice recognition cannot be used, restart the function to try and recover. When an error occurs in the core of a system such as an output communicating middle ware, reboot the whole system to try and recover.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4454"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4455"><span class="text_class4456"><span class="text_class4457"><span class="text_class41">There are several supposed cases for system surveillance such as a case where the system that adopted AGL and monitors by itself or monitored by the system that has not adopted AGL. The AGL Error Management scope includes parts of the system that adopted AGL. </span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4458"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4459"><span class="text_class4460"><span class="text_class4461"><span class="text_class41">The way of recovery has to be assessed by the status of the system behavior. </span></span></span><span class="text_class4462"><span class="text_class41">For example, even if the way to recover the car navigation error might be reboot, the system reboot should not be done when the car navigation is displaying back camera image. Because of these use cases, Error Management should focus on the degree of importance for surveillance list process and the degree should be adjusted by its behavior status.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4463"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="102"><h5 class="paragraph_class4447 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.2.1.2 </span><span class="text_class4464"><span class="text_class41">Collecting Information</span></span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4465"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4466"><span class="text_class4467"><span class="text_class4468"><span class="text_class41">For when the system failure occurred after the launch, the most urgent item is a prompt recovery but what is also a point that is worth noting is to collect the information to specify the cause for its failure. Therefore, gathering information with the minimum recovery time is needed.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4469"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4470"><span class="text_class4471"><span class="text_class4472"><span class="text_class41">With Linux system, memory image dump (core dump) of generally abended process is used. On the other hand, a scale of middleware which is an in- car application is increasing and has come to the point where the time to dump the entire memory image is impermissible. To avoid this, the Error Management function will provide the system to leave the light log. </span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4473"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="103"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.1.2.2 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4474"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4475"><span class="text_class4476"><span class="text_class4477"><span class="text_class41">Prevent the system failure shutoff and also in case of failure provided the function that judge its status automatically and recover</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4478"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4479"><span class="text_class4480"><span class="text_class4481"><span class="text_class41">The</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class4482"><span class="text_class41"> Error Management module</span></span><span class="text_class4483"><span class="text_class4484"><span class="text_class41"> should support both surveillance of the whole system and each process.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4485"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4486"><span class="text_class4487"><span class="text_class41">The Error Management module should monitor the memory usage of whole system cyclically. When memory usage exceeds set threshold value, a set action should be done. Cycle, threshold value, action is changeable by AGL user.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4488"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4489"><span class="text_class4490"><span class="text_class4491"><span class="text_class41">Kernel function that requires Error Management surveillance, driver has to send a notification to </span></span></span><span class="text_class4492"><span class="text_class4493"><span class="text_class41">Error Management when an error occurs. </span></span></span><span class="text_class4494"><span class="text_class41">The subjects that sends error notifications are output communication or disk I/O.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4495"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4496"><span class="text_class4497"><span class="text_class4498"><span class="text_class41">Error Management should be able to execute the action after obtaining the error notification by </span></span></span><span class="text_class4499"><span class="text_class4500"><span class="text_class41">kernel function and the driver. </span></span></span><span class="text_class4501"><span class="text_class41">Action should be changeable by AGL user. </span></span><span class="text_class4502"><span class="text_class41">For example, an error for CAN communication is critical so system restart could be done but USB communication error can be ignored since it may be caused by a compatibility issue between devices. </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4503"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4504"><span class="text_class4505"><span class="text_class41">Error Management should monitor processes for existence or non-existence, when </span></span><span class="text_class4506"><span class="text_class41">abended it should execute a set action. The set action should be changeable by the AGL user. </span></span><span class="text_class4507"><span class="text_class41">Termination of resident process is a defect but termination of a temporal behaving process is correct so those two should be able to set separately. </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4508"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4509"><span class="text_class4510"><span class="text_class4511"><span class="text_class41">Error Management should monitor the process with a set cycle and when it goes over threshold value, should be able to execute the set action. </span></span></span><span class="text_class4512"><span class="text_class41">Cycle, threshold value, action should be changeable by AGL user. </span></span><span class="text_class4513"><span class="text_class41">The subjects of surveillance are CPU usage and memory usage.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4514"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4515"><span class="text_class4516"><span class="text_class4517"><span class="text_class41">Should be able to vanish process forcibly including subsidiary process</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4518"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4519"><span class="text_class4520"><span class="text_class4521"><span class="text_class41">Make the software that works by system have the concept of level importance.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4522"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4523"><span class="text_class4524"><span class="text_class4525"><span class="text_class41">Appropriate recovery depending on the level of importance. </span></span></span><span class="text_class4526"><span class="text_class41">The level of importance should be adjustable depending </span></span><span class="text_class4527"><span class="text_class41">on the status of </span></span><span class="text_class4528"><span class="text_class41">operation by coordinating with Policy.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4529"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4530"><span class="text_class4531"><span class="text_class4532"><span class="text_class41">The process that detecting an external communication error within the Error Management module and recovering has to be set to complete before external monitoring detects.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4533"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4534"><span class="text_class4535"><span class="text_class4536"><span class="text_class41">The application that is monitored by</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class4537"><span class="text_class41">the Error Management module</span></span><span class="text_class4538"><span class="text_class4539"><span class="text_class41">has to be independent as more than one process.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4540"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4541"><span class="text_class4542"><span class="text_class4543"><span class="text_class41">The application that is monitored by</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class4544"><span class="text_class41">the Error Management module</span></span><span class="text_class4545"><span class="text_class4546"><span class="text_class41">should not combine multiple applications </span></span></span><span class="text_class4547"><span class="text_class41">to one process. Application’s runtime part does not have the structure where multiple applications can be moved by the same process.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4548"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4549"><span class="text_class4550"><span class="text_class4551"><span class="text_class41">Service providing side has to be nondense to the application. For example, the Service providing process such as a software keyboard should not go wrong with the state of App. Such as process crash, exit, etc..</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4552"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4553"><span class="text_class4554"><span class="text_class4555"><span class="text_class41">An application has to be nondense to an application. When linking two application one ends suddenly the other will not become abnormal state.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4556"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4557"><span class="text_class4558"><span class="text_class4559"><span class="text_class41">The process that communicates with the external system has to be independent from the other process while recovering that does not include system restart so </span></span></span><span class="text_class4560"><span class="text_class41">that it can notify alive towards external side.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4561"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4562"><span class="text_class4563"><span class="text_class4564"><span class="text_class41">When the software that is under the surveillance of RAS can not recover with one restart additional process can be done such as deleting the subject files that were registered beforehand.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4565"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4566"><span class="text_class4567"><span class="text_class4568"><span class="text_class41">The system has to have a structure where overwrite the files that are stored in a pinned file system without destroying them.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4569"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4570"><span class="text_class4571"><span class="text_class4572"><span class="text_class41">When system down occurs (kernel panic), should be able to collect the information need for analyzing.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4573"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4574"><span class="text_class4575"><span class="text_class4576"><span class="text_class41">When making the system down happen intentionally( BUG_ON etc.),make sure to </span></span></span><span class="text_class4577"><span class="text_class41">leave a message that can specify the cause.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4578"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4579"><span class="text_class4580"><span class="text_class41">Both the log which is for debug and can take time to output and the log that leaves minimum log in a short period of time have been equipped and able to select.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4581"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4582"><span class="text_class4583"><span class="text_class4584"><span class="text_class41">In any abnormal cases log output does not lock the system (stand by for spin lock etc.) or system down does not occur (self-destruction on log output process).</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4585"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4586"><span class="text_class4587"><span class="text_class4588"><span class="text_class41">Should be able to leave the aberrance occurred in kernel area on the log.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4589"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4590"><span class="text_class4591"><span class="text_class4592"><span class="text_class41">Should be able to select the level of log output.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4593"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4594"><span class="text_class4595"><span class="text_class4596"><span class="text_class41">Should be able to record the aberrance log with the time of occurrence.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4597"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4598"><span class="text_class4599"><span class="text_class4600"><span class="text_class41">Should be able to obtain the information linked to the system resources.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4601"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4602"><span class="text_class4603"><span class="text_class4604"><span class="text_class41">Should be able to leave the information corresponding to core dump in a short period of time.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4605"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4606"><span class="text_class4607"><span class="text_class4608"><span class="text_class41">Both the log which is for debug and can take time to output and the log that leaves minimum log in a short period of time have been equipped and able to select.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4609"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4610"><span class="text_class4611"><span class="text_class4612"><span class="text_class41">As the smallest amount of information, the following information should be left.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4613"><span class="text_class4614"><span class="text_class41">Register information</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4615"><span class="text_class4616"><span class="text_class41">Process logical memory map</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4617"><span class="text_class4618"><span class="text_class41">Stack dump or back trace from the exceptional place of occurrence</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4619"><span class="text_class4620"><span class="text_class41">Time of occurrence</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4621"><span class="text_class4622"><span class="text_class41">Information that can specify the occurred process thread (name of an executing file</span></span></span><span class="text_class4623"><span class="text_class4624"><span class="text_class41">、</span></span></span><span class="text_class4625"><span class="text_class4626"><span class="text_class41">name of the thread etc.)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4627"><span class="text_class4628"><span class="text_class4629"><span class="text_class4630"><span class="text_class41">The signal that occurred</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4631"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4632"><span class="text_class4633"><span class="text_class4634"><span class="text_class41">Lightweight core dump is a core dump that can set the restrictions below.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4635"><span class="text_class4636"><span class="text_class41">Select the memory mapping category of process executing memory image that targeted for an output.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4637"><span class="text_class4638"><span class="text_class41">Specify the order of an output and output high-priority memory mapping first to prevent dropping the information needed.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4639"><span class="text_class4640"><span class="text_class41">Output only the memory mapping that is linked to the abnormal process (text area). [O]</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4641"><span class="text_class4642"><span class="text_class41">Compress the data for each memory mapping category and output up to the fixed maximum size.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4643"><span class="text_class4644"><span class="text_class41">NOTE information of ELF header and program header will not change.</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class4645"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4646"><span class="text_class4647"><span class="text_class4648"><span class="text_class41">Selectable memory mappings are the following.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4649"><span class="text_class4650"><span class="text_class41">anonymous private mappings</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4651"><span class="text_class4652"><span class="text_class41">anonymous shared mappings</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4653"><span class="text_class4654"><span class="text_class41">file-backed private mappings</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4655"><span class="text_class4656"><span class="text_class41">file-backed shared mappings</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4657"><span class="text_class4658"><span class="text_class41">private huge page</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4659"><span class="text_class4660"><span class="text_class41">shared huge page</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class4661"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4662"><span class="text_class4663"><span class="text_class4664"><span class="text_class41">Setting parameters of the output context are the following.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4665"><span class="text_class4666"><span class="text_class41">Memory mapping category which is for an output object can be set.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4667"><span class="text_class4668"><span class="text_class4669"><span class="text_class4670"><span class="text_class41">The order of outputting memory mapping can be set.</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4671"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4672"><span class="text_class4673"><span class="text_class4674"><span class="text_class41">Should be able to leave the log in increments of process. Possible to filter and have a look in increments of process.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4675"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4676"><span class="text_class4677"><span class="text_class4678"><span class="text_class41">Should be able to leave a trace log in increments of process during process crash. </span></span></span><span class="text_class4679"><span class="text_class41">Should be able to leave a trace log in increments of process during system running, if necessary.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4680"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4681"><span class="text_class4682"><span class="text_class4683"><span class="text_class41">Should be able to obtain the information related to system resource of process.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4684"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4685"><span class="text_class4686"><span class="text_class41">There should be a structure to be able to error trace among the whole process in a user space.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4687"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="104"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.3 Graphics</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4688"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4689"><span class="text_class4690"><span class="text_class41">Graphics subsystem; HMI input, wayland, windowing, etc.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4691"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="105"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.4 Location Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4692"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4693"><span class="text_class4694"><span class="text_class41">Location services includes support for GPS, location, and positioning services including dead reckoning. Time of day support is also included in Location Services since time is a primary output of the GPS receiver. </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4695"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="106"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.1.4.1 Position</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4696"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="107"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.1.4.2 Time of Day</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4697"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4698"><span class="text_class4699"><span class="text_class4700"><span class="text_class41">With Linux, time adjusting is generally done by using date command or NTP but since in-car device can obtain the accurate time from GPS, GPS time is often used as Abs Time. Because of its advantage where this GPS demand can be done anywhere in the world, it would continue in future. Therefore, we are going to need a structure for adjusting the Linux system time.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4701"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4702"><span class="text_class4703"><span class="text_class41">Monotonic and Absolute Time Support</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4704"><span class="text_class4705"><span class="text_class4706"><span class="text_class41">As a weak point of GPS, when cold start, it takes a long time to obtain the accurate time.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4707"><span class="text_class4708"><span class="text_class4709"><span class="text_class41">Because of this, it will not set the right time for booting the system and will adjust it while it’s moving. As for in-car device, the demand to make the system boot faster is rather strong and Abs Time can vary while it’s working for one of the middle ware applications.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4710"><span class="text_class4711"><span class="text_class4712"><span class="text_class41">On the other hand, although POSIX API which is used as a standard for Linux, provides the time that has not been effected by the adjusting in case of a simple latency, but for resource latency, some of them can only set with Abs Time. Therefore, in-car Linux needs an API that supports Monotonic Time.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4713"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4714"><span class="text_class4715"><span class="text_class41">Kernel Time Precision</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4716"><span class="text_class4717"><span class="text_class4718"><span class="text_class41">In-car device needs to support all kinds of communicating system such as CAN. Those communicating system includes the device that needs ms order procedure.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4719"><span class="text_class4720"><span class="text_class4721"><span class="text_class41">In Linux Kernel space, jiffies are used as mere time. However 1jiffies time differs depending on the CPU architecture and the architecture differs depending on SOC. Because of this, the lowest value for unit of time that AGL environment has to support needs to be decided.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4722"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="108"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.1.4.3 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4723"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4724"><span class="text_class4725"><span class="text_class4726"><span class="text_class41">Should be able to adjust the system time from GPS middle ware.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4727"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4728"><span class="text_class4729"><span class="text_class4730"><span class="text_class41">Adjust the system time after the time is determinate.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4731"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4732"><span class="text_class4733"><span class="text_class4734"><span class="text_class41">GPS middle ware has to have the system where it can implement GPS driver control parts using the plugin (source plugin). </span></span></span><span class="text_class4735"><span class="text_class4736"><span class="text_class41">Must tolerate proprietary GPS component.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4737"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4738"><span class="text_class4739"><span class="text_class4740"><span class="text_class41">GPS middle source plugin must tolerate proprietary. Source plugin has to be a license that is not imposed a duty to open source. For example, header library’s license that is needed to make Source plugin can not be GPL or LGPL.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4741"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4742"><span class="text_class4743"><span class="text_class4744"><span class="text_class41">When waiting, can use both absolute time and monotonic time</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4745"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4746"><span class="text_class4747"><span class="text_class4748"><span class="text_class41">Resource obtaining time out such as mutex, semaphore can use both absolute time and monotonic time.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4749"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4750"><span class="text_class4751"><span class="text_class4752"><span class="text_class41">Resource obtaining time out such as mutex, semaphore can use both absolute time and monotonic time.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4753"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4754"><span class="text_class4755"><span class="text_class4756"><span class="text_class41">System time must be able to use consecutively at least until 2099.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4757"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4758"><span class="text_class4759"><span class="text_class4760"><span class="text_class41">Absolute time has to support leap year and leap seconds.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4761"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4762"><span class="text_class4763"><span class="text_class4764"><span class="text_class41">1 jiffies have to be smaller than 1ms.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4765"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4766"><span class="text_class4767"><span class="text_class4768"><span class="text_class41">Time waiting that involve context switch, must be done with the accuracy over 1ms.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4769"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4770"><span class="text_class4771"><span class="text_class4772"><span class="text_class41">From timer / ISR, can boot tasklet with the accuracy 1ms.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4773"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4774"><span class="text_class4775"><span class="text_class4776"><span class="text_class41">A system has to be able to handle time with at least the accuracy 1ms.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4777"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="109"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.5 Health Monitoring</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4778"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4779"><span class="text_class4780"><span class="text_class41">Platform monitoring services such as watchdog or active monitoring</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4781"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="110"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.6 IPC</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4782"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4783"><span class="text_class4784"><span class="text_class41">Standard platform interprocess and interprocessor communication mechanism.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4785"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="111"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.7 Lifecycle Management</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4786"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4787"><span class="text_class4788"><span class="text_class41">Startup, shutdown, state change, etc.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4789"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="112"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.8 Network Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4790"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4791"><span class="text_class4792"><span class="text_class41">Includes standard networking protocols such as TCP/IP via any networking physical layer including Wifi, Bluetooth, or ethernet.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4793"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="113"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.9 Persistent Storage</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4794"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4795"><span class="text_class4796"><span class="text_class41">Power safe persistent storage</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4797"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="114"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.10 Power Management</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4798"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4799"><span class="text_class4800"><span class="text_class4801"><span class="text_class41">Amount of ECUs in the car and their complexity has grown dramatically over last decade. Needs in processing power are constantly growing to catch up with demands of automotive industry. This, in turn has impact on power budget and temperature/heat dissipation characteristic of modern ECUs</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4802"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4803"><span class="text_class4804"><span class="text_class4805"><span class="text_class41">In parallel, success of green, electric cars is pushing power budget limits down as never before, in distant future we may see “battle for watts” in automotive electronics. Finding optimal balance between performance and ECU operating modes, frequencies, voltages is also important for overall durability characteristic.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4806"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4807"><span class="text_class4808"><span class="text_class4809"><span class="text_class41">Suspend/resume techniques and retention of the ECU in lower power states now becoming more welcomed over traditional cold boot approaches.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4810"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4811"><span class="text_class4812"><span class="text_class4813"><span class="text_class41">Linux community has been working on power management architecture for many years, it has become a state of art framework and set of components that addresses needs not only consumer electronics industry, but also industrial automation, security, etc.)</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4814"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="115"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.1.10.1 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4815"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4816"><span class="text_class4817"><span class="text_class4818"><span class="text_class41">AGL kernel shall allow switching between active and suspend states. Exact definition of suspend states is platform/architecture-specific (e.g. “suspend to memory”, “suspend to disk” /“hibernate” correspond to S3 and S4 in ACPI terminology)</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4819"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4820"><span class="text_class4821"><span class="text_class4822"><span class="text_class41">Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected by suspend/resume transitions.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4823"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4824"><span class="text_class4825"><span class="text_class4826"><span class="text_class41">AGL kernel shall provide sufficient APIs for application to control active/suspend state transitions and receive appropriate events/notifications. Kernel should not initiate power state transitions if no requests provided from applications.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4827"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4828"><span class="text_class4829"><span class="text_class4830"><span class="text_class41">Detailed definition of steps/actions required for suspend/resume sequence is out of the scope of this specification (it is also platform-dependent). </span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4831"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4832"><span class="text_class4833"><span class="text_class4834"><span class="text_class41">AGL kernel for SMP configurations shall allow enabling/disabling of individual cores (or group of cores) (NOTE: on some platforms/architectures enabling/disabling may be achieved by putting core in one of its low power states)</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4835"><span class="text_class4836"><span class="text_class4837"><span class="text_class41">AGL kernel shall only provide mechanism for applications to request enabling/disabling particular cores from SMP group.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4838"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4839"><span class="text_class4840"><span class="text_class4841"><span class="text_class41">AGL kernel shall support CPU frequency and voltage scaling. Exact definition of operating points (table of frequencies/voltages allowed by hardware) is platform/architecture-specific (moreover, some of operating points may be omitted/ignored in AGL kernel as their impact on power budget insignificant)</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4842"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4843"><span class="text_class4844"><span class="text_class4845"><span class="text_class41">Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected by CPU frequency and voltage scaling</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4846"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class4847"><span class="text_class4848"><span class="text_class4849"><span class="text_class41">Only application-defined policies shall be allowed for CPU frequency and voltage scaling. Default in-kernel governors/policies (e.g. on-demand or performance) shall not be used and they may have negative impact on overall system performance/predictability</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4850"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4851"><span class="text_class4852"><span class="text_class4853"><span class="text_class41">AGL kernel shall allow switching between active and idle states. Exact definition of idle states is platform/architecture-specific (e.g. C0..C4 in ACPI terminology or WFI+… for ARM)</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4854"><span class="text_class4855"><span class="text_class4856"><span class="text_class41">Kernel and peripheral device drivers shall not be affected entering/leaving one of idle states</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4857"><span class="text_class4858"><span class="text_class4859"><span class="text_class41">Only application-defined policies shall be allowed for CPU Idle</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4860"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4861"><span class="text_class4862"><span class="text_class4863"><span class="text_class41">AGL kernel shall support run-time power management of I/O (peripheral) devices</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4864"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4865"><span class="text_class4866"><span class="text_class4867"><span class="text_class41">AGL kernel shall support I/O (peripheral) device voltage and frequency scaling</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4868"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="116"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.11 Resource Management</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4869"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4870"><span class="text_class4871"><span class="text_class41">Resource and device management.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4872"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4873"><span class="text_class4874"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management shall provide an interface to be used for informing status of a resource request by the Resource Manager.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4875"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="117"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.12 Telephony Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4876"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="118"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.1.12.1 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4877"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="119"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.12.1.1 Telephony variants</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4878"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4879"><span class="text_class4880"><span class="text_class41">Purpose: To define the variants of Telephony</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4881"><span class="text_class4882"><span class="text_class41">Requirement:</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4883"><span class="text_class4884"><span class="text_class41">There will be 2 variants of phone system.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4885"><span class="text_class4886"><span class="text_class41">Variant 1: Front User only Telephony.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4887"><span class="text_class4888"><span class="text_class41">Variant 2: Rear and Front Telephony.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4889"><span class="text_class4890"><span class="text_class41">All variants will have Bluetooth capability. The feature will be configurable so that the feature can be disabled via car configuration.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4891"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4892"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="120"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13 Wi-Fi</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4893"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4894"><span class="text_class4895"><span class="text_class41">This Wi-Fi subsystem controls registration, connection management, and device information management between a wireless LAN device and infotainment system.</span><br/><span class="text_class41">Necessary Wi-Fi specification in automotive use case is defined here.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4896"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="121"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.1 Use Cases</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4897"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="122"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.1.1 Construct WiFi Network</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4898"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4899"><span class="text_class4900"><span class="text_class4901"><span class="text_class41">In-Vehicle Infotainment systems constructs 3 types of Wi-Fi networks.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4902"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="123"><h5 class="paragraph_class4903 5"><span class="text_class4904"><span class="text_class41">a. </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class4905"><span class="text_class41">STA</span></span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class4906"><span class="text_class4907"><span class="text_class4908"><span class="text_class41">In-Vehicle Infotainment system acts as a STA (Station) and connects to an external network via an Access Point.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4909"><span class="text_class4910"><span class="text_class4911"><span class="text_class41">It also connects to Access Points which support Wi-Fi Hotspot.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4912"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="124"><h5 class="paragraph_class4903 5"><span class="text_class4913"><span class="text_class41">b. </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class4914"><span class="text_class41">AP</span></span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class4915"><span class="text_class4916"><span class="text_class4917"><span class="text_class41">In-Vehicle Infotainment system acts as an AP (Access Point) and connects multiple Wi-Fi devices with an external network.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4918"><span class="text_class4919"><span class="text_class4920"><span class="text_class41">It also connects Wi-Fi devices which support Wi-Fi Hotspot.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4921"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="125"><h5 class="paragraph_class4903 5"><span class="text_class4922"><span class="text_class41">c. </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class4923"><span class="text_class41">P2P</span></span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class4924"><span class="text_class4925"><span class="text_class4926"><span class="text_class41">In-Vehicle Infotainment system and Wi-Fi device makes P2P (Peer to Peer) connection using Wi-Fi Direct.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4927"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="126"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.1.2 Miracast</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4928"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4929"><span class="text_class4930"><span class="text_class4931"><span class="text_class41">In-Vehicle Infotainment system and Wi-Fi device shares a display using Miracast.-(a)</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class4932"><span class="text_class4933"><span class="text_class4934"><span class="text_class41">They are also remotely operated to a Wi-Fi device from the infotainment system, or vice versa, by using UIBC (User Interface Back Channel).-(b)</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4935"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/f457d71b-dc09-4368-a524-6b0055176f28_url_d2e569d2-0324-403f-85d5-4127dbb47a92.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4936"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4937"><span class="text_class4938"><span class="text_class4939"><span class="text_class41">Figure 8-29 : Overview of Miracast</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4940"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="127"><h5 class="paragraph_class4903 5"><span class="text_class4941"><span class="text_class41">a. </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class4942"><span class="text_class41">Shared Displayed Content</span></span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class4943"><span class="text_class4944"><span class="text_class4945"><span class="text_class41">Use case examples of shared displayed content are:</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4946"><span class="text_class4947"><span class="text_class41">A passenger on the passenger seat views the multimedia content played on Wi-Fi Device (e.g. Mobile) on In-Vehicle Infotainment system.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4948"><span class="text_class4949"><span class="text_class4950"><span class="text_class41">A rear seat passenger views the multimedia content played on In-Vehicle Infotainment system on Wi-Fi Device(e.g. Rear seat monitor).</span></span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class4951"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="128"><h5 class="paragraph_class4903 5"><span class="text_class4952"><span class="text_class41">b. </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class4953"><span class="text_class41">Remote Operation</span></span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class4954"><span class="text_class4955"><span class="text_class4956"><span class="text_class41">Use case examples of remote operation are:</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4957"><span class="text_class4958"><span class="text_class41">A passenger on the passenger seat plays the multimedia content stored in Wi-Fi Device (e.g. Mobile) by operating In-Vehicle Infotainment system.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4959"><span class="text_class4960"><span class="text_class4961"><span class="text_class4962"><span class="text_class41">A passenger on the rear seat controls air conditioner functionality in In-Vehicle Infotainment system by operating a Wi-Fi Device (e.g. Mobile).</span></span></span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class4963"><span class="text_class4964"><span class="text_class4965"><span class="text_class4966"><span class="text_class4967"><span class="text_class4968"><span class="text_class41">While the vehicle is in motion, a passenger on the rear seat controls the navigation functionality in a passenger on the rear seat controls by operating a Wi-Fi Device(e.g. Mobile).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4969"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="129"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.1.3 DLNA</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4970"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4971"><span class="text_class4972"><span class="text_class4973"><span class="text_class41">In-Vehicle Infotainment system connects with a DLNA device via Wi-Fi.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4974"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="130"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.2 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4975"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="131"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.2.1 Security</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4976"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4977"><span class="text_class4978"><span class="text_class4979"><span class="text_class41">The WiFi module shall support security standard WEP.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4980"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4981"><span class="text_class4982"><span class="text_class4983"><span class="text_class41">It shall support 40 bit WEP encryption method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4984"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4985"><span class="text_class4986"><span class="text_class4987"><span class="text_class41">It shall support 104 bit WEP encryption method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4988"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4989"><span class="text_class4990"><span class="text_class4991"><span class="text_class41">It shall support security standard WPA Personal.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4992"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4993"><span class="text_class4994"><span class="text_class4995"><span class="text_class41">It shall support TKIP encryption method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class4996"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class4997"><span class="text_class4998"><span class="text_class4999"><span class="text_class41">It shall support CCMP encryption method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5000"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5001"><span class="text_class5002"><span class="text_class5003"><span class="text_class41">It shall support security standard WPA2 Personal.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5004"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5005"><span class="text_class5006"><span class="text_class5007"><span class="text_class41">It shall support TKIP encryption method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5008"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5009"><span class="text_class5010"><span class="text_class5011"><span class="text_class41">It shall support CCMP encryption method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5012"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5013"><span class="text_class5014"><span class="text_class41">It shall support security standard WPA Enterprise.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5015"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5016"><span class="text_class5017"><span class="text_class5018"><span class="text_class41">It shall support TKIP encryption method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5019"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5020"><span class="text_class5021"><span class="text_class5022"><span class="text_class41">It shall support CCMP encryption method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5023"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5024"><span class="text_class5025"><span class="text_class41">It shall support security standard WPA2 Enterprise.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5026"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5027"><span class="text_class5028"><span class="text_class5029"><span class="text_class41">It shall support TKIP encryption method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5030"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5031"><span class="text_class5032"><span class="text_class5033"><span class="text_class41">It shall support CCMP encryption method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5034"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="132"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.2.2 Simple Configuration</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5035"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5036"><span class="text_class5037"><span class="text_class5038"><span class="text_class41">It shall comply with WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) standard.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5039"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5040"><span class="text_class5041"><span class="text_class5042"><span class="text_class41">It shall be able to perform connection with PIN (Personal Identification Number) method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5043"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5044"><span class="text_class5045"><span class="text_class5046"><span class="text_class41">It shall support Configuration Method for Display.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5047"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5048"><span class="text_class5049"><span class="text_class5050"><span class="text_class41">It shall support Configuration Method for Keypad.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5051"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5052"><span class="text_class5053"><span class="text_class5054"><span class="text_class41">It shall be able to perform connection with PBC (Push button configuration) method.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5055"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5056"><span class="text_class5057"><span class="text_class5058"><span class="text_class41">It shall support Configuration Method for PushButton.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5059"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5060"><span class="text_class5061"><span class="text_class41">It shall be able to perform connection with NFC (Near Field Communication) method.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5062"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="133"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.2.3 QoS</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5063"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5064"><span class="text_class5065"><span class="text_class5066"><span class="text_class41">It shall comply with WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) standard.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5067"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5068"><span class="text_class5069"><span class="text_class5070"><span class="text_class41">It shall comply with WMM-PS (Wireless Multimedia Power Save) standard.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5071"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="134"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.2.4 STA</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5072"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5073"><span class="text_class5074"><span class="text_class5075"><span class="text_class41">The In-Vehicle system shall be able to function as a STA (Non-AP Station).</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5076"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="135"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.2.5 AP</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5077"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5078"><span class="text_class5079"><span class="text_class5080"><span class="text_class41">The In-Vehicle system shall be able to function as an AP (Access Point).</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5081"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="136"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.2.6 WiFi Direct</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5082"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5083"><span class="text_class5084"><span class="text_class5085"><span class="text_class41">It shall comply with Wi-Fi Direct standard.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5086"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5087"><span class="text_class5088"><span class="text_class5089"><span class="text_class41">It shall support the WiFi Direct functions as listed in Table 29.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5090"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5091"><span class="text_class5092"><span class="text_class5093"><span class="text_class41">Table 29 : List of Wi-Fi Direct Supporting Functions</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5094"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5095"><p class="paragraph_class5097"><span class="text_class5098"><span class="text_class5099"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5100"><p class="paragraph_class5102"><span class="text_class5103"><span class="text_class5104"><span class="text_class41">Feature</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5105"><p class="paragraph_class5107"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5108"><p class="paragraph_class5110"><span class="text_class5111"><span class="text_class5112"><span class="text_class41">(Reference)</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5113"><span class="text_class5114"><span class="text_class5115"><span class="text_class41">Support in Wi-Fi Direct</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5117"><span class="text_class5118"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5120"><span class="text_class5121"><span class="text_class41">P2P Provision Discovery</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5123"><span class="text_class5124"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5126"><span class="text_class5127"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5128"><span class="text_class5129"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5130"><span class="text_class5131"><span class="text_class41">P2P Device Discovery</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5132"><span class="text_class5133"><span class="text_class41">Scan Phase</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5134"><span class="text_class5135"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5136"><span class="text_class5137"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5138"><span class="text_class5139"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5140"><span class="text_class5141"><span class="text_class41">Find Phase</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5142"><span class="text_class5143"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5144"><span class="text_class5145"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5146"><span class="text_class5147"><span class="text_class41">P2P GO Negotiation</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5148"><span class="text_class5149"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5150"><span class="text_class5151"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5152"><span class="text_class5153"><span class="text_class41">5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5154"><span class="text_class5155"><span class="text_class41">P2P Service Discovery</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5156"><span class="text_class5157"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5158"><span class="text_class5159"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5160"><span class="text_class5161"><span class="text_class41">6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5162"><span class="text_class5163"><span class="text_class41">P2P Invitation</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5164"><span class="text_class5165"><span class="text_class41">Temporary P2P Group</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5166"><span class="text_class5167"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5168"><span class="text_class5169"><span class="text_class41">7</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5170"><span class="text_class5171"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5172"><span class="text_class5173"><span class="text_class41">Persistent P2P Group</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5174"><span class="text_class5175"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5176"><span class="text_class5177"><span class="text_class41">8</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5178" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class5179"><span class="text_class5180"><span class="text_class41">Persistent P2P Group / Persistent Reconnect</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5181"><span class="text_class5182"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5183"><span class="text_class5184"><span class="text_class41">9</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5185"><span class="text_class5186"><span class="text_class41">Intra-BSS Distribution</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5187"><span class="text_class5188"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5189"><span class="text_class5190"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5191"><span class="text_class5192"><span class="text_class41">10</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5193"><span class="text_class5194"><span class="text_class41">Concurrent Operation</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5195"><span class="text_class5196"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5197"><span class="text_class5198"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5199"><span class="text_class5200"><span class="text_class41">11</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5201"><span class="text_class5202"><span class="text_class41">P2P Service Discovery</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5203"><span class="text_class5204"><span class="text_class41">UPnP</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5205"><span class="text_class5206"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5207"><span class="text_class5208"><span class="text_class41">12</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5209"><span class="text_class5210"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5211"><span class="text_class5212"><span class="text_class41">Bonjour</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5213"><span class="text_class5214"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5215"><span class="text_class5216"><span class="text_class41">13</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5217"><span class="text_class5218"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5219"><span class="text_class5220"><span class="text_class41">Wi-Fi Display</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5221"><span class="text_class5222"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5223"><span class="text_class5224"><span class="text_class41">14</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5225"><span class="text_class5226"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5227"><span class="text_class5228"><span class="text_class41">WS-Discovery</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5229"><span class="text_class5230"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5096 cell_class5116"><p class="paragraph_class5231"><span class="text_class5232"><span class="text_class41">15</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5101 cell_class5119"><p class="paragraph_class5233"><span class="text_class5234"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5106 cell_class5122"><p class="paragraph_class5235"><span class="text_class5236"><span class="text_class41">Vendor specific</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5109 cell_class5125"><p class="paragraph_class5237"><span class="text_class5238"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5239"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="137"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.2.7 Miracast</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5240"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5241"><span class="text_class5242"><span class="text_class5243"><span class="text_class41">It shall comply with Miracast standard.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5244"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5245"><span class="text_class5246"><span class="text_class41">It shall support the Miracast functions identified in Table 30. </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5247"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5248"><span class="text_class5249"><span class="text_class5250"><span class="text_class41">Table 30 : List of Miracast Supporting Functions</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5251"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5252"><p class="paragraph_class5254"><span class="text_class5255"><span class="text_class5256"><span class="text_class41"> No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5258 cell_class5257"><p class="paragraph_class5259"><span class="text_class5260"><span class="text_class5261"><span class="text_class41">Feature</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5262" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class5264"><span class="text_class5265"><span class="text_class5266"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5268 cell_class5267"><p class="paragraph_class5269"><span class="text_class5270"><span class="text_class5271"><span class="text_class41">(Reference)</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5272"><span class="text_class5273"><span class="text_class5274"><span class="text_class41">Support in Miracast</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5276"><span class="text_class5277"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5258 cell_class5278"><p class="paragraph_class5279"><span class="text_class5280"><span class="text_class41">WFD Device type</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5281" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class5282"><span class="text_class5283"><span class="text_class41">WFD Source</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5268 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5285"><span class="text_class5286"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5287"><span class="text_class5288"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5258 cell_class5278"><p class="paragraph_class5289"><span class="text_class5290"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5281" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class5291"><span class="text_class5292"><span class="text_class41">Primary Sink</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5268 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5293"><span class="text_class5294"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5295"><span class="text_class5296"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5258 cell_class5278"><p class="paragraph_class5297"><span class="text_class5298"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5281" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class5299"><span class="text_class5300"><span class="text_class41">Dual-role possible</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5268 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5301"><span class="text_class5302"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5303"><span class="text_class5304"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5258 cell_class5278"><p class="paragraph_class5305"><span class="text_class5306"><span class="text_class41">WFD Service Discovery</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5281" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class5307"><span class="text_class5308"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5268 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5309"><span class="text_class5310"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5311"><span class="text_class5312"><span class="text_class41">5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5313" colspan="3"><p class="paragraph_class5314"><span class="text_class5315"><span class="text_class41">WFD connection establishment with Wi-Fi P2P</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5263 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5316"><span class="text_class5317"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5318"><span class="text_class5319"><span class="text_class41">6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5313" colspan="3"><p class="paragraph_class5320"><span class="text_class5321"><span class="text_class41">WFD connection establishment with Wi-Fi TDLS</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5263 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5322"><span class="text_class5323"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5324"><span class="text_class5325"><span class="text_class41">7</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5258 cell_class5278"><p class="paragraph_class5326"><span class="text_class5327"><span class="text_class41">Persistent WFD Group</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5281" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class5328"><span class="text_class5329"><span class="text_class41">via Wi-Fi P2P</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5268 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5330"><span class="text_class5331"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5332"><span class="text_class5333"><span class="text_class41">8</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5258 cell_class5278"><p class="paragraph_class5334"><span class="text_class5335"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5281" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class5336"><span class="text_class5337"><span class="text_class41">via TDLS</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5268 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5338"><span class="text_class5339"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5340"><span class="text_class5341"><span class="text_class41">9</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5313" colspan="3"><p class="paragraph_class5342"><span class="text_class5343"><span class="text_class41">WFD Capability Negotiation (RTSP)</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5263 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5344"><span class="text_class5345"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5346"><span class="text_class5347"><span class="text_class41">10</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5313" colspan="3"><p class="paragraph_class5348"><span class="text_class5349"><span class="text_class41">WFD Session Establishment (RTSP)</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5263 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5350"><span class="text_class5351"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5352"><span class="text_class5353"><span class="text_class41">11</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5313" colspan="3"><p class="paragraph_class5354"><span class="text_class5355"><span class="text_class41">AV Streaming and Control (MPEG-TS/RTP/RTSP)</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5263 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5356"><span class="text_class5357"><span class="text_class41">Mandatory</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5358"><span class="text_class5359"><span class="text_class41">12</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5313" colspan="3"><p class="paragraph_class5360"><span class="text_class5361"><span class="text_class41">WFD Standby (RTP/RTSP)</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5263 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5362"><span class="text_class5363"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5364"><span class="text_class5365"><span class="text_class41">13</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5313" colspan="3"><p class="paragraph_class5366"><span class="text_class5367"><span class="text_class41">Video CODEC formats</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5263 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5368"><span class="text_class5369"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5370"><span class="text_class5371"><span class="text_class41">14</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5313" colspan="3"><p class="paragraph_class5372"><span class="text_class5373"><span class="text_class41">Audio CODEC formats</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5263 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5374"><span class="text_class5375"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5376"><span class="text_class5377"><span class="text_class41">15</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5378" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class5379"><span class="text_class5380"><span class="text_class41">UIBC</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5263 cell_class5381"><p class="paragraph_class5382"><span class="text_class5383"><span class="text_class41">Generic</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5268 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5384"><span class="text_class5385"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5253 cell_class5275"><p class="paragraph_class5386"><span class="text_class5387"><span class="text_class41">16</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5378" colspan="2"><p class="paragraph_class5388"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5263 cell_class5381"><p class="paragraph_class5389"><span class="text_class5390"><span class="text_class41">HIDC</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5268 cell_class5284"><p class="paragraph_class5391"><span class="text_class5392"><span class="text_class41">Option</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5393"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="138"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.2.8 WiFi Hotspot</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5394"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5395"><span class="text_class5396"><span class="text_class5397"><span class="text_class41">It shall comply with Wi-Fi Hotspot standard.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5398"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5399"><span class="text_class5400"><span class="text_class5401"><span class="text_class41">In-Vehicle system which acts as an a STA(Non-AP Station)shall be able to connect with Hotspot service.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5402"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5403"><span class="text_class5404"><span class="text_class5405"><span class="text_class41">In-Vehicle system which acts as an AP (Access Point) shall be able to provide Hotspot service.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5406"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="139"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.1.13.2.9 DLNA via WiFi</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5407"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5408"><span class="text_class5409"><span class="text_class5410"><span class="text_class41">The In-Vehicle system shall be able to connect with DLNA devices via Wi-Fi.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5411"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="140"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.1.14 Window System</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5412"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5413"><span class="text_class5414"><span class="text_class41">A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user interface. A window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), input devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software component named window manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, and a routing of user interactions.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5415"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="141"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">5.2 Automotive Services</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5416"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5417"><span class="text_class5418"><span class="text_class41">Automotive Services Layer contains services that are not found in a typical Linux distribution but contains services specialized for automotive applications.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5419"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="142"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.1 Audio Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5420"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5421"><span class="text_class5422"><span class="text_class41">BTBF, equilization, mult-zone audio control, etc.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5423"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="143"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.2 Camera Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5424"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5425"><span class="text_class5426"><span class="text_class41">Standard interface to vehicle mounted cameras; backup camera, side and front cameras, etc.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5427"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="144"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.3 Configuration Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5428"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5429"><span class="text_class5430"><span class="text_class41">Service for storing configuration parameters.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5431"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="145"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.4 Diagnostic Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5432"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5433"><span class="text_class5434"><span class="text_class41">Diagnostic services.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5435"><span class="text_class5436"><span class="text_class41">(This is automotive diagnostics such as storing and retrieving DTC. )</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5437"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="146"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.5 Multimedia Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5438"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5439"><span class="text_class5440"><span class="text_class41">CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, MP3, etc.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5441"><span class="text_class5442"><span class="text_class41">(Factor out metadata into separate component.)</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5443"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="147"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.2.5.1 Media Player</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5444"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5445"><span class="text_class5446"><span class="text_class5447"><span class="text_class41">In-vehicle multimedia system shall provide rich and robust user-experience that includes not just support of multiple audio-video formats, but also variety of input and output audio/video devices, both static and dynamically pluggable. In contrast to mobile or desktop applications, there is normally more than one consumer of multimedia content in a car, with front- and rear-seat passengers as well as driver all having independent requirements.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5448"><span class="text_class5449"><span class="text_class5450"><span class="text_class41">The following requirements are considered essential for in-vehicle multimedia system:</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5451"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5452"><span class="text_class5453"><span class="text_class41">Supported multimedia formats shall correspond to major end-user expectations, i.e. the ones encountered in mobile and desktop world.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5454"><span class="text_class5455"><span class="text_class41">Multiple audio / video sources and sinks, both static (i.e. always existing in the system) and dynamic (i.e. appearing and disappearing when user connects a Bluetooth headset or establishes a network connection.)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5456"><span class="text_class5457"><span class="text_class41">Multiple independent consumers of multimedia data and globally configurable routing of audio / video processing chains.</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class5458"><span class="text_class5459"><span class="text_class5460"><span class="text_class41">Latency requirements of audio/video processing may also vary depending on a type of the data processed; e.g. data from rear-view camera shall be decoded and visualized “instantly” in comparison to a movie clip displayed on rear-passenger monitor, voice notification from navigation software shall not be delayed significantly, speech data passed to and from Bluetooth headset during phone conversation shall have reasonably bounded latencies and so on.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5461"><span class="text_class5462"><span class="text_class5463"><span class="text_class41">It is considered that multimedia system may consist of multiple processing units, and therefore processing load balancing mechanism shall be present. Mechanisms of audio/video processing offloading to dedicated processing units (hardware acceleration) shall be provisioned, with particular implementation freedom left for a silicon vendor.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5464"><span class="text_class5465"><span class="text_class5466"><span class="text_class41">The following requirements formalize these considerations.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5467"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="148"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.2.5.2 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5468"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="149"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.2.5.2.1 Media Containers</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5469"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5470"><span class="text_class5471"><span class="text_class5472"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide an API that allows handling of various media data within the system. This includes audio/video playback and recording as well as media streaming over the network. It shall be possible to run multiple media streams in parallel for all IVI users, with configurable input/output devices routing. Multimedia framework does not necessarily need to be isolated from application (that is, it may run in the same address space as application), however it shall be guaranteed that independent applications using the framework are isolated from each other.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5473"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5474"><span class="text_class5475"><span class="text_class5476"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide support for extraction from media containers streams other than audio-visual, for example subtitles. Application shall be able to retrieve timing information as well as stream identification data from media container.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5477"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5478"><span class="text_class5479"><span class="text_class5480"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide support for major network streaming protocols such as:</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5481"><span class="text_class5482"><span class="text_class41">HTTP</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5483"><span class="text_class5484"><span class="text_class41">RTPS</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5485"><span class="text_class5486"><span class="text_class41">Digital Radio (DAB)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5487"><span class="text_class5488"><span class="text_class41">DigitalTV (DVB-T) etc.</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class5489"><span class="text_class5490"><span class="text_class5491"><span class="text_class41">It shall be possible to extend the set of supported streaming protocols in accordance with system requirements.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5492"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5493"><span class="text_class5494"><span class="text_class5495"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide a mechanism to utilize available hardware accelerators to offload computationally extensive processing to specialized units in vendor-specific way. Such extension, if available, shall be transparent to the applications.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5496"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5497"><span class="text_class5498"><span class="text_class5499"><span class="text_class41">Lip Synch must be implemented as plug-in software for Multimedia Framework.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5500"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5501"><span class="text_class5502"><span class="text_class5503"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide a mechanism to automatically detect type of media data contained in the source file, and to instantiate all required components to organize data processing without intervention of the application. It shall be, however, possible for application to control this process if it is essential for its functionality. Example of such intervention would be selection of particular audio track (in user-chosen language) or selection of particular video stream from multiple choices.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5504"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5505"><span class="text_class5506"><span class="text_class5507"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide an API to control execution of audio/video processing chain, specifically shall support the following functionality:</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5508"><span class="text_class5509"><span class="text_class41">Selection of data source and destination (files, devices, network resources)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5510"><span class="text_class5511"><span class="text_class41">Pausing/resuming of multimedia streams</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5512"><span class="text_class5513"><span class="text_class41">Rewinding in forward and reverse directions (for playback)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5514"><span class="text_class5515"><span class="text_class41">Audio volume control on per-stream basis</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5516"><span class="text_class5517"><span class="text_class41">Retrieval of current stream position (timestamp)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5518"><span class="text_class5519"><span class="text_class5520"><span class="text_class5521"><span class="text_class41">Notifications on error conditions preventing multimedia stream processing</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5522"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5523"><span class="text_class5524"><span class="text_class5525"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide a mechanism to specify routing of input and output devices that are involved into multimedia data processing. In particular, for playback scenario it shall be possible to specify where audio and video data is rendered, and for recording scenario it shall be possible to specify capturing source. It shall be possible to organize broadcasting of decoded raw audio/video streams to multiple renderers as well.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5526"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5527"><span class="text_class5528"><span class="text_class5529"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall include a dedicated sound server that simplifies routing, mixing, post-processing and synchronization of raw PCM audio streams. Specifically, the following functionality is expected:</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5530"><span class="text_class5531"><span class="text_class41">Support for multiple audio sources and audio sinks with arbitrary (configurable) routing.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5532"><span class="text_class5533"><span class="text_class41">Per-stream volume and audio effects control.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5534"><span class="text_class5535"><span class="text_class41">Resampling and format conversion (e.g. channels downmixing, sample width conversion).</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5536"><span class="text_class5537"><span class="text_class41">Sample-accurate streams synchronization (e.g. for echo-cancellation purpose).</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5538"><span class="text_class5539"><span class="text_class41">Mixing and broadcasting of the audio streams.</span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5540"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5541"><span class="text_class5542"><span class="text_class5543"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide a mechanism to control sound server configuration in run-time, that is, to specify the rules and policies defining system response to external events like adding or removing of new audio device (e.g. Bluetooth headset connection), receiving of the phone call, emergency system alarm output and so on.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5544"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5545"><span class="text_class5546"><span class="text_class5547"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide support for major multimedia containers, such as:</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class5548"><p class="paragraph_class5549"><span class="text_class5550"><span class="text_class5551"><span class="text_class41">MPEG2-TS/PS </span></span></span><span class="text_class5552"><span class="text_class41">(ISO/IEC 13818-1)</span></span></p></li><li class="list_detail_class5548"><p class="paragraph_class5553"><span class="text_class5554"><span class="text_class5555"><span class="text_class41">MP4 </span></span></span><span class="text_class5556"><span class="text_class41">(MPEG-4 Part 14, ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003)</span></span></p></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class5557"><span class="text_class5558"><span class="text_class5559"><span class="text_class41">It shall be possible to extend the set of supported multimedia formats in accordance with system requirements.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5560"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5561"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5562"><span class="text_class5563"><span class="text_class41">It must be possible to extend AGL to support </span></span><span class="text_class5564"><span class="text_class41">additional optional </span></span><span class="text_class5565"><span class="text_class41">multimedia containers such as:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5566"><span class="text_class41">OGG (RFC 3533)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5567"><span class="text_class41">3GPP (ISO/IEC 14496-12)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5568"><span class="text_class41">etc</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5569"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="150"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.2.5.2.2 Media Audio Codecs</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5570"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5571"><span class="text_class5572"><span class="text_class5573"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide support for major audio codecs, such as:</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5574"><span class="text_class5575"><span class="text_class41">MP3 </span></span></span><span class="text_class5576"><span class="text_class41">(MPEG-1/2 Audio Layer-3, ISO/IEC 11172-3, ISO/IEC 13818-3)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5577"><span class="text_class41">AAC (ISO/IEC 13818-7, ISO/IEC 14496-3)</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class5578"><span class="text_class5579"><span class="text_class5580"><span class="text_class41">It shall be possible to extend the set of supported audio codecs in accordance with system requirements.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5581"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5582"><span class="text_class5583"><span class="text_class5584"><span class="text_class41">It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional audio codecs, such as:</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class5548"><p class="paragraph_class5585"><span class="text_class5586"><span class="text_class5587"><span class="text_class41">VORBIS </span></span></span><span class="text_class5588"><span class="text_class41">(</span><a class="hyperlink_class5589 Hyperlink" href="http://xiph.org/vorbis/">http://xiph.org/vorbis/</a><span class="text_class41">)</span></span></p></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5590"><span class="text_class5591"><span class="text_class41">Windows Media Audio</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5592"><span class="text_class5593"><span class="text_class41">etc.</span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5594"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="151"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.2.5.2.3 Media Video Codecs</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5595"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5596"><span class="text_class5597"><span class="text_class5598"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide support for major video codecs, such as:</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5599"><span class="text_class5600"><span class="text_class41">MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818-2)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5601"><span class="text_class5602"><span class="text_class41">MPEG-4 Part 2 (ISO/IEC 14496-2)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class5548"><p class="paragraph_class5603"><span class="text_class5604"><span class="text_class5605"><span class="text_class41">H.264 </span></span></span><span class="text_class5606"><span class="text_class41">(MPEG-4 Part10, ISO/IEC 14496-10, ITU-T H.264)</span></span></p></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class5607"><span class="text_class5608"><span class="text_class5609"><span class="text_class41">It shall be possible to extend the set of supported video codecs in accordance with system requirements.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5610"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5611"><span class="text_class5612"><span class="text_class41">It must be possible to extend AGL to support additional </span></span><span class="text_class5613"><span class="text_class5614"><span class="text_class41">video codecs, such as:</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5615"><span class="text_class5616"><span class="text_class41">Theora (www.theora.org)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5617"><span class="text_class5618"><span class="text_class41">Windows Media Video</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5619"><span class="text_class5620"><span class="text_class41">etc</span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5621"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="152"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.2.5.2.4 Image File Formats</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5622"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5623"><span class="text_class41">The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in BMP, up to 32 bit true colour.</span></p><p class="paragraph_class5624"><span class="text_class41">Compression formats</span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class41">RLE 8 bits/pixel</span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class41">RLE 4 bits/pixel</span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class41">Bit field or Huffman 1D compression</span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class41">JPEG or RLE-24</span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class41">PNG</span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5625"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5626"><span class="text_class41">The system shall be able to perform all required operations on Viewing of Image in JPEG/JPEG 2000</span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5627"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5628"><span class="text_class41">The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in JPEG XR/HD, including Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) format.</span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5629"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5630"><span class="text_class41">The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on Viewing of Image in PNG, including transparency</span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5631"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5632"><span class="text_class41">The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in GIF 87a and enhanced version 89a and also animation in GIFF images.</span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5633"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5634"><span class="text_class41">The system shall be able to perform all required operations on viewing images in TIFF format.</span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5635"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5636"><span class="text_class41">The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in WBMP format.</span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5637"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5638"><span class="text_class41">The system shall implement the ability to perform all required operations on viewing of Image in WBMP format.</span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5639"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="153"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.6 Navigation Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5640"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5641"><span class="text_class5642"><span class="text_class41">Navigation engine</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5643"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="154"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.7 PIM</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5644"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5645"><span class="text_class5646"><span class="text_class41">Personal Information Manager; calendar, appointments, reminders, etc.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5647"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="155"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.8 Smartphone Link</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5648"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5649"><span class="text_class5650"><span class="text_class41">This section describes regarding Smartphone link. Smartphone Link is the technology which realizes that video and audio streaming play which data from smartphone. And touch operation is possible to share between IVI and smartphone. MirrorLink, Miracast, SmartDeviceLink and AirPlay are technologies that realize Smartphone Link. By this technology, it is possible to use smartphone content (map, music, browser...) by IVI.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5651"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class5652"><span class="text_class5653"><span class="text_class41">Figure 8-30 shows the system structure of the Smartphone Link.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5654"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/a5155801-56b4-45d1-8efb-51457973a6ba_url_8728e553-96ee-4bdb-9629-ecafc900bcf0.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5655"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5656"><span class="text_class5657"><span class="text_class5658"><span class="text_class41">Figure: 8-30</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5659"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5660"><span class="text_class5661"><span class="text_class5662"><span class="text_class41">AGL defines following requirements of Smartphone link.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5663"><span class="text_class5664"><span class="text_class5665"><span class="text_class41">1. The screen of smartphone shall be mirrored to IVI.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5666"><span class="text_class5667"><span class="text_class5668"><span class="text_class41">2. The sound of smartphone shall be linked to IVI.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5669"><span class="text_class5670"><span class="text_class5671"><span class="text_class41">3. The sound shall be synchronized with the screen.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5672"><span class="text_class5673"><span class="text_class5674"><span class="text_class41">4. IVI should operate smartphone.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5675"><span class="text_class5676"><span class="text_class5677"><span class="text_class41">5. The response time of operations from IVI should be less than 200ms.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5678"><span class="text_class5679"><span class="text_class5680"><span class="text_class41">6. If connection between smart phone and ivi was disconnected by external factor, then should inform the "disconnection" to a user and return to the normal state.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5681"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class5682"><span class="text_class5683"><span class="text_class5684"><span class="text_class41">This document describes “Miracast” and “SmartDeviceLink” from the reference of Smartphone link.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5685"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="156"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.2.8.1 Miracast</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5686"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5687"><span class="text_class5688"><span class="text_class5689"><span class="text_class41">This section describes requirements regarding</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class5690"><span class="text_class5691"><span class="text_class41">Smartphone link (Miracast).</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5692"><span class="text_class5693"><span class="text_class5694"><span class="text_class41">Miracast is the display transfer technology using wireless connection which was defined by Wi-Fi Alliance. Send screen data from source device to sink device and it realize display sharing between source device and sink device.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5695"><span class="text_class5696"><span class="text_class5697"><span class="text_class41">Following figure (</span></span></span><span class="text_class5698"><span class="text_class5699"><span class="text_class41">Figure: 8‑31</span></span></span><span class="text_class5700"><span class="text_class5701"><span class="text_class41">) shows the system structure of Miracast.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5702"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/9c8bf58c-d03a-4ec3-a644-79ab711fb199_url_6131e9fd-f412-42ea-ab3b-8b388a06ae85.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5703"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5704"><span class="text_class5705"><span class="text_class5706"><span class="text_class41">Figure: 8-31</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5707"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5708"><span class="text_class5709"><span class="text_class5710"><span class="text_class41">Follow reference documents to support Miracast if there was no description of this section.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5711"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class5712"><span class="text_class5713"><span class="text_class5714"><span class="text_class41">References</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5715"><span class="text_class5716"><span class="text_class5717"><span class="text_class41">[1] Wi-Fi Display Technical Specification Version 1.0.0</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5718"><span class="text_class5719"><span class="text_class5720"><span class="text_class41">[2] W-Fi Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Technical Specification Version 1.2</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5721"><span class="text_class5722"><span class="text_class5723"><span class="text_class41">[3] High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System Interface Independent Adaption Revision 2.2</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5724"><span class="text_class5725"><span class="text_class5726"><span class="text_class41">[4] DCP (Digital Content Protection) </span><a class="hyperlink_class5727 Hyperlink" href="http://www.digital-cp.com/">http://www.digital-cp.com/</a></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5728"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5729"><span class="text_class5730"><span class="text_class5731"><span class="text_class41">AGL provide display sharing technology between Smartphone and IVI system using Miracast.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5732"><span class="text_class5733"><span class="text_class5734"><span class="text_class41">AGL defines following Smartphone link (Miracast) specification as</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class5735"><span class="text_class5736"><span class="text_class41">Table 8‑14</span></span></span><span class="text_class5737"><span class="text_class5738"><span class="text_class41">.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5739"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5741 cell_class5740"><p class="paragraph_class5742"><span class="text_class5743"><span class="text_class5744"><span class="text_class41">No</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5746 cell_class5745"><p class="paragraph_class5747"><span class="text_class5748"><span class="text_class5749"><span class="text_class41">Requires</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5751 cell_class5750"><p class="paragraph_class5752"><span class="text_class5753"><span class="text_class5754"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5741 cell_class5755"><p class="paragraph_class5756"><span class="text_class5757"><span class="text_class41">SPL.1.1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5746 cell_class5758"><p class="paragraph_class5759"><span class="text_class5760"><span class="text_class41">WFD Topology</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5751 cell_class5761"><p class="paragraph_class5762"><span class="text_class5763"><span class="text_class41">Define role of Miracast</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5741 cell_class5755"><p class="paragraph_class5764"><span class="text_class5765"><span class="text_class41">SPL.1.2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5746 cell_class5758"><p class="paragraph_class5766"><span class="text_class5767"><span class="text_class41">Connection Topology</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5751 cell_class5761"><p class="paragraph_class5768"><span class="text_class5769"><span class="text_class41">Define connection condition between </span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5770"><span class="text_class5771"><span class="text_class41">a smartphone and an IVI</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5741 cell_class5755"><p class="paragraph_class5772"><span class="text_class5773"><span class="text_class41">SPL.1.2.1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5746 cell_class5758"><p class="paragraph_class5774"><span class="text_class5775"><span class="text_class41">P2P Topology</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5751 cell_class5761"><p class="paragraph_class5776"><span class="text_class5777"><span class="text_class41">Define connection method of P2P (Wi-Fi Direct).</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5741 cell_class5755"><p class="paragraph_class5778"><span class="text_class5779"><span class="text_class41">SPL.1.2.2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5746 cell_class5758"><p class="paragraph_class5780"><span class="text_class5781"><span class="text_class41">Wi-Fi Frequency</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5751 cell_class5761"><p class="paragraph_class5782"><span class="text_class5783"><span class="text_class41">Define Wi-Fi frequency</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5741 cell_class5755"><p class="paragraph_class5784"><span class="text_class5785"><span class="text_class41">SPL.1.3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5746 cell_class5758"><p class="paragraph_class5786"><span class="text_class5787"><span class="text_class41">Video Format</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5751 cell_class5761"><p class="paragraph_class5788"><span class="text_class5789"><span class="text_class41">Define Video format</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5741 cell_class5755"><p class="paragraph_class5790"><span class="text_class5791"><span class="text_class41">SPL.1.4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5746 cell_class5758"><p class="paragraph_class5792"><span class="text_class5793"><span class="text_class41">Audio Format</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5751 cell_class5761"><p class="paragraph_class5794"><span class="text_class5795"><span class="text_class41">Define Audio format </span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5741 cell_class5755"><p class="paragraph_class5796"><span class="text_class5797"><span class="text_class41">SPL.1.5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5746 cell_class5758"><p class="paragraph_class5798"><span class="text_class5799"><span class="text_class41">Session Control</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5751 cell_class5761"><p class="paragraph_class5800"><span class="text_class5801"><span class="text_class41">Define Miracast session state</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5741 cell_class5755"><p class="paragraph_class5802"><span class="text_class5803"><span class="text_class41">SPL.1.6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5746 cell_class5758"><p class="paragraph_class5804"><span class="text_class5805"><span class="text_class41">Link Content Protection</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5751 cell_class5761"><p class="paragraph_class5806"><span class="text_class5807"><span class="text_class41">Define content protection function required </span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5808"><span class="text_class5809"><span class="text_class41">for implementing Miracast</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5741 cell_class5755"><p class="paragraph_class5810"><span class="text_class5811"><span class="text_class41">SPL.1.7</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5746 cell_class5758"><p class="paragraph_class5812"><span class="text_class5813"><span class="text_class41">Resource Management</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5751 cell_class5761"><p class="paragraph_class5814"><span class="text_class5815"><span class="text_class41">Define resource management</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5741 cell_class5755"><p class="paragraph_class5816"><span class="text_class5817"><span class="text_class41">SPL.1.8</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5746 cell_class5758"><p class="paragraph_class5818"><span class="text_class5819"><span class="text_class41">Fail-safe Control</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5751 cell_class5761"><p class="paragraph_class5820"><span class="text_class5821"><span class="text_class41">Define Fail-safe control</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5822"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5823"><span class="text_class5824"><span class="text_class5825"><span class="text_class41">Table 8-14:</span></span></span><span class="text_class5826"><span class="text_class5827"><span class="text_class41"> Smartphone Link (Miracast) Requirements</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5828"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5829"><img class="image_class162" src="img/477b0857-f2b7-4d49-967a-6e48261700ea_url_31d2e990-b099-4e5a-9a6c-14de3816eef7.tmp"></img></p><p class="paragraph_class5830"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5831"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5832"><span class="text_class5833"><span class="text_class5834"><span class="text_class41">Figure: 8-32 State Change Diagram</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5835"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5836"><span class="text_class5837"><span class="text_class41">The states of Smartphone link (Miracast) is defined in Table 8-32.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5838"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5839"><span class="text_class5840"><span class="text_class5841"><span class="text_class41">Table 8-32:</span></span></span><span class="text_class5842"><span class="text_class5843"><span class="text_class41"> State Definition</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5844"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5846 cell_class5845"><p class="paragraph_class5847"><span class="text_class5848"><span class="text_class5849"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5850 cell_class5105"><p class="paragraph_class5851"><span class="text_class5852"><span class="text_class5853"><span class="text_class41">State</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5855 cell_class5854"><p class="paragraph_class5856"><span class="text_class5857"><span class="text_class5858"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5846 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class5859"><span class="text_class5860"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5850 cell_class5861"><p class="paragraph_class5862"><span class="text_class5863"><span class="text_class41">Idle</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5855 cell_class5864"><p class="paragraph_class5865"><span class="text_class5866"><span class="text_class41">Smartphone link (Miracast) function is not initialized.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5846 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class5867"><span class="text_class5868"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5850 cell_class5861"><p class="paragraph_class5869"><span class="text_class5870"><span class="text_class41">Initialized</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5855 cell_class5864"><p class="paragraph_class5871"><span class="text_class5872"><span class="text_class41">Smartphone link (Miracast) function is initialized and waiting for Wi-Fi P2P connection from source device.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5846 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class5873"><span class="text_class5874"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5850 cell_class5861"><p class="paragraph_class5875"><span class="text_class5876"><span class="text_class41">Connected Wi-Fi P2P</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5855 cell_class5864"><p class="paragraph_class5877"><span class="text_class5878"><span class="text_class41">Established Wi-Fi P2P connection with source device.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5846 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class5879"><span class="text_class5880"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5850 cell_class5861"><p class="paragraph_class5881"><span class="text_class5882"><span class="text_class41">Initiated</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5855 cell_class5864"><p class="paragraph_class5883"><span class="text_class5884"><span class="text_class41">Smartphone link (Miracast) session is established.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5846 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class5885"><span class="text_class5886"><span class="text_class41">5</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5850 cell_class5861"><p class="paragraph_class5887"><span class="text_class5888"><span class="text_class41">Play</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5855 cell_class5864"><p class="paragraph_class5889"><span class="text_class5890"><span class="text_class41">Streaming the audio and video content from source device to sink device.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5846 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class5891"><span class="text_class5892"><span class="text_class41">6</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5850 cell_class5861"><p class="paragraph_class5893"><span class="text_class5894"><span class="text_class41">Pause</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class5855 cell_class5864"><p class="paragraph_class5895"><span class="text_class5896"><span class="text_class41">Paused the streaming of audio and video content from source divide to sink device.</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5897"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="157"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.2.8.2 Smart Device Link</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5898"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5899"><span class="text_class5900"><span class="text_class5901"><span class="text_class41">“Smart Device Link”, aka “SDL”, is template based approach of smartphone link capability. Application itself is in a mobile phone, however, HMI is provided by IVI system. This approach makes it possible to apply IVI adapted user experience, such as larger button to prevent driver’s distraction and voice recognition.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5902"><span class="text_class5903"><span class="text_class5904"><span class="text_class41">That means, application requests to IVI system, then IVI system will respond by using remote procedure calls. Application’s HMI will be rendered by IVI system by using IVI’s HMI framework and/or policy, though all the application’s logic is contained in mobile phone.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class5905"><span class="text_class5906"><span class="text_class5907"><span class="text_class41">SDL provides more suitable HMI for IVI rather than mirroring type approach, however, mobile phone’s application must support SDL capability. In other words, only SDL supported applications can be launched.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5908"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/d0656fc8-77ac-4b40-9601-c5857e46a879_url_31eb90ab-c8eb-41af-b5e8-369e049a96dc.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5909"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5910"><span class="text_class5911"><span class="text_class5912"><span class="text_class41">Figure 8-33 : SDL overview</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5913"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="158"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.2.8.3 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5914"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="159"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.2.8.3.1 Miracast</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5915"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class5916"><span class="text_class5917"><span class="text_class5918"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a capability of Miracast as smartphone link function.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5919"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5920"><span class="text_class5921"><span class="text_class41">Support WFD Primary Sink and support MPEG2-TS(Video, Audio) streaming play which from Source Device</span></span></span><span class="text_class5922"><span class="text_class5923"><span class="text_class41">（</span></span></span><span class="text_class5924"><span class="text_class5925"><span class="text_class41">Smartphone</span></span></span><span class="text_class5926"><span class="text_class5927"><span class="text_class41">）</span></span></span><span class="text_class5928"><span class="text_class5929"><span class="text_class41">.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5930"><span class="text_class5931"><span class="text_class41">Supporting WFD Source is an option.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5932"><span class="text_class5933"><span class="text_class41">Support customize function using “Miracast setting file” which used for negotiation (*1) source device and sink device (*1. Video format, audio format and other parameters).</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5934"><span class="text_class5935"><span class="text_class5936"><span class="text_class5937"><span class="text_class41">Screen data which from Smartphone may not support Drivers Destruction, therefore</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class5938"><span class="text_class5939"><span class="text_class41">take measures to</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class5940"><span class="text_class5941"><span class="text_class41">Drivers Destruction. (e.g. Disable Miracast during vehicle speed over 5Km/H)</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5942"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5943"><span class="text_class5944"><span class="text_class41">Support Wi-Fi P2P connection.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5945"><span class="text_class5946"><span class="text_class41">Follow reference [1] and reference [2] to support Wi-Fi P2P function, parameters in Miracast connection and so on if there was no description of this section.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5947"><span class="text_class5948"><span class="text_class41">Wi-Fi TDLS connection is an option.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5949"><span class="text_class5950"><span class="text_class41">AGL do not define</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class5951"><span class="text_class5952"><span class="text_class41">confliction specification regarding Wi-Fi connection. (e.g. User select Wi-Fi P2P connect ion during accessing Wi-Fi connection.)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5953"><span class="text_class5954"><span class="text_class5955"><span class="text_class5956"><span class="text_class41">AGL do not define</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class5957"><span class="text_class5958"><span class="text_class41">confliction specification regarding Sink device operation when receive connection request from Source device.</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class5959"><span class="text_class5960"><span class="text_class41">(e.g. Connect automatically,</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class5961"><span class="text_class5962"><span class="text_class41">ask user for confirmation</span></span></span><span class="text_class5963"><span class="text_class5964"><span class="text_class41">)</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5965"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5966"><span class="text_class5967"><span class="text_class41">Support P2P Group Owner and P2P client as the topology of Wi-Fi P2P connection.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5968"><span class="text_class5969"><span class="text_class5970"><span class="text_class5971"><span class="text_class41">Support DHCP server and DHCP client for TCP/IP seamless connection after P2P connection established.</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5972"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5973"><span class="text_class5974"><span class="text_class41">Support 2.4GHz band for the frequency of Wi-Fi P2P connection.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5975"><span class="text_class5976"><span class="text_class5977"><span class="text_class5978"><span class="text_class41">Supporting 5GHz band is an option, but support DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) function if support 5GHz band.</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class5979"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5980"><span class="text_class5981"><span class="text_class41">Follow reference [1] for Video Codec.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5982"><span class="text_class5983"><span class="text_class41">Support follow format for Video Resolution and Frame rate.</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5984"><span class="text_class5985"><span class="text_class41">640*480</span></span></span><span class="text_class5986"><span class="text_class5987"><span class="text_class41">（</span></span></span><span class="text_class5988"><span class="text_class5989"><span class="text_class41">VGA</span></span></span><span class="text_class5990"><span class="text_class5991"><span class="text_class41">） </span></span></span><span class="text_class5992"><span class="text_class5993"><span class="text_class41">Progressive 60 fps</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class5994"><span class="text_class5995"><span class="text_class41">1280*720</span></span></span><span class="text_class5996"><span class="text_class5997"><span class="text_class41">（</span></span></span><span class="text_class5998"><span class="text_class5999"><span class="text_class41">HD</span></span></span><span class="text_class6000"><span class="text_class6001"><span class="text_class41">）</span></span></span><span class="text_class6002"><span class="text_class6003"><span class="text_class41">Progressive 30 fps</span></span></span></li></ul></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class6004"><span class="text_class6005"><span class="text_class6006"><span class="text_class41">Regarding Video resolution and Frame rate, other formats are an option.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6007"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6008"><span class="text_class6009"><span class="text_class41">Support follow format for Audio.</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6010"><span class="text_class6011"><span class="text_class41">LPCM 48ksps 16bit 2ch</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6012"><span class="text_class6013"><span class="text_class41">AAC 48ksps 16bit 2ch</span></span></span></li></ul></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class6014"><span class="text_class6015"><span class="text_class6016"><span class="text_class41">Regarding Audio Format, other formats are an option.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6017"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6018"><span class="text_class6019"><span class="text_class6020"><span class="text_class41">When the state changes "Pause", take measures to give notice of pause for user. (e.g.</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class6021"><span class="text_class6022"><span class="text_class41">pop-up notification)</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6023"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6024"><span class="text_class6025"><span class="text_class6026"><span class="text_class41">Screen data which from Smartphone may be protected by</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class6027"><span class="text_class6028"><span class="text_class41">content protection, therefore support content protection function.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6029"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6030"><span class="text_class6031"><span class="text_class41">AGL recommend HDCP function which described reference [2], [3]. But AGL do not define HDCP function. Each vendor should support</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class6032"><span class="text_class6033"><span class="text_class41">content protection function as for vendor’s own reason.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6034"><span class="text_class6035"><span class="text_class41">Support both</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class6036"><span class="text_class6037"><span class="text_class41">encryptio</span></span></span><span class="text_class6038"><span class="text_class6039"><span class="text_class41">n cases if support HDCP function.</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6040"><span class="text_class6041"><span class="text_class41">Case1 Videos data</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class6042"><span class="text_class6043"><span class="text_class41">encryption</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6044"><span class="text_class6045"><span class="text_class41">Case2 Both video and audio encryption</span></span></span></li></ul></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class6046"><span class="text_class6047"><span class="text_class6048"><span class="text_class41">Take notice that it is necessary to satisfy security requirements specified according to DCP.(reference [4])</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6049"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6050"><span class="text_class6051"><span class="text_class41">Miracast must support interruption by other function. If some high priority event occurs, then Miracast release screen and audio resources for the event.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6052"><span class="text_class6053"><span class="text_class6054"><span class="text_class6055"><span class="text_class41">It is selectable how to deal Miracast session. (Standby Miracast session or close Miracast session.)</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6056"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6057"><span class="text_class6058"><span class="text_class41">Support a notification to a user and returning to the normal state, if following events happen.</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6059"><span class="text_class6060"><span class="text_class41">Failed to Wi-Fi connection</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6061"><span class="text_class6062"><span class="text_class41">Failed to establish Miracast session</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6063"><span class="text_class6064"><span class="text_class41">Wi-Fi link loss on Miracast</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6065"><span class="text_class6066"><span class="text_class6067"><span class="text_class6068"><span class="text_class41">Break Miracast connection from smartphone</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6069"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="160"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.2.8.3.2 Smart Device Link</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6070"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6071"><span class="text_class6072"><span class="text_class6073"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a capability of Smart Device Link as smartphone link function.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6074"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6075"><span class="text_class6076"><span class="text_class6077"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to render HMI of SDL according to template.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6078"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6079"><span class="text_class6080"><span class="text_class6081"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to enable user interface regarding SDL by using touch panel device of IVI device.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6082"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6083"><span class="text_class6084"><span class="text_class6085"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to enable user interface regarding SDL by using voice recognition of IVI system.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6086"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6087"><span class="text_class6088"><span class="text_class6089"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to link Android device regarding SDL capability. </span></span></span><span class="text_class6090"><span class="text_class41">Connectivity method must be supported Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6091"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6092"><span class="text_class6093"><span class="text_class6094"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to link iPhone device regarding SDL capability. </span></span></span><span class="text_class6095"><span class="text_class41">Connectivity method must be supported Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6096"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="161"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.9 Speech Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6097"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6098"><span class="text_class6099"><span class="text_class41">The Speech Services module provides voice recognition and synthesis for AGL applications.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6100"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6101"><span class="text_class6102"><span class="text_class6103"><span class="text_class41">AGL system voice framework must be able to record and interpret voice commands</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6104"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6105"><span class="text_class6106"><span class="text_class6107"><span class="text_class41">AGL system voice framework must be able to convert text to synthesized speech</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6108"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="162"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.10 Tuner Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6109"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6110"><span class="text_class6111"><span class="text_class41">The Tuner Services module provides a mechanism that allows different tuner types to plug into the same API regardless of the receiver type. Support for AM/FM, HD Radio, SDARS, DAB, DRM, TV Tuners etc is provided. The Tuner Services module shall allow multiple tuners to be present in the same system and allow its clients to address each tuner in the system independently.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6112"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="163"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.2.10.1 Receivers</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6113"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6114"><span class="text_class6115"><span class="text_class41">The Receivers module of Automotive Grade Linux may control different receiver types including AM, FM, Hybrid Digital (HD) Radio, SDARS, and DAB tuners. The module may access any number of different tuners. For all tuner types the module supports accessing station data from the tuner, changing the receiver frequency or station and reading station metadata about current content.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6116"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6117"><span class="text_class6118"><span class="text_class41">The Receivers module shall provide a mechanism that allows different tuner types to plug into the same API regardless of the receiver type.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6119"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6120"><span class="text_class6121"><span class="text_class41">The Receivers module shall allow multiple receivers to be present in the same system and allow its clients to address each receiver in the system independently.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6122"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="164"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.2.10.1.1 HD Radio</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6123"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6124"><span class="text_class6125"><span class="text_class41">HD Radio is a proprietary In-Band on Channel (IBOC) system created and owned by Ibiquity. An HD radio receives analog AM/FM signals and can also use digital information in a subband to provide additional stations and/or enhance the audio quality of the main station. When the receiver is decoding digital data for AM/FM playback it is commonly thought of as HD Radio. The HD Radio system architecture shall conform to the broadcast system design proposed by the iBiquity Digital Corporation detailed in RX_SSFD_5029. </span></span><span class="text_class6126"><span class="text_class41">Both the HD hardware and functional design shall meet all iBiquity Digital specifications, and satisfy the Type Approval specified by iBiquity Digital.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6127"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6128"><span class="text_class6129"><span class="text_class41">The IBOC hardware is assumed to have three modes which will be used to describe the requirements in this section.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6130"><span class="text_class6131"><span class="text_class41">1) AM - radio is decoding an over the air AM station.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6132"><span class="text_class6133"><span class="text_class41">2) FM - radio is decoding an over the air FM station.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6134"><span class="text_class6135"><span class="text_class41">3) HD - radio is decoding an AM or FM station using the subband for the over the air station. Each requirement may refer to AM and/or FM and/or HD to specify the modes the requirement is applicable to.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6136"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6137"><span class="text_class6138"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the HD radio reception and present the status to the system.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6139"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6140"><span class="text_class6141"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD tuner shall be able to tune to a specified frequency and report the result of the tuning process. The possible results are, Tuning successful and Tuning unsuccessful. If Tuning successful event is notified by the tuner, it shall play the audio through the selected audio output. If tuner notifies the Tuning unsuccessful event, the system shall inform that "No Reception" is available in that specific channel.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6142"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6143"><span class="text_class6144"><span class="text_class41">AM system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to the system, which shall be added in the station database.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6145"><span class="text_class41">Frequency</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6146"><span class="text_class41">Mono/Stereo</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6147"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6148"><span class="text_class6149"><span class="text_class41">FM system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to the system, which shall be added in the station database.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6150"><span class="text_class41">Frequency</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6151"><span class="text_class41">PI Code (RDS only)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6152"><span class="text_class41">PTY (RDS only)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6153"><span class="text_class41">Radio Text (RDS only)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6154"><span class="text_class41">PS Name (RDS only)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6155"><span class="text_class41">Category (RDS only)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6156"><span class="text_class41">Mono/Stereo</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6157"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6158"><span class="text_class6159"><span class="text_class41">HD system shall extract following parameters from a successfully tuned channel and present to the system, which shall be added in the station database.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6160"><span class="text_class41">Frequency</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6161"><span class="text_class41">PTY</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6162"><span class="text_class41">No of HD channels available</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6163"><span class="text_class41">Radio Text</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6164"><span class="text_class41">Channel Name</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6165"><span class="text_class41">Category</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6166"><span class="text_class41">Bit rate</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6167"><span class="text_class41">Station Logo</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6168"><span class="text_class41">Artist Experience</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6169"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6170"><span class="text_class6171"><span class="text_class41">The System shall allow the tuned frequency to be incremented or decremented.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6172"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6173"><span class="text_class6174"><span class="text_class41">The System shall be able to tune to the next/previous valid station as determined by signal strength.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6175"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6176"><span class="text_class6177"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall be able to abort Seek Up/Down operations.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6178"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6179"><span class="text_class6180"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to set the stop sensitivity for seek over FM band and shall be possible to adjust by software.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6181"><span class="text_class41">Range: 15 – 40 dBµV</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6182"><span class="text_class41">Step: 1 dBµV</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6183"><span class="text_class41">Default: 20 dBµV</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6184"><span class="text_class41">Other parameters like multipath shall be possible to use for determining Stop sensitivity level. TBD, Supplier to suggest solution.</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6185"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6186"><span class="text_class6187"><span class="text_class41">AM/HD system shall be able to set the stop sensitivity for seek over AM band and shall be possible to adjust by software.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6188"><span class="text_class41">Range: 20 – 40 dBµV</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6189"><span class="text_class41">Step: 1 dBµV</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6190"><span class="text_class41">Default: 34 dBµV</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6191"><span class="text_class41">It shall be possible to have different setting depending on atmospheric conditions (e.g. different for night and day).</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6192"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6193"><span class="text_class6194"><span class="text_class41">The system shall be able to switch between AM and FM bands.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6195"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6196"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6197"><span class="text_class6198"><span class="text_class41">HD system shall be able to extract the Station Information Service (SIS) Short Name from the SIS Protocol Data Unit (PDU) on the Primary IBOC Data Service (PIDS) logical channel and present to the system. The implementation of SIS Short Name feature shall be in compliance with iBiquity Digital specification "HD Radio™ Air Interface Design Description Station Information Service Transport</span></span><span class="text_class41">".</span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6199"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6200"><span class="text_class6201"><span class="text_class41">HD system shall be able to extract the Station Information Service (SIS) Long Name from the SIS Protocol Data Unit (PDU) on the Primary IBOC Data Service (PIDS) logical channel and present to the system. The implementation of SIS Long Name feature shall be in compliance with iBiquity Digital specification "HD Radio™ Air Interface Design Description Station Information Service Transport".</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6202"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6203"><span class="text_class6204"><span class="text_class41">HD system shall indicate the HD channel number of current tuned channel. It shall be 1 to 8.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6205"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6206"><span class="text_class6207"><span class="text_class41">HD system shall extract the following PAD data from audio stream and present to the system.</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6208"><span class="text_class41">Song</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6209"><span class="text_class41">Artist</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6210"><span class="text_class41">Album</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6211"><span class="text_class41">Genre</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6212"><span class="text_class41">Comments</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6213"><span class="text_class41">Commercial</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6214"><span class="text_class41">Reference Identifier</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class6215"><span class="text_class6216"><span class="text_class41">The system implementation shall be in compliance with iBiquity Digital HD radio specification "HD Radio Air Interface Design Description - Program Service Data Rev. C"</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6217"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6218"><span class="text_class6219"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to receive and extract the RDS/RBDS data and present to the system. The system implementation shall be in compliance with "BS EN 62106:2009, Specification of the radio data system (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting in the frequency range from 87,5 MHz to 108,0 MHz".</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6220"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6221"><span class="text_class6222"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable RDS/RBDS. When RDS/RBDS is enabled/disabled the system shall indicate this.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6223"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6224"><span class="text_class6225"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the radio text display.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6226"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6227"><span class="text_class6228"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall present the Alternative Frequency (AF) setting status to the system.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6229"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6230"><span class="text_class6231"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable alternative frequency switching.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6232"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6233"><span class="text_class6234"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to notify the system when an Emergency Alert Interrupt is received.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6235"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6236"><span class="text_class6237"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to skip the Emergency Alert when it is on-air.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6238"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6239"><span class="text_class6240"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to notify the system when Emergency Alert Interrupt is received through RDS.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6241"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6242"><span class="text_class6243"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to cancel the PTY31 interrupt notification.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6244"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6245"><span class="text_class6246"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Traffic Announcement reception.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6247"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6248"><span class="text_class6249"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall present the status of the FM traffic announcement to the system.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6250"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6251"><span class="text_class6252"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to skip the FM traffic announcement when it is on-air.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6253"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6254"><span class="text_class6255"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable regionalisation.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6256"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6257"><span class="text_class6258"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Traffic Message Channel (TMC) reception.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6259"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6260"><span class="text_class6261"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the Transport Protocol Expert Group (TPEG) reception.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6262"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6263"><span class="text_class6264"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to receive the traffic updates from the Japanese traffic channels.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6265"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6266"><span class="text_class6267"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to enable/disable the News announcement reception.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6268"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6269"><span class="text_class6270"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall be able to skip the News when being broadcast.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6271"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6272"><span class="text_class6273"><span class="text_class41">HD system shall decode PNG images which shall be in compliance with HD Design specification.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6274"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6275"><span class="text_class6276"><span class="text_class41">HD system shall be able to decode the channel icon PNG images and present to the system.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6277"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6278"><span class="text_class6279"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall be able to mute the audio output.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6280"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6281"><span class="text_class6282"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall be able to un-mute the audio output.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6283"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6284"><span class="text_class6285"><span class="text_class41">HD system shall extract the album name, artist name, track number from the audio stream and present to the system.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6286"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6287"><span class="text_class6288"><span class="text_class41">The feature will store the data of a tagged song in non-volatile memory within the IMC. The feature will be able to store at least 50 tags.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6289"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><h6 class="paragraph_class6290 6"><span class="text_class41">5.2.10.1.1.1 Configuration</span></h6></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6291"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6292"><span class="text_class6293"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the frequency band through local configuration file.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6294"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6295"><span class="text_class6296"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the step frequency through local configuration file.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6297"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6298"><span class="text_class6299"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall be able to configure the seek stop level threshold through local configuration file.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6300"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="165"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">5.2.10.1.2 Database Requirements</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6301"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6302"><span class="text_class6303"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall require a database to store the channel list information which contains the following attributes:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6304"><span class="text_class41">Frequency</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6305"><span class="text_class41">PTY (FM & HD only)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6306"><span class="text_class41">Channel name (FM & HD only)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6307"><span class="text_class41">Channel icon (HD Only)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6308"><span class="text_class41">Category (FM & HD only)</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6309"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6310"><span class="text_class6311"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall be able to update the channel list database based on the following conditions:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6312"><span class="text_class41">New channel is found</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6313"><span class="text_class41">Existing channel disappears</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6314"><span class="text_class41">Channel list update shall not create any inconsistency on the current channel list database.</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6315"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6316"><span class="text_class6317"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the channel name, and present to the system.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6318"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6319"><span class="text_class6320"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the ascending order of the frequency, and present to the system.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6321"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6322"><span class="text_class6323"><span class="text_class41">FM/HD system shall sort the channel list database based on the PTY (Program Type) category, and present to the system.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6324"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6325"><span class="text_class6326"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall create favourite station database which consists of the following information:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6327"><span class="text_class41">Station name (FM and HD only)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6328"><span class="text_class41">Frequency</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6329"><span class="text_class41">Status of HD (HD, HD1, HD2)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6330"><span class="text_class41">HD SIS (HD only)</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6331"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6332"><span class="text_class6333"><span class="text_class41">AM/FM/HD system shall be able to update the database based on following conditions:</span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6334"><span class="text_class41">Favourite station changed</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6335"><span class="text_class41">Favourite station is removed</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6336"><span class="text_class41">New favourite is added</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6337"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="166"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.11 Vehicle Bus / Vehicle Info Control</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6338"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6339"><span class="text_class6340"><span class="text_class6341"><span class="text_class41">Vehicle Info Control (VIC) provides a capability to access to various vehicle properties from applications and/or other middleware. </span></span></span><span class="text_class6342"><span class="text_class41">Standardized interfaces are provided to vehicle CAN, and LIN bus. F</span><span class="text_class6343"><span class="text_class41">igure 7-27</span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span></span><span class="text_class6344"><span class="text_class6345"><span class="text_class41">describes overall architecture of Vehicle Info Control. The main purpose of VIC is to provide API to application and/or middleware. Vehicle Info Control has four main functions.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class5548"><p class="paragraph_class6346"><span class="text_class6347"><span class="text_class6348"><span class="text_class41">Vehicle Data Processing</span></span></span></p></li><li class="list_detail_class5548"><p class="paragraph_class6349"><span class="text_class6350"><span class="text_class6351"><span class="text_class41">Communication between ECUs</span></span></span></p></li><li class="list_detail_class5548"><p class="paragraph_class6352"><span class="text_class6353"><span class="text_class41">Vehicle Data Upload</span></span></p></li><li class="list_detail_class5548"><p class="paragraph_class6354"><span class="text_class6355"><span class="text_class41">Simulator</span></span></p></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6356"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><img class="image_class162" src="img/6ff21cad-b4e3-4704-9dc9-11b4e34a6bc7_url_ac9557f9-74bd-413d-98c0-d42dd5f05493.tmp"></img><br/></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6357"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6358"><span class="text_class6359"><span class="text_class6360"><span class="text_class41">Figure 7-27 : Overview of Vehicle Info Control</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6361"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="167"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.2.11.1 Vehicle Data Processing</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6362"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6363"><span class="text_class6364"><span class="text_class6365"><span class="text_class41">Vehicle data is the information about the vehicle itself, and the information in cars (for example, personal information on a driver, etc.). VIC deals with all the information which application and/or middleware need within vehicles. The following data is contained in these.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6366"><span class="text_class6367"><span class="text_class41">Vehicle information about the vehicles itself, such as speed, a shift position,</span></span></span><span class="text_class6368"><span class="text_class41"> </span></span><span class="text_class6369"><span class="text_class6370"><span class="text_class41">temperature</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6371"><span class="text_class6372"><span class="text_class41">User Information, such as a name, taste, etc. of a driver</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6373"><span class="text_class6374"><span class="text_class41">The operation history of a driver</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6375"><span class="text_class41">The operation state of the vehicles which middleware determined based on vehicle conditions, such as speed and day and night</span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class6376"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class6377"><span class="text_class6378"><span class="text_class6379"><span class="text_class41">Vehicles data processing consists of the following functional elements further.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6380"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="168"><h5 class="paragraph_class4447 5"><span class="text_class6381"><span class="text_class41">(1) </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class6382"><span class="text_class41">Abstraction of Vehicles Data</span></span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class6383"><span class="text_class6384"><span class="text_class6385"><span class="text_class41">In VIC, all vehicles data is treated as abstract data. it concerns and comes out of this to the kind of car, or the country of the destination. For example, though speed is detected at the revolving speed of the wheel, in VIC, vehicles data is abstracted and treated at speed and it provides for application and/or middleware. Thereby, application and/or middleware can treat the vehicles data of the same implications and the same unit.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6386"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="169"><h5 class="paragraph_class4447 5"><span class="text_class6387"><span class="text_class41">(2) </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class6388"><span class="text_class41">Maintenance of Vehicles Data</span></span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class6389"><span class="text_class6390"><span class="text_class6391"><span class="text_class41">Each abstracted vehicles data is held. The vehicles data to hold is a current value and the past value (history).</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6392"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="170"><h5 class="paragraph_class4447 5"><span class="text_class6393"><span class="text_class41">(3) </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class6394"><span class="text_class41">Application / Middleware Interface (API)</span></span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class6395"><span class="text_class6396"><span class="text_class6397"><span class="text_class41">The accessing function of the vehicles data from application and/or middleware is offered as API. Acquisition of the current value of vehicles data or the past history, a setup of vehicles data, and the change notice function of vehicles data are included in this. However, each vehicles data restricts the application and/or middleware which can be accessed according to the importance (access control).</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6398"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="171"><h5 class="paragraph_class4447 5"><span class="text_class6399"><span class="text_class41">(4) </span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class6400"><span class="text_class41">Vehicles Interface</span></span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class6401"><span class="text_class6402"><span class="text_class6403"><span class="text_class41">It is a function for managing the various data of vehicles of in-vehicle networks, such as CAN and FlexRay, etc. The component in which the exchange with actual vehicles performs the exchange with vehicles by a vehicle type since it is various is not included in requirements. However, the correspondence procedure of it and VIC is specified. It assumes that two or more Vehicle Interface is prepared depending on a communication method with vehicles, etc. In addition, the vehicles data which can be accessed for every Vehicles Interface is restricted.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6404"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="172"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.2.11.2 Communications between ECUs</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6405"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6406"><span class="text_class6407"><span class="text_class6408"><span class="text_class41">When a system consists of two or more ECUs, the vehicles data managed by ECU other than ECU in which application and/or middleware are working shall also be treated. For this reason, vehicle information processing communicates with it of other ECUs. Thereby, application and/or middleware can be treated, without caring about by which ECU required vehicles data is acquired. In addition, the communication function between ECUs also restricts the vehicle data which each ECU can access.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6409"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="173"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.2.11.3 Vehicle Data Upload</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6410"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6411"><span class="text_class6412"><span class="text_class6413"><span class="text_class41">When a system consists of two or more ECUs, the vehicles data managed by ECU other than ECU in which application and/or middleware are working shall also be treated. For this reason, vehicle information processing communicates with it of other ECUs. Thereby, application and/or middleware can be treated, without caring about by which ECU required vehicles data is acquired. In addition, the communication function between ECUs also restricts the vehicle data which each ECU can access.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6414"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="174"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.2.11.4 Simulator</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6415"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6416"><span class="text_class6417"><span class="text_class6418"><span class="text_class41">In the development environment of application and/or middleware, since actual vehicles data is unacquirable, it is preparing the simulator which imitated actual vehicles, and makes development environment construction easy. By a simulator, it assumes using the steering wheel controller for PC games. Since this function is an object for development environment, let it be an option.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6419"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="175"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">5.2.11.5 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6420"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6421"><span class="text_class6422"><span class="text_class6423"><span class="text_class41">The system must hold vehicle information and must offer the mechanism in which application and/or middleware can access vehicle information.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6424"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6425"><span class="text_class6426"><span class="text_class6427"><span class="text_class41">The system must provide application and/or middleware with vehicle information as an abstract property. For example, the speed of vehicles must be not the number of rotations of a wheel but the speed of a car.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6428"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6429"><span class="text_class6430"><span class="text_class6431"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to add or delete vehicle property easily.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6432"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6433"><span class="text_class6434"><span class="text_class6435"><span class="text_class41">System must support typical vehicle property as “standard property”.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6436"><span class="text_class6437"><span class="text_class6438"><span class="text_class41">As for a standard property, it is desirable for the same attribute name to be the same meaning.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6439"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6440"><span class="text_class6441"><span class="text_class6442"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to add or delete custom vehicle property easily.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6443"><span class="text_class6444"><span class="text_class6445"><span class="text_class41">A custom property is a property which a system donor can add uniquely in addition to a standard property.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6446"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6447"><span class="text_class6448"><span class="text_class6449"><span class="text_class41">Let the unit of the value of Vehicle Info Data be an international unit(meter, gram,</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class6450"><span class="text_class6451"><span class="text_class41">…</span></span></span><span class="text_class6452"><span class="text_class6453"><span class="text_class41">etc)</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6454"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6455"><span class="text_class6456"><span class="text_class6457"><span class="text_class41">The value of Vehicle Info Data should have sufficient accuracy which application and/or middleware need. For example, when a unit is made into Km/h, an integral value is not enough as the accuracy of Velocity. It is necessary to change Km/h into MPH in the country of a mile display. Moreover, it is because the error of the speed display is defined by law.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6458"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6459"><span class="text_class6460"><span class="text_class6461"><span class="text_class41">A vehicle information control facility requires the mechanism in which vehicle information is stored. </span></span></span><span class="text_class6462"><span class="text_class41">A lot of events generate some information at high speed. </span></span><span class="text_class6463"><span class="text_class41">About such information, the load to a system has few directions processed collectively. </span></span><span class="text_class6464"><span class="text_class41">Moreover, when data is taken and spilt by an application, the structure which can carry out recovery is required.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6465"><span class="text_class6466"><span class="text_class6467"><span class="text_class41">It is not realistic to accumulate all the information that changes at high speed. For this reason, In corresponding to neither of the following, it shall not store the change data.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6468"><span class="text_class6469"><span class="text_class41">The amount of change of a value. </span></span></span><span class="text_class6470"><span class="text_class41">It is not accumulated when the difference from the accumulated newest value is </span></span><span class="text_class6471"><span class="text_class41">less than a threshold value.</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6472"><span class="text_class6473"><span class="text_class41">Lapsed time from the last change </span></span></span><span class="text_class6474"><span class="text_class41">It does not accumulate, if time has not passed since the newest accumulation.</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6475"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6476"><span class="text_class6477"><span class="text_class6478"><span class="text_class41">About each vehicle information, the threshold value and cumulative dosage of accumulation need to be able to set up easily.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6479"><span class="text_class6480"><span class="text_class6481"><span class="text_class41">In addition, it also makes it possible not to accumulate specific vehicle information.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6482"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6483"><span class="text_class6484"><span class="text_class6485"><span class="text_class41">System must provide an interface to application and/or middleware regarding vehicle property access.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6486"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6487"><span class="text_class6488"><span class="text_class6489"><span class="text_class41">System must provide an interface to retrieve vehicle property from application and/or middleware.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6490"><span class="text_class6491"><span class="text_class6492"><span class="text_class41">Below attributes must include in this interface</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6493"><span class="text_class41">Zone(optional)</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6494"><span class="text_class41">Property name</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6495"><span class="text_class41">Value</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6496"><span class="text_class6497"><span class="text_class41">Timestamp - </span></span></span><span class="text_class6498"><span class="text_class41">Timestamp specifies last updated time of corresponded vehicle property.</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6499"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6500"><span class="text_class6501"><span class="text_class6502"><span class="text_class41">System must provide an interface to set abstracted value to vehicle property from application and/or middleware.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6503"><span class="text_class6504"><span class="text_class6505"><span class="text_class41">Below attributes must include in this interface.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6506"><span class="text_class6507"><span class="text_class41">Zone(optional)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6508"><span class="text_class6509"><span class="text_class41">Property name</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6510"><span class="text_class6511"><span class="text_class6512"><span class="text_class6513"><span class="text_class41">Value</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6514"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6515"><span class="text_class6516"><span class="text_class6517"><span class="text_class41">System must provide an interface to subscribe status change of vehicle property from application and/or middleware.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6518"><span class="text_class6519"><span class="text_class6520"><span class="text_class41">When status changed, system must invoke callback function with below attributes.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6521"><span class="text_class6522"><span class="text_class41">Zone(optional)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6523"><span class="text_class6524"><span class="text_class41">Property name</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6525"><span class="text_class6526"><span class="text_class41">Value</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6527"><span class="text_class6528"><span class="text_class41">Timestamp</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6529"><span class="text_class6530"><span class="text_class41">Sequence number</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class6531"><span class="text_class6532"><span class="text_class6533"><span class="text_class41">Timestamp specifies last updated time of corresponded vehicle property.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6534"><span class="text_class6535"><span class="text_class6536"><span class="text_class41">Sequence number is useful to check event order.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6537"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6538"><span class="text_class6539"><span class="text_class6540"><span class="text_class41">The acceptable value of change can be specified for vehicle information about the notice of change of vehicle information.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6541"><span class="text_class6542"><span class="text_class6543"><span class="text_class41">In order to lower system-wide load, it will not notify, if it is change which is less than an acceptable value even if vehicle information changes.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6544"><span class="text_class6545"><span class="text_class6546"><span class="text_class41">For example, although engine number of rotations changes every moment, in the case of the application which displays it in 20 steps, it is not necessary to know less than several percent of change.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6547"><span class="text_class6548"><span class="text_class6549"><span class="text_class41">It shall not notify the change, in corresponding to neither of the following.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6550"><span class="text_class6551"><span class="text_class41">The amount of change of a value - </span><span class="text_class6552"><span class="text_class6553"><span class="text_class41">It does not notify, if the amount of change of the value from the last notice of change is less than specification.</span></span></span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6554"><span class="text_class6555"><span class="text_class41">Lapsed time from the last change - </span><span class="text_class6556"><span class="text_class6557"><span class="text_class41">From the last notice of change, if it is less than a definite period of time, it does not notify.</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6558"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6559"><span class="text_class6560"><span class="text_class6561"><span class="text_class41">Depending on application, the notice with a fixed cycle is more convenient than the notice at the time of change.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6562"><span class="text_class6563"><span class="text_class6564"><span class="text_class41">What is notified only the specified cycle even if it changes two or more times into the specified notice interval is made possible.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6565"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6566"><span class="text_class6567"><span class="text_class6568"><span class="text_class41">The data stored is acquired collectively.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6569"><span class="text_class6570"><span class="text_class6571"><span class="text_class41">Below attributes must include in this interface.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6572"><span class="text_class6573"><span class="text_class41">Zone(optional)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6574"><span class="text_class6575"><span class="text_class41">Property name</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6576"><span class="text_class6577"><span class="text_class41">Values</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6578"><span class="text_class6579"><span class="text_class41">Timestamps</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class6580"><span class="text_class6581"><span class="text_class6582"><span class="text_class41">It is desirable that the time range to acquire can be specified. For example, data from 10 seconds before to the present, data from 13:20 to 14:00, etc.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6583"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6584"><span class="text_class6585"><span class="text_class6586"><span class="text_class41">There is an attribute for which change/reference is simultaneously needed in relation to mutual in vehicle information. </span></span></span><span class="text_class6587"><span class="text_class41">For example, latitude, longitude, and an altitude are changed simultaneously. If these pieces of vehicle information is changed and referred to individually, the newest longitude may acquire the value in front of one, and a current position may be unable to recognize latitude correctly. For this reason, it is necessary to summarize the vehicle information relevant to mutual and to access it.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6588"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class6589"><span class="text_class6590"><span class="text_class6591"><span class="text_class41">Access of ones of those vehicle information is deterred until renewal of all the vehicle information included in Property Set at the time of a setup of vehicle information is completed, and renewal of ones of those vehicle information is deterred until it completes acquisition of all those vehicle information at the time of reference.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6592"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6593"><span class="text_class6594"><span class="text_class6595"><span class="text_class41">The definition of the vehicle information included in Property Set is being able to change easily. Or the thing which can be changed from a program during operation.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6596"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6597"><span class="text_class6598"><span class="text_class6599"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism of access control per each property. For example, property "velocity" can be accessed from only application A and B, but property "turn signal" can be accessed from all applications.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6600"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class6601"><span class="text_class6602"><span class="text_class6603"><span class="text_class41">System must also provide a mechanism of access control per each method even if same property. For example, about "seat setting", all applications can get this property, but only application C can set this property.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6604"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6605"><span class="text_class6606"><span class="text_class6607"><span class="text_class41">Permission for each property and method must be configurable easily. </span></span></span><span class="text_class6608"><span class="text_class41">Because, access control policy may be different per car type, grade and destination.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6609"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6610"><span class="text_class6611"><span class="text_class6612"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to enable routing any vehicle property both within same ECU and across two or more ECU’s.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6613"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6614"><span class="text_class6615"><span class="text_class6616"><span class="text_class41">If a Property Change event is received from VIC, change can be notified to all the applications, middleware and other VICs which are subscribing change of the vehicle information. In addition, the notice of change must be able to be distributed also to the application and/or middleware which exist in a different ECU.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6617"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6618"><span class="text_class6619"><span class="text_class6620"><span class="text_class41">VIC can be requested to set the value specified as Property.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6621"><span class="text_class6622"><span class="text_class6623"><span class="text_class41">It can set, even if it exists on ECU from which an application and VIC differ.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6624"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6625"><span class="text_class6626"><span class="text_class6627"><span class="text_class41">The newest value can be returned immediately, without asking VIC to the acquisition demand from an application. For this reason, keep the newest value of each Property.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6628"><span class="text_class6629"><span class="text_class6630"><span class="text_class41">Even if it is in ECU from which VIC of the Property differs, the demand from an application responds.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6631"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6632"><span class="text_class6633"><span class="text_class6634"><span class="text_class41">It can exchange with two or more VICs. </span></span></span><span class="text_class6635"><span class="text_class41">Addition and deletion of Data Provider can be performed easily.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6636"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6637"><span class="text_class6638"><span class="text_class6639"><span class="text_class41">The data exchange between ECUs should be permitted by VIC.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6640"><span class="text_class6641"><span class="text_class6642"><span class="text_class41">All data transmission and reception from other Software Component are refusing.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6643"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6644"><span class="text_class6645"><span class="text_class6646"><span class="text_class41">The system should have a mechanism which communicates the stored vehicles.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6647"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6648"><span class="text_class6649"><span class="text_class6650"><span class="text_class41">The vehicle information to upload is being able to choose.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6651"><span class="text_class6652"><span class="text_class6653"><span class="text_class41">A selection condition is that the following specification is possible at least.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6654"><span class="text_class41">Date-and-time range</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6655"><span class="text_class6656"><span class="text_class6657"><span class="text_class41">Object vehicles data</span></span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6658"><span class="text_class6659"><span class="text_class6660"><span class="text_class6661"><span class="text_class41">The change threshold value of vehicles data</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6662"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6663"><span class="text_class6664"><span class="text_class6665"><span class="text_class41">Enable change of selection of vehicle information easily. </span></span></span><span class="text_class6666"><span class="text_class41">As for this, it is desirable for it to be able to change dynamically from an external.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6667"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6668"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6669"><span class="text_class6670"><span class="text_class6671"><span class="text_class41">The simulator of vehicles data using the steering wheel controller for PC games, etc. as substitution of actual vehicles in development environment is prepared.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6672"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6673"><span class="text_class6674"><span class="text_class6675"><span class="text_class41">Car Simulator is being able to notify the following vehicles data to vehicles data processing activities through a vehicles interface function at least.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6676"><span class="text_class6677"><span class="text_class41">Speed</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6678"><span class="text_class6679"><span class="text_class41">Shift position</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6680"><span class="text_class6681"><span class="text_class41">The direction of vehicles</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6682"><span class="text_class6683"><span class="text_class41">Latitude and longitude of a current position</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6684"><span class="text_class41">Turn signal</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6685"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6686"><span class="text_class6687"><span class="text_class6688"><span class="text_class41">The steering wheel controller for PC games to be used is being able to obtain easily. </span></span></span><span class="text_class6689"><span class="text_class41">Moreover, it is desirable that two or more steering wheel controllers can be used.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6690"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6691"><span class="text_class6692"><span class="text_class6693"><span class="text_class41">VIC should fill the following performance specifications and performance.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6694"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6695"><span class="text_class6696"><span class="text_class6697"><span class="text_class41">It is a value on condition of H/W assumed that the following values will be used for in-vehicle information machines and equipment in 2016.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6698"><span class="text_class6699"><span class="text_class41">Maximum number of properties : 4,096</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6700"><span class="text_class6701"><span class="text_class41">Maximum number of property sets: 1,024</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6702"><span class="text_class6703"><span class="text_class41"> Greatest data storage time : 12 hours</span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6704"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6705"><span class="text_class6706"><span class="text_class6707"><span class="text_class41">It is a value on condition of H/W assumed that the following values will be used for in-vehicle information machines and equipment in 2016.</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6708"><span class="text_class6709"><span class="text_class41">Get/Set method(one property) - 0.2ms</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6710"><span class="text_class6711"><span class="text_class41">Get/Set method(property set include 30 properties) -1.3ms</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6712"><span class="text_class6713"><span class="text_class41">Subscribe callback - 2.5ms (after change of a value)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6714"><span class="text_class6715"><span class="text_class41">GetHistory method(for within 3 minutes after the present) - 0.2ms</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6716"><span class="text_class41">GetHistory method (older than 3 minutes from the present) - 50ms</span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6717"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6718"><span class="text_class6719"><span class="text_class6720"><span class="text_class41">VIC is being able to change without having composition which has pliability and extendibility about the vehicles data to manage, and reconstructing the whole VIC about the kind and attribute of vehicles data.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6721"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6722"><span class="text_class6723"><span class="text_class6724"><span class="text_class41">Vehicle Interface treats various kinds of in-vehicle LAN and sensors, and they are mounted by various H/W according to a maker or a vehicle type. </span></span></span><span class="text_class6725"><span class="text_class41">For this reason, VIC needs to be able to add and change Vehicle Interface without reconstruction of VIC.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6726"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6727"><span class="text_class6728"><span class="text_class6729"><span class="text_class41">Abstraction of vehicles data is the duty of Vehicle Interface in principle. This is because it is necessary to change the concreteness data depending on H/W of in-vehicle LAN or sensors.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6730"><span class="text_class6731"><span class="text_class6732"><span class="text_class41">However, an abstract vehicles data value may be decided by combination of the concreteness vehicles data from two or more Vehicle Interface. In this case, VIC needs to change two or more concreteness vehicles data into one abstract vehicles data.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6733"><span class="text_class6734"><span class="text_class6735"><span class="text_class41">Since this conversion is dependent on H/W of in-vehicle LAN or sensors, so it cannot be mounted in the VIC itself.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6736"><span class="text_class6737"><span class="text_class6738"><span class="text_class41">In order to solve this, suppose that the mechanism in which such a conversion module can be added without reconstruction of VIC is prepared for VIC.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6739"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="176"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.12 Telematics Services</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6740"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6741"><span class="text_class6742"><span class="text_class41">V2V, V2I, RVI, Traffic information, etc.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6743"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="177"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">5.2.13 Window System</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6744"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6745"><span class="text_class6746"><span class="text_class6747"><span class="text_class41">A window system is a software component that facilitates an implementation of graphical user interface. A window system is responsible for managing display devices, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), input devices, and graphics memory. A window system works with the software component named window manager that is responsible for a layout management of windows, and a routing of user interactions.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6748"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6749"><span class="text_class6750"><span class="text_class6751"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multiple windows on a display.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6752"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6753"><span class="text_class6754"><span class="text_class6755"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multiple windows owned by multiple processes to be rendered on a display.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6756"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6757"><span class="text_class6758"><span class="text_class6759"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support rendering to off-screen buffer to achieve flicker less rendering.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6760"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6761"><span class="text_class6762"><span class="text_class6763"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support composition of windows with off-screen buffers.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6764"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6765"><span class="text_class6766"><span class="text_class6767"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support a translucent window, i.e. underlying objects underneath the translucent window is visible depending on the alpha values of pixels.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6768"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6769"><span class="text_class6770"><span class="text_class6771"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall make OpenGL/ES 2.0 API compliant to Khronos group available to clients for their rendering.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6772"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6773"><span class="text_class6774"><span class="text_class6775"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that uses only public APIs provided by Window System and OpenGL/ES 2.0 for rendering and user interaction.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6776"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6777"><span class="text_class6778"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support window manager that is replaceable by configuration.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6779"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6780"><span class="text_class6781"><span class="text_class6782"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall provide a window system that abstracts the underlying display subsystem and GPU. AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall have a window manager that relies on a standard rendering API such as OpenGL/ES 2.0 only. The window manager shall not rely on any hardware specific API. A window system and OpenGL/ES 2.0 API are responsible for a hardware abstraction.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6783"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6784"><span class="text_class6785"><span class="text_class6786"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support multi-headed display where available.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6787"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6788"><span class="text_class6789"><span class="text_class6790"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support mirroring of windows to multiple displays.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6791"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6792"><span class="text_class6793"><span class="text_class6794"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support hardware layers, such as DRM planes, where available.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6795"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6796"><span class="text_class6797"><span class="text_class6798"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall compose windows using available hardware acceleration capabilities.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6799"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6800"><span class="text_class6801"><span class="text_class6802"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support management of windows and inputs from users depending on statuses of a vehicle. The statuses of vehicle include a speed of a vehicle, a motion of a vehicle, etc. For instance, the inputs may needs to be limited while the vehicle reaches to the certain speed.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6803"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6804"><span class="text_class6805"><span class="text_class6806"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall abstract physical input devices such as buttons, a touch panel, a control knob etc.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6807"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6808"><span class="text_class6809"><span class="text_class6810"><span class="text_class41">AGL specifies that automotive grade Linux shall support On-screen keyboard which takes input from available physical input devices.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6811"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="178"><h1 class="paragraph_class34 1"><span class="text_class41">6 Security Services</span></h1></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6812"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6813"><span class="text_class6814"><span class="text_class41">Security framework</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6815"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="179"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">6.1 Access Control</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6816"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6817"><span class="text_class6818"><span class="text_class6819"><span class="text_class41">Access Control describes requirements for AGL Access Control.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6820"><span class="text_class6821"><span class="text_class6822"><span class="text_class41">Access control is a mechanism to grant / deny access to APIs/files in the system. </span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6823"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="180"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">6.1.1 </span><span class="text_class6824"><span class="text_class41">Requirements</span></span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6825"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6826"><span class="text_class6827"><span class="text_class6828"><span class="text_class41">AGL system must support a system-wide access control mechanism.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6829"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="181"><h1 class="paragraph_class34 1"><span class="text_class41">7 Operating System Layer</span></h1></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6830"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="182"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">7.1 Kernel</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6831"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="183"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.1.1 Linux Kernel</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6832"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6833"><span class="text_class6834"><span class="text_class41">Automotive Grade Linux uses the Linux Kernel. The kernel is constantly evolving with a new release about every sixty days. The automotive industry has design cycles of three to five years for IVI systems. Somehow a balance must be struck between updating operating system and kernel every few months and keeping up to date with modern features that the kernel and the rest of the open source community provides, </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6835"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="184"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">7.1.1.1 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6836"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6837"><span class="text_class6838"><span class="text_class6839"><span class="text_class41">AGL kernel shall be based on Long Term Support Initiative (LTSI) kernel.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6840"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class6841"><span class="text_class6842"><span class="text_class6843"><span class="text_class41">At the moment LTSI kernel is the only open source/public kernel that gets closer to automotive industry needs – it has certain automotive industry demanded components integrated, it is fully aligned with Linux LTS trees so it leverages security fixes and/or generic bugfixes adapted by Linux community, LTSI kernel merge window is more flexible to industry demands and allow to accumulate wider set of features, components and bugfixes relevant for industry (comparing to regular Linux kernel merge/release cycle). LTSI kernel is thoroughly validated manually and with the help of automated tools to track and discover anomalies and regressions.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6844"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6845"><span class="text_class6846"><span class="text_class6847"><span class="text_class41">AGL development process should utilize bug tracker with ability to mark bugs as open/fixed on particular distribution branches. Open bugs should have direct impact on release decisions.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6848"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="185"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">7.2 Boot Loader</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6849"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="186"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">7.3 Hypervisor</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6850"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6851"><span class="text_class6852"><span class="text_class6853"><span class="text_class41">TBD. Need to add very basic “background” regarding virtualization, explain about OS-level virtualization/isolation, then about type1/type2 hypervisors (virtualization). In modern IVI systems OS-level virtualization is widely used (applications isolation, combination of Android and Linux apps together), future – maybe Linux/IVI + ADAS + Instrument Cluster = guests on top type1 hypervisor.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6854"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="187"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.3.1 Requirements</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6855"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6856"><span class="text_class6857"><span class="text_class6858"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide OS-level mechanisms for running multiple isolated instances (containers) that have its own directory structure, network devices, IP addresses and process table. The processes running in other containers shall not be visible from inside a container. </span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6859"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6860"><span class="text_class6861"><span class="text_class6862"><span class="text_class41">AGL Linux should be configurable to work as Type-1 “bare-metal” hypervisor “guest”. Following functionality shall be supported by AGL Linux “guest”:</span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6863"><span class="text_class6864"><span class="text_class41">IPC (with hypervisor and other “guests”)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6865"><span class="text_class6866"><span class="text_class6867"><span class="text_class6868"><span class="text_class41">“paravirtualized” device drivers for peripherals shared with other “guests” (unless virtualization abstraction is supported by hardware)</span></span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6869"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="188"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">7.4 Operating System</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6870"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="189"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.4.1 File Systems</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6871"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class6872"><span class="text_class6873"><span class="text_class6874"><span class="text_class41">File system (FS) requirements for AGL concentrate on Reliability, Accessibility, and Serviceability as their main characteristics. </span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6875"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><ul class="list_class48"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6876"><span class="text_class6877"><span class="text_class6878"><span class="text_class41">Reliability</span></span></span></span><span class="text_class6879"><span class="text_class6880"><span class="text_class41">means data integrity protection, automatic error detection and correction, tolerance to power failures, robustness under stress I/O load in multi-process environment, extended lifetime via use of wear leveling and bad block management techniques.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6881"><span class="text_class6882"><span class="text_class6883"><span class="text_class41">Accessibility</span></span></span></span><span class="text_class6884"><span class="text_class6885"><span class="text_class41">means ability to use external storage devices, as well as accessing designated parts of internal file system over secure wired or wireless connections.</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6886"><span class="text_class6887"><span class="text_class6888"><span class="text_class41">Serviceability</span></span></span></span><span class="text_class6889"><span class="text_class6890"><span class="text_class41">means ability to upgrade AGL as a whole or by updating individual packages, and availability of file system checking and optimization tools.</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="paragraph_class6891"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class6892"><span class="text_class6893"><span class="text_class6894"><span class="text_class41">Below is short summary for better understanding of FS Requirements hierarchy.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class6895"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class6897 cell_class6896"><p class="paragraph_class6898"><span class="text_class6899"><span class="text_class6900"><span class="text_class41">FS Requirements</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class6902 cell_class6901"><p class="paragraph_class6903"><span class="text_class6904"><span class="text_class6905"><span class="text_class41">R-FS References</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class6897 cell_class6906"><ol class="list_class6907" start="6"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class6908"><span class="text_class41">File Systems (P1)</span></span></li></ol><p class="paragraph_class6909"><span class="text_class6910"><span class="text_class41">6.1. </span></span><span class="text_class6911"><span class="text_class41">Robust File System for managed internal storage (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6912"><span class="text_class6913"><span class="text_class41">6.1.1. </span></span><span class="text_class6914"><span class="text_class41">Power failure tolerance (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6915"><span class="text_class6916"><span class="text_class41">6.1.2. </span></span><span class="text_class6917"><span class="text_class41">Quick recovery after power loss (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6918"><span class="text_class6919"><span class="text_class41">6.1.3. </span></span><span class="text_class6920"><span class="text_class41">Multi-threaded I/O (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6921"><span class="text_class6922"><span class="text_class41">6.1.4. </span></span><span class="text_class6923"><span class="text_class41">On-demand integrity checker (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6924"><span class="text_class6925"><span class="text_class41">6.1.5. </span></span><span class="text_class6926"><span class="text_class41">Read-only mode (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6927"><span class="text_class6928"><span class="text_class41">6.1.6. </span></span><span class="text_class6929"><span class="text_class41">Non-blocking unmounting (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6930"><span class="text_class6931"><span class="text_class41">6.1.7. </span></span><span class="text_class6932"><span class="text_class41">Means for optimizing I/O performance if it may degrade under certain conditions. (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6933"><span class="text_class6934"><span class="text_class41">6.1.8. </span></span><span class="text_class6935"><span class="text_class41">File space pre-allocation (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6936"><span class="text_class6937"><span class="text_class41">6.1.9. </span></span><span class="text_class6938"><span class="text_class41">Meta-data error detection (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6939"><span class="text_class6940"><span class="text_class41">6.1.10. </span></span><span class="text_class6941"><span class="text_class41">File data error detection (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6942"><span class="text_class6943"><span class="text_class41">6.1.11. </span></span><span class="text_class6944"><span class="text_class41">Online integrity checking (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6945"><span class="text_class6946"><span class="text_class41">6.1.12. </span></span><span class="text_class6947"><span class="text_class41">Write timeout control (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6948"><span class="text_class6949"><span class="text_class41">6.1.13. </span></span><span class="text_class6950"><span class="text_class41">Compression support (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6951"><span class="text_class6952"><span class="text_class41">6.1.14. </span></span><span class="text_class6953"><span class="text_class41">Quota support (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6954"><span class="text_class6955"><span class="text_class41">6.1.15. </span></span><span class="text_class6956"><span class="text_class41">I/O process priority (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6957"><span class="text_class6958"><span class="text_class41">6.1.16. </span></span><span class="text_class6959"><span class="text_class41">File system event notifications (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6960"><span class="text_class6961"><span class="text_class41">6.1.17. </span></span><span class="text_class6962"><span class="text_class41">Logical block size control (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6963"><span class="text_class6964"><span class="text_class41">6.1.18. </span></span><span class="text_class6965"><span class="text_class41">Snapshots (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6966"><span class="text_class6967"><span class="text_class41">6.2. </span></span><span class="text_class6968"><span class="text_class41">File System for non-managed internal storage (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6969"><span class="text_class6970"><span class="text_class41">6.2.1. </span></span><span class="text_class6971"><span class="text_class41">All P1 requirements from FS.1.1.x list (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6972"><span class="text_class6973"><span class="text_class41">6.2.2. </span></span><span class="text_class6974"><span class="text_class41">Wear leveling (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6975"><span class="text_class6976"><span class="text_class41">6.2.3. </span></span><span class="text_class6977"><span class="text_class41">Error detection/correction (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6978"><span class="text_class6979"><span class="text_class41">6.2.4. </span></span><span class="text_class6980"><span class="text_class41">Tolerance to flipping bits (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6981"><span class="text_class6982"><span class="text_class41">6.2.5. </span></span><span class="text_class6983"><span class="text_class41">Read/write disturb awareness (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6984"><span class="text_class6985"><span class="text_class41">6.2.6. </span></span><span class="text_class6986"><span class="text_class41">Bad block management (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6987"><span class="text_class6988"><span class="text_class41">6.2.7. </span></span><span class="text_class6989"><span class="text_class41">As many P2 requirements from FS.1.1.x list as possible (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6990"><span class="text_class6991"><span class="text_class41">6.2.8. </span></span><span class="text_class6992"><span class="text_class41">Wear leveling statistics (P2)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6993"><span class="text_class6994"><span class="text_class41">6.3. </span></span><span class="text_class6995"><span class="text_class41">File Systems for removable storage (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6996"><span class="text_class6997"><span class="text_class41">6.3.1. </span></span><span class="text_class6998"><span class="text_class41">Restricted functionality from security point of view (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class6999"><span class="text_class7000"><span class="text_class41">6.3.2. </span></span><span class="text_class7001"><span class="text_class41">Automount/autounmount (P1)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7002"><span class="text_class7003"><span class="text_class41">6.3.3. </span></span><span class="text_class7004"><span class="text_class41">Automatic synchronous flushing of modified data to physical media (P2)</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class6902 cell_class7005"><ol class="list_class7006" start="2"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7007"><span class="text_class41">btrfs</span></span></li></ol><p class="paragraph_class7008"><span class="text_class7009"><span class="text_class41">2.1. </span></span><span class="text_class7010"><span class="text_class41">btrfsck</span></span></p><ol class="list_class7011" start="3"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7012"><span class="text_class41">ext2</span></span></li></ol><p class="paragraph_class7013"><span class="text_class7014"><span class="text_class41">3.1. </span></span><span class="text_class7015"><span class="text_class41">e2defrag</span></span></p><ol class="list_class7016" start="4"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7017"><span class="text_class41">ext3</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7018"><span class="text_class41">ext4</span></span></li></ol><p class="paragraph_class7019"><span class="text_class7020"><span class="text_class41">5.1. </span></span><span class="text_class7021"><span class="text_class41">e4defrag</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7022"><span class="text_class7023"><span class="text_class41">5.2. </span></span><span class="text_class7024"><span class="text_class41">e2fsck</span></span></p><ol class="list_class6907" start="6"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7025"><span class="text_class41">vfat</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7026"><span class="text_class41">UBIFS</span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7027"><span class="text_class41">Generic tools and APIs</span></span></li></ol><p class="paragraph_class7028"><span class="text_class7029"><span class="text_class41">8.1. </span></span><span class="text_class7030"><span class="text_class41">fanotify</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7031"><span class="text_class7032"><span class="text_class41">8.2. </span></span><span class="text_class7033"><span class="text_class41">fstrim</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7034"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="190"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">7.4.1.1 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7035"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7036"><span class="text_class7037"><span class="text_class7038"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide a set of file systems to support the following types of storage devices: internal managed (SSD, eMMC, etc.), internal non-managed (raw NOR and NAND FLASH memory), removable managed (USB stick, SD card).</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7039"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7040"><span class="text_class7041"><span class="text_class7042"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide robust file system suitable for use on managed internal storage devices, </span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7043"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7044"><span class="text_class7045"><span class="text_class7046"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide robust file system suitable for use on non-managed internal storage devices, </span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7047"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7048"><span class="text_class7049"><span class="text_class7050"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide a set of file systems popular on removable media devices.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7051"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7052"><span class="text_class7053"><span class="text_class7054"><span class="text_class41">A system must be able to withstand power failures under heavy load of meta-data-intensive, and data-intensive operations, including power-failures during OS startup, and shutdown.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7055"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7056"><span class="text_class7057"><span class="text_class7058"><span class="text_class41">A file system must be able to restore good data and meta-data state after unexpected power interruption without performing the full time-consuming integrity check. Such recovery should not add more than a second to the normal boot process after power failure on idle system. Normally this is achieved via journal- or log-based (also known as transactional or copy-on-write) operation.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7059"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7060"><span class="text_class7061"><span class="text_class7062"><span class="text_class41">A file system must be able to handle meta-data-intensive, and data-intensive I/O from multiple threads and/or processes simultaneously.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7063"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7064"><span class="text_class7065"><span class="text_class7066"><span class="text_class41">A file system must have integrity checking tool with ability to execute it on-demand.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7067"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7068"><span class="text_class7069"><span class="text_class7070"><span class="text_class41">A file system must be able to switch between read-only, (when no data is committed to physical storage device), and read/write modes in runtime. E.g. via “mount –o remount,ro <device>” command.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7071"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7072"><span class="text_class7073"><span class="text_class7074"><span class="text_class41">AGL must support “lazy” (delayed) unmounting.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7075"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7076"><span class="text_class7077"><span class="text_class7078"><span class="text_class41">AGL should provide means for optimizing potentially degraded I/O performance after prolonged file system and storage use. Often, this refers to offline or online file system defragmentation. Another example is periodic fstrim execution on SSD storage.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7079"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7080"><span class="text_class7081"><span class="text_class7082"><span class="text_class41">A file system should be able to pre-allocate space for created/extended files on request. This may be used to minimize fragmentation of frequently written files.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7083"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7084"><span class="text_class7085"><span class="text_class7086"><span class="text_class41">A file system should have an option of automatic error detection in its meta-data.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7087"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7088"><span class="text_class7089"><span class="text_class7090"><span class="text_class41">A file system should be able to associate error detection codes with separate blocks of stored data, and to verify the data against the codes in runtime upon each read from a physical device.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7091"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7092"><span class="text_class7093"><span class="text_class7094"><span class="text_class41">A file system should have a utility for meta-data integrity checking on mounted partition.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7095"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7096"><span class="text_class7097"><span class="text_class7098"><span class="text_class41">A file system should allow changing timeout after which it flushes modified data to physical media.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7099"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7100"><span class="text_class7101"><span class="text_class7102"><span class="text_class41">A file system should support automatic data compression.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7103"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7104"><span class="text_class7105"><span class="text_class7106"><span class="text_class41">It should be possible to enable file system quotas for particular users and/or groups.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7107"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7108"><span class="text_class7109"><span class="text_class7110"><span class="text_class41">AGL should allow to set I/O scheduling class and priority for particular processes.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7111"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7112"><span class="text_class7113"><span class="text_class7114"><span class="text_class41">AGL should allow user space applications to subscribe for file and directory change notifications.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7115"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7116"><span class="text_class7117"><span class="text_class7118"><span class="text_class41">Making logical block size equal to a power of physical block size may improve physical I/O performance, and decrease file fragmentation impact.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7119"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7120"><span class="text_class7121"><span class="text_class7122"><span class="text_class41">A file system should allow creation of snapshots.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7123"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7124"><span class="text_class7125"><span class="text_class7126"><span class="text_class41">A file system must perform wear leveling before writing data, so that the limited number of erase/program cycles is evenly distributed across all device blocks.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7127"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7128"><span class="text_class7129"><span class="text_class7130"><span class="text_class41">A file system must support the following error detection/correction algorithm(s): BCH4, BCH8.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7131"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7132"><span class="text_class7133"><span class="text_class7134"><span class="text_class41">A file system should not just be able to detect/correct a number of flipped bits but should also actively prevent the issue from happening in the first place, especially after unexpected power interruption. Known techniques include forced reprogramming of blocks that were in use at the time of power failure, and copying data to a fresh block after detected error correction.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7135"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7136"><span class="text_class7137"><span class="text_class7138"><span class="text_class41">A file system should not just be able to detect/correct errors caused by read/write disturb phenomenon but should also actively prevent the issue from happening in the first place. Known techniques include limiting the number of read cycles between erases, and copying data to a fresh block after detected error correction.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7139"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7140"><span class="text_class7141"><span class="text_class7142"><span class="text_class41">A file system must perform bad block detection and management transparently to file system users.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7143"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7144"><span class="text_class7145"><span class="text_class7146"><span class="text_class41">Current FLASH wear-related statistics should be accessible via user-space utility.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7147"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7148"><span class="text_class7149"><span class="text_class7150"><span class="text_class41">A file system must support noexec, and nodev mount options.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7151"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7152"><span class="text_class7153"><span class="text_class7154"><span class="text_class41">A file system must be able to automatically mount plugged-in removable media, and automatically unmount it when unplugged.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7155"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7156"><span class="text_class7157"><span class="text_class7158"><span class="text_class41">A file system must support sync mount option.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7159"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7160"><span class="text_class7161"><span class="text_class7162"><span class="text_class41">AGL shall provide a set of file systems to support the following types of storage devices: internal managed (SSD, eMMC, etc.), internal non-managed (raw NOR and NAND FLASH memory), removable managed (USB stick, SD card).</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7163"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="191"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.4.2 Resource Control</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7164"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7165"><span class="text_class7166"><span class="text_class41">In IVI system, it depends time and occasion that which application and/or middleware should be higher priority. Resource control provides basic functionality regarding proper resource allocation for each process and/or process group.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7167"><span class="text_class7168"><span class="text_class41">(cgroups)</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7169"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="192"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">7.4.2.1 Use Case and Role</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7170"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7171"><span class="text_class7172"><span class="text_class7173"><span class="text_class41">If end user specified a destination and started route guidance, map drawing following current position and voice and/or visual guidance should be treated as higher priority than others.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7174"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class7175"><span class="text_class7176"><span class="text_class7177"><span class="text_class41">On the other hand, if end user is watching a movie, movie player and decoder should be assigned to higher priority than others.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7178"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class7179"><span class="text_class7180"><span class="text_class7181"><span class="text_class41">Important point is that it may assign two or more high priority application and/or middleware at the same time. And, one function may be provided from two or more processes.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7182"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><p class="paragraph_class7183"><span class="text_class7184"><span class="text_class7185"><span class="text_class41">Table 9-33</span></span></span><span class="text_class7186"><span class="text_class7187"><span class="text_class41"> describes the role of resource control to be satisfied above purpose and use cases.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7188"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7189"><span class="text_class7190"><span class="text_class7191"><span class="text_class41">Table 9-33 : Role of Resource Control</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7192"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><div><table cellspacing="0" class="table_class266"><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7193 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class7194"><span class="text_class7195"><span class="text_class7196"><span class="text_class41">No.</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7197 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class7198"><span class="text_class7199"><span class="text_class7200"><span class="text_class41">Role</span></span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7201 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class7202"><span class="text_class7203"><span class="text_class7204"><span class="text_class41">Description</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7193 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class7205"><span class="text_class7206"><span class="text_class41">1</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7197 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class7207"><span class="text_class7208"><span class="text_class41">Priority</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7201 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class7209"><span class="text_class7210"><span class="text_class41">Allocate resource via its own priority. High priority process and/or process group should be assigned more resource.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7193 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class7211"><span class="text_class7212"><span class="text_class41">2</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7197 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class7213"><span class="text_class7214"><span class="text_class41">Time slot</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7201 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class7215"><span class="text_class7216"><span class="text_class41">To share resource per time slot.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7193 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class7217"><span class="text_class7218"><span class="text_class41">3</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7197 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class7219"><span class="text_class7220"><span class="text_class41">Release</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7201 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class7221"><span class="text_class7222"><span class="text_class41">Forced release of partially or whole allocated resource.</span></span></p></td></tr><tr class="row_class78"><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7193 cell_class798"><p class="paragraph_class7223"><span class="text_class7224"><span class="text_class41">4</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7197 cell_class803"><p class="paragraph_class7225"><span class="text_class7226"><span class="text_class41">Grouping</span></span></p></td><td class="table_class266DeffCell cell_class7201 cell_class808"><p class="paragraph_class7227"><span class="text_class7228"><span class="text_class41">Grouping two or more processes, and allocate resource per defined process group.</span></span></p></td></tr></table></div></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7229"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7230"><span class="text_class7231"><span class="text_class7232"><span class="text_class41">AGL assumes four types of resources, CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network bandwidth.</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class7233"><span class="text_class7234"><span class="text_class41">Table 9-34</span></span></span><span class="text_class7235"><span class="text_class7236"><span class="text_class41"> describes associated roles per each resource type.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7237"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7238"><span class="text_class7239"><span class="text_class7240"><span class="text_class41">Table 9-34 : Functions of System Resource Management</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7241"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="193"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">7.4.2.2 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7242"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="194"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">7.4.2.2.1 Priority</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7243"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7244"><span class="text_class7245"><span class="text_class7246"><span class="text_class41">System provides a mechanism to set resource priority per each process.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7247"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7248"><span class="text_class7249"><span class="text_class7250"><span class="text_class41">System provides an interface to set and refer resource priority of specific process.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7251"><span class="text_class7252"><span class="text_class7253"><span class="text_class41">This interface must be called from other process.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7254"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7255"><span class="text_class7256"><span class="text_class7257"><span class="text_class41">CPU resource must support</span></span></span><span class="text_class41"> </span><span class="text_class7258"><span class="text_class7259"><span class="text_class41">“</span></span></span><span class="text_class7260"><span class="text_class7261"><span class="text_class41">priority” based resource management.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7262"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7263"><span class="text_class7264"><span class="text_class7265"><span class="text_class41">Resource Manager should dynamically change the ratio of offering resources according to the status of resources using by system. And its configuration must be changed easily.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7266"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7267"><span class="text_class7268"><span class="text_class7269"><span class="text_class41">Resource Manager should log the status of resources using by system.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7270"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7271"><span class="text_class7272"><span class="text_class7273"><span class="text_class41">Resource Manager should offer resources separately to threads of user land and threads of kernel. And Resource Manager should treat the bottom half and software interrupts as high priority tasks.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7274"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="195"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">7.4.2.2.2 Time Slot</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7275"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7276"><span class="text_class7277"><span class="text_class7278"><span class="text_class41">When two or more process request to same resource at the same time, system must provide a mechanism to mediate to guarantee the time slot to obtain specific timeframe for each processes.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7279"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7280"><span class="text_class7281"><span class="text_class7282"><span class="text_class41">System must provide an interface to set specific timeframe to obtain time slot per each process.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7283"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7284"><span class="text_class7285"><span class="text_class7286"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism of resource sharing by time slot regarding CPU, storage bandwidth and network bandwidth.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7287"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7288"><span class="text_class7289"><span class="text_class7290"><span class="text_class41">Scheduler should detect the status of resources for each thread.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7291"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7292"><span class="text_class7293"><span class="text_class7294"><span class="text_class41">Scheduler must not run the specific thread for more than 10 micro second.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7295"><span class="text_class7296"><span class="text_class7297"><span class="text_class41">Scheduler should guarantee that threads can run periodically.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7298"><span class="text_class7299"><span class="text_class7300"><span class="text_class41">Scheduler should control the dispatches that occur extremely.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7301"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="196"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">7.4.2.2.3 Release</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7302"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7303"><span class="text_class7304"><span class="text_class7305"><span class="text_class41">System must provide an interface to release all or partial resource which had obtained by specific process.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7306"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7307"><span class="text_class7308"><span class="text_class7309"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism of resource releasing regarding memory resource.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7310"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="197"><h5 class="paragraph_class870 5"><span class="text_class41">7.4.2.2.4 Grouping</span></h5></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7311"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7312"><span class="text_class7313"><span class="text_class7314"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to group two or more processes regarding resource management such as priority, time slot and releasing. System must able to assign same attributes to grouped processes altogether.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7315"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7316"><span class="text_class7317"><span class="text_class7318"><span class="text_class41">System must provide an interface to group two or more processes from other process.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7319"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7320"><span class="text_class7321"><span class="text_class7322"><span class="text_class41">System must provide a mechanism to group regarding CPU, memory, storage bandwidth and network bandwidth.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7323"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="198"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.4.3 Startup/Shutdown Control</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7324"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7325"><span class="text_class7326"><span class="text_class41">Boot/Shutdown Control is a mechanism to control boot and shutdown of a program running in a user space. The order of boot/shutdown in the target program can be easily swapped depending on the product configuration. Boot/Shutdown Control supports both “static order” which boots/shuts down the program according to the static dependency of each program, and “dynamic order” which swaps the order dynamically in specific conditions.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7327"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="199"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">7.4.3.1 Use Cases</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7328"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="200"><h5 class="paragraph_class4447 5"><span class="text_class41">(1) Static Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order</span></h5></a><a name="201"><h5 class="paragraph_class4903 5"><span class="text_class41">a. Setting up of Boot/Shutdown Order Based on Product Configuration</span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class7329"><span class="text_class7330"><span class="text_class41">To support various product configurations, the integrator configures/modifies orders of boot/shutdown for all programs running on the target device.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7331"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="202"><h5 class="paragraph_class4903 5"><span class="text_class41">b. Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown during a Program Development</span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class7332"><span class="text_class7333"><span class="text_class41">In order to evaluate a developed program, the developer modifies only the order of the developed program in target programs.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7334"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="203"><h5 class="paragraph_class4903 5"><span class="text_class41">c. Configuring the Order of Boot/Shutdown when Software Update</span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class7335"><span class="text_class7336"><span class="text_class41">Maintainer modifies the order of boot/shut down for a program to be updated when software update.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7337"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="204"><h5 class="paragraph_class4447 5"><span class="text_class41">(2) Dynamic Modification of Boot/Shutdown Order</span></h5></a><a name="205"><h5 class="paragraph_class4903 5"><span class="text_class41">a. Prioritized Boot of the Features which the User was Previously Using</span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class7338"><span class="text_class7339"><span class="text_class41">It dynamically modifies the boot order of the target program in order for last used features (e.g. audio) to be operated by priority when ACC turns ON.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7340"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p><a name="206"><h5 class="paragraph_class4903 5"><span class="text_class41">b. Prioritized Boot of Update Functionalities</span></h5></a><p class="paragraph_class7341"><span class="text_class7342"><span class="text_class41">Update related programs are booted by priority when connected with maintenance kit and ACC turned ON.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7343"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="207"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">7.4.3.2 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7344"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7345"><span class="text_class7346"><span class="text_class7347"><span class="text_class41">Boot/Shutdown Control shall start components, which are configured to be started.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7348"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7349"><span class="text_class7350"><span class="text_class7351"><span class="text_class41">Boot/Shutdown Control shall ensure that dependent components are started in the order that has been configured.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7352"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7353"><span class="text_class7354"><span class="text_class7355"><span class="text_class41">Boot/Shutdown Control shall start independent components in parallel.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7356"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7357"><span class="text_class7358"><span class="text_class7359"><span class="text_class41">Boot/Shutdown Control shall stop components, which are requested to be stopped.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7360"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7361"><span class="text_class7362"><span class="text_class7363"><span class="text_class41">Boot/Shutdown Control shall ensure that dependent components are stopped in the order that has been configured.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7364"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7365"><span class="text_class7366"><span class="text_class7367"><span class="text_class41">Boot/Shutdown Control shall be configurable by run level to start corresponding modules.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7368"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="208"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.4.4 Database</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7369"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7370"><span class="text_class7371"><span class="text_class7372"><span class="text_class41">Due to the nature of AGL operating environment, it is very important for DB engine to guarantee database instance integrity after power failures. Other important feature for generic system database engine is rich set of bindings to various programming languages.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7373"><span class="text_class7374"><span class="text_class7375"><span class="text_class41">Below is short summary for better understanding of DBS Requirements and References hierarchy. </span></span></span></p><ul class="list_class1667"><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7376"><span class="text_class7377"><span class="text_class41">Power failure tolerance (P1)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7378"><span class="text_class7379"><span class="text_class41">Quick recovery after power loss (P1)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7380"><span class="text_class7381"><span class="text_class41">Multi-threaded I/O (P1)</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7382"><span class="text_class7383"><span class="text_class41">API bindings for C programming language</span></span></span></li><li class="list_detail_class49"><span class="text_class7384"><span class="text_class7385"><span class="text_class7386"><span class="text_class41">On-demand integrity checker (P2)</span></span></span></span></li></ul></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7387"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7388"><span class="text_class7389"><span class="text_class7390"><span class="text_class41">DB instance integrity must be ensured after power failures under heavy load of read and write DB transactions.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7391"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7392"><span class="text_class7393"><span class="text_class7394"><span class="text_class41">DB engine must be able to quickly restore good data state after unexpected power interruption. Such recovery should not add more than a second to the normal boot process after power failure on idle system.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7395"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7396"><span class="text_class7397"><span class="text_class7398"><span class="text_class41">DB engine must allow read and write access to DB instance from multiple threads and/or processes simultaneously.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7399"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7400"><span class="text_class7401"><span class="text_class7402"><span class="text_class41">DB engine API must be available for C-based applications.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7403"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7404"><span class="text_class7405"><span class="text_class7406"><span class="text_class41">DB engine should have DB instance integrity checking tool with ability to execute it on-demand.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7407"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7408"><span class="text_class7409"><span class="text_class7410"><span class="text_class41">DB engine must be able to quickly restore to a previously defined state after unexpected power interruption during adding some data.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7411"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7412"><span class="text_class7413"><span class="text_class7414"><span class="text_class41">DB engine should have availability to merge some data from internal and external databases, such as vehicle information database and databases at data center.</span></span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7415"><span class="text_class7416"><span class="text_class7417"><span class="text_class41">And DB engine should have accessibility to allow read access to DB instance during merging. Also, DB engine should have durability not to break its data after unexpected power interruption during merging.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7418"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="209"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.4.5 System Update</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7419"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7420"><span class="text_class7421"><span class="text_class7422"><span class="text_class41">Maintenance of in-vehicle devices is also an important role for any automotive system. </span></span></span><span class="text_class7423"><span class="text_class41">There are numerous use cases for updating the device software such as software failure,security patching, bug fixes, and new features. Because automotive devices are battery operated and subject to power cuts any System Updates must be robust enough to withstand sudden power loss. </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7424"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7425"><span class="text_class7426"><span class="text_class7427"><span class="text_class41">System Update module should have a Robust version up function.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7428"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7429"><span class="text_class7430"><span class="text_class41">System Update module</span></span><span class="text_class7431"><span class="text_class7432"><span class="text_class41">should have a system difference version up function.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7433"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7434"><span class="text_class7435"><span class="text_class7436"><span class="text_class41">There should be a data update structure for each file or package (same as WindowsUpdate or apt of Linux distribution).</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7437"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7438"><span class="text_class7439"><span class="text_class7440"><span class="text_class41">There should be a data update structure for each file or package (same as WindowsUpdate or apt of Linux distribution).</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7441"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7442"><span class="text_class7443"><span class="text_class7444"><span class="text_class41">Difference update should be enabled for kernel, middle ware and application.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7445"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7446"><span class="text_class7447"><span class="text_class7448"><span class="text_class41">If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs during update for differences, the system should be recovered after choosing the status (before or after update) for each update target.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7449"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7450"><span class="text_class7451"><span class="text_class7452"><span class="text_class41">If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs during update for differences, the status (during update) should be detected and the system should restart.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7453"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7454"><span class="text_class7455"><span class="text_class7456"><span class="text_class41">Time required for applying patch should be 5 minutes maximum for single 10MByte data.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7457"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7458"><span class="text_class7459"><span class="text_class7460"><span class="text_class41">Memory usage for difference update should be maximum 1Mbyte.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7461"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7462"><span class="text_class7463"><span class="text_class7464"><span class="text_class41">Unit amount for difference data should be 10MByte maximum for difference update.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7465"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7466"><span class="text_class7467"><span class="text_class41">System Update module</span></span><span class="text_class7468"><span class="text_class7469"><span class="text_class41">should have full version up function for whole system.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7470"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7471"><span class="text_class7472"><span class="text_class7473"><span class="text_class41">Kernel, middle ware and application should be mass updated. System structure should allow mass update.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7474"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7475"><span class="text_class7476"><span class="text_class7477"><span class="text_class41">There should be mass update structure for kernel, middle ware and application.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7478"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7479"><span class="text_class7480"><span class="text_class7481"><span class="text_class41">If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs while mass update of kernel, middle ware and application, the status (during update) should be detected and the system should restart.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7482"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7483"><span class="text_class7484"><span class="text_class7485"><span class="text_class41">If power discontinuity (forced restart) occurs while mass update of kernel, middle ware and application, the status (during update) should be detected and the system should restart.</span></span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7486"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="210"><h2 class="paragraph_class37 2"><span class="text_class41">7.5 Device Drivers</span></h2></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7487"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7488"><span class="text_class7489"><span class="text_class41">Device drivers may be in kernel space or user space or a combination of both.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7490"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="211"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.5.1 Peripherals</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7491"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7492"><span class="text_class7493"><span class="text_class41">Typical IO device drivers such as SPI, USB, memory, I2C that are typically present on a SOC.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7494"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7495"><span class="text_class7496"><span class="text_class41">The flash process must be robust with an endurance of more than 10k write/erase cycles and data retention over 15-years/10 ppm, assuming application specific worst-case conditions. For optimised timing for downloading and restoring data the programming access time shall be less than 50 s/byte average.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7497"><span class="text_class7498"><span class="text_class41">The EEPROM process must be robust with an endurance of more than 100k write/erase cycles and data retention over 15 years/10ppm. Higher programming voltage than 5 V for Flash or EEPROM is not allowed.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7499"><span class="text_class7500"><span class="text_class41">In applications that need to save data at power down, the programming access time must be fast. (target <1ms/byte)</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7501"><span class="text_class7502"><span class="text_class41">N.B. EEPROM functionality can be emulated in flash memory passing the requirements above.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7503"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="212"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.5.2 Graphics Drivers</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7504"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7505"><span class="text_class7506"><span class="text_class41">Graphics drivers provide the interface to the graphical resources (e.g., GPU) within the system. This may include on-board graphical resources or a separate GPU from the main SOC.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7507"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="213"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.5.3 Video Drivers</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7508"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7509"><span class="text_class7510"><span class="text_class41">Video codecs allow the system to decode and/or encode video for playback or recording. Video codecs will nearly always be hardware based.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7511"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="214"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">7.5.3.1 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7512"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7513"><span class="text_class7514"><span class="text_class41">The system shall provide device drivers to access any hardware implementation of video functionality. </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7515"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="215"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.5.4 Audio Codecs</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7516"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="216"><h4 class="paragraph_class515 4"><span class="text_class41">7.5.4.1 Requirements</span></h4></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7517"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7518"><span class="text_class7519"><span class="text_class41">Automotive Grade Linux BSPs shall provide devices drivers to access audio codecs that are implemented in hardware. </span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7520"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7521"><span class="text_class7522"><span class="text_class41">Automotive Grade Linux BSPs should provide software implementations for those audio codecs that are required for AGL-based products and not supported in hardware.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7523"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="217"><h3 class="paragraph_class178 3"><span class="text_class41">7.5.5 Automotive Devices</span></h3></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7524"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7525"><span class="text_class7526"><span class="text_class41">Device drivers for automotive related devices. This may includes buses such as CAN, MOST, or LIN. Device drivers may be required for receivers (AM, FM, SDARS, etc). Drivers may also be required to directly interface to sensors that may not be on the bus such as gyros used for navigation or an air bag sensor for a telematics system.</span></span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7527"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><a name="218"><h1 class="paragraph_class34 1"><span class="text_class41">8 Notices</span></h1></a></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7528"><br/></span></span><span class="text_class33"><p class="paragraph_class7529"><span class="text_class7530"><span class="text_class41">Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7531"><span class="text_class7532"><span class="text_class41">The Linux Foundation and Yocto Project are registered trademarks of The Linux Foundation.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7533"><span class="text_class7534"><span class="text_class41">AirPlay is a registered trademark of Apple, Inc.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7535"><span class="text_class7536"><span class="text_class41">Bluetooth is a registered trademark of the Bluetooth SIG Inc.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7537"><span class="text_class7538"><span class="text_class41">Miracast is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7539"><span class="text_class7540"><span class="text_class41">MirrorLink is a certification mark of the Car Connectivity Consortium.</span></span></p><p class="paragraph_class7541"><span class="text_class41"> </span></p></span><span class="text_class35"><span class="text_class7542"><br/></span></span><script>createTree()</script></body></html>
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State Diagram.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe5496b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/media/Smartlink State Diagram.png diff --git a/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/media/picture95.png b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/media/picture95.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5caaae0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/agl-specs-v1.0/media/picture95.png diff --git a/docs/app-framework/index.md b/docs/app-framework/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5690fda --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/app-framework/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +# AGL Application Framework + +This page summarizes all materials related to AGL Application Framework + +## Source Code + +The current code of AGL App-Framework is stored on AGL Code Repository. It's divided in the following projects: + +* [src/app-framework-main](https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/gitweb?p=src%2Fapp-framework-main.git;a=summary) Main services +* [src/app-framework-binder](https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/gitweb?p=src%2Fapp-framework-binder.git;a=summary): Binder Daemon +* [src/app-framework-demo](https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/gitweb?p=src%2Fapp-framework-demo.git;a=summary) Demos + +## Building AGL with Application Framework support + +The Application Framework can be added easily to an AGL build using the feature 'agl-appfw-smack'. + +Typically, the following command can be called to initialize AGL build: + + # meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh -m porter agl-appfw-smack agl-demo agl-devel + ... + # bitbake agl-demo-platform + +## Documentation + +Technical documentation is maintained in the source code and should be browsable with the [upcoming AGL documentation system](https://github.com/automotive-grade-linux/docs-agl) + +Temporarily, a static documentation has been made in PDF format: + +* [Introduction to Application Framework](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/appfw/01_Introduction-to-AppFW-for-AGL-1.0.pdf) +* [AppFW Core Documentation](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/appfw/02_Documentation-AppFW-Core-2.0.pdf) +* [Privileges Management](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/appfw/03-AGL-AppFW-Privileges-Management.pdf) + +Some extra guides are also available in PDF format: + +* [Build your 1st AGL Application](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/sdk/AGL-Devkit-Build-your-1st-AGL-Application.pdf) +* Applications Templates are available on [github:iotbzh/app-framework-templates](https://github.com/iotbzh/app-framework-templates) + +### Bindings Examples + +Some bindings are available to quickstart new projects: + +* GPS - see [github:iotbzh/af-gps-binding](https://github.com/iotbzh/af-gps-binding/blob/master/src/af-gps-binding.c) +* OpenXC Reader - see [github:iotbzh/txc-demo](https://github.com/iotbzh/txc-demo/blob/master/binding/txc-binding.c) +* CPU/Memory stats - see [github:iotbzh/txc-demo](https://github.com/iotbzh/txc-demo/blob/master/binding/stat-binding.c) +* Radio - see [gerrit:src/app-framework-binder](https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/gitweb?p=src/app-framework-binder.git;a=tree;f=bindings/radio;hb=master) +* Audio - see [gerrit:src/app-framework-binder](https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/gitweb?p=src/app-framework-binder.git;a=tree;f=bindings/audio;hb=master) + +The list is not exhaustive. ***Please add other bindings here !*** + +### Demos + +* Simple HTML5 Demos apps (ported from Tizen) on [github:iotbzh/afm-widget-examples](https://github.com/iotbzh/afm-widget-examples) +* Installable package with [TXC Demo Application](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/afb-demos/txc-demo_0.1.wgt) +* Applications available in [gerrit:app-framework-demo](https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/gitweb?p=src/app-framework-demo.git;a=summary) + +## Presentations + +* Oct 16 - [Application Security Model - Status Update](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/genivi/CyberSecurity-Genivi-Q42016-Fulup-IoTbzh.pdf) +* Sept 16 - [Building Applications with AGL Framework](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/genivi/CyberSecurity-Genivi-Q42016-Fulup-IoTbzh.pdf) - Also visible in [PDF version](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/publications/build-agl-application-AMM-Munich-2016.pdf) +* Feb 16 - [HTML5 Apps for Automotive Systems](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/publications/HTML5_Applications_for_Automotive_Systems.pdf) +* Feb 16 - [Application & Security Framework Proposal AGL 2.0](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/security/Security-Proposal-AGL20-Fulup.pdf) +* Jan 16 - [Security Architecture Proposal](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/security/Security-Architecture-AGL20.pdf) + +## History + +### Motivation for rewriting the App. Framework + +To get the background and motivation on why Application Framework has been rewritten: + +* [Tizen Security: lessons learnt](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2015/tizen-security-lessons-learnt-initial.pdf) +* [this discussion](https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/automotive-discussions/2016-October/002749.html) +* [Linux Automotive Security](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/security/Linux-Automotive-Security-v10.pdf) + +### Comparison/Relationship with Tizen + + Tizen AGL + ---------------------------------- + App/OS isolation yes yes + Container option no possible + Native App partial* yes + HTML5 App yes yes + Cloud App No yes + Unified API (HTLM/Native) No yes + service as App** No yes + Adding API *** core core or App + Devel model bespoke Standard Web diff --git a/docs/audio/4a-framework.md b/docs/audio/4a-framework.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d54f12b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/audio/4a-framework.md @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +# AGL Audio High Level Binding (4A) + +The Audio High Level Binding is the upper layer in the Audio 4A architecture. + +Presentation is available: +[4a-presentation-by-audiokinetics](https://schd.ws/hosted_files/aglammeu17/aa/HighLevelAudio_DresdenAMM_Final_0.pdf) diff --git a/docs/audio/bluez-alsa.md b/docs/audio/bluez-alsa.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbdef77 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/audio/bluez-alsa.md @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +# bluez-alsa + +## Introduction + +Bluetooth Audio ALSA Backend allow bluetooth audio without PulseAudio. + +This project is a rebirth of a direct integration between Bluez and ALSA. Since Bluez >= 5, the build-in integration has been removed in favor of 3rd party audio applications. From now on, Bluez acts as a middleware between an audio application, which implements Bluetooth audio profile, and a Bluetooth audio device. + +github source : [bluez-alsa](https://github.com/Arkq/bluez-alsa) + +## Add bluez-alsa to an AGL image + +You can add bluez-alsa to your image + +```yocto +IMAGE_INSTALL_append = "bluez-alsa" +``` + +## Check bluez-alsa status + +You can check the bluez-alsa status by running: + +```bash +systemctl status bluez-alsa.service +``` + +## Stop pulseaudio + +You must disable pulseaudio if you want to use bluez-alsa + +```bash +systemctl --user stop pulseaudio +``` + +or disable pulseaudio bluetooth support + +```bash +vi /etc/pulse/default.pa +#.ifexists module-bluetooth-policy.so +#load-module module-bluetooth-policy +#.endif + +#.ifexists module-bluetooth-discover.so +#load-module module-bluetooth-discover +#.endif +``` + +## Connect your Bluetooth device + +You need to connect a bluetooth device + +```bash +$ bluetoothctl +[bluetooth]# pair ${BT_ADDR} +[bluetooth]# connect ${BT_ADDR} +[bluetooth]# info ${BT_ADDR} +``` + +Here somes documentation links: + +* [Bluetooth headset from archlinux](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Bluetooth_headset) +* [Bluetooth Headset from gentoo](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Bluetooth_Headset) +* [Bluez A2DP AudioSink for ALSA](http://www.lightofdawn.org/blog/?viewDetailed=00032) +* [Bluez A2DP](http://www.lightofdawn.org/wiki/wiki.cgi/BluezA2DP) + +## Test bluez-alsa speacker + +```bash +wget http://www.kozco.com/tech/piano2.wav + +aplay -D bluealsa:HCI=hci0,DEV=${BT_ADDR},PROFILE=a2dp ./piano2.wav +``` + +## Add bluez-alsa pcm config to alsa + +```bash +vi /etc/asound.conf +# Bluetooth headset +pcm.btheadset { + type plug + slave.pcm { + type bluealsa + device "${BT_ADDR}" + profile "a2dp" + } + hint { + show on + description "Bluetooth Audio ALSA Backend" + } +} +``` + +Doc [asoundrc](https://alsa.opensrc.org/Asoundrc) + +Test bluez-alsa pcm + +```bash +aplay -D btheadset ./piano2.wav +``` + +## Test gstreamer player + +```bash +gst-launch-1.0 uridecodebin uri=file:///mnt/Holy-Mountain.mp3 ! alsasink device=btheadset +``` + +## Test bluez-alsa phone + +After connected your phone with bluez: + +```bash +bluealsa-aplay ${BT_ADDR} +``` diff --git a/docs/getting-started/customize_bitbake_conf.md b/docs/getting-started/customize_bitbake_conf.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa466ca --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/customize_bitbake_conf.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# Customize AGL build + +To customize the AGL build, you edit local.conf file, located in the build/conf directory. + +```bash +edit $AGL_TOP/build/conf/local.conf +``` + +## Buildhistory + +The OpenEmbedded build system creates this directory when you enable the build history feature. + +```bash +INHERIT += "buildhistory" +BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT = "1" +``` + +For more information please check [Here][buildhistory] + +## Deletion of temporary workspace + +Removes work files after the OpenEmbedded build system has finished with them. + +```bash +INHERIT += "rm_work" +``` + +For more information please check [Here][rm_work] + +## Share sstate cache + +The directory for the shared state cache. + +```bash +SSTATE_DIR = "${HOME}/workspace_agl/sstate-cache" +``` + +For more information please check [Here][share_sstatecache] + +## Share Download directory + +The central download directory used by the build process to store downloads. + +```bash +DL_DIR = "${HOME}/workspace_agl/downloads" +``` + +For more information please check [Here][share_download] + +[buildhistory]: http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/latest/mega-manual/mega-manual.html#maintaining-build-output-quality +[rm_work]: http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/latest/mega-manual/mega-manual.html#ref-tasks-rm_work +[share_sstatecache]: https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Enable_sstate_cache +[share_download]: http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/latest/mega-manual/mega-manual.html#var-DL_DIR diff --git a/docs/getting-started/footers/intel-footer.md b/docs/getting-started/footers/intel-footer.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..967feb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/footers/intel-footer.md @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +## BIOS update + +Both Joule and MinnowBoard-Max (not needed on Turbo) require a BIOS upgrade before running AGL on them. + +**Do not loose any time trying without upgrading your BIOS first.** + +For instructions on how to update the BIOS on those platforms, please refer to these documents: +* [MinnowBoard](https://firmware.intel.com/projects/minnowboard-max) +* [Intel Joule](https://software.intel.com/en-us/flashing-the-bios-on-joule) +* Intel MRB contact your technical support representative to get the non signed ABL firmware<br> +**Note** MRB users need to replace the mkefi-agl.sh script by mkabl-agl.sh + +## Creating a bootable image + +Multiple options are avaiable but `dd` and `tar` can very easily let you down due to the requirement to pass SMACK labels, create a proper UEFI configuration and a few other tricks. +The script [mkefi-agl.sh](https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/gitweb?p=AGL/meta-agl.git;a=blob_plain;f=scripts/mkefi-agl.sh;hb=HEAD) has been done to help you. +The option -h will print the help and the option -v will detail the operation and ease any debug. + +## Installing your image on the internal eMMC + +It can be interesting to install the AGL image directly on the internal eMMC rather than to boot from and SD or a USB removable device. +The easiest to do so, is to add the required tools in your removable boot device, boot AGL from the removable device and +then use the mkefi-agl.sh script to install the image image on the internal eMMC. + * Add the tools to the AGL image. + ** Add a file site.conf in your build/conf directory with the following content: + ``` + INHERIT += "rm_work" + IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " linux-firmware-iwlwifi-7265d" + IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " parted e2fsprogs dosfstools" + IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " linux-firmware-i915 linux-firmware-ibt linux-firmware-iwlwifi-8000c" + add the iwlifi for your own device as needed + ``` + * rebuild your image and install it on your removable device with mkefi-agl.sh. + * add the AGL image file on your removable device in the home directory (for later installation) + ``` + the AGL image file created by yocto (.wic.xz) + located in build/tmp/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/agl-demo-platform-intel-corei7-64.wic.xz + ``` + * boot AGL from your removable device + * connect to the AGL running image either via serial link or ssh + * locate the eMMC device name + * install image with mkefi-agl.sh + ``` + cat /proc/partitions + ``` + * install the AGL image on the eMMC with mkefi-agl.sh script + * remove the USB or SD boot device + * reboot + +## Selecting the SD or USB to boot + +When booting a MinnowBoard or a Joule you can change the default boot device by hitting F2 during initial UEFI boot. +It's easier to achieve it in the right time with a USB keyboard than via serial link. +During boot USB hubs are not supported, you need to connect the keyboard directly in the USB socket. +It's also preferable to use F9 and to change the boot order once for all. +Please note: You can only change the boot order when a valid device is inserted in the corresponding port (USB or SD). + +The MinnowBoard, Joule, many laptops and NUCs will not accept to boot with some USB3 sticks. If you have some trouble to get your USB3 stick detected during boot, swap it for a USB2. In any case working with SD card is faster to flash and to boot. SD should be preferred. +The Joule seems to refuse to boot with my SD-HC-I type cards while I had no problem with the MinnowBoard. If you work with a Joule, use regular SD-HC (mode 4 and 10 work fine). + +## Serial debug Port + +Serial debug port ID varies with the HW platform. By default AGL build Intel target as a MinnowBoard where serial is `/dev/ttyS0`, on Joule and MRB the serial debug is `/dev/ttyS2`. +On Up boards the /dev/ttyS0 serial port is not easy to access and using /dev/ttyS4 which is routed on the Arduino connector.<br> [See pinout]( http://www.up-board.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/UP-Square-DatasheetV0.5.pdf) + +You may have to change the configuration in your bootloader which is located in the EFI partition. + +## Serial debug cable + +On the MinnowBoard the serial cable is an FTDI serial cable. The wiring can be found [here](http://wiki.minnowboard.org/MinnowBoard_MAX_HW_Setup).<br> +Up Boards use the same FDDI 3.3V adaptor than the Minnow but the pin out is not adjacent and requires to split the pins. +On the Joule the serial connection is done via the micro USB cable which is not provided in the Developer kit. Details can be found [here](https://software.intel.com/en-us/node/667851). +Interface speed is 115200 bps, 8 bits, no parity, no flow control + +## Which port name is used to define the connected display(s) + +Port naming may change with HW platforms and connected display. The simplest is to check following the first boot, in the systemd journal, which display names are listed. + +```bash +journalctl |grep Output +``` + +**Note:** The Output information is only listed if a real Display is connected to the connector on the board. +The file holding that configuration is `/etc/xdg/weston/weston.ini`. + +Common Display names for Intel are: + +* `HDMI-A-1` +* `HDMI-A-2` +* `LVDS-1` diff --git a/docs/getting-started/footers/porter-footer.md b/docs/getting-started/footers/porter-footer.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d1417d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/footers/porter-footer.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## Weston + +If Weston fails to start double check : +``/etc/xdg/weston/weston.ini`` +and verify that the output name and screen resolution matches the configured U-Boot environment. +For example on Renesas Porter board rev 1.0 with screen resolution 1024x768: + +```bash +[core] +shell=desktop-shell.so +backend=drm-backend.so + +[shell] +locking=true +# Uncomment below to hide panel +#panel-location=none + +[output] +name=HDMI-A-1 +mode=1024x768 +#mode=1920x1080 +#mode=173.00 1920 2048 2248 2576 1080 1083 1088 1120 -hsync +vsync +``` diff --git a/docs/getting-started/footers/raspberrypi-footer.md b/docs/getting-started/footers/raspberrypi-footer.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f5ff16f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/footers/raspberrypi-footer.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +# Commercial Licensed Packages + +Append to following lines to **conf/local.conf** to include libomxil under a commercial license to your build: + +```bash +# For libomxil +LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST = "commercial" + +IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " libomxil" +``` + +# Raspberry Pi Touchscreen with Rotation + +If you have Raspberry Pi official 7" touchscreen connected, you can rotate it with these lines in /etc/xdg/weston/weston.ini + +```bash +root@raspberrypi3:/etc/xdg/weston# cat weston.ini +[core] +backend=drm-backend.so +shell=desktop-shell.so + +[shell] +locking=true +# Uncomment below to hide panel +#panel-location=none + +[launcher] +icon=/usr/share/weston/terminal.png +path=/usr/bin/weston-terminal + +[launcher] +icon=/usr/share/weston/icon_flower.png +path=/usr/bin/weston-flower + +[output] +name=DSI-1 +transform=270 +``` + +# Debugging + +It is possible to debug AGL images on Raspberry Pi using 3.3V USB to serial cable, such as [Olimex USB-Serial-Cable-F](https://www.olimex.com/Products/Components/Cables/USB-Serial-Cable/USB-Serial-Cable-F/), connected to the UART of the board. Follow the instructions below to connect a cable to the board (do it on your own risk, no warranty is provided): + +* Connect the BLUE wire if you are using Olimex USB-Serial-Cable-F to pin 6 of Raspberry Pi, +* Connect the RX line of the cable (GREEN wire if you are using Olimex USB-Serial-Cable-F) to pin 8 (TX line) of Raspberry Pi, +* Connect the TX line of the cable (RED wire if you are using Olimex USB-Serial-Cable-F) to pin 10 (RX line) of Raspberry Pi. + + + +* Plug the USB connector of the cable to your computer and use your favorite tool for serial communication, for example on Ubuntu and other Linux distributions you may use screen: + +```bash +sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 +``` + +Pay attention that the colors of the cable may vary depending on the vendor. If you have USB console cable from Adafruit please have a look [here](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-5-using-a-console-cable/connect-the-lead). diff --git a/docs/getting-started/images/RaspberryPi2-ModelB-debug-serial-cable.jpg b/docs/getting-started/images/RaspberryPi2-ModelB-debug-serial-cable.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e8026d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/images/RaspberryPi2-ModelB-debug-serial-cable.jpg diff --git a/docs/getting-started/machines/R-Car-Starter-Kit-gen3.md b/docs/getting-started/machines/R-Car-Starter-Kit-gen3.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68a3798 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/machines/R-Car-Starter-Kit-gen3.md @@ -0,0 +1,633 @@ +# AGL Kickstart on Renesas R-Car Starter Kit Gen3 (h3ulcb, m3ulcb, salvator-x(optional)) + +## Prerequisites + +* At this step, you are assumed to have downloaded the [AGL source code](/docs/getting_started/en/dev/reference/source-code.html). + +See the related paragraph if not done yet. + +* For creating the microSD card, you will need **bmaptool** + +There are pre-built packages (.deb or .rpm) for the supported host OSes, available at [this location]( +https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/isv:LinuxAutomotive:AGL_Master/bmap-tools) + +## Hardware + +Here is a non exhaustive list of hardware parts that could be used to setup the R-Car Starter Kit Gen3 board development environment: + +* Starter Kit Gen3 board with its 5V power supply +* micro USB-A cable for serial console (optional if using ethernet and ssh connection) +* USB 2.0 Hub (optional) +* Ethernet cable (optional if using serial console) +* HDMI type D (Micro connector) cable and associated display +* micro-SD Card (at least 4GB) and recommend to use class 10 type. +* USB touch screen device like the GeChic 1502i/1503i (optional) + +For more information and latest news, please check : + +* [elinux page for h3ulcb][R-car h3ulcb] +* [elinux page for m3ulcb][R-car m3ulcb] +* [elinux page for salvator-x][R-car salvator-x] + +Infotainment Carrier Board : + +* [elinux page for Kingfisher][R-car Kingfisher] + +**Note**:That the Salvator-X has NDA restrictions, so less documentation is available both here and elsewhere. + +The following documents may also be helpful: + +* [Yocto-Gen3 on elinux][R-car yocto] + +## BSP Version of R-Car Starter Kit Gen3 + +| AGL Version| Renesas version | +|:-:|:-:| +| AGL master | 3.9.0 | +| AGL 6.0.0 | 3.7.0 | +| AGL 5.0.x, 5.1.0| 2.23.1 | +| AGL 4.0.x |2.19.0 | + +## Building the AGL Demo Platform for R-Car Starter Kit Gen3 + +Before setting up the build environment, you need to download the proprietary drivers. + +* The version of the drivers you need can be displayed this way: + +```bash +grep -rn ZIP_.= $AGL_TOP/meta-agl/meta-agl-bsp/meta-rcar-gen3/scripts/setup_mm_packages.sh +``` + +* Download Renesas graphics drivers with a "click through" license from [Renesas website][rcar Linux Drivers 2] + * Under the Target hardware: **R-Car H3/M3** section. + +**Note**: + +* You have to register with a free account on MyRenesas and accept the license conditions before downloading the drivers. + The operation is fast and simple nevertheless mandatory to access evaluation of non open-source drivers for free. + Once you registered, you can download two zip files. +* It is recommended to store these drivers into your download directory (usually $HOME/Downloads, pointed by $XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR in some OS). + * To avoid any errors, check that $XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR is set to the directory where the drivers are stored, if not, set it using 'export' command +* Be sure to have the need rights for these files using : + +```bash +chmod a+r $XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR/*.zip +``` + +* Check that the needed drivers files are found using : + +```bash +ls -1 $XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR +[master] +-rw-r--r--. 1 1664 agl-sdk 5.0M Jun 28 15:23 R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_for_Linux-20180627.zip +-rw-r--r--. 1 1664 agl-sdk 3,1M Jun 28 15:24 R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_of_Linux_Drivers-20180627.zip + +[Flounder] +-rw-r--r--. 1 1664 agl-sdk 4.9M Apr 24 15:23 R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_for_Linux-20180423.zip +-rw-r--r--. 1 1664 agl-sdk 3,0M Apr 24 15:24 R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_of_Linux_Drivers-20180423.zip + +[Eel] +-rw-r--r--. 1 1664 agl-sdk 4.5M Dec 8 15:23 R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_for_Linux-weston2-20170904.zip +-rw-r--r--. 1 1664 agl-sdk 3,0M Dec 8 15:24 R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_of_Linux_Drivers-weston2-20170904.zip +``` + +### Setting up the build environment + +Define the type of R-Car Starter Kit board as a variable: + +* for machine **h3ulcb** (Starter Kit Premier/H3) : + +```bash +export MACHINE=h3ulcb +``` + +* for machine **m3ulcb** (Starter Kit Pro/M3): + +```bash +export MACHINE=m3ulcb +``` + +* for machine **h3-salvator-x**: + +```bash +export MACHINE=h3-salvator-x +``` + +Now, init your build environment: + +```bash +cd $AGL_TOP +source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh -m $MACHINE -b build agl-devel agl-demo agl-netboot agl-appfw-smack agl-localdev +``` + +**IMPORTANT NOTE**: Read the log to be sure you had no error during your setup. + +In case of missing graphics drivers, you could notice an error message as follow: + +```bash +[snip] +--- fragment /home/working/workspace_agl_master/meta-agl/templates/machine/h3ulcb/50_setup.sh +/home/working/workspace_agl_master /home/working/workspace_agl_master/build_gen3 +The graphics and multimedia acceleration packages for +the R-Car Gen3 board can be downloaded from: + https://www.renesas.com/en-us/solutions/automotive/rcar-demoboard-2.html + +These 2 files from there should be store in your'/home/devel/Downloads' directory. + R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_for_Linux-weston2-20170904.zip + R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_of_Linux_Drivers-weston2-20170904.zip +/home/working/workspace_agl_master/build_gen3 +--- fragment /home/working/workspace_agl_master/meta-agl/templates/base/99_setup_EULAconf.sh +--- end of setup script +OK +Generating setup file: /home/working/workspace_agl_master/build_gen3/agl-init-build-env ... OK +------------ aglsetup.sh: Done +[snip] +``` + +If you encounter this issue, or any other unwanted behavior, you can fix the error mentioned and then clean up by removing the “$AGL_TOP/build” directory then re-launch the procedure again. + +In any case, you can find out more information for the reason of the error in this file: + +```bash +[snip] + +~/workspace_agl/build/conf $ cat setup.log +--- beginning of setup script +--- fragment /home/thierry/workspace_agl/meta-agl/templates/base/01_setup_EULAfunc.sh +--- fragment /home/thierry/workspace_agl/meta-agl/templates/machine/m3ulcb/50_setup.sh +~/workspace_agl ~/workspace_agl/build +ERROR: FILES "+/home/thierry/Downloads/R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_for_Linux-20180423.zip+" NOT EXTRACTING CORRECTLY +ERROR: FILES "+/home/thierry/Downloads/R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_of_Linux_Drivers-20180423.zip+" NOT EXTRACTING CORRECTLY +The graphics and multimedia acceleration packages for +the R-Car Gen3 board BSP can be downloaded from: +<https://www.renesas.com/us/en/solutions/automotive/rcar-download/rcar-demoboard-2.html> + +These 2 files from there should be stored in your +'/home/thierry/Downloads' directory. + R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_for_Linux-20180423.zip + R-Car_Gen3_Series_Evaluation_Software_Package_of_Linux_Drivers-20180423.zip +ERROR: Script /home/thierry/workspace_agl/build/conf/setup.sh failed +[snip] +``` + +After this command, the working directory is changed to $AGL_TOP/build. + +If you do not want do this, another option is to add the '**-f**' option to agl_setup.sh. + +Users may want to check that the board is correctly selected in the environment: + +```bash +grep -w -e "^MACHINE =" $AGL_TOP/build/conf/local.conf + MACHINE = "h3ulcb" +or + MACHINE = "m3ulcb" +or + MACHINE = "h3-salvator-x" +``` + +Configure for Release or Development: + +* development images contain extra tools for developer convenience, in particular: + * a debugger (gdb) + * some tweaks, including a disabled root password + * a SFTP server + * the TCF Agent for easier application deployment and remote debugging + * some extra system tools (usb, bluetooth ...) + * ... + +We explicitely activate these debug facilities by specifying the “agl-devel agl-netboot” feature. + +### Build your image + +The process to build an image is simple: + +```bash +bitbake agl-demo-platform +``` + +You may need to install rpcgen to run this command. + +When finished (it may take few hours), you should get the final result: + +```bash +ls -l $AGL_TOP/build/tmp/deploy/images/$MACHINE +``` + +**Note**: + +In case of failure of the build it is safe to first check that the Linux distribution chosen for your host has been validated for the current version of Yocto used by AGL. + +## Booting AGL Image on R-Car Starter Kit Gen3 boards using a microSD card + +To boot the board using a micro-SD card, there are two operations that must be done prior to first initial boot: + +* Update all firmware on the device. +* Set up the board to boot on the SD-card. + +For each subsequent build you only need to rewrite the SD-card with the new image. + +### Firmware Update + +This proceedure is done in two steps. The 'Sample Loader and MiniMonitor update' step only needs to be done once per device. The 'Firmware stack update' step is mandatory only if you use AGl Eel (version 5.0) or later. + +#### Sample Loader and MiniMonitor update + +Follow the documentation on the [eLinux.org wiki][R-car loader update] to update to at least version 3.02. This is mandatory to run AGL. + +#### Firmware stack update + +As an AArch64 platform, both **h3ulcb** and **m3ulcb** have a firmware stack divided in : **ARM Trusted Firmware**, **OP-Tee** and **U-Boot**. + +If you use AGl Eel (version 5.0) or later, you must update the firmware using the following links to eLinux.org wiki: **[h3ulcb][R-car h3ulcb firmware update]** or **[m3ulcb][R-car m3ulcb firmware update]**. + +The files listed in the eLinux.org wiki table will be found in the directory: + +```bash +*\$AGL_TOP/build/tmp/deploy/images/$MACHINE* +``` + +The Salvator-X firmware update process is not documented on eLinux. + +### Prepare the SD-card on the host + +Plug the microSD card and get its associated device by either running *`dmesg | tail -15`* or *`lsblk`*, for example: + +```bash +dmesg | tail -15 + + [ 1971.462160] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 03 00 00 00 + [ 1971.462277] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page found + [ 1971.462278] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through + [ 1971.463870] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 +``` + +Here, the SD-card is attached to the device /dev/sdc. + +```bash +lsblk + + NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT + sda 8:0 0 167,7G 0 disk + ├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi + ├─sda2 8:2 0 159,3G 0 part / + └─sda3 8:3 0 7,9G 0 part [SWAP] + sdb 8:16 0 931,5G 0 disk + └─sdb1 8:17 0 931,5G 0 part /media/storage + sdc 8:32 1 14,9G 0 disk + ├─sdc1 8:33 1 40M 0 part + └─sdc2 8:34 1 788M 0 part +``` + +**IMPORTANT NOTE**: This is a critical operation, each computer is different and removable devices can change from time to time: +so you should repeat this operation each time you insert the microSD card to confirm the device name. + +In the example above, we see: + +* the first SATA drive as 'sda'. +* 'sdc' corresponds to the microSD card, and is also marked as removable device by *lsblk* which is a good confirmation. +* Your desktop system probably offers a choice to mount the SD-card automatically in some directory. +* In the next sample code, we'll suppose that the SD-card mount directory is stored in the variable $SDCARD. +* For example, if the microSD card is associated with device *sdc*: + +Go to your build directory: + +```bash +cd $AGL_TOP/build/tmp/deploy/images/$MACHINE +``` + +You can use bmaptool to copy the **.wic.xz** file to the storage device, discovered in the previous step: + +```bash +bmaptool copy ./agl-demo-platform-$MACHINE.wic.xz $SDCARD +``` + +Or you can be uncompressed and written to the device: + +```bash + sudo umount /dev/sdc + xzcat ./agl-demo-platform-$MACHINE.wic.xz | sudo dd of=$SDCARD bs=4M + sync +``` + +### Booting the board + +* Turn the board off using the power switch. +* Insert the microSD-card. +* Verify that you have plugged in, at least : + * An external monitor on HDMI port + * An input device (keyboard, mouse, touchscreen...) on USB port. + +* Turn the board on using the power switch. + After a few seconds, you'll see the AGL splash screen on the display and you'll be able to log in on the console terminal or in the graphic screen. + +## Serial Console Setup + +### Install a serial client on your computer + +This can be “screen”, “picocom”, “minicom”. +The lighter of the 3 is “picocom” (it has less dependencies). + +### Plug a USB cable from your computer to the serial CP2102 USB port (micro USB-A) + +With “dmesg” you can check the device created for the serial link. +Usually, it's /dev/ttyUSB0 but the number may vary depending on other USB serial ports connected to the host. +To get it, you must switch the board on. +For example: + +```bash +dmesg | tail +[2097783.287091] usb 2-1.5.3: new full-speed USB device number 24 using ehci-pci +[2097783.385857] usb 2-1.5.3: New USB device found, idVendor=0403, idProduct=6001 +[2097783.385862] usb 2-1.5.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 +[2097783.385864] usb 2-1.5.3: Product: FT232R USB UART +[2097783.385866] usb 2-1.5.3: Manufacturer: FTDI +[2097783.385867] usb 2-1.5.3: SerialNumber: AK04WWCE +[2097783.388288] ftdi_sio 2-1.5.3:1.0: FTDI USB Serial Device converter detected +[2097783.388330] usb 2-1.5.3: Detected FT232RL +[2097783.388658] usb 2-1.5.3: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now attached to ttyUSB0 +``` + +The link is attached to the device /dev/ttyUSB0. +It is time to launch your serial client. +Example: + +```bash +picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0 +``` + +or + +```bash +minicom -b 115200 -D /dev/ttyUSB0 +``` + +or + +```bash +screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 +``` + +### Power on the board to see a shell on the console + +* For machine h3ulcb: + +```bash +NOTICE: BL2: R-Car Gen3 Initial Program Loader(CA57) Rev.1.0.7 +NOTICE: BL2: PRR is R-Car H3 ES1.1 +NOTICE: BL2: LCM state is CM +NOTICE: BL2: DDR1600(rev.0.15) +NOTICE: BL2: DRAM Split is 4ch +NOTICE: BL2: QoS is Gfx Oriented(rev.0.30) +NOTICE: BL2: AVS setting succeeded. DVFS_SetVID=0x52 +NOTICE: BL2: Lossy Decomp areas +NOTICE: Entry 0: DCMPAREACRAx:0x80000540 DCMPAREACRBx:0x570 +NOTICE: Entry 1: DCMPAREACRAx:0x40000000 DCMPAREACRBx:0x0 +NOTICE: Entry 2: DCMPAREACRAx:0x20000000 DCMPAREACRBx:0x0 +NOTICE: BL2: v1.1(release):41099f4 +NOTICE: BL2: Built : 19:20:52, Jun 9 2016 +NOTICE: BL2: Normal boot +NOTICE: BL2: dst=0xe63150c8 src=0x8180000 len=36(0x24) +NOTICE: BL2: dst=0x43f00000 src=0x8180400 len=3072(0xc00) +NOTICE: BL2: dst=0x44000000 src=0x81c0000 len=65536(0x10000) +NOTICE: BL2: dst=0x44100000 src=0x8200000 len=524288(0x80000) +NOTICE: BL2: dst=0x49000000 src=0x8640000 len=1048576(0x100000) + + +U-Boot 2015.04 (Jun 09 2016 - 19:21:52) + +CPU: Renesas Electronics R8A7795 rev 1.1 +Board: H3ULCB +I2C: ready +DRAM: 3.9 GiB +MMC: sh-sdhi: 0, sh-sdhi: 1 +In: serial +Out: serial +Err: serial +Net: Board Net Initialization Failed +No ethernet found. +Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 +=> +``` + +* For machine m3ulcb: + +``` +NOTICE: BL2: R-Car Gen3 Initial Program Loader(CA57) Rev.1.0.14 +NOTICE: BL2: PRR is R-Car M3 Ver1.0 +NOTICE: BL2: Board is Starter Kit Rev1.0 +NOTICE: BL2: Boot device is HyperFlash(80MHz) +NOTICE: BL2: LCM state is CM +NOTICE: BL2: AVS setting succeeded. DVFS_SetVID=0x52 +NOTICE: BL2: DDR1600(rev.0.22)NOTICE: [COLD_BOOT]NOTICE: ..0 +NOTICE: BL2: DRAM Split is 2ch +NOTICE: BL2: QoS is default setting(rev.0.17) +NOTICE: BL2: Lossy Decomp areas +NOTICE: Entry 0: DCMPAREACRAx:0x80000540 DCMPAREACRBx:0x570 +NOTICE: Entry 1: DCMPAREACRAx:0x40000000 DCMPAREACRBx:0x0 +NOTICE: Entry 2: DCMPAREACRAx:0x20000000 DCMPAREACRBx:0x0 +NOTICE: BL2: v1.3(release):4eef9a2 +NOTICE: BL2: Built : 00:25:19, Aug 25 2017 +NOTICE: BL2: Normal boot +NOTICE: BL2: dst=0xe631e188 src=0x8180000 len=512(0x200) +NOTICE: BL2: dst=0x43f00000 src=0x8180400 len=6144(0x1800) +NOTICE: BL2: dst=0x44000000 src=0x81c0000 len=65536(0x10000) +NOTICE: BL2: dst=0x44100000 src=0x8200000 len=524288(0x80000) +NOTICE: BL2: dst=0x50000000 src=0x8640000 len=1048576(0x100000) + + +U-Boot 2015.04-dirty (Aug 25 2017 - 10:55:49) + +CPU: Renesas Electronics R8A7796 rev 1.0 +Board: M3ULCB +I2C: ready +DRAM: 1.9 GiB +MMC: sh-sdhi: 0, sh-sdhi: 1 +In: serial +Out: serial +Err: serial +Net: ravb +Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 +=> +``` + +### Configure U-boot parameters + +Follow the steps below to configure the boot from microSD card and to set screen resolution: + +* Turn the board on using the power switch. +* Hit any key to stop autoboot (warning you have only few seconds). +* Type **printenv** to check if you have correct parameters for booting your board: + * Example for a h3ulcb: + + ``` + => printenv + baudrate=115200 + bootargs=console=ttySC0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait ro rootfstype=ext4 + bootcmd=run load_ker; run load_dtb; booti 0x48080000 - 0x48000000 + bootdelay=3 + fdt_high=0xffffffffffffffff + initrd_high=0xffffffffffffffff + load_dtb=ext4load mmc 0:1 0x48000000 /boot/Image-r8a7795-h3ulcb.dtb + load_ker=ext4load mmc 0:1 0x48080000 /boot/Image + stderr=serial + stdin=serial + stdout=serial + ver=U-Boot 2015.04 (Jun 09 2016 - 19:21:52) + + Environment size: 648/131068 bytes + ``` + + * Example for a m3ulcb: + + ``` + => printenv + baudrate=115200 + bootargs=console=ttySC0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait ro rootfstype=ext4 + bootcmd=run load_ker; run load_dtb; booti 0x48080000 - 0x48000000 + bootdelay=3 + fdt_high=0xffffffffffffffff + filesize=cdeb + initrd_high=0xffffffffffffffff + load_dtb=ext4load mmc 0:1 0x48000000 /boot/Image-r8a7796-m3ulcb.dtb + load_ker=ext4load mmc 0:1 0x48080000 /boot/Image + stderr=serial + stdin=serial + stdout=serial + ver=U-Boot 2015.04 (Nov 30 2016 - 18:25:18) + + Environment size: 557/131068 bytes + ``` + + * To boot on a sd card, it is recommended to set your environment using these commands : + + ``` + setenv bootargs console=ttySC0,115200 ignore_loglevel vmalloc=384M video=HDMI-A-1:1920x1080-32@60 root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rw rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rootdelay=2 + setenv bootcmd run load_ker\; run load_dtb\; booti 0x48080000 - 0x48000000 + setenv load_ker ext4load mmc 0:1 0x48080000 /boot/Image + ``` + + * For machine h3ulcb (BSP >= 2.19): + + ``` + setenv load_dtb ext4load mmc 0:1 0x48000000 /boot/Image-r8a7795-es1-h3ulcb.dtb + ``` + + * For machine h3ulcb (BSP < 2.19): + + ``` + setenv load_dtb ext4load mmc 0:1 0x48000000 /boot/Image-r8a7795-h3ulcb.dtb + ``` + + * For machine m3ulcb: + + ```bash + setenv load_dtb ext4load mmc 0:1 0x48000000 /boot/Image-r8a7796-m3ulcb.dtb + ``` + + * For machine m3ulcb with a kingfisher board: + + ```bash + setenv load_dtb ext4load mmc 0:1 0x48000000 /boot/Image-r8a7796-m3ulcb-kf.dtb + ``` + + * For machine h3ulcb with a kingfisher board: + + ```bash + setenv load_dtb ext4load mmc 0:1 0x48000000 /boot/Image-r8a7795-es1-h3ulcb-kf.dtb + ``` + + * Finally save boot environment: + + ```bash + saveenv + ``` + +* Now you can boot: + +``` +run bootcmd +``` + +### Console boot + +After booting, you should see the wayland display on the external monitor and a login prompt on the console, such as: + +* For machine h3ulcb: + +```bash +Automotive Grade Linux ${AGL_VERSION} h3ulcb ttySC0 + +h3ulcb login: root +``` + +* For machine m3ulcb: + +```bash +Automotive Grade Linux ${AGL_VERSION} m3ulcb ttySC0 + +m3ulcb login: root +``` + +Logging in on the console is easy: + +* login is 'root' +* password is empty (not asked) + +### Network access + +If the board is connected to a local network using ethernet and if a DHCP server is able to distribute IP addresses, +you can then determine the Gen3 board IP address and log in using ssh: + +```bash +m3ulcb login: root +Last login: Tue Dec 6 09:55:15 UTC 2016 on tty2 +root@m3ulcb:~# ip -4 a +1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default + inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 + inet 10.0.0.27/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +root@m3ulcb:~# +``` + +Here, IP address is 10.0.0.27. Logging in using SSH is easy: + +```bash +$ ssh root@10.0.0.27 +Last login: Tue Dec 6 10:01:11 2016 from 10.0.0.13 +root@m3ulcb:~# cat /etc/os-release +ID="poky-agl" +NAME="Automotive Grade Linux" +VERSION="3.0.0+snapshot-20161202 (chinook)" +VERSION_ID="3.0.0-snapshot-20161202" +PRETTY_NAME="Automotive Grade Linux 3.0.0+snapshot-20161202 (chinook)" +``` + +## More Documentation + +Detailed guides on how to build AGL for Renesas boards and using AGL SDK inside a ready-to-use Docker container: + +* [AGL-Devkit-Build-your-1st-AGL-Application.pdf][Iot.bzh AGL-Devkit-Build-your-1st-AGL-Application] + Generic guide on how to build various application types (HTML5, native, Qt, QML, …) for AGL. +* [AGL-Devkit-HowTo_bake_a_service.pdf][Iot.bzh AGL_Phase2-Devkit-HowTo_bake_a_service] + Generic guide on how to add a new service in the BSP. +* [AGL-Kickstart-on-Renesas-Porter-Board.pdf][Iot.bzh AGL-Kickstart-on-Renesas-Porter-Board] +* [AGL-Devkit-Image-and-SDK-for-Porter.pdf][Iot.bzh AGL-Devkit-Image-and-SDK-for-Porter] +* [AGL Developer Website](http://docs.automotivelinux.org) + +[R-car m3ulcb]: http://elinux.org/R-Car/Boards/M3SK +[R-car m3ulcb firmware update]: https://elinux.org/R-Car/Boards/M3SK#Flashing_firmware +[R-car h3ulcb]: http://elinux.org/R-Car/Boards/H3SK +[R-car h3ulcb firmware update]: https://elinux.org/R-Car/Boards/H3SK#Flashing_firmware +[R-car salvator-x]: https://elinux.org/R-Car/Boards/Salvator-X +[R-car loader update]: http://elinux.org/R-Car/Boards/Kingfisher#How_to_update_of_Sample_Loader_and_MiniMonitor +[R-car Kingfisher]: https://elinux.org/R-Car/Boards/Kingfisher +[R-car yocto]: http://elinux.org/R-Car/Boards/Yocto-Gen3 +[rcar Linux Drivers]: https://www.renesas.com/solutions/automotive/rcar-download/rcar-demoboard.html +[rcar Linux Drivers 2]: https://www.renesas.com/en-us/solutions/automotive/rcar-download/rcar-demoboard-2.html +[Iot.bzh AGL-Kickstart-on-Renesas-Porter-Board]: http://docs.automotivelinux.org/docs/devguides/en/dev/reference/iotbzh2016/sdk/AGL-Kickstart-on-Renesas-Porter-board.pdf +[Iot.bzh AGL-Devkit-Image-and-SDK-for-Porter]: http://docs.automotivelinux.org/docs/devguides/en/dev/reference/iotbzh2016/sdk/AGL-Devkit-Image-and-SDK-for-porter.pdf +[Iot.bzh AGL-Devkit-Build-your-1st-AGL-Application]: http://docs.automotivelinux.org/docs/devguides/en/dev/reference/iotbzh2016/sdk/AGL-Devkit-Build-your-1st-AGL-Application.pdf +[Iot.bzh AGL_Phase2-Devkit-HowTo_bake_a_service]: http://docs.automotivelinux.org/docs/devguides/en/dev/reference/iotbzh2016/bsp/AGL_Phase2-Devkit-HowTo_bake_a_service.pdf + diff --git a/docs/getting-started/machines/intel.md b/docs/getting-started/machines/intel.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..34957a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/machines/intel.md @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +# Running AGL on Intel MinnowBoard (and most Intel 64 bits HW) + +## Scope + +This documentation is aiming at people who want to run Automotive Grade +Linux (AGL) on Intel Hardware (HW). +While the reference HW used by AGL project is the Open Source MinnowBoard, this documentation [MinnowBoard wiki](https://minnowboard.org/) can be used to enable most of 64-bit Intel Architecture (IA) platforms using UEFI as boot loader. +In addition to the MinnowBoard, support for the [upCore & UpSquared boards](http://www.up-board.org/upsquared/) has been added. +You need to run the 64-bit version of the UEFI bootloader. +MinnowBoard Max and Turbot as well as Joule are both 64-bit capable. + +**Note**: This page is more focused on those who want to create bespoke AGL images and BSPs. + +If you are interested in creating ***applications*** to run on AGL, please visit the [Developing Apps for AGL](https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/agl-distro/developer_resources_intel_apps) documentation. + +UEFI has evolved a lot recently and you likely want to check that your HW firmware is up-to-date, this is mandatory for both the MinnowBoard-Max and the Joule. Not required on Minnowboard-Turbo and Up boards. + +[`https://firmware.intel.com/projects/minnowboard-max`](https://firmware.intel.com/projects/minnowboard-max) +[`https://software.intel.com/en-us/flashing-the-bios-on-joule`](https://software.intel.com/en-us/flashing-the-bios-on-joule) + +## Where to find an AGL bootable image + +### Download a ready made image + +AGL provides ready made images for developers. +You will find them on [AGL Download web site](https://download.automotivelinux.org/AGL/release) +image are located in YourPreferedRelease/intel-corei7-64/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/ +Create a bootable SD card with the script [mkefi-agl.sh](https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/gitweb?p=AGL/meta-agl.git;a=blob_plain;f=scripts/mkefi-agl.sh;hb=HEAD) +check the available options with the -v option. mkefi-agl.sh -v + +### Building an AGL image from scratch using Yocto + +**Note**: an alternative method for building an image is to use the AGL SDK delivered in a Docker container. + +There is currently no SDK dedicated to IA but the SDK provided for the Porter Board can build an IA image without changes (just `aglsetup.sh` needs to call for Intel). + +See chapter 2 of [Porter QuickStart](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/sdk/AGL-Kickstart-on-Renesas-Porter-board.pdf "wikilink"). + +#### Download AGL source code + +Downloading the AGL sources from the various Git repositories is automated with the `repo` tool. Basic steps to download the AGL source code is described below and for more advanced topics involving the `repo` tool, please refer to the [`repo` documentation](https://source.android.com/source/using-repo.html "wikilink"). + +To install the `repo` tool: + +```bash + mkdir -p ~/bin; + export PATH=~/bin:$PATH; + curl https://storage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/bin/repo; + chmod a+x ~/bin/repo; +``` + +#### Configuring for the current *(older)* stable (Electric Eel 5.0.x) + +```bash + cd AGL-5.0.x; + repo init -b eel -m default.xml -u https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/AGL/AGL-repo +``` + +#### Configuring for master (DD) + +```bash + cd AGL-master; + repo init -u https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/AGL/AGL-repo; +``` + +Once that you repo is initialised either with the stable or WIP, you need to sync the repo to fetch the various git trees. + +#### Downloading the configured AGL source code + +```bash + repo sync; +``` + +#### Building the AGL distro + +You are now ready to initialise your Yocto build. +When running the command: + +```bash + source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh -h +``` + +You will notice the Intel entries + +```bash + intel-corei7-64 + joule +``` + +Simply select that entry to replace porter in the -m option. +**Note:** agl-netboot option is required to create the right initramfs even if you do not boot from a network + +```bash + source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh \ + -m intel-corei7-64 \ + -b build \ + agl-devel agl-demo agl-appfw-smack agl-netboot agl-audio-4a-framework +``` + +**Note:** use the option "-m joule" when building for a Joule developer Kit target. + +Start the build **This can take several hours depending of your CPU and +internet connection and will required several GB on /tmp as well as on your build directory** + +```bash + bitbake agl-demo-platform +``` + +**Your newly baked disk image (.wic.xz) will be located at**: + `tmp/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/` + +##### Alternative: Download a *ready made* image from AGL web site + +The Continuous Integration (CI) process from AGL creates and publish daily and stable builds. +Pointers to both can be found in [AGL supported HW](https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/agl-distro) (see Reference BSP/Intel). + +Once you have validated your process you can start to play/work with the snapshot pointer. + +Note that snapshot build may not work. + +Follow the directory: + +`intel-corei7-64/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/` + +and download the file: + +`agl-demo-platform-intel-corei7-64.hddimg` + +## Create a bootable media + +Depending your target HW you will use an USB stick, an SD card or a HDD/SDD. +The creation process remains the same independently of the selected support. +It does require to have access to a Linux machine with `sudo` or root password. + +### Insert you removable media in the corresponding interface + +### Check the device name where the media can be accessed with the command + +```bash + lsblk + # Note that you want the name of the raw device not of a partition on the media + #(eg. /dev/sdc or /dev/mmcblk0) +``` + +### Download the script `mkefi-agl.sh` + +This script is present in the directory meta-agl/scripts from blowfish 2.0.4 : [mkefi-agl.sh](https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/gitweb?p=AGL/meta-agl.git;a=blob_plain;f=scripts/mkefi-agl.sh;hb=HEAD) + +Alternatively you can download it from the following Git repo: + +[https://github.com/dominig/mkefi-agl.sh](https://github.com/dominig/mkefi-agl.sh) + +### check the available options + +```bash + sh mkefi-agl.sh -v; +``` + +### create your media with the command adjusted to your configuration + +```bash + sudo sh mkefi-agl.sh MyAglImage.hdd /dev/sdX + #/dev/sdX is common for USB stick, /dev/mmcblk0 for laptop integrated SD card reader +``` + +## Boot the image on the target device + +1. Insert the created media with the AGL image in the target device + +1. Power on the device + +1. Select Change one off boot option (generally F12 key during power up) + +1. Select your removable device + +1. Let AGL boot + +**Note:**: depending on the speed of the removable media, the first boot may not complete, in that case simply reboot the device. + +This is quite common with USB2 sticks. + +By default the serial console is configured and activated at the rate of 115200 bps. + +## How to create your 1st AGL application + +[Developing Apps for AGL](https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/agl-distro/developer_resources_intel_apps) diff --git a/docs/getting-started/machines/qemu.md b/docs/getting-started/machines/qemu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7bd14c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/machines/qemu.md @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +# Building the AGL Demo Platform for QEMU + +To build the QEMU version of the AGL demo platform use machine **qemux86-64** along with features **agl-demo** and **agl-devel**: + +```bash +source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh -f -m qemux86-64 agl-demo agl-devel +bitbake agl-demo-platform +``` + +By default, the build will produce a compressed *vmdk* image in **tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/agl-demo-platform-qemux86-64.vmdk.xz** + +## Deploying the AGL Demo Platform for QEMU + +### Prepare an image for boot + +Decompress the **agl-demo-platform-qemux86-64.vmdk.xz** image to prepare it for boot. + +#### Linux + +```bash +cd tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64 +xz -d agl-demo-platform-qemux86-64.vmdk.xz +``` + +#### Windows + +Download [7-Zip](http://www.7-zip.org/) and select **agl-demo-platform-qemux86-64.vmdk.xz** to be decompressed. + +## Boot an image + +### QEMU + +#### Install QEMU + +**Note**: if an AGL crosssdk has been created, it will contain a qemu binary for the host system. This SDK qemu binary has no graphics support and cannot currently be used to boot an AGL image. + +*Arch*: + +```bash +sudo pacman -S qemu +``` + +*Debian/Ubuntu*: + +```bash +sudo apt-get install qemu-system-x86 +``` + +*Fedora*: + +```bash +sudo yum install qemu-kvm +``` + +#### Boot QEMU + +Boot the **agl-demo-platform-qemux86-64.vmdk** image in qemu with kvm support: + +```bash +qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 2048 \ + -hda agl-demo-platform-qemux86-64.vmdk \ + -cpu kvm64 -cpu qemu64,+ssse3,+sse4.1,+sse4.2,+popcnt \ + -vga virtio -show-cursor \ + -device virtio-rng-pci \ + -serial mon:stdio -serial null \ + -soundhw hda \ + -net nic,vlan=0 \ + -net user,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 +``` + +### VirtualBox + +#### Install VirtualBox + +Download and install [VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads) 5.2.0 or later. + +#### Boot VirtualBox + +Boot the **agl-demo-platform-qemux86-64.vmdk** image in VirtualBox: + +* Start VirtualBox +* Click **New** to create a new machine + * Enter **AGL QEMU** as the *Name* + * Select **Linux** as the *Type* + * Select **Other Linux (64-bit)** as the *Version* + * Set *Memory size* to **2 GB** + * Click **Use an existing virtual hard disk file** under *Hard disk* + * Navigate to and select the **agl-demo-platform-qemux86-64.vmdk** image +* Ensure that the newly created **AGL QEMU** machine is highlighted and click **Start** + +### VMWare Player + +#### Install VMWare Player + +Download and install [VMWare Player](https://www.vmware.com/products/player/playerpro-evaluation.html) + +#### Boot VMWare Player + +Boot the **agl-demo-platform-qemux86-64.vmdk** image in VMWare Player: + +* Start VMWare Player +* Select **File** and **Create a New Virtual Machine** + * Select **I will install the operating system later** and click **Next** + * Select **Linux** as the *Guest Operating System*, **Other Linux 3.x kernel 64-bit** as the *Version*, and click **Next** + * Enter **AGL QEMU** as the *Name* and click **Next** + * Leave *disk capacity settings* unchanged and click **Next** + * Click **Finish** +* Select/highlight **AGL QEMU** and click **Edit virtual machine settings** + * Select/highlight **Memory** and click **2 GB** + * Select/highlight **Hard Disk (SCSI)** and click **Remove** + * Click **Add** + * Select **Hard Disk** and click **Next** + * Select **SCSI (Recommended)** and click **Next** + * Select **Use an existing virtual disk** and click **Next** + * Browse and select the **agl-demo-platform-qemux86-64.vmdk** image + * Click **Finish** + * Click **Keep Existing Format** + * Click **Save** +* Ensure that the newly created **AGL QEMU** machine is highlighted and click **Power On** diff --git a/docs/getting-started/machines/raspberrypi.md b/docs/getting-started/machines/raspberrypi.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e016584 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/machines/raspberrypi.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Building the AGL Demo Platform for Raspberry Pi + +## Raspberry Pi 3 + +To build AGL demo platform for Raspberry Pi 3 use machine **raspberrypi3** and feature **agl-demo**: + +```bash +source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh -m raspberrypi3 agl-demo agl-netboot agl-appfw-smack +bitbake agl-demo-platform +``` + +## Raspberry Pi 2 + +To build AGL demo platform for Raspberry Pi 2 use machine **raspberrypi2** and feature **agl-demo**: + +```bash +source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh -m raspberrypi2 agl-demo agl-netboot agl-appfw-smack +bitbake agl-demo-platform +``` + +## Booting AGL Demo Platform on Raspberry Pi + +Follow the steps below to copy the image to microSD card and to boot it on Raspberry Pi 2 or 3: + +* Connect your sdcard in your linux machine. +* Copy output image from build machine to linux machine that is connected your sdcard. (Often, those are same machines) +* Output Image location in build machine for Raspberry Pi 2: *tmp/deploy/images/raspberrypi2/agl-demo-platform-raspberrypi2.wic.xz* +* Output Image location in build machine for Raspberry Pi 3: *tmp/deploy/images/raspberrypi3/agl-demo-platform-raspberrypi3.wic.xz* +* Unmount the microSD card and after that flash output image to it card with root user: + +*Note: the sdimage files can also be named rpi-sdimg-ota in case you have the **"agl-sota"** feature enabled* + +```bash +sudo umount [sdcard device] +xzcat [output image] | sudo dd of=[sdcard device] bs=4M +sync +``` + +* Plug your microSD card into Raspberry Pi 2 or 3 and boot the board diff --git a/docs/getting-started/setup-sdk-environment.md b/docs/getting-started/setup-sdk-environment.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..691702c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/setup-sdk-environment.md @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +# AGL SDK Quick Setup + +This tutorial explains how to quickly setup an environment suitable to building and packaging AGL Applications using the SDK and a Docker container. + +The current tutorial has been tested on Linux, but may work with a few adjustments for Windows or MacOS. + +## Step 1: install Docker + +First install docker on your host, if not already done. +General instructions for Linux are available on the [Docker Site](https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/). + +Add yourself to the docker group. + +## Step 2: setup persistent workspace + +Docker images are pre-configured to use a particular uid:gid to enable the use +of OpenEmbedded build system. They provide a dedicated user account *devel* +which belong to uid=1664(devel) gid=1664(devel). (Note: password is *devel*) + +The script 'create_container' presented below instantiates a new container +and shares some volumes with the host: + +* /xdt (the build directory inside the container) is stored in ~/ssd/xdt_$ID (specific to instance ID) +* /home/devel/mirror is stored in ~/ssd/localmirror_$ID (specific to instance ID) +* /home/devel/share => points to ~/devel/docker/share (shared by all containers) + +Those shared volumes with the host needs the proper permissions to be accessible +from the contained environment. + +```bash +mkdir ~/ssd ~/devel +chmod a+w ~/ssd ~/devel +``` + +**Note**: + +* To gain access from your host on files created within the container, your + host account requires to be added to group id 1664. + +## Step 3: install the "Generic AGL Worker" Docker Image + +### Get docker image + +#### Pre-built image + +A pre-built image is available on automotivelinux download public site and can be used directly. + +First, download and load the image in your local Docker instance: + +```bash +wget -O - https://download.automotivelinux.org/AGL/snapshots/sdk/docker/docker_agl_worker-latest.tar.xz | docker load; +docker images; + REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE + docker.automotivelinux.org/agl/worker-generic 5.99-95 6fcc19b4e0d7 2 weeks ago 1.56GB + jenkins latest 55720d63e328 5 weeks ago 711.9 MB + hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB +``` + +Identify the IMAGE_ID you just loaded. In the example above, this is 6fcc19b4e0d7 + +```bash +export IMAGE_ID=6fcc19b4e0d7 +``` + +#### Rebuilt image + +The Docker image for AGL Worker can be rebuilt using the scripts published here [docker-worker-generator](https://git.automotivelinux.org/AGL/docker-worker-generator/). + +### Start image + +Then, use the 'create_container' script to start a new, fresh container based on the AGL Worker image: + +**Note**: + +* The password for the id 'devel' inside the docker image is 'devel'. + +```bash +git clone https://git.automotivelinux.org/AGL/docker-worker-generator; +cd docker-worker-generator; +./contrib/create_container 0 $IMAGE_ID; +docker ps; + CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES + 4fb7c550ad75 6fcc19b4e0d7 "/usr/bin/wait_for_ne" 33 hours ago Up 33 hours 0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:69->69/udp, 0.0.0.0:8000->8000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:10809->10809/tcp agl-worker-odin-0-sdx +``` + +## Step 4: install the AGL SDK for your target + +Here, we assume that we just built an image 'agl-demo-platform-crosssdk' using the Yocto build procedure documented in the [Getting Started](../) section of the documentation. + +So we can copy such file to the shared volume. + +For example, we could have built the SDK from another worker container listening with SSH on port 2223: + +```bash +create_container 1; +ssh -p 2223 devel@mybuilder.local; +... [ prepare build environment ] ... +bitbake agl-demo-platform-crosssdk; +... [ build happens in /xdt/build ] ... +cp /xdt/build/tmp/deploy/sdk/poky-agl-glibc-x86_64-agl-demo-platform-crosssdk-cortexa15hf-neon-toolchain-3.0.0+snapshot.sh ~/share; +``` + +then login to the first "SDK Container" and install the SDK: + +```bash +ssh -p 2222 devel@mysdk.local; +install_sdk ~/share/poky-agl-glibc-x86_64-agl-demo-platform-crosssdk-cortexa15hf-neon-toolchain-3.0.0+snapshot.sh; +``` + +## Step 5: build your application + +First, you must source the SDK environment you wish to use (you MUST repeat this step each time you open a new shell): + +```bash +source /xdt/sdk/environment-setup-<your_target> +``` + +You're then ready to go: get the sources, run the builds ... + +```bash +git clone <your repo for your app>; +cd <your app>; +cmake; make; make package; +``` diff --git a/docs/getting-started/source-code.md b/docs/getting-started/source-code.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c5d6f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/source-code.md @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +# Introduction: Building target AGL image with Yocto project + +The standard Yocto process is made of the following steps: + +* Setting up your operating system. +* Setting up the build environment for R-Car BSP. +* Downloading the proprietary drivers and installing them in the build environment (if needed). +* Build the image. +* Boot using SD-CARD. + * Create an SD-CARD. + * Configure to boot on SD-CARD. + * Copy the image to the SD-CARD. + * Boot the board on it. + +For convenience, the resulting development images are made available [Here][AGL snapshots master latest] + +If you want to bypass the build phase and quick boot the board, you can download the image tarball and the kernel then follow the installation procedure. + +## Setting up your operating system + +The very first step is to ensure that your system can run the build system of the Yocto Project. + +**Important**: it only runs on Linux + +* if your system is Windows© or iOS© you should use a virtualization solution (Virtualbox, VMWare ...) to run a Linux VM on your system. + +For AGL 6.0, Yocto Project 2.4, known as rocko, has been selected for the BSP and build system. + +Reference data for configuring your system can be found in the Yocto documentation [Here][yocto ref Manual] + +Here after an extract of this documentation for most common Linux distributions: + +* The build system should be able to run on any modern distributions that has the following versions for: + * Python + * Git 1.7.8 or greater + * tar 1.24 or greater + * GCC, … + +**Note**: + +* Python 2.7.3 or greater excluding Python 3.x, which is not supported. + +### Ubuntu and Debian + +The essential and graphical support packages you need for a supported Ubuntu or Debian distribution are shown in the following command: + +```bash +sudo apt-get install gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib \ + build-essential chrpath socat libsdl1.2-dev xterm cpio curl +``` + +**Note**: + +* Also note that for this tutorial, the utility 'curl' has been added to the list of packages to install. + +### Fedora + +The essential and graphical packages you need for a supported Fedora distribution are shown in the following command: + +```bash +sudo yum install gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python unzip perl patch \ + diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel texinfo chrpath \ + ccache perl-Data-Dumper perl-Text-ParseWords perl-Thread-Queue socat \ + SDL-devel xterm curl +``` + +### OpenSUSE + +The essential and graphical packages you need for a supported OpenSUSE distribution are shown in the following command: + +```bash +sudo zypper install python gcc gcc-c++ git chrpath make wget python-xml \ + diffstat texinfo python-curses patch socat libSDL-devel xterm curl \ + python3 python3-curses glibc-locale +``` + +### CentOS + +The essential and graphical packages you need for a supported CentOS distribution are shown in the following command: + +```bash +sudo yum install gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python unzip perl patch \ + diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel texinfo chrpath \ + socat SDL-devel xterm curl +``` + +## Download AGL Source Code + +The AGL source code and Yocto layers are maintained on the AGL Gerrit server. +For information on how to create accounts for gerrit see [Getting Started with AGL][Getting Started with AGL]. + +### Setting up the build environment + +In the following, your top level directory is noted as “AGL_TOP”. +For example, we will set AGL_TOP to point to a directory “$HOME/workspace_agl”: + +```bash +export AGL_TOP=$HOME/workspace_agl +mkdir -p $AGL_TOP +``` + +### Prepare Repo Tool + +AGL Uses the 'repo' tool for managing repositories. +You need to setup layers of AGL. +You can use the commands below to prepare Repo: + +```bash +mkdir -p ~/bin +export PATH=~/bin:$PATH +curl https://storage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/bin/repo +chmod a+x ~/bin/repo +``` + +**Note**: + +* More information about the tool 'repo' [Here][repo info] + +### Download source + +You can choose your source release + +### Download Latest Stable Release + +To download all layers for the for the latest stable release, eel 5.0.3: + +```bash +cd $AGL_TOP +repo init -b eel -m eel_5.1.0.xml -u https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/AGL/AGL-repo +repo sync +``` + +### Download Master Branch + +To download all code from master: + +```bash +cd $AGL_TOP +repo init -u https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/AGL/AGL-repo +repo sync +``` + +## Set up Build Environment Info + +AGL has created a set up script for defining the target build and desired optional features. + +To get a complete list of the options available run. + +```bash +cd $AGL_TOP +source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh -h +``` + +Once you run aglsetup.sh with your desired parameters, you can build any target desired. + +## Features supported by aglsetup + +Here is the list of features for AGL 2.1 that can be specified in the aglsetup.sh command line: + +* in **meta-agl** + * agl-all-features + * agl-appfw-smack: enables IoT.bzh Application Framework + SMACK + Cynara + * agl-archiver + * agl-ci + * agl-ci-change-features + * agl-ci-change-features-nogfx + * agl-ci-snapshot-features + * agl-ci-snapshot-features-nogfx + * agl-devel: activate development options (empty root password, debugger, strace, valgrind …) + * agl-gplv2 + * agl-isafw + * agl-netboot: enable network boot support through TFTP and NBD (see meta-netboot layer) + * agl-profile-graphical + * agl-profile-graphical-html5 + * agl-profile-graphical-qt5 + * agl-profile-hud + * agl-profile-telematics + * agl-ptest + * agl-sota: enable SOTA components and dependencies (meta-sota, meta-filesystems, meta-ruby, meta-rust are added) +* in **meta-agl-demo** + * agl-demo: enable layer meta-agl-demo and meta-qt5 - required to build * agl-demo-platform + * agl-iotivity + * agl-sdl +* in **meta-agl-devel** + * agl-audio-4a-framework + * agl-audio-soundmanager-framework + * agl-egvirt + * agl-hmi-framework + * agl-oem-extra-libs + * agl-renesas-kernel + * agl-telemetry +* in **meta-agl-extra** + * agl-localdev: add a local layer named “meta-localdev” in meta directory and a local.dev.inc conf file if present + * blsched + +For newer features or to get more details on a given feature, take a look at the configuration files stored for each feature and/or each machine in meta-agl/templates and meta-agl-extra/templates. + +[AGL snapshots master latest]: https://download.automotivelinux.org/AGL/snapshots/master/latest/ +[yocto ref Manual]: http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/2.0/ref-manual/ref-manual.html#detailed-supported-distros +[Getting Started with AGL]: https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/start/getting-started +[repo info]: https://source.android.com/source/using-repo.html diff --git a/docs/getting-started/troubleshooting.md b/docs/getting-started/troubleshooting.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3ad889 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started/troubleshooting.md @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ +# Troubleshooting + +## Extended attributes MUST be copied + +**IMPORTANT, The extended attribute set during image construction MUST be copied to the SD card.** + +When using tar to create the SDcard, it is a common error to not copy the extended attributes. Find below instruction for using tar. + +Verify that **tar** version is 1.28 or newer: + +```bash +tar --version +tar (GNU tar) 1.28 +[snip] +``` + +If it is not the case, a native up-to-date version of tar is also generated while building AGL distribution: + +```bash +tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux/usr/bin/tar-native/tar --version +tar (GNU tar) 1.28 +[snip] +``` + +To copy Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) files AND EXTENDED ATRIBUTES onto the SDcard using tar the command is: + +```bash +tar --extract --xz --numeric-owner --preserve-permissions --preserve-order --totals \ + --xattrs-include='*' --directory=DESTINATION_DIRECTORY --file=agl-demo-platform.....tar.xz +``` + +## meta-rust + +Due to a known bug in the upstream of meta-rust the Yocto/OE recipe for rust-cross may fail while building RVI SOTA Client or another application written in the Rust programming language. +Until the complete resolution of the issue the workaround is to disable all use of the CXX11 ABI by applying the following lines to **conf/local.conf**: + +```bash +LD_CXXFLAGS_append = " -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0" +TARGET_CXXFLAGS_append = " -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0" +CXXFLAGS_append = " -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0" + +BUILD_CXXFLAGS_remove_pn-gcc-runtime = "-D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0" +TARGET_CXXFLAGS_remove_pn-gcc-runtime = "-D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0" CXXFLAGS_remove_pn-gcc-runtime = "-D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0" +``` + +## Screen orientation for Splash and in Weston + +Depending of your scren mounting the default orientation of the UI an/or splash screen might be incorrect. +To change the orientation of the splash screen patch + +```bash +File: /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/psplash-start.service +Line: ExecStart=/usr/bin/psplash -n -a 90 +``` + +To change the orientation of the UI in Weston patch + +```bash +File: /etc/xdg/weston/weston.ini +Line: transform=90 +``` + +## Disabling Homescreen in AGL 4.0.x DD release + +**Problem**: new installed applications are not available on Homescreen and even if started manually through afm-util, the application starts but no surface appears. + +**Answer**: this is due to IVI-Shell integration with Qt and Homescreen. + +To disable IVI-Shell and revert to the "plain old" weston desktop, you can follow the 4 steps below: + +* Modify */etc/xdg/weston/weston.ini* and comment the line mentioning IVI-shell. For example on Porter board: + +```bash + [core] + backend=drm-backend.so + #shell=ivi-shell.so + ... +``` + +* modify */etc/afm/unit.env.d/qt-for-ivi-shell* and comment the line specifying QT Wayland backend: + +```bash + ... + #Environment=QT_WAYLAND_SHELL_INTEGRATION=ivi-shell + ... +``` + +(If you use vi, remove backup files by `rm /etc/afm/unit.env.d/*~`) + +* disable Homescreen services: + +```bash + # systemctl --user mask HomeScreen.service +``` + +* Reboot your target and you should then be able to start apps on the standard weston screen using afm-util + +## Adding media files to play with MediaPlayer + +AGL include the default MediaPlayer sample app which can be used to play music. The `lightmediascanner.service` by default will search for media under the `/media` folder. So if you plug in any USB stick containing music, they would be recognized and showed in the playlist of the MediaPlayer app menu. + +The current supported format is OGG. Please convert your files to ogg to play with MediaPlayer. + +In case you want to store music in another place, modify the `/usr/lib/systemd/user/lightmediascanner.service` file and change the `--directory` parameter to the path of that folder. + +If you don’t want to touch the ligthmediascanner service, you can also add a folder named "Music" under `/home/root` and put your music files there. + +## Configuring the Audio hardware + +AGL uses alsa as Audio configuration master. If the correct HW is not setup, the Audio system will fail to start what will also fails the demo Home Screen launch. +You need to configure Audio in 2 places + +* alsa +* 4A HAL + +### alsa + + The file /etc/asound.conf (at the beginning) tells which hardware will be used. + For example on an Intel Minnow or UP board your need to enter the following configuration. + +```bash + pcm.Speakers { + type dmix + slave {pcm "hw:PCH,3"} + ipc_key 1001 # ipc_key should be unique to each dmix + } +``` + +The correct value (here hw:PCH,3) can be obtained with the command: + +```bash + aplay -l + **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** + card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] + Subdevices: 1/1 + Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 + card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1] + Subdevices: 1/1 + Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 +``` + +Using hw:PCH rather than hw:0 will avoid you many trouble.\ +NOTE that the device number is not always 0. If you give no device number, alsa will assume device 0 (and the not the first available device), what can fail your configuration.\ +As the default is hw:0 (card 0 device 0), it will always fail on a Minnow or UP board. + +For info HW device for common configuration are: + +* for USB Audio -> hw:AUDIO,0 +* for Intel Analog output -> hw:PCH,0 (not available on Minnow, Joule, Up boards, ...) +* for Intel via -> HDMI hw:PCH,3 +* for MOST Unicens -> hw:ep016ch,0 + +### 4A HAL configuration + +AGL 4A needs to know which HAL shall be used. This is configured in the file: + +```bash +/usr/agl-service-audio-4a/ahl-agl-service-audio-4a-config.json +``` + +At the beginning of that file you will find the slected HAL (note the there is no correct default value). + +```bash +{ + "version": "0.2.0", + "policy_module": "AudioPolicy_v1", + "description": "High-level binding configuration file", + "note": "Devices and routings are always listed in order of priority (for device selection rules)", + "hal_list": ["intel-minnow"], + "audio_roles": [ +``` + +Here you see "intel-minnow" but common values are: + +* Intel laptop -> intel-pc +* Intel via HDMI -> intel-minnow +* Renesas -> Rcar-M3 +* USB Audio Speaker -> usb-audio +* MOSTS Unicens -> hal-most-unicens + +More HAL can be found on Gerrit (search projects named as 4a-hal*) + +## Installing the Map for the Navigation Application + +While the Navigation App is installed with all other demo Apps at first boot, the Maps required to be installed manually. + +### a) Method 1 on target download + + 1. Install the new image on the target + 2. boot a first time to install the demo Apps + 3. via ssh or serial connection, execute the script + * /usr/AGL/apps/download_mapdata_uk.sh\ + or + * /usr/AGL/apps/download_mapdata_jp.sh + +### b) At image creation + +Download on your build machine the desired maps and uncompress them on your target image before 1st boot. +This method is quicker and does not require to have the network enabled on the target device. +Map can be found here. + +* <http://agl.wismobi.com/data/japan_TR9/navi_data.tar.gz> +* <http://agl.wismobi.com/data/UnitedKingdom_TR9/navi_data_UK.tar.gz> + +Once that you have built your image on the SD card, uncompress the desired map in on the SD card at the position /YourMountPoint/var/mapdata\ +(YourMountPoint will vary with your build system). + +You can also use the script from the image to install the Mapdata on your SD card but there is little adavange in using that method. e.g. + +* download_mapdata_jp.sh /YourMountPoint diff --git a/docs/platform/working-on-the-chinook-branch.md b/docs/platform/working-on-the-chinook-branch.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c211650 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/platform/working-on-the-chinook-branch.md @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +# Working on the chinook branch + +## Intro + +This is a quick howto for working on the 'Charming Chinook' branch. Working on the branch +is easy as we maintain all changes through gerrit.automotivelinux.org. +If you are unfamiliar with gerrit, please read these fine how-to pages were put together from the +Mediawiki community here: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Gerrit/Tutorial> . This covers the basics very well. Of course we'll work with gerrit.automotivelinux.org instead so apply likewise. + +## Installation of tools + +Install `git` with your distributions package manager. +A very useful tool is "git-review" (cmdline is then `git review`). +Install it from your distro or with `sudo pip install git-review`. + +## Prerequisites + +It is important to setup git and gerrit properly (see the Tutorial page mentioned above): + +* prereq #1) make sure git is properly setup with name/email +* prereq #2) make sure your ssh key is in gerrit.automotivelinux.org + +## Cloning, editing and submitting for review + +Follow these steps to submit a change to the 'Charming Chinook' branch: + +1. cloning the (tip of the) branch + + ```bash + repo init -b chinook -m default.xml -u https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/AGL/AGL-repo + repo sync + ``` + +1. Change the recipe in question (one change at a time - small is better) + + ```bash + vi recipe-foo/bar/baz.bb + ``` + +1. Do a a few builds and tests (try 2 architectures if possible) + + ```bash + source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh .... agl-all-features + bitbake agl-demo-platform + ``` + +1. once satisfied do commit your change as usual in git + Make sure to do a proper commit message: + <http://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/> + + ```bash + git commit -s + <enter proper commit message> + ``` + +1. All repos have .gitreview files already, so now it is just + + ```bash + git review + ``` + +1. (optional, but highly recommended!) Reset to gerrit/chinook + + ```bash + git checkout chinook` + git reset --hard gerrit/chinook + ``` + + It helps during the review process as gerrit would otherwise enforce + the whole series of patches to be reviewed/merged together (2nd depends on 1st patch). + +1. Rinse (=6) and repeat (=2-5) + +## Using git review to review/test-build a specific change in gerrit + +'git review' is also useful if you want to review a change. +Example for meta-agl: + +```bash + repo init -b chinook -m default.xml -u https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/AGL/AGL-repo + repo sync + cd meta-agl/ + git review -d 8105 +``` + +This will pull-down change 8105. Now we can build with it applied: + +```bash + cd .. + source ... + bitbake ... +``` + +## Using gerrit to amend a changeset while in review + +The same workflow applies if you want to _amend_ a changeset while it is in review (not merged, yet): + +```bash +cd meta-agl/ +git review -d 8105 +``` + +This will pull-down change 8105. You can now edit a file: + +```bash +vi recipes-foo/bar/baz.bb +git commit -s --amend +``` + + Don't forget a test build + +```bash +cd .. +source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh ..... agl-all-features +bitbake ... # e.g. agl-demo-platform +``` + + Finally call git review to upload the change + +```bash +git review +```
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/platform/working-on-the-master-branch.md b/docs/platform/working-on-the-master-branch.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31f0c04 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/platform/working-on-the-master-branch.md @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +# Working on the master branch + +## Intro + +This is a quick howto for working on the 'master' branch. Working on the branch +is easy as we maintain all changes through gerrit.automotivelinux.org. +If you are unfamiliar with gerrit, please read these fine how-to pages were put together from the +Mediawiki community here: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Gerrit/Tutorial> . This covers the basics very well. Of course we'll work with gerrit.automotivelinux.org instead so apply likewise. + +## Installation of tools + +Install `git` with your distributions package manager. +A very useful tool is "git-review" (cmdline is then `git review`). +Install it from your distro or with `sudo pip install git-review`. + +## Prerequisites + +It is important to setup git and gerrit properly (see the Tutorial page mentioned above): + +* prereq #1) make sure git is properly setup with name/email +* prereq #2) make sure your ssh key is in gerrit.automotivelinux.org + +## Cloning, editing and submitting for review + +Follow these steps to submit a change to the 'master' branch: + +1. cloning the (tip of the) branch + + ```bash + repo init -u https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/AGL/AGL-repo + repo sync + ``` + +1. Change the recipe in question (one change at a time - small is better) + + ```bash + vi meta-xyz/recipe-foo/bar/baz.bb + ``` + +1. Do a a few builds and tests (try 2 architectures if possible) + + ```bash + source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh .... agl-all-features + bitbake agl-demo-platform + ``` + +1. once satisfied do commit your change as usual in git + Make sure to do a proper commit message: + <http://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/> + + ```bash + git commit -s + <enter proper commit message> + ``` + +1. All repos have .gitreview files already, so now it is just + + ```bash + git review + ``` + +1. (optional, but highly recommended!) Reset to gerrit/master + + ```bash + git checkout master + git reset --hard gerrit/master + ``` + + It helps during the review process as gerrit would otherwise enforce + the whole series of patches to be reviewed/merged together (2nd depends on 1st patch). + +1. Rinse (=6) and repeat (=2-5) + +## Using git review to review/test-build a specific change in gerrit + +'git review' is also useful if you want to review a change. +Example for meta-agl: + +```bash + repo init -u https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/AGL/AGL-repo + repo sync + cd meta-agl/ + git review -d 8233 +``` + +This will pull-down change 8233. Now we can build with it applied: + +```bash + cd .. + source ... + bitbake ... +``` + +## Using gerrit to amend a changeset while in review + +The same workflow applies if you want to _amend_ a changeset while it is in review (not merged, yet): + +```bash +cd meta-agl/ +git review -d 8233 +``` + +This will pull-down change 8233. You can now edit a file: + +```bash +vi meta-xyz/recipes-foo/bar/baz.bb +git commit -s --amend +``` + + Don't forget a test build + +```bash +cd .. +source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh ..... agl-all-features +bitbake ... # e.g. agl-demo-platform +``` + + Finally call git review to upload the change + +```bash +git review +```
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/README.md b/docs/security-blueprint/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3cf24c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +# Introduction + +Modern cars have become a lot more technologically sophisticated and different than those of the past. We are seeing a wider range of new features and functionality, with a lot more complex software. It is fair to say that the cars being introduced to the market today have much more in common with computing devices like cell phones, than their predecessors did. Modern car manufacturers are also integrating support for a broad range of communication technologies for these “connected” cars. With the advent of such vehicles, Linux has become a natural choice for the software platform, with Automotive Grade Linux as a promising example. + +From a security point of view, the remote capabilities of a connected car results in a much larger attack surface. This opens a whole new world of security vulnerabilities that need to be considered during the architectural design. History shows that physical access to a device is sufficient for a hacker to gain root privileges. This makes the car a hostile environment. + +The Security Blueprint documents the security features that are included as part of Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) and identifies areas that need to be addressed from a security perspective as part of AGL. It also gives guidance around existing technologies and solutions. + +Security domains will allow us to create a set of tests verifying the security of Automotive Grade Linux. + +This document is firstly based on an existing AGL security-blueprint. + +**For security to be effective, the concepts must be simple. And by default, anything that is not allowed is forbidden.** + +We will cover topics starting from the lowest level (_Hardware_) up to the highest levels (_Connectivity_ and _Application_). We will move quickly on _Hardware_ and _Connectivity_ because this is not supported at our level. Solutions of connectivity problems concern updates and secured settings while hardware securing is related to the manufacturers. + +The document is filled with tags to easily identify important points: + +<!-- section-config --> + +- The _config_ tag quickly identifies the configurations and the recommendations to take. + +<!-- end-section-config --><!-- section-note --> + +- The _note_ tag allows you to notify some additional details. + +<!-- end-section-note --><!-- section-todo --> + +- The _todo_ tag shows the possible improvements. + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +In annexes of this document, you can find all the _config_ and _todo_ notes. + +## Adversaries + +Adversaries and attackers within the Automotive space. + +- Enthusiast Attackers + +Enthusiast attackers have physical access to the Engine Control Units (ECUs) at the circuit board level. They can solder ‘mod chips’ onto the board and have access to probing tools. They also have information on ECUs that have been previously compromised and have access to softwares and instructions developed by other members of car modification forums. The goal of the enthusiast hacker could be, but is not limited to, adding extra horse power to the car or hacking it just for fun. + +- Corrupt Automotive Dealers + +Corrupt automotive dealers are attackers that have access to the same capabilities as enthusiasts, but also have access to the car manufacturer’s (OEM) dealer network. They may also have access to standard debugging tools provided by the car manufacturer. Their goal may be to support local car theft gangs or organized criminals. + +- Organized Criminals + +Organized criminals have access to all of the above tools but may also have some level of control over the internal network at many dealerships. They may have hacked and gained temporary control of the Over-The-Air (OTA) servers or the In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) systems. This is very much like the role of organized criminals in other industries such as paid media today. Their goal is to extort money from OEMs and/or governments by threatening to disable multiple vehicles. + +- Malware Developers + +Malware developers have developed malicious software to attack and compromise a large number of vehicles. The malicious software is usually designed to spread from one vehicle to another. Usually, the goal is to take control of multiple machines and then sell access to them for malicious purposes like denial-of-service (DoS) attacks or theft of private information and data. + +- Security Researchers + +Security researchers are ‘self-publicized’ security consultants trying to make a name for themselves. They have access to standard tools for software security analysis. They also have physical access to the vehicle and standard hardware debugging tools (Logic Analyzers, Oscilloscopes, etc). Their goal is to publicize attacks for personal gain or just to gain personal understanding with a sense of helping make things more secure. + +## Attack Goals + +In today’s connected vehicle, more and more functionality is moving to software control, meaning that the threat of attack becomes greater and greater. We see car features like navigation and summoning, car access/engine start, and motor/ECU upgrades all controlled through software and connections to the cloud. The risk of attack is high because there are high value targets in play. + +Here, we outline some of the major threats categories along with some sample attackers, example attacks, and a relative importance. These threat categories are intended to be general examples. There can be many nuances to threat types. Additionally, there can be many sub-attacks that eventually lead to these higher level attack goals. + +| Threat Category | Sample Attacker | Example Attacks | Relative Importance | +|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| Vehicle theft | Individual, organized criminals | Send the car to an unplanned destination, get a key for the car, gain control of the unlock mechanism | Reduced likelihood of future vehicle purchases (Profit Later), bad press (Brand Integrity) | +| Reduced vehicle functionality | Terrorist groups, disgruntled employees | Lock the driver out of the car, cause the car to crash, block access to infotainment system | Inability sell paid-for apps and content (Profit Now), bad press (Brand Integrity), possible loss of life (Physical Injury) | +| Vehicle hacking | Vehicle owner, competitor | Get content without paying, modify DRM licenses, unlock of after-market features, theft of IP | Loss of sales for content and features (Profit Now), lawsuits from content owners (Profit Later), loss of competitive advantage (Profit Later) | +| Sensitive asset theft | Organized criminals, blackmailers | Steal credit card numbers, health information, camera data, steal bandwidth | Bad press (Brand Integrity), lawsuits from vehicle owners (Profit Later) | + +The Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) initiative builds upon open-source software including Linux and Tizen to offer a flexible application framework. However, the security provisions of the app framework, Cynara, and the security manager only go so far in keeping the biggest threats at bay. As experience has shown, providing a constrained app (like that in the Android Open Source Platform) and store development flow, signature verification, DAC sandboxing, and MAC (SMACK) controls over the platform can have a certain amount of success with the security of the system. However, the openness of the system invites many researchers, hobbyists and hackers and financially motivated attackers to compromise the system for their own gains. + +As AGL arrives on modern automobiles, this is inevitably inviting many capable actors to modify, attack, and compromise these well thought-out systems and their applications. With concerns like safety and security, the auto industry cannot afford to go the way of consumer devices like phones and tablets where security problems are encountered on a frequent basis. It is imperative to use a layered approach and defense-in-depth to protect the system from inevitable attack. + +## Assets and Security Categorization + +This section outlines some of the assets that are likely to be found in the vehicle and their relative sensitivity from an attack point of view. Additionally, the final column on the right lists some of the recommended protection types that can be applied to these types of assets (Note that the empty cells refer to the cells above them). A good protection approach will give priority to the most sensitive assets, using a defense-in-depth approach to cover these assets. Less sensitive assets are treated at a lower priority, typically protected with fewer protection techniques. A more fine-grained prioritization of the the assets in a concrete vehicle network can be achieved with detailed threat analysis which considers the topology of the vehicle network and access-controls that are in-place. e.g. the EVITA framework for attack trees. + +| Asset Category | Examples | Sensitivity | Recommended Protection Types | +|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| Software | ECU software, infotainment software, OS images | Critical | Key Management, Mutual Asymmetric Authentication, HSM and WhiteBox Encryption, Message Integrity Checks, Hardening/SW Protection, Program Transforms/ Obfuscation, Integrity Verification, Secure OS | +| Car Access | Biometric data, car keys | | | +| Payment Data | Credit cards, User profile critical data | | | +| Recordings | Internal camera recording, internal audio recording, external camera recording | High | Encryption, Message Integrity Checks, Hardening/SW Protection, Program Transforms / Obfuscation | +| User Profile | Usernames and passwords, customization, calendar, contacts | | | +| Location | GPS coordinates, vehicle usage data | | | +| Purchased Content | Video, audio, licenses | | | +| Teleconference | Chat, audio, video | Medium | SW Protection, Program Transforms / Obfuscation, Authenticated encryption for transmission | +| Vehicle data | Vehicle info, sensor data | | | +| Navigation data | Static and dynamic maps | | | +| 3rd party data | Home automation commands, cloud game data | | | + +## Hardening term + +The term Hardening refers to the tools, techniques and processes required in order to reduce the attack surface on an embedded system, such as an embedded control unit (**ECU**) or other managed devices. The target for all hardening activities is to prevent the execution of invalid binaries on the device, and to prevent copying of security related data from the device. + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## AGL security overview + +AGL roots are based on security concepts. Those concepts are implemented by the security framework as shown in this picture: + + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Acronyms and Abbreviations + +The following table lists the strongest terms utilized within all this document. + +| Acronyms or Abbreviations | Description | +|---------------------------|-------------------------------------| +| _AGL_ | **A**utomotive **G**rade **L**inux | +| _ECU_ | **E**lectronic **C**ontrol **U**nit | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +# References + +- [security-blueprint](http://docs.automotivelinux.org/docs/architecture/en/dev/reference/security/01-overview.html). + - _http:// docs.automotivelinux.org/docs/architecture/en/dev/reference/security/01-overview.html_ +- **[2017]** - [kernel security](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/security/). + - _https:// www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/security/_ +- **[2017]** - [Systemd integration and user management](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2017/AMM-Dresden/AGL-systemd.pdf). + - _http:// iot.bzh/download/public/2017/AMM-Dresden/AGL-systemd.pdf_ +- **[2017]** - [AGL - Application Framework Documentation](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2017/SDK/AppFw-Documentation-v3.1.pdf). + - _http:// iot.bzh/download/public/2017/SDK/AppFw-Documentation-v3.1.pdf_ +- **[2017]** - [Improving Vehicle Cybersecurity](https://access.atis.org/apps/group_public/download.php/35648/ATIS-I-0000059.pdf). + - _https:// access.atis.org/apps/group_public/download.php/35648/ATIS-I-0000059.pdf_ +- **[2016]** - [AGL framework overview](http://docs.automotivelinux.org/docs/apis_services/en/dev/reference/af-main/0-introduction.html). + - _http:// docs.automotivelinux.org/docs/apis_services/en/dev/reference/af-main/0-introduction.html_ +- **[2016]** - [SecureBoot-SecureSoftwareUpdates](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/publications/SecureBoot-SecureSoftwareUpdates.pdf). + - _http:// iot.bzh/download/public/2016/publications/SecureBoot-SecureSoftwareUpdates.pdf_ +- **[2016]** - [Linux Automotive Security](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/security/Linux-Automotive-Security-v10.pdf). + - _http:// iot.bzh/download/public/2016/security/Linux-Automotive-Security-v10.pdf_ +- **[2016]** - [Automotive Security Best Practices](https://www.mcafee.com/it/resources/white-papers/wp-automotive-security.pdf). + - _https:// www.mcafee.com/it/resources/white-papers/wp-automotive-security.pdf_ +- **[2016]** - [Gattacking Bluetooth Smart Devices](http://gattack.io/whitepaper.pdf). + - _http:// gattack.io/whitepaper.pdf_ +- **[2015]** - [Comprehensive Experimental Analysis of Automotive Attack Surfaces](http://www.cs.wayne.edu/fengwei/15fa-csc6991/slides/8-CarHackingUsenixSecurity.pdf). + - _http:// www.cs.wayne.edu/fengwei/15fa-csc6991/slides/8-CarHackingUsenixSecurity.pdf_ +- **[2015]** - [Security in Automotive Bus Systems](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.92.728&rep=rep1&type=pdf). + - _http:// citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.92.728&rep=rep1&type=pdf_ +- **[2014]** - [IOActive Remote Attack Surface](https://www.ioactive.com/pdfs/IOActive_Remote_Attack_Surfaces.pdf). + - _https:// www.ioactive.com/pdfs/IOActive_Remote_Attack_Surfaces.pdf_ +- **[2011]** - [A practical attack against GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/HSPA mobile data communications](https://media.blackhat.com/bh-dc-11/Perez-Pico/BlackHat_DC_2011_Perez-Pico_Mobile_Attacks-wp.pdf). + - _https:// media.blackhat.com/bh-dc-11/Perez-Pico/BlackHat_DC_2011_Perez-Pico_Mobile_Attacks-wp.pdf_ +- **[2011]** - [Comprehensive Experimental Analyses of Automotive Attack Surfaces](http://www.autosec.org/pubs/cars-usenixsec2011.pdf). + - _http:// www.autosec.org/pubs/cars-usenixsec2011.pdf_ +- **[2010]** - [Relay Attacks on Passive Keyless Entry and Start Systems in Modern Cars](https://eprint.iacr.org/2010/332.pdf). + - _https:// eprint.iacr.org/2010/332.pdf_ +- **[2010]** - [Wifi attacks wep wpa](https://matthieu.io/dl/wifi-attacks-wep-wpa.pdf). + - _https:// matthieu.io/dl/wifi-attacks-wep-wpa.pdf_ +- **[2008]** - [SMACK](http://schaufler-ca.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/SmackWhitePaper.257153003.pdf). + - _http:// schaufler-ca.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/SmackWhitePaper.257153003.pdf_ diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/WhiteBoxArchi.png b/docs/security-blueprint/WhiteBoxArchi.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d984d1a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/WhiteBoxArchi.png diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/annexes/0_Abstract.md b/docs/security-blueprint/annexes/0_Abstract.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9db5fee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/annexes/0_Abstract.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Annexes + +The first part resumed all the configurations you must implement without any +explications since all the explanations are given as and when in the document. + +The second one allows to visualize all the todo notes in order to have a global +vision of the possible improvements of the document. diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/annexes/ConfigNotes.md b/docs/security-blueprint/annexes/ConfigNotes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3770fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/annexes/ConfigNotes.md @@ -0,0 +1,485 @@ +# Config notes +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +-------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------- +Hardware-Integrity-1 | Bootloader | Must control bootloader integrity. +Hardware-Integrity-2 | Board | Must use a HSM. +Hardware-Integrity-3 | RTC | Must not be alterable. + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +---------------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Hardware-Certificate-1 | System | Shall allow storing dedicated certificates. +Hardware-Certificate-2 | ECU | The ECU must verify the certification authority hierarchy. +Hardware-Certificate-3 | System | Allow the modification of certificates only if the source can be authenticated by a certificate already stored or in the higher levels of the chain of trust. + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +----------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Hardware-Memory-1 | ECU | The ECU shall never expose the unencrypted key in RAM when using cryptographic keys. +Hardware-Memory-2 | Bootloader | Internal NVM only +Hardware-Module-3 | - | HSM must be used to secure keys. + +Domain | _Variable_ / `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | -------------------------- | ------- +Boot-Image-Selection-1 | `CONFIG_BOOTDELAY` | `-2` +Boot-Image-Selection-2 | _bootdelay_ | `-2` + +Domain | `Config` name | _State_ +------------------------- | ---------------------------- | -------- +Boot-Image-Authenticity-1 | `CONFIG_FIT` | _Enable_ +Boot-Image-Authenticity-2 | `CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE` | _Enable_ +Boot-Image-Authenticity-3 | `CONFIG_RSA` | _Enable_ +Boot-Image-Authenticity-4 | `CONFIG_OF_CONTROL` | _Enable_ +Boot-Image-Authenticity-5 | `CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE` | _Enable_ +Boot-Image-Authenticity-6 | `CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE` | _Enable_ + +Domain | Communication modes | _State_ +-------------------- | ------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Boot-Communication-1 | `USB` | _Disabled_ and _Compiled-out_ if not required. +Boot-Communication-2 | `USB` | Else, Kernel should be configured to only enable the minimum required USB devices and filesystems should be treated with special care. +Boot-Communication-3 | `Ethernet` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Communication-4 | U-boot and sboot `DOCSIS` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Communication-5 | `Serial ports` | _Disabled_ + +Domain | `Config` name | _State_ +------------------------ | ----------------------- | ------------- +Boot-Communication-USB-1 | `CONFIG_CMD_USB` | _Not defined_ +Boot-Communication-USB-2 | `CONFIG_USB_UHCI` | _Not defined_ +Boot-Communication-USB-3 | `CONFIG_USB_KEYBOARD` | _Not defined_ +Boot-Communication-USB-4 | `CONFIG_USB_STORAGE` | _Not defined_ +Boot-Communication-USB-5 | `CONFIG_USB_HOST_ETHER` | _Not defined_ + +Domain | Communication modes | _State_ +-------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Boot-Communication-1 | `Network interfaces` | Preferably _no network interface is allowed_, otherwise, restrict the services to those used. + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +-------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- +Boot-Communication-1 | `Services`, `ports` and `devices` | Restrict the `services`, `ports` and `devices` to those used. + +Domain | `Command` name | _State_ +-------------------------- | -------------- | --------- +Boot-Communication-Flash-1 | `do_nand` | _Disable_ + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------- +Boot-Consoles-Serial-1 | `CONFIG_SILENT_CONSOLE` | `Disable` +Boot-Consoles-Serial-2 | `CONFIG_SYS_DEVICE_NULLDEV` | `Disable` +Boot-Consoles-Serial-3 | `CONFIG_SILENT_CONSOLE_UPDATE_ON_RELOC` | `Disable` + +Domain | `Environment variable` name | _State_ +---------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------- +Boot-Consoles-Serial-1 | `INC_DEBUG_PRINT` | _Not defined_ + +Domain | `Config` name | _State_ +-------------------------- | ---------------------------- | --------- +Boot-Consoles-Variables-1 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_MMC` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-2 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_EEPROM` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-3 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-4 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_DATAFLASH` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-5 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FAT` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-6 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-7 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NVRAM` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-8 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_ONENAND` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-9 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_SPI_FLASH` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-10 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_REMOTE` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-11 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_UBI` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-12 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_NOWHERE` | `#define` + +Domain | `Command` name | _State_ +----------------------- | -------------- | ---------- +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-1 | `md` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-2 | `mm` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-3 | `nm` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-4 | `mw` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-5 | `cp` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-6 | `mwc` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-7 | `mdc` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-8 | `mtest` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-9 | `loopw` | _Disabled_ + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +-------------------- | -------------- | -------------------------------------- +Kernel-General-MAC-1 | CONFIG_IP_NF_SECURITY | m +Kernel-General-MAC-2 | CONFIG_IP6_NF_SECURITY | m +Kernel-General-MAC-3 | CONFIG_EXT2_FS_SECURITY | y +Kernel-General-MAC-4 | CONFIG_EXT3_FS_SECURITY | y +Kernel-General-MAC-5 | CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY | y +Kernel-General-MAC-6 | CONFIG_SECURITY | y +Kernel-General-MAC-7 | CONFIG_SECURITY_SMACK | y +Kernel-General-MAC-8 | CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR | y + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | -------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-kexec-1 | `CONFIG_KEXEC` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +--------------------------- | --------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-IPAutoConf-1 | `CONFIG_IP_PNP` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-SysCtl_SysCall-1 | `CONFIG_SYSCTL_SYSCALL` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------------- | --------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-LegacyLinux-1 | `CONFIG_USELIB` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +--------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------- +Kernel-General-FirmHelper-1 | `CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-PanicOnOOPS-1 | `CONFIG_PANIC_ON_OOPS` | `y` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +-------------------------- | -------------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-SocketMon-1 | `CONFIG_PACKET_DIAG` | `n` +Kernel-General-SocketMon-2 | `CONFIG_UNIX_DIAG` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ---------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-BPF_JIT-1 | `CONFIG_BPF_JIT` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | ------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-ModuleSigning-1 | `CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE` | `y` + +Domain | `Variable` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | ------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-ModuleSigning-2 | `kernel.modules_disabled` | `1` + +Domain | Object | _State_ +------------------------ | ------------------- | ---------- +Kernel-General-Drivers-1 | `USB` | _Disabled_ +Kernel-General-Drivers-2 | `PCMCIA` | _Disabled_ +Kernel-General-Drivers-3 | Other `hotplug` bus | _Disabled_ + +Domain | `compiler` and `linker` options | _State_ +-------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------- +Kernel-General-IndependentExec-1 | `-pie -fpic` | _Enable_ + +Domain | `compiler` and `linker` options | _State_ +--------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------- +Kernel-General-OverwriteAttacks-1 | `-z,relro` | _Enable_ +Kernel-General-OverwriteAttacks-2 | `-z,now` | _Enable_ + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +------------------------------- | --------------- | -------------------------------- +Kernel-General-LibraryLinking-1 | Dynamic linking | Should generally not be allowed. + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | ---------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-RestrictAccess-1 | `CONFIG_DEVKMEM` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-CoreDump-1 | `CONFIG_PROC_KCORE` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +-------------------- | ------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-Swap-1 | `CONFIG_SWAP` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | --------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-LoadAllSymbols-1 | `CONFIG_KALLSYMS` | `n` +Kernel-Memory-LoadAllSymbols-2 | `CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +--------------------- | -------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-Stack-1 | `CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR` | `y` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | --------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-Access-1 | `CONFIG_DEVMEM` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | --------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-CrossMemAttach-1 | `CROSS_MEMORY_ATTACH` | `n` + +Domain | `compiler` and `linker` options | _State_ +----------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------- +Kernel-Memory-StackSmashing-1 | `-fstack-protector-all` | _Enable_ + +Domain | `compiler` options and `config` name | `Value` +------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | ------- +Kernel-Memory-BufferOverflows-1 | `-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE` | `2` +Kernel-Memory-BufferOverflows-2 | `CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE` | `y` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Consoles-Serial-1 | `CONFIG_SERIAL_8250` | `n` +Kernel-Consoles-Serial-2 | `CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_CONSOLE` | `n` +Kernel-Consoles-Serial-3 | `CONFIG_SERIAL_CORE` | `n` +Kernel-Consoles-Serial-4 | `CONFIG_SERIAL_CORE_CONSOLE` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +----------------------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------------------------- +Kernel-Consoles-CommandLine-1 | `CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL` | `y` +Kernel-Consoles-CommandLine-2 | `CONFIG_CMDLINE` | `"insert kernel command line here"` +Kernel-Consoles-CommandLine-3 | `CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE` | `y` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | ------------- | ------- +Kernel-Consoles-KDBG-1 | `CONFIG_KGDB` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +----------------------- | -------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Consoles-SysRQ-1 | `CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | -------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Consoles-BinaryFormat-1 | `CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | ------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Symbols-1 | `CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | ---------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Kprobes-1 | `CONFIG_KPROBES` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | --------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Tracing-1 | `CONFIG_FTRACE` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ------------------ | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Profiling-1 | `CONFIG_OPROFILE` | `n` +Kernel-Debug-Profiling-2 | `CONFIG_PROFILING` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-OOPSOnBUG-1 | `CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------ | --------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Dev-1 | `CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL` | `n` +Kernel-Debug-Dev-2 | `CONFIG_EMBEDDED` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------- | ----------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-FileSystem-1 | `CONFIG_DEBUG_FS` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------ | ------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-BUG-1 | `CONFIG_BUG` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ----------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-CoreDumps-1 | `CONFIG_COREDUMP` | `n` + +Domain | `File` name | `Value` +---------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-AdressDisplay-1 | `/proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict` | `1` + +Domain | `File` or `Directorie` name | _State_ +---------------------------- | --------------------------- | ----------------------------- +Kernel-Debug-AdressDisplay-1 | `/boot/vmlinuz*` | _Readable Only for root user_ +Kernel-Debug-AdressDisplay-2 | `/boot/System.map*` | _Readable Only for root user_ +Kernel-Debug-AdressDisplay-3 | `/sys/kernel/debug/` | _Readable Only for root user_ +Kernel-Debug-AdressDisplay-4 | `/proc/slabinfo` | _Readable Only for root user_ + +Domain | `File` name | `Value` +-------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-DMESG-1 | `/proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict` | `1` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +--------------------- | ----------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Config-1 | `CONFIG_IKCONFIG` | `n` + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | --------------- | ------- +Kernel-FileSystems-NFS-1 | `CONFIG_NFSD` | `n` +Kernel-FileSystems-NFS-2 | `CONFIG_NFS_FS` | `n` + +Domain | `Partition` | `Value` +-------------------------- | ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-1 | `/boot` | `nosuid`, `nodev` and `noexec`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-2 | `/var` & `/tmp` | In `/etc/fstab` or `vfstab`, add `nosuid`, `nodev` and `noexec`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-3 | _Non-root local_ | If type is `ext2` or `ext3` and mount point not '/', add `nodev`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-4 | _Removable storage_ | Add `nosuid`, `nodev` and `noexec`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-5 | _Temporary storage_ | Add `nosuid`, `nodev` and `noexec`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-6 | `/dev/shm` | Add `nosuid`, `nodev` and `noexec`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-7 | `/dev` | Add `nosuid` and `noexec`. + +Domain | `Config` name | _State_ or `Value` +-------------------------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-1 | `CONFIG_DEVTMPFS_MOUNT` | _Disabled_ or add remount with `noexec` and `nosuid` to system startup. + +Domain | `Label` name | Recommendations +------------------ | ------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------- +Kernel-MAC-Floor-1 | `^` | Only for privileged system services. +Kernel-MAC-Floor-2 | `*` | Used for device files or `/tmp` Access restriction via DAC. + +Domain | `Label` name | Recommendations +------------------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Kernel-MAC-System-1 | `System` | Process should write only to file with transmute attribute. +Kernel-MAC-System-2 | `System::run` | Files are created with the directory label from user and system domain (transmute) Lock is implicit with `w`. +Kernel-MAC-System-3 | `System::Shared` | Files are created with the directory label from system domain (transmute) User domain has locked privilege. +Kernel-MAC-System-4 | `System::Log` | Some limitation may impose to add `w` to enable append. +Kernel-MAC-System-5 | `System::Sub` | Isolation of risky Subsystem. + +Domain | `Label` name | Recommendations +------------------- | ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Kernel-MAC-System-1 | `User::Pkg::$AppID` | Only one Label is allowed per App. A data directory is created by the AppFw in `rwx` mode. +Kernel-MAC-System-2 | `User::Home` | AppFw needs to create a directory in `/home/$USER/App-Shared` at first launch if not present with label app-data access is `User::App-Shared` without transmute. +Kernel-MAC-System-3 | `User::App-Shared` | Shared space between all App running for a given user. + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +------------------ | -------------- | ------------------------------------ +Platform-SystemD-1 | Security model | Use Namespaces for containerization. +Platform-SystemD-2 | Security model | Use CGroups to organise processes. + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +--------------- | -------------- | ------------------------------------ +Platform-DBus-1 | Security model | Use D-Bus as IPC. +Platform-DBus-2 | Security model | Apply D-BUS security patches: [D-Bus CVE](https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list/vendor_id-13442/D-bus-Project.html) + +Domain | `Tool` name | _State_ +-------------------- | ----------- | ------- +Platform-Utilities-1 | `connman` | _Used_ as a connection manager. +Platform-Utilities-2 | `bluez` | _Used_ as a Bluetooth manager. +Platform-Utilities-3 | `gstreamer` | _Used_ to manage multimedia file format. +Platform-Utilities-4 | `alsa` | _Used_ to provides an API for sound card device drivers. + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +---------------------- | -------------- | -------------------------------- +Platform-AGLFw-AppFw-1 | Security model | Use the AppFw as Security model. + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +----------------------- | ----------- | ------------------------------------- +Platform-AGLFw-Cynara-1 | Permissions | Use Cynara as policy-checker service. + +Domain | `Tool` name | _State_ +-------------------- | ----------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +Platform-Utilities-1 | `busybox` | _Used_ to provide a number of tools. Do not compile development tools. + +Domain | `Utility` name and normal `path` | _State_ +--------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------- +Platform-Utilities-1 | `chgrp` in `/bin/chgrp` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-2 | `chmod` in `/bin/chmod` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-3 | `chown` in `/bin/chown` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-4 | `dmesg` in `/bin/dmesg` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-5 | `Dnsdomainname` in `/bin/dnsdomainname` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-6 | `dropbear`, Remove "dropbear" from `/etc/init.d/rcs` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-7 | `Editors` in (vi) `/bin/vi` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-8 | `find` in `/bin/find` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-9 | `gdbserver` in `/bin/gdbserver` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-10 | `hexdump` in `/bin/hexdump` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-11 | `hostname` in `/bin/hostname` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-12 | `install` in `/bin/install` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-13 | `iostat` in `/bin/iostat` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-14 | `killall` in `/bin/killall` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-15 | `klogd` in `/sbin/klogd` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-16 | `logger` in `/bin/logger` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-17 | `lsmod` in `/sbin/lsmod` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-18 | `pmap` in `/bin/pmap` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-19 | `ps` in `/bin/ps` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-20 | `ps` in `/bin/ps` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-21 | `rpm` in `/bin/rpm` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-22 | `SSH` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-23 | `stbhotplug` in `/sbin/stbhotplug` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-24 | `strace` in `/bin/trace` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-25 | `su` in `/bin/su` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-26 | `syslogd` in (logger) `/bin/logger` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-27 | `top` in `/bin/top` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-28 | `UART` in `/proc/tty/driver/` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-29 | `which` in `/bin/which` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-30 | `who` and `whoami` in `/bin/whoami` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-31 | `awk` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-32 | `cut` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-33 | `df` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-34 | `echo` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-35 | `fdisk` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-36 | `grep` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-37 | `mkdir` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-38 | `mount` (vfat) (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-39 | `printf` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-40 | `sed` in `/bin/sed` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-41 | `tail` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-42 | `tee` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-43 | `test` (busybox) | _Enabled_ + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +--------------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- +Platform-Users-root-1 | Main application | Should not execute as root. +Platform-Users-root-2 | UI | Should run in a context on a user with no capability. + +Domain | `Utility` name | _State_ +--------------------- | -------------- | ------------- +Platform-Users-root-3 | `login` | _Not allowed_ +Platform-Users-root-4 | `su` | _Not allowed_ +Platform-Users-root-5 | `ssh` | _Not allowed_ +Platform-Users-root-6 | `scp` | _Not allowed_ +Platform-Users-root-7 | `sftp` | _Not allowed_ + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +-------------------------- | --------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- +Application-Installation-1 | AppFw | Provide offline-mode in order to install app with the base image. +Application-Installation-2 | Integrity | Allow the installation of applications only if their integrity is good. + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +---------------------------------- | --------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Connectivity-BusAndConnector-Bus-1 | CAN | Implement hardware solution in order to prohibit sending unwanted signals. + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +----------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +Connectivity-BusAndConnector-Connectors-1 | USB | Must be disabled. If not, only enable the minimum require USB devices. +Connectivity-BusAndConnector-Connectors-2 | USB | Confidential data exchanged with the ECU over USB must be secure. +Connectivity-BusAndConnector-Connectors-3 | USB | USB Boot on a ECU must be disable. +Connectivity-BusAndConnector-Connectors-4 | OBD-II | Must be disabled outside garages. + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +----------------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------ +Connectivity-Wireless-1 | Update | Always follow the latest updates of remote communication channels. + +Domain | Tech name or object | Recommendations +---------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Connectivity-Wireless-Wifi-1 | WEP, PSK, TKIP | Disabled +Connectivity-Wireless-Wifi-2 | WPA2 and AES-CCMP | Used +Connectivity-Wireless-Wifi-3 | WPA2 | Should protect data sniffing. +Connectivity-Wireless-Wifi-4 | PSK | Changing regularly the password. +Connectivity-Wireless-Wifi-5 | Device | Upgraded easily in software or firmware to have the last security update. + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +--------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ +Connectivity-Wireless-Bluetooth-1 | BLE | Use with caution. +Connectivity-Wireless-Bluetooth-2 | Bluetooth | Monitoring +Connectivity-Wireless-Bluetooth-3 | SSP | Avoid using the "Just Works" association model. +Connectivity-Wireless-Bluetooth-4 | Visibility | Configured by default as undiscoverable. Except when needed. +Connectivity-Wireless-Bluetooth-5 | Anti-scanning | Used, inter alia, to slow down brute force attacks. + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +-------------------------------- | --------- | -------------------------- +Connectivity-Wireless-Cellular-1 | GPRS/EDGE | Avoid +Connectivity-Wireless-Cellular-2 | UMTS/HSPA | Protected against Jamming. + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +----------------------------- | --------- | -------------------------------------------- +Connectivity-Wireless-Radio-1 | RDS | Only audio output and meta concerning radio. + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +--------------------------- | --------- | ------------------------------------------------------ +Connectivity-Wireless-NFC-1 | NFC | Protected against relay and replay attacks. +Connectivity-Wireless-NFC-2 | Device | Disable unneeded and unapproved services and profiles. + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +---------------------------- | -------------- | -------------------------------------- +Application-Cloud-Download-1 | authentication | Must implement authentication process. +Application-Cloud-Download-2 | Authorization | Must implement Authorization process. + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +---------------------------------- | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- +Application-Cloud-Infrastructure-1 | Packet | Should implement a DPI. +Application-Cloud-Infrastructure-2 | DoS | Must implement a DoS protection. +Application-Cloud-Infrastructure-3 | Test | Should implement scanning tools like SATS and DAST. +Application-Cloud-Infrastructure-4 | Log | Should implement security tools (IDS and IPS). +Application-Cloud-Infrastructure-5 | App integrity | Applications must be signed by the code signing authority. + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +----------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- +Application-Cloud-Transport-1 | Integrity, confidentiality and legitimacy | Should implement IPSec standards. + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/annexes/todoNotes.md b/docs/security-blueprint/annexes/todoNotes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1d4b6f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/annexes/todoNotes.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Todo notes +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +--------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- +Boot-Abstract-1 | More generic and add examples (The chain of trust). + +Domain | Improvement +--------------- | ------------------------------------------- +Boot-Abstract-1 | Review the definition of the "boot loader". + +Domain | Improvement +--------------- | ------------------------------------ +Boot-Consoles-1 | Secure loader: No reference earlier? + +Domain | Improvement +--------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Hypervisor-Abstract-1 | Complete Hypervisor part ([jailhouse](https://github.com/siemens/jailhouse) / [KVM](https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page) / [Xen](https://www.xenproject.org/developers/teams/embedded-and-automotive.html)). + +Domain | Improvement +-------------------------------- | ----------------------------- +Kernel-General-IndependentExec-1 | Kernel or/and platform part ? + +Domain | Improvement +------------------------------- | --------------- +Kernel-General-LibraryLinking-1 | Keep this part? + +Domain | Improvement +------------------- | -------------------------------- +Platform-Abstract-1 | Create a graphics and sound part. + +Domain | Improvement +------------------- | ----------- +Platform-Services-1 | SystemD ? +Platform-Services-2 | Secure daemon ? + +Domain | Improvement +----------------------------- | ------------------------ +Platform-Users-Capabilities-1 | Kernel or Platform-user? +Platform-Users-Capabilities-2 | Add config note. + +Domain | Improvement +-------------------------- | ------------------------------ +Application-Installation-1 | Talk about AppFw offline mode. + +Domain | Improvement +----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- +Application-Signature-1 | Add content (see secure build in Secure development part). + +Domain | Improvement +---------------------- | ------------ +Application-Services-1 | Add content (Which services?). +Application-Services-2 | Add Binder. + +Domain | Improvement +----------------------- | ----------------- +Connectivity-Abstract-1 | Improve abstract. + +Domain | Improvement +----------------------- | ------------------------------------------- +Connectivity-Wireless-1 | Add communication channels (RFID, ZigBee?). + +Domain | Improvement +------------- | ----------------- +Update-SOTA-1 | Part to complete. + +Domain | Improvement +----------------------- | ------------ +SecureDev-SecureBuild-1 | Add content. + +Domain | Improvement +---------------------- | ------------ +SecureDev-Signatures-1 | Add content. + +Domain | Improvement +--------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- +SecureDev-CodeAudit-1 | Add CVE analyser. +SecureDev-CodeAudit-2 | [OSSTMM](http://www.isecom.org/mirror/OSSTMM.3.pdf). + +<!-- end-section-todo --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/index.md b/docs/security-blueprint/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ca88b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +--- + +title : security-blueprint +date : 2017-12-07 +version : 4.99.4 +category: security +tags: security, architecture, automotive, linux +layout: techdoc + +--- + +## [Intro](./intro.html) +## [Hardware](./part-1/0_Abstract.html) +## [Secure Boot](./part-2/0_Abstract.html) +## [Hypervisor](./part-3/0_Abstract.html) +## [Kernel](./part-4/0_Abstract.html) +## [Platform](./part-5/0_Abstract.html) +## [Application](./part-6/0_Abstract.html) +## [Connectivity](./part-7/0_Abstract.html) +## [Update (OTA)](./part-8/0_Abstract.html) +## [Secure development](./part-9/0_Abstract.html) +## [Annexes](./annexes/0_Abstract.html) diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-1/0_Abstract.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-1/0_Abstract.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e13c464 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-1/0_Abstract.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +# Part 1 - Hardware + +## Abstract + +The Automotive Grade Linux platform is a Linux distribution with **AGL** compliant applications and services. +The platform includes the following hardware: + +- SoC (System-on-Chip). +- Memory (RAM, ROM, storage, etc.). +- Peripherals. + +You will find in this first part everything that concerns the hardware security. +The goal is to protect system against all attacks that are trying to gain +additional privileges by recovering and/or changing cryptographic keys in order +to alter the integrity of the boot. We should also prevent hardware modifications +in order to achieve this goal. We will expose below some examples of possible +configurations. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Acronyms and Abbreviations + +The following table lists the terms utilized within this part of the document. + +Acronyms or Abbreviations | Description +------------------------- | -------------------------------------- +_HSM_ | **H**ardware **S**ecurity **M**odule +_NVM_ | **N**on-**V**olatile **M**emory +_SHE_ | **S**ecure **H**ardware **E**xtensions + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Integrity + +The board must store hardcoded cryptographic keys in order to verify among others +the _integrity_ of the _bootloader_. Manufacturers can use **HSM** and **SHE** to +enhance the security of their board. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +-------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------- +Hardware-Integrity-1 | Bootloader | Must control bootloader integrity. +Hardware-Integrity-2 | Board | Must use a HSM. +Hardware-Integrity-3 | RTC | Must not be alterable. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Certificates + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +---------------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Hardware-Certificate-1 | System | Shall allow storing dedicated certificates. +Hardware-Certificate-2 | ECU | The ECU must verify the certification authority hierarchy. +Hardware-Certificate-3 | System | Allow the modification of certificates only if the source can be authenticated by a certificate already stored or in the higher levels of the chain of trust. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Memory + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +----------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Hardware-Memory-1 | ECU | The ECU shall never expose the unencrypted key in RAM when using cryptographic keys. +Hardware-Memory-2 | Bootloader | Internal NVM only +Hardware-Module-3 | - | HSM must be used to secure keys. + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/0_Abstract.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/0_Abstract.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa99d89 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/0_Abstract.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +# Part 2 - Secure boot + +## Abstract + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +--------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- +Boot-Abstract-1 | More generic and add examples (The chain of trust). + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +Secure boot refers to preventing malicious software applications and +“unauthorized” operating systems from loading during the system start-up process. +The goal is to protect users from rootkits and other low-level malware attacks. +Modern bootloaders come with features that can be used to enable secure boot in the system. + +**Boot Hardening**: Steps/requirements to configure the boot sequence, in order +to restrict the device from executing anything other than the approved software +image. + +In this part, we will see a series of settings that will allow us to improve +security during boot phase. For the purposes of reference and explanation, we +are providing guidance on how to configure an embedded device that runs with a +3.10.17 Linux kernel. If the integrity is not checked or if a critical error +occurs, the system must boot on a very stable backup image. + +**Requirements**: These requirements must be met even if an alternative version +of the Linux kernel is chosen. + +**Recommendations**: Detailed best practices that should be applied in order to +secure a device. Although they are not currently listed as hard requirements, +they may be upgraded to requirements status in the future. In addition, specific +operators may change some of these recommendations into requirements based on +their specific needs and objectives. + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +--------------- | ------------------------------------------- +Boot-Abstract-1 | Review the definition of the "boot loader". + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +**Boot loader**: The boot loader consists of the Primary boot loader residing +in **OTP** memory, sboot, U-Boot and Secure loader residing in external flash +(NAND or SPI/NOR flash memory). The CPU on power on or reset executes the +primary boot loader. The **OTP** primary boot loader makes the necessary initial +system configuration and then loads the secondary boot loader sboot from +external flash memory to ram memory. The sboot then loads the U-Boot along with +the Secure loader. U-Boot then verifies the Kernel/system image integrity, then +loads the Kernel/system image before passing control to it. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Acronyms and Abbreviations + +The following table lists the terms utilized within this part of the document. + +Acronyms or Abbreviations | Description +------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- +_FUSE_ | **F**ilesystem in **U**ser**S**pac**E** +_OTP_ | **O**ne-**T**ime-**P**rogrammable +_DOCSIS_ | **D**ata **O**ver **C**able **S**ervice **I**nterface **S**pecification diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/1-Image.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/1-Image.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..453b397 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/1-Image.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +# Image + +## Image selection + +The boot process shall be uninterruptible and shall irrevocably boot the image +as specified in the boot environment. + +In U-Boot set the "_bootdelay_" environment variable and/or define +`CONFIG_BOOTDELAY` to _-2_. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | _Variable_ / `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | -------------------------- | ------- +Boot-Image-Selection-1 | `CONFIG_BOOTDELAY` | `-2` +Boot-Image-Selection-2 | _bootdelay_ | `-2` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Image authenticity + +It shall not be possible to boot from an unverified image. The secure boot +feature in U-Boot shall be enabled. The secure boot feature is available from +U-Boot 2013.07 version. To enable the secure boot feature, enable the following +features: + +``` +CONFIG_FIT: Enables support for Flat Image Tree (FIT) uImage format. +CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE: Enables signature verification of FIT images. +CONFIG_RSA: Enables RSA algorithm used for FIT image verification. +CONFIG_OF_CONTROL: Enables Flattened Device Tree (FDT) configuration. +CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE: Enables separate build of u-Boot from the device tree. +CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE: Specifies the default Device Tree used for the run-time configuration of U-Boot. +``` + +Generate the U-Boot image with public keys to validate and load the image. It +shall use RSA2048 and SHA256 for authentication. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | _State_ +------------------------- | ---------------------------- | -------- +Boot-Image-Authenticity-1 | `CONFIG_FIT` | _Enable_ +Boot-Image-Authenticity-2 | `CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE` | _Enable_ +Boot-Image-Authenticity-3 | `CONFIG_RSA` | _Enable_ +Boot-Image-Authenticity-4 | `CONFIG_OF_CONTROL` | _Enable_ +Boot-Image-Authenticity-5 | `CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE` | _Enable_ +Boot-Image-Authenticity-6 | `CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE` | _Enable_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/2-Communication-modes.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/2-Communication-modes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..268da5d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/2-Communication-modes.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +# Communication modes + +## Disable USB, Serial and DOCSIS Support + +To disable USB support in U-Boot, following config's shall not be defined: + +``` +CONFIG_CMD_USB: Enables basic USB support and the usb command. +CONFIG_USB_UHCI: Defines the lowlevel part. +CONFIG_USB_KEYBOARD: Enables the USB Keyboard. +CONFIG_USB_STORAGE: Enables the USB storage devices. +CONFIG_USB_HOST_ETHER: Enables USB Ethernet adapter support. +``` + +In addition, disable unnecessary communication modes like Ethernet, Serial +ports, DOCSIS in U-Boot and sboot that are not necessary. + +Linux Kernel support for USB should be compiled-out if not required. If it is +needed, the Linux Kernel should be configured to only enable the minimum +required USB devices. User-initiated USB-filesystems should be treated with +special care. Whether or not the filesystems are mounted in userspace +(**FUSE**), restricted mount options should be observed. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Communication modes | _State_ +-------------------- | ------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Boot-Communication-1 | `USB` | _Disabled_ and _Compiled-out_ if not required. +Boot-Communication-2 | `USB` | Else, Kernel should be configured to only enable the minimum required USB devices and filesystems should be treated with special care. +Boot-Communication-3 | `Ethernet` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Communication-4 | U-boot and sboot `DOCSIS` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Communication-5 | `Serial ports` | _Disabled_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> <!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | _State_ +------------------------ | ----------------------- | ------------- +Boot-Communication-USB-1 | `CONFIG_CMD_USB` | _Not defined_ +Boot-Communication-USB-2 | `CONFIG_USB_UHCI` | _Not defined_ +Boot-Communication-USB-3 | `CONFIG_USB_KEYBOARD` | _Not defined_ +Boot-Communication-USB-4 | `CONFIG_USB_STORAGE` | _Not defined_ +Boot-Communication-USB-5 | `CONFIG_USB_HOST_ETHER` | _Not defined_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable all unused Network Interfaces + +Only used network interfaces should be enabled. +Where possible, services should also be limited to those necessary. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Communication modes | _State_ +-------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Boot-Communication-1 | `Network interfaces` | Preferably _no network interface is allowed_, otherwise, restrict the services to those used. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +## Remove or Disable Unnecessary Services, Ports, and Devices + +Restrict the `services`, `ports` and `devices` to those used. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +-------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- +Boot-Communication-1 | `Services`, `ports` and `devices` | Restrict the `services`, `ports` and `devices` to those used. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +## Disable flash access + +**Recommendation**: + +In U-Boot following flash memory commands shall be disabled: + +**NAND**: Support for nand flash access available through `do_nand` has to be disabled. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Command` name | _State_ +-------------------------- | -------------- | --------- +Boot-Communication-Flash-1 | `do_nand` | _Disable_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +Similarly sboot should disable flash access support through command line if any. diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/3-Consoles.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/3-Consoles.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a8faed --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-2/3-Consoles.md @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +# Consoles + +## Disable serial console + +Serial console output shall be disabled. To disable console output in U-Boot, +set the following macros: + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------- +Boot-Consoles-Serial-1 | `CONFIG_SILENT_CONSOLE` | `Disable` +Boot-Consoles-Serial-2 | `CONFIG_SYS_DEVICE_NULLDEV` | `Disable` +Boot-Consoles-Serial-3 | `CONFIG_SILENT_CONSOLE_UPDATE_ON_RELOC` | `Disable` + +<!-- end-section-config --> <!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +--------------- | ------------------------------------ +Boot-Consoles-1 | Secure loader: No reference earlier? + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +And set "**silent**" environment variable. For the Secure loader, +disable the traces by not defining the below macro: + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Environment variable` name | _State_ +---------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------- +Boot-Consoles-Serial-1 | `INC_DEBUG_PRINT` | _Not defined_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +For sboot proper configuration needs to be done to disable the serial console. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Immutable environment variables + +In U-Boot, ensure Kernel command line, boot commands, boot delay and other +environment variables are immutable. This will prevent side-loading of alternate +images, by restricting the boot selection to only the image in FLASH. + +The environment variables shall be part of the text region in U-Boot as default +environment variable and not in non-volatile memory. + +Remove configuration options related to non-volatile memory, such as: + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | _State_ +-------------------------- | ---------------------------- | --------- +Boot-Consoles-Variables-1 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_MMC` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-2 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_EEPROM` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-3 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-4 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_DATAFLASH` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-5 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FAT` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-6 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-7 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NVRAM` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-8 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_ONENAND` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-9 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_SPI_FLASH` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-10 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_REMOTE` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-11 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_UBI` | `#undef` +Boot-Consoles-Variables-12 | `CONFIG_ENV_IS_NOWHERE` | `#define` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## (Recommendation) Removal of memory dump commands + +In U-Boot, following commands shall be disabled to avoid memory dumps: + +``` +md : Memory Display command. +mm : Memory modify command - auto incrementing address. +nm : Memory modify command - constant address. +mw : Memory write. +cp : Memory copy. +mwc : Memory write cyclic. +mdc : Memory display cyclic. +mtest : Simple ram read/write test. +loopw : Infinite write loop on address range. +``` + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Command` name | _State_ +----------------------- | -------------- | ---------- +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-1 | `md` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-2 | `mm` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-3 | `nm` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-4 | `mw` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-5 | `cp` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-6 | `mwc` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-7 | `mdc` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-8 | `mtest` | _Disabled_ +Boot-Consoles-MemDump-9 | `loopw` | _Disabled_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +Similarly, memory dump support shall be disabled from sboot. diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-3/0_Abstract.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-3/0_Abstract.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6e3942 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-3/0_Abstract.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Part 3 - Hypervisor + +Definition: "A hypervisor or virtual machine monitor (VMM) is computer software, +firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines". + +It must include a signature verification (possibly delegated). + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +--------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Hypervisor-Abstract-1 | Complete Hypervisor part ([jailhouse](https://github.com/siemens/jailhouse) / [KVM](https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page) / [Xen](https://www.xenproject.org/developers/teams/embedded-and-automotive.html)). + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +## Native or Bare-metal hypervisors + +These hypervisors run directly on the host's hardware to control the hardware and to manage guest operating systems. Those are the ones we're interested in. diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/0_Abstract.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/0_Abstract.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..01957e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/0_Abstract.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +# Part 4 - Kernel + +## Abstract + +**System Hardening:** Best practices associated with the configuration of an +embedded Linux based operating system. This section includes both hardening of +the kernel itself, as well as specific configurations and patches used to +protect against known vulnerabilities within the build and configuration of the +root filesystem. + +At the Kernel level, we must ensure that no console can be launched. It could be +used to change the behavior of the system or to have more information about it. +Another aspect is the protection of the memory used by the Kernel. + +The next sub-sections contain information on various kernel configuration +options to enhance the security in the kernel (3.10.17) and also for +applications compiled to take advantage of these security features. +Additionally, there are also configuration options that protect from known +vulnerable configuration options. Here's a high level summary of various kernel +configurations that shall be required for deployment. + +## Kernel Version + +The choice of kernel version for the AGL system is essential to its security. +Depending on the type of board and eventual production system, different kernel +versions are used. For example, one of the systems under study uses the +Linux kernel version 3.10, while another uses the Linux kernel version 4.4. +For the Linux kernel version 3.10.31, there are 25 known vulnerabilities. +These vulnerabilities would allow an attacker to gain privileges, +bypass access restrictions, allow memory to be corrupted, or cause denial of service. +In contrast, the Linux kernel version of 4.4 has many fewer known vulnerabilities. +For this reason, we would in general recommend the later kernel version as a basis +for the platform. + +Note that, although there are fewer known vulnerabilities in the most recent kernel +versions there may be many unknown vulnerabilities underlying. +A rule of thumb is to update the kernel as much as possible to avoid the problems +you do know, but you should not be complacent in the trust that you place in it. +A defense-in-depth approach would then apply. + +If there are constraints and dependencies in upgrading to a newer kernel version +(e.g. device drivers, board support providers) and you are forced to an older +Linux kernel version, there need to be additional provisions made to reduce +the risk of kernel exploits, which can include memory monitoring, watch-dog services, +and system call hooking. In this case, further defense-in-depth techniques +may be required to mitigate the risk of attacks to known vulnerabilities, +which can also include runtime integrity verification of components +that are vulnerable to tampering. + +## Kernel Build Configuration + +The kernel build configuration is extremely important for determining the level +of access to services and to reduce the breadth of the attack surface. +Linux contains a great and flexible number of capabilities and this is only controlled +through the build configuration. For example, the `CONFIG_MODULES` parameter +allows kernel modules to be loaded at runtime extending the capabilities of the kernel. +This capability needs to be either inhibited or controlled at runtime through +other configuration parameters. For example, `CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE=y` ensures +that only signed modules are loaded. There is a very large number of kernel +configuration parameters, and these are discussed in detail in this section. diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/1-General.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/1-General.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54c7ea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/1-General.md @@ -0,0 +1,278 @@ +# General configuration + +## Mandatory Access Control + +Kernel should controls access with labels and policy. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +-------------------- | -------------- | -------------------------------------- +Kernel-General-MAC-1 | CONFIG_IP_NF_SECURITY | m +Kernel-General-MAC-2 | CONFIG_IP6_NF_SECURITY | m +Kernel-General-MAC-3 | CONFIG_EXT2_FS_SECURITY | y +Kernel-General-MAC-4 | CONFIG_EXT3_FS_SECURITY | y +Kernel-General-MAC-5 | CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY | y +Kernel-General-MAC-6 | CONFIG_SECURITY | y +Kernel-General-MAC-7 | CONFIG_SECURITY_SMACK | y +Kernel-General-MAC-8 | CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR | y + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +Please also refer to the [**Mandatory Access Control** documentation in Platform](../part-5/1-MAC.html) part. +You can also find useful documentation and links on wikipedia about [**MAC**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control) +and about [**SMACK**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Mandatory_Access_Control_Kernel). + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable kexec + +**Kexec** is a system call that enables you to load and boot into another kernel from the currently running kernel. This feature is not required in a production environment. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | -------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-kexec-1 | `CONFIG_KEXEC` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +<!-- section-note --> + +**kexec** can load arbitrary kernels but signing of new kernel can be enforced like it is can be enforced for new modules. + +<!-- end-section-note --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable kernel IP auto-configuration + +It is preferable to have an IP configuration performed using a user-space tool as these tend to have more validation. We do not want the network interface coming up until the system has come up properly. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +--------------------------- | --------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-IPAutoConf-1 | `CONFIG_IP_PNP` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable Sysctl syscall support + +Enabling this will result in code being included that is hard to maintain and not well tested. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-SysCtl_SysCall-1 | `CONFIG_SYSCTL_SYSCALL` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable Legacy Linux Support + +There are some Kernel Configs which are present only to support legacy binaries. See also "Consoles" part in order to disabling support for legacy binary formats. The `uselib` system call, in particular, has no valid use in any `libc6` or `uclibc` system in recent times. This configuration is supported in **Linux 3.15 and greater** and thus should only be disabled for such versions. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------------- | --------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-LegacyLinux-1 | `CONFIG_USELIB` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable firmware auto-loading user mode helper + +The firmware auto loading helper, which is a utility executed by the kernel on `hotplug` events requiring firmware, can to be set `setuid`. As a result of this, the helper utility is an attractive target for attackers with control of physical ports on the device. Disabling this configuration that is supported in **Linux 3.9 and greater**. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +--------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------- +Kernel-General-FirmHelper-1 | `CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +<!-- section-note --> + +It doesn't strictly need to be `setuid`, there is an option of shipping firmware builtin into kernel without initrd/filesystem. + +<!-- end-section-note --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Enable Kernel Panic on OOPS + +When fuzzing the kernel or attempting kernel exploits attackers are likely to trigger kernel OOPSes. Setting the behavior on OOPS to PANIC can impede their progress. + +This configuration is supported in **Linux 3.5 and greater** and thus should only be enabled for such versions. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-PanicOnOOPS-1 | `CONFIG_PANIC_ON_OOPS` | `y` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Disable socket monitoring interface + +These monitors can be used to inspect shared file descriptors on Unix Domain sockets or traffic on 'localhost' which is otherwise assumed to be confidential. + +The `CONFIG_PACKET_DIAG` configuration is supported in **Linux 3.7 and greater** and thus should only be disabled for such versions. + +The `CONFIG_UNIX_DIAG` configuration is supported in **Linux 3.3 and greater** and thus should only be disabled for such versions. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +-------------------------- | -------------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-SocketMon-1 | `CONFIG_PACKET_DIAG` | `n` +Kernel-General-SocketMon-2 | `CONFIG_UNIX_DIAG` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable BPF JIT + +The BPF JIT can be used to create kernel-payloads from firewall table rules. + +This configuration for is supported in **Linux 3.16 and greater** and thus should only be disabled for such versions. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ---------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-BPF_JIT-1 | `CONFIG_BPF_JIT` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Enable Enforced Module Signing + +The kernel should never allow an unprivileged user the ability to load specific kernel modules, +since that would provide a facility to unexpectedly extend the available attack surface. + +To protect against even privileged users, systems may need to either disable +module loading entirely, or provide signed modules +(e.g. `CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE`, or dm-crypt with LoadPin), to keep from having +root load arbitrary kernel code via the module loader interface. + +This configuration is supported in **Linux 3.7 and greater** and thus should only be enabled for such versions. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | ------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-ModuleSigning-1 | `CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE` | `y` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +It is also possible to block the loading of modules after startup with "kernel.modules_disabled". + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Variable` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | ------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-General-ModuleSigning-2 | `kernel.modules_disabled` | `1` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Disable all USB, PCMCIA (and other `hotplug` bus) drivers that aren't needed + +To reduce the attack surface, the driver enumeration, probe, and operation happen in the kernel. The driver data is parsed by the kernel, so any logic bugs in these drivers can become kernel exploits. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | _State_ +------------------------ | ------------------- | ---------- +Kernel-General-Drivers-1 | `USB` | _Disabled_ +Kernel-General-Drivers-2 | `PCMCIA` | _Disabled_ +Kernel-General-Drivers-3 | Other `hotplug` bus | _Disabled_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Position Independent Executables + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +-------------------------------- | ----------------------------- +Kernel-General-IndependentExec-1 | Kernel or/and platform part ? + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `compiler` and `linker` options | _State_ +-------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------- +Kernel-General-IndependentExec-1 | `-pie -fpic` | _Enable_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +Produce a position independent executable on targets which supports it. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Prevent Overwrite Attacks + +`-z,relro` linking option helps during program load, several ELF memory sections need to be written by the linker, but can be turned read-only before turning over control to the program. This prevents some Global Offset Table GOT overwrite attacks, or in the dtors section of the ELF binary. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `compiler` and `linker` options | _State_ +--------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------- +Kernel-General-OverwriteAttacks-1 | `-z,relro` | _Enable_ +Kernel-General-OverwriteAttacks-2 | `-z,now` | _Enable_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +During program load, all dynamic symbols are resolved, allowing for the complete GOT to be marked read-only (due to `-z relro` above). This prevents GOT overwrite attacks. For very large application, this can incur some performance loss during initial load while symbols are resolved, but this shouldn't be an issue for daemons. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Library linking + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +------------------------------- | --------------- +Kernel-General-LibraryLinking-1 | Keep this part? + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +It is recommended that dynamic linking should generally not be allowed. This will avoid the user from replacing a library with malicious library. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +------------------------------- | --------------- | -------------------------------- +Kernel-General-LibraryLinking-1 | Dynamic linking | Should generally not be allowed. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +<!-- section-note --> + +Linking everything statically doesn't change anything wrt security as binaries will live under same user:group as libraries and setuid executables ignore `LD_PRELOAD/LD_LIBRARY_PATH`. It also increases RSS footprint and creates problems with upgrading. + +<!-- end-section-note --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/2-Memory.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/2-Memory.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7af446 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/2-Memory.md @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +# Memory + +## Restrict access to kernel memory + +The /dev/kmem file in Linux systems is directly mapped to kernel virtual memory. This can be disastrous if an attacker gains root access, as the attacker would have direct access to kernel virtual memory. + +To disable the /dev/kmem file, which is very infrequently used by applications, the following kernel option should be set in the compile-time kernel configuration: + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | ---------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-RestrictAccess-1 | `CONFIG_DEVKMEM` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +In case applications in userspace need /dev/kmem support, it should be available only for authenticated applications. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable access to a kernel core dump + +This kernel configuration disables access to a kernel core dump from user space. If enabled, it gives attackers a useful view into kernel memory. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-CoreDump-1 | `CONFIG_PROC_KCORE` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable swap + +If not disabled, attackers can enable swap at runtime, add pressure to the memory subsystem and then scour the pages written to swap for useful information. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +-------------------- | ------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-Swap-1 | `CONFIG_SWAP` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +<!-- section-note --> + +- Enabling swap at runtime require `CAP_SYS_ADMIN`. +- Swap block device is usually under root:disk. +- Linux never swaps kernel pages. +- If swap disabling is not possible, swap encryption should be enabled. + +<!-- end-section-note --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Disable "Load All Symbols" + +There is a /proc/kallsyms file which exposes the kernel memory space address of many kernel symbols (functions, variables, etc...). This information is useful to attackers in identifying kernel versions/configurations and in preparing payloads for the exploits of kernel space. + +Both `KALLSYMS_ALL` and `KALLSYMS` shall be disabled; + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | --------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-LoadAllSymbols-1 | `CONFIG_KALLSYMS` | `n` +Kernel-Memory-LoadAllSymbols-2 | `CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Stack protection + +To prevent stack-smashing, similar to the stack protector used for ELF programs in user-space, the kernel can protect its internal stacks as well. + +This configuration is supported in **Linux 3.11 and greater** and thus should only be enabled for such versions. + +This configuration also requires building the kernel with the **gcc compiler 4.2 or greater**. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +--------------------- | -------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-Stack-1 | `CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR` | `y` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +Other defenses include things like shadow stacks. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable access to /dev/mem + +The /dev/mem file in Linux systems is directly mapped to physical memory. This can be disastrous if an attacker gains root access, as the attacker would have direct access to physical memory through this convenient device file. It may not always be possible to disable such file, as some applications might need such support. In that case, then this device file should be available only for authenticated applications. + +This configuration is supported in **Linux 4.0 and greater** and thus should only be disabled for such versions. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | --------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-Access-1 | `CONFIG_DEVMEM` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Disable cross-memory attach + +Disable the process_vm_*v syscalls which allow one process to peek/poke the virtual memory of another. + +This configuration is supported in **Linux 3.5 and greater** and thus should only be disabled for such versions. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | --------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Memory-CrossMemAttach-1 | `CROSS_MEMORY_ATTACH` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Stack Smashing Attacks + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `compiler` and `linker` options | _State_ +----------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------- +Kernel-Memory-StackSmashing-1 | `-fstack-protector-all` | _Enable_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +Emit extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack smashing attacks. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Detect Buffer Overflows + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `compiler` options and `config` name | `Value` +------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | ------- +Kernel-Memory-BufferOverflows-1 | `-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE` | `2` +Kernel-Memory-BufferOverflows-2 | `CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE` | `y` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +Helps detect some buffer overflow errors. diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/3-Consoles.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/3-Consoles.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6cf80a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/3-Consoles.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# Serial + +## Disable serial console + +The serial console should be disabled to prevent an attacker from accessing this powerful interface. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Consoles-Serial-1 | `CONFIG_SERIAL_8250` | `n` +Kernel-Consoles-Serial-2 | `CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_CONSOLE` | `n` +Kernel-Consoles-Serial-3 | `CONFIG_SERIAL_CORE` | `n` +Kernel-Consoles-Serial-4 | `CONFIG_SERIAL_CORE_CONSOLE` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Bake-in the kernel command-line + +The kernel command-line is used to control many aspects of the booting kernel, and is prone to tampering as they are passed in RAM with little to no reverse validation on these parameters. To prevent this type of attack, the kernel shall be configured to ignore commands line arguments, and use pre-configured (compile time) options instead. + +Set the kernel command line in the `CONFIG_CMDLINE KConfig` item and then pass no arguments from the bootloader. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +----------------------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------------------------- +Kernel-Consoles-CommandLine-1 | `CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL` | `y` +Kernel-Consoles-CommandLine-2 | `CONFIG_CMDLINE` | `"insert kernel command line here"` +Kernel-Consoles-CommandLine-3 | `CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE` | `y` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +It is recommended that any per-device settings (e.g: MAC addresses, serial numbers, etc.) be stored and accessed from read-only memory (or files), and that any such parameters be verified (signature checking) prior to their use. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable KGDB + +The Linux kernel supports KGDB over USB and console ports. These mechanisms are controlled by the `kgdbdbgp` and `kgdboc` kernel command-line parameters. It is important to ensure that no shipping product contains a kernel with KGDB compiled-in. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | ------------- | ------- +Kernel-Consoles-KDBG-1 | `CONFIG_KGDB` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable magic sysrq support + +On a few architectures, you can access a powerful debugger interface from the keyboard. The same powerful interface can be present on the serial console (responding to serial break) of Linux on other architectures. Disable to avoid potentially exposing this powerful backdoor. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +----------------------- | -------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Consoles-SysRQ-1 | `CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable support for binary formats other than ELF + +This will make possible to plug wrapper-driven binary formats into the kernel. It enables support for binary formats other than ELF. Providing the ability to use alternate interpreters would assist an attacker in discovering attack vectors. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------------ | -------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Consoles-BinaryFormat-1 | `CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/4-Debug.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/4-Debug.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cce5fc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/4-Debug.md @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +# Debug + +No debuggers shall be present on the file system. This includes, but is not limited to, the GNU Debugger client/server (commonly known in their short form names such as the `gdb` and `gdbserver` executable binaries respectively), the `LLDB` next generation debugger or the `TCF` (Target Communications Framework) agnostic framework. Including these binaries as part of the file system will facilitate an attacker's ability to reverse engineer and debug (either locally or remotely) any process that is currently executing on the device. + +## Kernel debug symbols + +Debug symbols should always be removed from production kernels as they provide a lot of information to attackers. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | ------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Symbols-1 | `CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +These kernel debug symbols are enabled by other config items in the kernel. Care should be taken to disable those also. If `CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO` cannot be disabled, then enabling `CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_REDUCED` is second best. + +<!-- section-note --> + +At least `CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_REDUCED` should be always enabled for developers to convert addresses in oops messages to line numbers. + +<!-- end-section-note --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable Kprobes + +Kprobes enables you to dynamically break into any kernel routine and collect debugging and performance information non-disruptively. You can trap at almost any kernel code address, specifying a handler routine to be invoked when the breakpoint is hit. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | ---------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Kprobes-1 | `CONFIG_KPROBES` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable Tracing + +FTrace enables the kernel to trace every kernel function. Providing kernel trace functionality would assist an attacker in discovering attack vectors. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +---------------------- | --------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Tracing-1 | `CONFIG_FTRACE` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable Profiling + +Profiling and OProfile enables profiling the whole system, include the kernel, kernel modules, libraries, and applications. Providing profiling functionality would assist an attacker in discovering attack vectors. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ------------------ | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Profiling-1 | `CONFIG_OPROFILE` | `n` +Kernel-Debug-Profiling-2 | `CONFIG_PROFILING` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable OOPS print on BUG() + +The output from OOPS print can be helpful in Return Oriented Programming (ROP) when trying to determine the effectiveness of an exploit. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-OOPSOnBUG-1 | `CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable Kernel Debugging + +There are development-only branches of code in the kernel enabled by the `DEBUG_KERNEL` conf. This should be disabled to compile-out these branches. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------ | --------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Dev-1 | `CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL` | `n` +Kernel-Debug-Dev-2 | `CONFIG_EMBEDDED` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +In some kernel versions, disabling this requires also disabling `CONFIG_EMBEDDED`, and `CONFIG_EXPERT`. Disabling `CONFIG_EXPERT` makes it impossible to disable `COREDUMP`, `DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE`, `NAMESPACES`, `KALLSYMS` and `BUG`. In which case it is better to leave this enabled than enable the others. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Disable the kernel debug filesystem + +The kernel debug filesystem presents a lot of useful information and means of manipulation of the kernel to an attacker. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------- | ----------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-FileSystem-1 | `CONFIG_DEBUG_FS` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable BUG() support + +The kernel will display backtrace and register information for BUGs and WARNs in kernel space, making it easier for attackers to develop exploits. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------ | ------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-BUG-1 | `CONFIG_BUG` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Disable core dumps + +Core dumps provide a lot of debug information for hackers. So disabling core dumps are recommended in production builds. + +This configuration is supported in **Linux 3.7 and greater** and thus should only be disabled for such versions. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | ----------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-CoreDumps-1 | `CONFIG_COREDUMP` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Kernel Address Display Restriction + +When attackers try to develop "run anywhere" exploits for kernel vulnerabilities, they frequently need to know the location of internal kernel structures. By treating kernel addresses as sensitive information, those locations are not visible to regular local users. + +**/proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict is set to "1"** to block the reporting of known kernel address leaks. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `File` name | `Value` +---------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-AdressDisplay-1 | `/proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict` | `1` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +Additionally, various files and directories should be readable only by the root user: `/boot/vmlinuz*`, `/boot/System.map*`, `/sys/kernel/debug/`, `/proc/slabinfo` + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `File` or `Directorie` name | _State_ +---------------------------- | --------------------------- | ----------------------------- +Kernel-Debug-AdressDisplay-1 | `/boot/vmlinuz*` | _Readable Only for root user_ +Kernel-Debug-AdressDisplay-2 | `/boot/System.map*` | _Readable Only for root user_ +Kernel-Debug-AdressDisplay-3 | `/sys/kernel/debug/` | _Readable Only for root user_ +Kernel-Debug-AdressDisplay-4 | `/proc/slabinfo` | _Readable Only for root user_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## DMESG Restrictions + +When attackers try to develop "run anywhere" exploits for vulnerabilities, they frequently will use `dmesg` output. By treating `dmesg` output as sensitive information, this output is not available to the attacker. + +**/proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict can be set to "1"** to treat dmesg output as sensitive. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `File` name | `Value` +-------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-DMESG-1 | `/proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict` | `1` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +Enable the below compiler and linker options when building user-space applications to avoid stack smashing, buffer overflow attacks. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Disable /proc/config.gz + +It is extremely important to not expose the kernel configuration used on a production device to a potential attacker. With access to the kernel config, it could be possible for an attacker to build a custom kernel for the device that may disable critical security features. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +--------------------- | ----------------- | ------- +Kernel-Debug-Config-1 | `CONFIG_IKCONFIG` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/5-FileSystems.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/5-FileSystems.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78f2050 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-4/5-FileSystems.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +# File System + +## Disable all file systems not needed + +To reduce the attack surface, file system data is parsed by the kernel, so any logic bugs in file system drivers can become kernel exploits. + +### Disable NFS file system + +NFS FileSystems are useful during development phases, but this can be a very helpful way for an attacker to get files when you are in production mode, so we must disable them. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | `Value` +------------------------ | --------------- | ------- +Kernel-FileSystems-NFS-1 | `CONFIG_NFSD` | `n` +Kernel-FileSystems-NFS-2 | `CONFIG_NFS_FS` | `n` + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Partition Mount Options + +There are several security restrictions that can be set on a filesystem when it is mounted. Some common security options include, but are not limited to: + +`nosuid` - Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take effect. + +`nodev` - Do not interpret character or block special devices on the filesystem. + +`noexec` - Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted filesystem. + +`ro` - Mount filesystem as read-only. + +The following flags shall be used for mounting common filesystems: + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Partition` | `Value` +-------------------------- | ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-1 | `/boot` | `nosuid`, `nodev` and `noexec`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-2 | `/var` & `/tmp` | In `/etc/fstab` or `vfstab`, add `nosuid`, `nodev` and `noexec`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-3 | _Non-root local_ | If type is `ext2` or `ext3` and mount point not '/', add `nodev`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-4 | _Removable storage_ | Add `nosuid`, `nodev` and `noexec`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-5 | _Temporary storage_ | Add `nosuid`, `nodev` and `noexec`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-6 | `/dev/shm` | Add `nosuid`, `nodev` and `noexec`. +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-7 | `/dev` | Add `nosuid` and `noexec`. + +<!-- end-section-config --> <!-- section-note --> + +If `CONFIG_DEVTMPFS_MOUNT` is set, then the kernel will mount /dev and will not apply the `nosuid`, `noexec` options. Either disable `CONFIG_DEVTMPFS_MOUNT` or add a remount with `noexec` and `nosuid` options to system startup. + +<!-- end-section-note --> <!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Config` name | _State_ or `Value` +-------------------------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- +Kernel-FileSystems-Mount-1 | `CONFIG_DEVTMPFS_MOUNT` | _Disabled_ or add remount with `noexec` and `nosuid` to system startup. + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/0_Abstract.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/0_Abstract.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddf7d2a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/0_Abstract.md @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +# Part 5 - Platform + +## Abstract + +The Automotive Grade Linux platform is a Linux distribution with **AGL** compliant applications and services. +The platform includes the following software: + +- Linux **BSP** configured for reference boards. +- Proprietary device drivers for common peripherals on reference boards. +- Application framework. +- Windows/layer management (graphics). +- Sound resource management. +- An atomic software update system (chapter Update). +- Building and debug tools (based on Yocto project). + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +------------------- | -------------------------------- +Platform-Abstract-1 | Create a graphics and sound part. + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +This part focuses on the AGL platform including all tools and techniques used to +upgrade the security and downgrade the danger. It must be possible to apply the +two fundamental principles written at the very beginning of the document. First +of all, security management must remain simple. You must also prohibit +everything by default, and then define a set of authorization rules. As cases +to deal with, we must: + +- Implement a **MAC** for processes and files. +- Limit communication between applications (_SystemBus_ and _SystemD_ part). +- Prohibit all tools used during development mode (_Utilities_ and _Services_ part). +- Manage user capabilities (_Users_ part). +- Manage application permissions and policies (_AGLFw_ part). + +<!-- section-note --> + +The tools and concepts used to meet these needs are only examples. +Any other tool that meets the need can be used. + +<!-- end-section-note --> + +In AGL, as in many other embedded systems, different security mechanisms settle +in the core layers to ensure isolation and data privacy. While the Mandatory +Access Control layer (**SMACK**) provides global security and isolation, other +mechanisms like **Cynara** are required to check application's permissions at +runtime. Applicative permissions (also called "_privileges_") may vary depending +on the user and the application being run: an application should have access to +a given service only if it is run by the proper user and if the appropriate +permissions are granted. + +## Discretionary Access Control + +**D**iscretionary **A**ccess **C**ontrol (**DAC**) is the traditional Linux method of separating +users and groups from one another. In a shared environment where multiple users +have access to a computer or network, Unix IDs have offered a way to contain access +within privilege areas for individuals, or shared among the group or system. +The Android system took this one step further, assigning new user IDs for each App. +This was never the original intention of Linux UIDs, but was able to provide +Android’s initial security element: the ability to sandbox applications. + +Although AGL mentions use of **DAC** for security isolation, the weight of the +security responsibility lies in the **M**andatory **A**ccess **C**ontrol (**MAC**) and **Cynara**. +Furthermore, there are system services with unique UIDs. however,the system +does not go to the extreme of Android, where every application has its own UID. +All sandboxing (app isolation) in AGL is handled in the **MAC** contexts. + +## Mandatory Access Control + +**M**andatory **A**ccess **C**ontrol (**MAC**) is an extension to **DAC**, +whereby extended attributes (xattr) are associated with the filesystem. +In the case of AGL, the smackfs filesystem allows files and directories +to be associated with a SMACK label, providing the ability of further +discrimination on access control. A SMACK label is a simple null terminated +character string with a maximum of 255 bytes. While it doesn’t offer the +richness of an SELinux label, which provides a user, role,type, and level, +the simplicity of a single value makes the overall design far less complex. +There is arguably less chance of the security author making mistakes in the policies set forth. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Acronyms and Abbreviations + +The following table lists the terms utilized within this part of the document. + +Acronyms or Abbreviations | Description +------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- +_ACL_ | **A**ccess **C**ontrol **L**ists +_alsa_ | **A**dvanced **L**inux **S**ound **A**rchitecture +_API_ | **A**pplication **P**rogramming **I**nterface +_AppFw_ | **App**lication **F**rame**w**ork +_BSP_ | **B**oard **S**upport **P**ackage +_Cap_ | **Cap**abilities +_DAC_ | **D**iscretionary **A**ccess **C**ontrol +_DDOS_ | **D**istributed **D**enial **O**f **S**ervice +_DOS_ | **D**enial **O**f **S**ervice +_IPC_ | **I**nter-**P**rocess **C**ommunication +_MAC_ | **M**andatory **A**ccess **C**ontrol +_PAM_ | **P**luggable **A**uthentication **M**odules +_SMACK_ | **S**implified **M**andatory **A**ccess **C**ontrol **K**ernel diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/1-MAC.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/1-MAC.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73543e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/1-MAC.md @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +# Mandatory Access Control + +<!-- section-note --> + +We decided to put the **MAC** protection on the platform part despite the fact +that it applies to the kernel too, since its use will be mainly at the platform +level (except floor part). + +<!-- end-section-note --> + +**M**andatory **A**ccess **C**ontrol (**MAC**) is a protection provided by the +Linux kernel that requires a **L**inux **S**ecurity **M**odule (**LSM**). AGL +uses an **LSM** called **S**implified **M**andatory **A**ccess **C**ontrol +**K**ernel (**SMACK**). This protection involves the creation of **SMACK** +labels as part of the extended attributes **SMACK** labels to the file extended +attributes. And a policy is also created to define the behaviour of each label. + +The kernel access controls is based on these labels and this policy. If there +is no rule, no access will be granted and as a consequence, what is not +explicitly authorized is forbidden. + +There are two types of **SMACK** labels: + +- **Execution SMACK** (Attached to the process): Defines how files are + _accessed_ and _created_ by that process. +- **File Access SMACK** (Written to the extended attribute of the file): Defines + _which_ process can access the file. + +By default a process executes with its File Access **SMACK** label unless an +Execution **SMACK** label is defined. + +AGL's **SMACK** scheme is based on the _Tizen 3 Q2/2015_. It divides the System +into the following domains: + +- Floor. +- System. +- Applications, Services and User. + +See [AGL security framework review](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2017/AMMQ1Tokyo/AGL-security-framework-review.pdf) and [Smack White Paper](http://schaufler-ca.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/SmackWhitePaper.257153003.pdf) +for more information. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Floor + +The _floor_ domain includes the base system services and any associated data and +libraries. This data remains unchanged at runtime. Writing to floor files or +directories is allowed only in development mode or during software installation +or upgrade. + +The following table details the _floor_ domain: + +Label | Name | Execution **SMACK** | File Access **SMACK** +----- | ----- | ------------------- | --------------------------------------- +`-` | Floor | `r-x` for all | Only kernel and internal kernel thread. +`^` | Hat | `---` for all | `rx` on all domains. +`*` | Star | `rwx` for all | None + +<!-- section-note --> + +- The Hat label is Only for privileged system services (currently only + systemd-journal). Useful for backup or virus scans. No file with this label + should exist except in the debug log. + +- The Star label is used for device files or `/tmp` Access restriction managed + via **DAC**. Individual files remain protected by their **SMACK** label. + +<!-- end-section-note --> <!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Label` name | Recommendations +------------------ | ------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------- +Kernel-MAC-Floor-1 | `^` | Only for privileged system services. +Kernel-MAC-Floor-2 | `*` | Used for device files or `/tmp` Access restriction via DAC. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## System + +The _system_ domain includes a reduced set of core system services of the OS and +any associated data. This data may change at runtime. + +The following table details the _system_ domain: + +Label | Name | Execution **SMACK** | File Access **SMACK** +---------------- | --------- | ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------- +`System` | System | None | Privileged processes +`System::Run` | Run | `rwxatl` for User and System label | None +`System::Shared` | Shared | `rwxatl` for system domain `r-x` for User label | None +`System::Log` | Log | `rwa` for System label `xa` for user label | None +`System::Sub` | SubSystem | Subsystem Config files | SubSystem only + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Label` name | Recommendations +------------------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Kernel-MAC-System-1 | `System` | Process should write only to file with transmute attribute. +Kernel-MAC-System-2 | `System::run` | Files are created with the directory label from user and system domain (transmute) Lock is implicit with `w`. +Kernel-MAC-System-3 | `System::Shared` | Files are created with the directory label from system domain (transmute) User domain has locked privilege. +Kernel-MAC-System-4 | `System::Log` | Some limitation may impose to add `w` to enable append. +Kernel-MAC-System-5 | `System::Sub` | Isolation of risky Subsystem. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Applications, Services and User + +The _application_, _services_ and _user_ domain includes code that provides +services to the system and user, as well as any associated data. All code +running on this domain is under _Cynara_ control. + +The following table details the _application_, _services_ and _user_ domain: + +Label | Name | Execution **SMACK** | File Access **SMACK** +------------------- | ------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- +`User::Pkg::$AppID` | AppID | `rwx` (for files created by the App). `rx` for files installed by **AppFw** | $App runtime executing $App +`User::Home` | Home | `rwx-t` from System label `r-x-l` from App | None +`User::App-Shared` | Shared | `rwxat` from System and User domains label of $User | None + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Label` name | Recommendations +------------------- | ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Kernel-MAC-System-1 | `User::Pkg::$AppID` | Only one Label is allowed per App. A data directory is created by the AppFw in `rwx` mode. +Kernel-MAC-System-2 | `User::Home` | AppFw needs to create a directory in `/home/$USER/App-Shared` at first launch if not present with label app-data access is `User::App-Shared` without transmute. +Kernel-MAC-System-3 | `User::App-Shared` | Shared space between all App running for a given user. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +## Attack Vectors + +There are 4 major components to the system: + +- The LSM kernel module. +- The `smackfs` filesystem. +- Basic utilities for policy management and checking. +- The policy/configuration data. + +As with any mandatory access system, the policy management needs to be carefully separated +from the checking, as the management utilities can become a convenient point of attack. +Dynamic additions to the policy system need to be carefully verified, as the ability to +update the policies is often needed, but introduces a possible threat. Finally, +even if the policy management is well secured, the policy checking and failure response +to that checking is also of vital importance to the smooth operation of the system. + +While **MAC** is a certainly a step up in security when compared to DAC, there are still +many ways to compromise a SMACK-enabled Linux system. Some of these ways are as follows: + +- Disabling SMACK at invocation of the kernel (with command-line: security=none). +- Disabling SMACK in the kernel build and redeploying the kernel. +- Changing a SMACK attribute of a file or directory at install time. +- Tampering with a process with the CAP_MAC_ADMIN privilege. +- Setting/Re-setting the SMACK label of a file. +- Tampering with the default domains (i.e. /etc/smack/accesses.d/default-access-domains). +- Disabling or tampering with the SMACK filesystem (i.e. /smackfs). +- Adding policies with `smackload` (adding the utility if not present). +- Changing labels with `chsmack` (adding the utility if not present). diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/2-SystemD.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/2-SystemD.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35abe16 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/2-SystemD.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +# SystemD + +`afm-system-daemon` is used to: + +- Manage users and user sessions. +- Setup applications and services (_CGroups_, _namespaces_, autostart, permissions). +- Use of `libsystemd` for its programs (event management, **D-Bus** interface). + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +------------------ | -------------- | ------------------------------------ +Platform-SystemD-1 | Security model | Use Namespaces for containerization. +Platform-SystemD-2 | Security model | Use CGroups to organise processes. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +See [systemd integration and user management](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2017/AMM-Dresden/AGL-systemd.pdf) for more information. + +## Benefits + +- Removal of one privileged process: **afm-user-daemon** +- Access and use of high level features: + + - Socket activation. + - Management of users and integration of **PAM**. + - Dependency resolution to services. + - `Cgroups` and resource control. + - `Namespaces` containerization. + - Autostart of required API. + - Permissions and security settings. + - Network management. + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## CGroups + +Control Groups offer a lot of features, with the most useful ones you can +control: Memory usage, how much CPU time is allocated, how much device I/O is +allowed or which devices can be accessed. **SystemD** uses _CGroups_ to organise +processes (each service is a _CGroups_, and all processes started by that +service use that _CGroups_). By default, **SystemD** automatically creates a +hierarchy of slice, scope and service units to provide a unified structure for +the _CGroups_ tree. With the `systemctl` command, you can further modify this +structure by creating custom slices. Currently, in AGL, there are 2 slices +(**user.slice** and **system.slice**). + +## Namespaces + +### User side + +There are several ways of authenticating users (Key Radio Frequency, Phone, +Gesture, ...). Each authentication provides dynamic allocation of **uids** to +authenticated users. **Uids** is used to ensure privacy of users and **SMACK** +for applications privacy. + +First, the user initiates authentication with **PAM** activation. **PAM** +Standard offers highly configurable authentication with modular design like +face recognition, Voice identification or with a password. Then users should +access identity services with services and applications. diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/3-SystemBus.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/3-SystemBus.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2af387 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/3-SystemBus.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# D-Bus + +D-Bus is a well-known **IPC** (Inter-Process Communication) protocol (and +daemon) that helps applications to talk to each other. The use of D-Bus is great +because it allows to implement discovery and signaling. + +The D-Bus session is by default addressed by environment variable +`DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS`. Using **systemd** variable `DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS` +is automatically set for user sessions. D-Bus usage is linked to permissions. + +D-Bus has already had several [security issues](https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list/vendor_id-13442/D-bus-Project.html) +(mostly **DoS** issues), to allow applications to keep talking to each other. +It is important to protect against this type of attack to keep the system more +stable. + + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +--------------- | -------------- | ------------------------------------ +Platform-DBus-1 | Security model | Use D-Bus as IPC. +Platform-DBus-2 | Security model | Apply D-BUS security patches: [D-Bus CVE](https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list/vendor_id-13442/D-bus-Project.html) + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/4-Services.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/4-Services.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..013f693 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/4-Services.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# System services and daemons + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +------------------- | ----------- +Platform-Services-1 | SystemD ? +Platform-Services-2 | Secure daemon ? + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +## Tools + +- **connman**: An internet connection manager designed to be slim and to use as + few resources as possible. It is a fully modular system that can be extended, + through plug-ins, to support all kinds of wired or wireless technologies. +- **bluez** is a Bluetooth stack. Its goal is to program an implementation of + the Bluetooth wireless standards specifications. In addition to the basic stack, + the `bluez-utils` and `bluez-firmware` packages contain low level utilities such + as `dfutool` which can interrogate the Bluetooth adapter chipset in order to + determine whether its firmware can be upgraded. +- **gstreamer** is a pipeline-based multimedia framework. It can be used to build + a system that reads files in one format, processes them, and exports them in + another format. +- **alsa** is a software framework and part of the Linux kernel that provides an + **API** for sound card device drivers. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Tool` name | _State_ +-------------------- | ----------- | ------- +Platform-Utilities-1 | `connman` | _Used_ as a connection manager. +Platform-Utilities-2 | `bluez` | _Used_ as a Bluetooth manager. +Platform-Utilities-3 | `gstreamer` | _Used_ to manage multimedia file format. +Platform-Utilities-4 | `alsa` | _Used_ to provides an API for sound card device drivers. + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/5-AppFw.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/5-AppFw.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e92a0c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/5-AppFw.md @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ +# Application framework/model (**AppFw**) + +The AGL application framework consists of several inter-working parts: + +- **SMACK**: The kernel level **LSM** (**L**inux **S**ecurity **M**odule) that performs extended access control of the system. +- **Cynara**: the native gatekeeper daemon used for policy handling, updating to the database and policy checking. +- Security Manager: a master service, through which all security events are intended to take place. +- Several native application framework utilities: `afm-main-binding`, `afm-user-daemon`, `afm-system-daemon`. + +The application framework manages: + +- The applications and services management: Installing, Uninstalling, Listing, ... +- The life cycle of applications: Start -> (Pause, Resume) -> Stop. +- Events and signals propagation. +- Privileges granting and checking. +- API for interaction with applications. + +<!-- section-note --> + +- The **security model** refers to the security model used to ensure security + and to the tools that are provided for implementing that model. It's an + implementation detail that should not impact the layers above the application + framework. + +- The **security model** refers to how **DAC** (**D**iscretionary **A**ccess **C**ontrol), + **MAC** (Mandatory Access Control) and `Capabilities` are used by the system to + ensure security and privacy. It also includes features of reporting using + audit features and by managing logs and alerts. + +<!-- end-section-note --> + +The **AppFw** uses the security model to ensure the security and the privacy of +the applications that it manages. It must be compliant with the underlying +security model. But it should hide it to the applications. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +---------------------- | -------------- | -------------------------------- +Platform-AGLFw-AppFw-1 | Security model | Use the AppFw as Security model. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +See [AGL AppFw Privileges Management](http://docs.automotivelinux.org/docs/devguides/en/dev/reference/iotbzh2016/appfw/03-AGL-AppFW-Privileges-Management.pdf) and [AGL - Application Framework Documentation](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2017/SDK/AppFw-Documentation-v3.1.pdf) for more +information. + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +The Security Manager communicates policy information to **Cynara**, +which retains information in its own database in the format of a text +file with comma-separated values (CSV). There are provisions to retain +a copy of the CSV text file when the file is being updated. + +Runtime checking occurs through **Cynara**. Each application that is +added to the framework has its own instantiation of a SMACK context +and D-bus bindings. The afb_daemon and Binder form a web-service that +is communicated to through http or a websocket from the application-proper. +This http or websocket interface uses a standard unique web token for API communication. + + + +## Cynara + +There's a need for another mechanism responsible for checking applicative +permissions: Currently in AGL, this task depends on a policy-checker service +(**Cynara**). + +- Stores complex policies in databases. +- "Soft" security (access is checked by the framework). + +Cynara interact with **D-Bus** in order to deliver this information. + +Cynara consists of several parts: + +- Cynara: a daemon for controlling policies and responding to access control requests. +- Database: a spot to hold policies. +- Libraries: several static and dynamic libraries for communicating with Cynara. + +The daemon communicates to the libraries over Unix domain sockets. +The database storage format is a series of CSV-like files with an index file. + +There are several ways that an attacker can manipulate policies of the Cynara system: + +- Disable Cynara by killing the process. +- Tamper with the Cynara binary on-disk or in-memory. +- Corrupt the database controlled by Cynara. +- Tamper with the database controlled by Cynara. +- Highjack the communication between Cynara and the database. + +The text-based database is the weakest part of the system and although there are some +consistency mechanisms in place (i.e. the backup guard), these mechanisms are weak at best +and can be countered by an attacker very easily. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +----------------------- | ----------- | ------------------------------------- +Platform-AGLFw-Cynara-1 | Permissions | Use Cynara as policy-checker service. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +### Policies + +- Policy rules: + + - Are simple - for pair [application context, privilege] there is straight + answer (single Policy Type): [ALLOW / DENY / ...]. + - No code is executed (no script). + - Can be easily cached and managed. + +- Application context (describes id of the user and the application credentials) + It is build of: + + - UID of the user that runs the application. + - **SMACK** label of application. + +## Holding policies + +Policies are kept in buckets. Buckets are set of policies which have additional +a property of default answer, the default answer is yielded if no policy matches +searched key. Buckets have names which might be used in policies (for directions). + +## Attack Vectors + +The following attack vectors are not completely independent. While attackers may +have varying levels of access to an AGL system, experience has shown that a typical +attack can start with direct access to a system, find the vulnerabilities, +then proceed to automate the attack such that it can be invoked from less accessible +standpoint (e.g. remotely). Therefore, it is important to assess all threat levels, +and protect the system appropriately understanding that direct access attacks +are the door-way into remote attacks. + +### Remote Attacks + +The local web server interface used for applications is the first point of attack, +as web service APIs are well understood and easily intercepted. The local web server +could potentially be exploited by redirecting web requests through the local service +and exploiting the APIs. While there is the use of a security token on the web +service API, this is weak textual matching at best. This will not be difficult to spoof. +It is well known that [API Keys do not provide any real security](http://nordicapis.com/why-api-keys-are-not-enough/). + +It is likely that the architectural inclusion of an http / web-service interface +provided the most flexibility for applications to be written natively or in HTML5. +However, this flexibility may trade-off with security concerns. For example, +if a native application were linked directly to the underlying framework services, +there would be fewer concerns over remote attacks coming through the web-service interface. + +Leaving the interface as designed, mitigations to attacks could include further +securing the interface layer with cryptographic protocols: +e.g. encrypted information passing, key exchange (e.g. Elliptic-Curve Diffie-Hellman). + +### User-level Native Attacks + +- Modifying the CSV data-base +- Modifying the SQLite DB +- Tampering with the user-level binaries +- Tampering with the user daemons +- Spoofing the D-bus Interface +- Adding executables/libraries + +With direct access to the device, there are many security concerns on the native level. +For example, as **Cynara** uses a text file data-base with comma-separated values (CSV), +an attacker could simply modify the data-base to escalate privileges of an application. +Once a single application has all the privileges possible on the system, exploits can +come through in this manner. Similarly the SQLite database used by the Security Manager +is not much different than a simple text file. There are many tools available to add, +remove, modify entries in an SQLite data-base. + +On the next level, a common point of attack is to modify binaries or daemons for exploiting +functionality. There are many Linux tools available to aid in this regard, +including: [IDA Pro](https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/index.shtml), +and [radare2](https://rada.re/r/). With the ability to modify binaries, +an attacker can do any number of activities including: removing calls to security checks, +redirecting control to bypass verification functionality, ignoring security policy handling, +escalating privileges, etc. + +Additionally, another attack vector would be to spoof the D-bus interface. D-bus is a +message passing system built upon Inter-Process Communication (IPC), where structured +messages are passed based upon a protocol. The interface is generic and well documented. +Therefore, modifying or adding binaries/libraries to spoof this interface is a relatively +straight-forward process. Once the interface has been spoofed, the attacker can issue any +number of commands that lead into control of low-level functionality. + +Protecting a system from native attacks requires a methodical approach. First, the system +should reject processes that are not sanctioned to run. Signature-level verification at +installation time will help in this regard, but run-time integrity verification is much better. +Signatures need to originate from authorized parties, which is discussed further +in a later section on the Application Store. + +On the next level, executables should not be allowed to do things where they have not been +granted permission. DAC and SMACK policies can help in this regard. On the other hand, +there remain concerns with memory accesses, system calls, and other process activity +that may go undetected. For this reason, a secure environment which monitors all activity +can give indication of all unauthorized activity on the system. + +Finally, it is very difficult to catch attacks of direct tampering in a system. +These types of attacks require a defense-in-depth approach, where complementary software +protection and hardening techniques are needed. Tamper-resistance and anti-reverse-engineering +technologies include program transformations/obfuscation, integrity verification, +and white-box cryptography. If applied in a mutually-dependent fashion and considering +performance/security tradeoffs, the approach can provide an effective barrier +to direct attacks to the system. Furthermore, the use of threat monitoring provides a +valuable telemetry/analytics capability and the ability to react and renew a system under attack. + +### Root-level Native Attacks + +- Tampering the system daemon +- Tampering Cynara +- Tampering the security manager +- Disabling SMACK +- Tampering the kernel + +Once root-level access (i.e. su) has been achieved on the device, there are many ways +to compromise the system. The system daemon, **Cynara**, and the security manager are +vulnerable to tampering attacks. For example, an executable can be modified in memory +to jam a branch, jump to an address, or disregard a check. This can be as simple as replacing +a branch instruction with a NOP, changing a memory value, or using a debugger (e.g. gdb, IDA) +to change an instruction. Tampering these executables would mean that policies can be +ignored and verification checks can be bypassed. + +Without going so far as to tamper an executable, the **SMACK** system is also vulnerable to attack. +For example, if the kernel is stopped and restarted with the *security=none* flag, +then SMACK is not enabled. Furthermore, `systemd` starts the loading of **SMACK** rules during +start-up. If this start-up process is interfered with, then **SMACK** will not run. +Alternatively, new policies can be added with `smackload` allowing unforseen privileges +to alternative applications/executables. + +Another intrusion on the kernel level is to rebuild the kernel (as it is open-source) +and replace it with a copy that has **SMACK** disabled, or even just the **SMACK** filesystem +(`smackfs`) disabled. Without the extended label attributes, the **SMACK** system is disabled. + +Root-level access to the device has ultimate power, where the entire system can be compromised. +More so, a system with this level access allows an attacker to craft a simpler *point-attack* +which can operate on a level requiring fewer privileges (e.g. remote access, user-level access). + +## Vulnerable Resources + +### Resource: `afm-user-daemon` + +The `afm-user-daemon` is in charge of handling applications on behalf of a user. Its main tasks are: + +- Enumerate applications that the end user can run and keep this list available on demand. +- Start applications on behalf of the end user, set user running environment, set user security context. +- List current runnable or running applications. +- Stop (aka pause), continue (aka resume), terminate a running instance of a given application. +- Transfer requests for installation/uninstallation of applications to the corresponding system daemon afm-system-daemon. + +The `afm-user-daemon` launches applications. It builds a secure environment for the application +before starting it within that environment. Different kinds of applications can be launched, +based on a configuration file that describes how to launch an application of a given kind within +a given launching mode: local or remote. Launching an application locally means that +the application and its binder are launched together. Launching an application remotely +translates in only launching the application binder. + +The UI by itself has to be activated remotely by a request (i.e. HTML5 homescreen in a browser). +Once launched, running instances of the application receive a `runid` that identifies them. +`afm-user-daemon` manages the list of applications that it has launched. +When owning the right permissions, a client can get the list of running instances and details +about a specific running instance. It can also terminate, stop or continue a given application. +If the client owns the right permissions, `afm-user-daemon` delegates the task of +installing and uninstalling applications to `afm-system-daemon`. + +`afm-user-daemon` is launched as a `systemd` service attached to a user session. +Normally, the service file is located at /usr/lib/systemd/user/afm-user-daemon.service. + +Attacker goals: + +- Disable `afm-user-daemon`. +- Tamper with the `afm-user-daemon` configuration. + - /usr/lib/systemd/user/afm-user-daemon.service. + - Application(widget) config.xml file. + - /etc/afm/afm-launch.conf (launcher configuration). + +- Escalate user privileges to gain more access with `afm-user-daemon`. +- Install malicious application (widget). +- Tamper with `afm-user-daemon` on disk or in memory. + +### Resource: `afm-system-daemon` + +The `afm-system-daemon` is in charge of installing applications on the AGL system. Its main tasks are: + +- Install applications and setup security framework for newly installed applications. +- Uninstall applications. + +`afm-system-daemon` is launched as a `systemd` service attached to system. Normally, +the service file is located at /lib/systemd/system/afm-systemdaemon.service. + +Attacker goals: + +- Disable `afm-system-daemon`. +- Tamper with the `afm-system-daemon` configuration. +- Tamper `afm-system-daemon` on disk or in memory. + +### Resource `afb-daemon` + +`afb-binder` is in charge of serving resources and features through an HTTP interface. +`afb-daemon` is in charge of binding one instance of an application to the AGL framework +and AGL system. The application and its companion binder run in a secured and isolated +environment set for them. Applications are intended to access to AGL system through the binder. +`afb-daemon` binders serve files through HTTP protocol and offers developers the capability +to expose application API methods through HTTP or WebSocket protocol. + +Binder bindings are used to add APIs to `afb-daemon`. The user can write a binding for `afb-daemon`. +The binder `afb-daemon` serves multiple purposes: + +1. It acts as a gateway for the application to access the system. +2. It acts as an HTTP server for serving files to HTML5 applications. +3. It allows HTML5 applications to have native extensions subject to security enforcement for accessing hardware resources or for speeding up parts of algorithm. + +Attacker goals: + +- Break from isolation. +- Disable `afb-daemon`. +- Tamper `afb-demon` on disk or in memory. +- Tamper **capabilities** by creating/installing custom bindings for `afb-daemon`.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/6-Utilities.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/6-Utilities.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..309cbc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/6-Utilities.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# Utilities + +- **busybox**: Software that provides several stripped-down Unix tools in a + single executable file. Of course, it will be necessary to use a "production" + version of **busybox** in order to avoid all the tools useful only in + development mode. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Tool` name | _State_ +-------------------- | ----------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +Platform-Utilities-1 | `busybox` | _Used_ to provide a number of tools. Do not compile development tools. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +## Functionalities to exclude in production mode + +In production mode, a number of tools must be disabled to prevent an attacker +from finding logs for example. This is useful to limit the visible surface and +thus complicate the fault finding process. The tools used only in development +mode are marked by an '**agl-devel**' feature. When building in production mode, +these tools will not be compiled. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Utility` name and normal `path` | _State_ +--------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------- +Platform-Utilities-1 | `chgrp` in `/bin/chgrp` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-2 | `chmod` in `/bin/chmod` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-3 | `chown` in `/bin/chown` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-4 | `dmesg` in `/bin/dmesg` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-5 | `Dnsdomainname` in `/bin/dnsdomainname` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-6 | `dropbear`, Remove "dropbear" from `/etc/init.d/rcs` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-7 | `Editors` in (vi) `/bin/vi` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-8 | `find` in `/bin/find` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-9 | `gdbserver` in `/bin/gdbserver` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-10 | `hexdump` in `/bin/hexdump` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-11 | `hostname` in `/bin/hostname` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-12 | `install` in `/bin/install` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-13 | `iostat` in `/bin/iostat` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-14 | `killall` in `/bin/killall` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-15 | `klogd` in `/sbin/klogd` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-16 | `logger` in `/bin/logger` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-17 | `lsmod` in `/sbin/lsmod` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-18 | `pmap` in `/bin/pmap` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-19 | `ps` in `/bin/ps` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-20 | `ps` in `/bin/ps` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-21 | `rpm` in `/bin/rpm` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-22 | `SSH` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-23 | `stbhotplug` in `/sbin/stbhotplug` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-24 | `strace` in `/bin/trace` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-25 | `su` in `/bin/su` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-26 | `syslogd` in (logger) `/bin/logger` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-27 | `top` in `/bin/top` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-28 | `UART` in `/proc/tty/driver/` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-29 | `which` in `/bin/which` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-30 | `who` and `whoami` in `/bin/whoami` | _Disabled_ +Platform-Utilities-31 | `awk` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-32 | `cut` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-33 | `df` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-34 | `echo` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-35 | `fdisk` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-36 | `grep` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-37 | `mkdir` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-38 | `mount` (vfat) (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-39 | `printf` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-40 | `sed` in `/bin/sed` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-41 | `tail` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-42 | `tee` (busybox) | _Enabled_ +Platform-Utilities-43 | `test` (busybox) | _Enabled_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> <!-- section-note --> + +The _Enabled_ Unix/Linux utilities above shall be permitted as they are often +used in the start-up scripts and for USB logging. If any of these utilities are +not required by the device then those should be removed. + +<!-- end-section-note --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/7-Users.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/7-Users.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af5a686 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/7-Users.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +# Users + +The user policy can group users by function within the car. For example, we can +consider a driver and his passengers. Each user is assigned to a single group to +simplify the management of space security. + +## Root Access + +The main applications, those that provide the principal functionality of the +embedded device, should not execute with root identity or any capability. + +If the main application is allowed to execute at any capability, then the entire +system is at the mercy of the said application's good behaviour. Problems arise +when an application is compromised and able to execute commands which could +consistently and persistently compromise the system by implanting rogue +applications. + +It is suggested that the middleware and the UI should run in a context on a user +with no capability and all persistent resources should be maintained without any +capability. + +One way to ensure this is by implementing a server-client paradigm. Services +provided by the system's drivers can be shared this way. The other advantage of +this approach is that multiple applications can share the same resources at the +same time. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +--------------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- +Platform-Users-root-1 | Main application | Should not execute as root. +Platform-Users-root-2 | UI | Should run in a context on a user with no capability. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +Root access should not be allowed for the following utilities: + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | `Utility` name | _State_ +--------------------- | -------------- | ------------- +Platform-Users-root-3 | `login` | _Not allowed_ +Platform-Users-root-4 | `su` | _Not allowed_ +Platform-Users-root-5 | `ssh` | _Not allowed_ +Platform-Users-root-6 | `scp` | _Not allowed_ +Platform-Users-root-7 | `sftp` | _Not allowed_ + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +Root access should not be allowed for the console device. The development +environment should allow users to login with pre-created user accounts. + +Switching to elevated privileges shall be allowed in the development environment +via `sudo`. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Capabilities + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +----------------------------- | ------------------------ +Platform-Users-Capabilities-1 | Kernel or Platform-user? +Platform-Users-Capabilities-2 | Add config note. + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +The goal is to restrict functionality that will not be useful in **AGL**. They +are integrated into the **LSM**. Each privileged transaction is associated with +a capability. These capabilities are divided into three groups: + +- e: Effective: This means the capability is “activated”. +- p: Permitted: This means the capability can be used/is allowed. +- i: Inherited: The capability is kept by child/subprocesses upon execve() for example. diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/App-flow.png b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/App-flow.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b87c29 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-5/App-flow.png diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/0_Abstract.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/0_Abstract.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3617dbd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/0_Abstract.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Part 6 - Application + +## Abstract + +**Application Hardening**: Best practices to apply to the build and release of +user space applications, in order to reduce the number of attack surfaces used +by potential attackers. + +The term of Application (App) has a very wide definition in **AGL**. Almost +anything which is not in the core Operating System (OS) is an Application. +Applications can be included in the base software package (image) or can be +added at run-time. + +Application containment is achieved using the following protections: + +- Linux Native protection + - Mandatory Access Control (**MAC**) +- AGL Platform protections + - Origin Tracking and Validation + - Application Privilege Management and Enforcement via Cynara + - Authenticated Transport via D-Bus + +## Application Types + +AGL provides a framework for applications to be written in different forms: + +- Web application: HTML5 + JavaScript +- Qt application: in a QML file +- Native application: in C + +While there is no harm in providing multiple types of applications, from a +security perspective this does increase the attack surface for an intruder. +The application framework (**AppFw**) consists of a number of utilities and +daemons which provide context for the applications. +Isolation is provided through **SMACK** labels. + +## Application Store + +Although the Tizen system has defined a [system of App signing and signing flow](https://wiki.tizen.org/Security/Tizen_3.X_Overview#Application_Singing_and_Certificates) +to avoid the spread of unauthorized Apps that might contain malware. +At this point, it is unclear how much of this flow AGL will adopt. +However, judging from the experience, it is an essential topic. For example, +the Google Play Store controls the authorization of Apps through signing, and still, +there are [many accounts of Apps containing malware on the store](http://www.eweek.com/mobile/researchers-find-132-malware-infected-android-apps-on-google-play). + +Tizen defines 5 levels of certificates and signing at each level, including an author, +testing distributor, public level store distributor, partner level store distributor, +and platform level store distributor. AGL may define a different number of third parties, +but at a minimum an author and store distributor should be defined. + + + +Once the number of signatures has been established, verification of those signatures needs +to be done at a minimum at installation time on the AGL device. It is important to ensure +the robustness/integrity of the public key used for signature verification. If the public key is modified, +then this compromised key can be used to verify an attacker's private key signature. + +Further to this, installation-time verification is limited. Attacks can happen to apps in-memory +at runtime. Any modifications made after installation will be missed by installation-time verification. +Integrity verification that runs during execution makes for a more complete security story. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Acronyms and Abbreviations + +The following table lists the terms utilized within this part of the document. + +Acronyms or Abbreviations | Description +------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- +_3GPP_ | **3**rd **G**eneration **P**artnership **P**roject +_CASB_ | **C**loud **A**ccess **S**ecurity **B**roker +_DAST_ | **D**ynamic **A**pplication **S**ecurity **T**esting +_DPI_ | **D**eep **P**acket **I**nspection +_IDS_ | **I**ntrusion **D**etection **S**ystems +_IPS_ | **I**ntrusion **P**revention **S**ystems +_IPSec_ | **I**nternet **P**rotocol **Sec**urity +_LSM_ | **L**inux **S**ecurity **M**odule +_MITM_ | **M**an **I**n **T**he **M**iddle +_OSI_ | **O**pen **S**ystems **I**nterconnection +_SATS_ | **S**tatic **A**pplication **S**ecurity **T**esting diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/1-Installation.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/1-Installation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2972ce --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/1-Installation.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Local + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +-------------------------- | ------------------------------ +Application-Installation-1 | Talk about AppFw offline mode. + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +## Installation + +Applications can be delivered and installed with the base image using a special +offline-mode provided by the **AppFw**. Apps can also be installed at run time. + +<!-- section-note --> + +During early release, default Apps are installed on the image at first boot. + +<!-- end-section-note --> + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +-------------------------- | --------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- +Application-Installation-1 | AppFw | Provide offline-mode in order to install app with the base image. +Application-Installation-2 | Integrity | Allow the installation of applications only if their integrity is good. + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/2-PrivilegeManagement.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/2-PrivilegeManagement.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f2455a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/2-PrivilegeManagement.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Local + +## Privilege Management + +Application privileges are managed by **Cynara** and the security manager in +the **AppFw**. For more details, please refer to the **AppFw** documentation +in Platform part. diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/3-Signature.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/3-Signature.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7b48db --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/3-Signature.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# App Signature + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- +Application-Signature-1 | Add content (see secure build in Secure development part). + +<!-- end-section-todo --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/4-Services.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/4-Services.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0414f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/4-Services.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Services + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +---------------------- | ------------ +Application-Services-1 | Add content (Which services?). +Application-Services-2 | Add Binder. + +<!-- end-section-todo --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/App_signing_flow.png b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/App_signing_flow.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..56a7c23 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-6/App_signing_flow.png diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/0_Abstract.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/0_Abstract.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7acbe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/0_Abstract.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +# Part 7 - Connectivity + +## Abstract + +This part shows different Connectivity attacks on the car. + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +----------------------- | ----------------- +Connectivity-Abstract-1 | Improve abstract. + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Acronyms and Abbreviations + +The following table lists the terms utilized within this part of the document. + +Acronyms or Abbreviations | Description +------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +_ARP_ | **A**ddress **R**esolution **P**rotocol +_BLE_ | **B**luetooth **L**ow **E**nergy +_CAN_ | **C**ar **A**rea **N**etwork +_CCMP_ | **C**ounter-Mode/**C**BC-**M**ac **P**rotocol +_EDGE_ | **E**nhanced **D**ata **R**ates for **GSM** **E**volution - Evolution of **GPRS** +_GEA_ | **G**PRS **E**ncryption **A**lgorithm +_GPRS_ | **G**eneral **P**acket **R**adio **S**ervice (2,5G, 2G+) +_GSM_ | **G**lobal **S**ystem for **M**obile Communications (2G) +_HSPA_ | **H**igh **S**peed **P**acket **A**ccess (3G+) +_IMEI_ | **I**nternational **M**obile **E**quipment **I**dentity +_LIN_ | **L**ocal **I**nterconnect **N**etwork +_MOST_ | **M**edia **O**riented **S**ystem **T**ransport +_NFC_ | **N**ear **F**ield **C**ommunication +_OBD_ | **O**n-**B**oard **D**iagnostics +_PATS_ | **P**assive **A**nti-**T**heft **S**ystem +_PKE_ | **P**assive **K**eyless **E**ntry +_PSK_ | **P**hase-**S**hift **K**eying +_RDS_ | **R**adio **D**ata **S**ystem +_RFID_ | **R**adio **F**requency **I**dentification +_RKE_ | **R**emote **K**eyless **E**ntry +_SDR_ | **S**oftware **D**efined **R**adio +_SSP_ | **S**ecure **S**imple **P**airing +_TKIP_ | **T**emporal **K**ey **I**ntegrity **P**rotocol +_TPMS_ | **T**ire **P**ressure **M**onitoring **S**ystem +_UMTS_ | **U**niversal **M**obile **T**elecommunications **S**ystem (3G) +_USB_ | **U**niversal **S**erial **B**us +_WEP_ | **W**ired **E**quivalent **P**rivacy +_WPA_ | **W**ifi **P**rotected **A**ccess diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/1-BusAndConnectors.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/1-BusAndConnectors.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5ab9ab8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/1-BusAndConnectors.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +# Bus + +We only speak about the **CAN** bus to take an example, because the different +attacks on bus like _FlewRay_, _ByteFlight_, _Most_ and _Lin_ use retro +engineering and the main argument to improve their security is to encrypt data +packets. We just describe them a bit: + +- **CAN**: Controller Area Network, developed in the early 1980s, is an + event-triggered controller network for serial communication with data rates + up to one MBit/s. **CAN** messages are classified over their respective + identifier. **CAN** controller broadcast their messages to all connected nodes + and all receiving nodes decide independently if they process the message. +- **FlewRay**: Is a deterministic and error-tolerant high-speed bus. With a data + rate up to 10 MBit/s. +- **ByteFlight**: Is used for safety-critical applications in motor vehicles + like air-bags. Byteflight runs at 10Mbps over 2 or 3 wires plastic optical + fibers. +- **Most**: Media Oriented System Transport, is used for transmitting audio, + video, voice, and control data via fiber optic cables. The speed is, for the + synchronous way, up to 24 MBit/s and asynchronous way up to 14 MBit/s. + **MOST** messages include always a clear sender and receiver address. +- **LIN**: Local Interconnect Network, is a single-wire subnet work for + low-cost, serial communication between smart sensors and actuators with + typical data rates up to 20 kBit/s. It is intended to be used from the year + 2001 on everywhere in a car, where the bandwidth and versatility of a **CAN** + network is not required. + +On just about every vehicle, **ECU**s (**E**lectronic **C**ontrol **U**nits) +communicate over a CAN bus, which is a two-wire bus using hardware arbitration +for messages sent on the shared medium. This is essentially a *trusted* network +where all traffic is visible to all controllers and any controller can send any message. + +A malicious **ECU** on the CAN bus can easily inject messages destined for any +other device, including things like the instrument cluster and the head unit. +There are common ways for hardware to do USB to CAN and open source software to send +and receive messages. For example, there is a driver included in the Linux kernel +that can be used to send/receive CAN signals. A malicious device on the CAN bus can +cause a great number of harmful things to happen to the system, including: sending +bogus information to other devices, sending unintended commands to ECUs, +causing DOS (Denial Of Service) on the CAN bus, etc. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +---------------------------------- | --------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Connectivity-BusAndConnector-Bus-1 | CAN | Implement hardware solution in order to prohibit sending unwanted signals. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +See [Security in Automotive Bus Systems](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.92.728&rep=rep1&type=pdf) for more information. + +# Connectors + +For the connectors, we supposed that they were disabled by default. For example, +the **USB** must be disabled to avoid attacks like BadUSB. If not, configure the +Kernel to only enable the minimum require **USB** devices. The connectors used +to diagnose the car like **OBD-II** must be disabled outside garages. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +----------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +Connectivity-BusAndConnector-Connectors-1 | USB | Must be disabled. If not, only enable the minimum require USB devices. +Connectivity-BusAndConnector-Connectors-2 | USB | Confidential data exchanged with the ECU over USB must be secure. +Connectivity-BusAndConnector-Connectors-3 | USB | USB Boot on a ECU must be disable. +Connectivity-BusAndConnector-Connectors-4 | OBD-II | Must be disabled outside garages. + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/2-Wireless.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/2-Wireless.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3fda8b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/2-Wireless.md @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +# Wireless + +In this part, we talk about possible remote attacks on a car, according to the +different areas of possible attacks. For each communication channels, we +describe attacks and how to prevent them with some recommendations. The main +recommendation is to always follow the latest updates of these remote +communication channels. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +----------------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------ +Connectivity-Wireless-1 | Update | Always follow the latest updates of remote communication channels. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +We will see the following parts: + +- [Wifi](#wifi) + +- [Bluetooth](#bluetooth) + +- [Cellular](#cellular) + +- [Radio](#radio) + +- [NFC](#nfc) + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +----------------------- | ------------------------------------------- +Connectivity-Wireless-1 | Add communication channels (RFID, ZigBee?). + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +For existing automotive-specific means, we take examples of existing system +attacks from the _IOActive_ document ([A Survey of Remote Automotive Attack Surfaces](https://www.ioactive.com/pdfs/IOActive_Remote_Attack_Surfaces.pdf)) +and from the ETH document ([Relay Attacks on Passive Keyless Entry and Start Systems in Modern Cars](https://eprint.iacr.org/2010/332.pdf)). + +- [Telematics](https://www.ioactive.com/pdfs/IOActive_Remote_Attack_Surfaces.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A40%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2C60%2C720%2C0%5D) + +- [Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)](https://www.ioactive.com/pdfs/IOActive_Remote_Attack_Surfaces.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A11%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2C60%2C574%2C0%5D) + +- [Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)](https://www.ioactive.com/pdfs/IOActive_Remote_Attack_Surfaces.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A17%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2C60%2C720%2C0%5D) + +- [Remote Keyless Entry/Start (RKE)](https://www.ioactive.com/pdfs/IOActive_Remote_Attack_Surfaces.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A26%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2C60%2C720%2C0%5D) + +- [Passive Keyless Entry (PKE)](https://eprint.iacr.org/2010/332.pdf) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Wifi + +### Attacks + +We can differentiate existing attacks on wifi in two categories: Those on +**WEP** and those on **WPA**. + +- **WEP** attacks: + + - **FMS**: (**F**luhrer, **M**antin and **S**hamir attack) is a "Stream cipher + attack on the widely used RC4 stream cipher. The attack allows an attacker + to recover the key in an RC4 encrypted stream from a large number of + messages in that stream." + - **KoreK**: "Allows the attacker to reduce the key space". + - **PTW**: (**P**yshkin **T**ews **W**einmann attack). + - **Chopchop**: Found by KoreK, "Weakness of the CRC32 checksum and the lack + of replay protection." + - **Fragmentation** + +- **WPA** attacks: + + - **Beck and Tews**: Exploit weakness in **TKIP**. "Allow the attacker to + decrypt **ARP** packets and to inject traffic into a network, even + allowing him to perform a **DoS** or an **ARP** poisoning". + - [KRACK](https://github.com/kristate/krackinfo): (K)ey (R)einstallation + (A)tta(ck) ([jira AGL SPEC-1017](https://jira.automotivelinux.org/browse/SPEC-1017)). + +### Recommendations + +- Do not use **WEP**, **PSK** and **TKIP**. + +- Use **WPA2** with **CCMP**. + +- Should protect data sniffing. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Tech name or object | Recommendations +---------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Connectivity-Wireless-Wifi-1 | WEP, PSK, TKIP | Disabled +Connectivity-Wireless-Wifi-2 | WPA2 and AES-CCMP | Used +Connectivity-Wireless-Wifi-3 | WPA2 | Should protect data sniffing. +Connectivity-Wireless-Wifi-4 | PSK | Changing regularly the password. +Connectivity-Wireless-Wifi-5 | Device | Upgraded easily in software or firmware to have the last security update. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +See [Wifi attacks WEP WPA](https://matthieu.io/dl/wifi-attacks-wep-wpa.pdf) +and [Breaking wep and wpa (Beck and Tews)](https://dl.aircrack-ng.org/breakingwepandwpa.pdf) +for more information. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Bluetooth + +### Attacks + +- **Bluesnarfing** attacks involve an attacker covertly gaining access to your + Bluetooth-enabled device for the purpose of retrieving information, including + addresses, calendar information or even the device's **I**nternational + **M**obile **E**quipment **I**dentity. With the **IMEI**, an attacker could + route your incoming calls to his cell phone. +- **Bluebugging** is a form of Bluetooth attack often caused by a lack of + awareness. Similar to bluesnarfing, bluebugging accesses and uses all phone + features but is limited by the transmitting power of class 2 Bluetooth radios, + normally capping its range at 10-15 meters. +- **Bluejacking** is the sending of unsolicited messages. +- **BLE**: **B**luetooth **L**ow **E**nergy [attacks](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/woot13/woot13-ryan.pdf). +- **DoS**: Drain a device's battery or temporarily paralyze the phone. + +### Recommendations + +- Not allowing Bluetooth pairing attempts without the driver's first manually + placing the vehicle in pairing mode. +- Monitoring. +- Use **BLE** with caution. +- For v2.1 and later devices using **S**ecure **S**imple **P**airing (**SSP**), + avoid using the "Just Works" association model. The device must verify that + an authenticated link key was generated during pairing. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +--------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ +Connectivity-Wireless-Bluetooth-1 | BLE | Use with caution. +Connectivity-Wireless-Bluetooth-2 | Bluetooth | Monitoring +Connectivity-Wireless-Bluetooth-3 | SSP | Avoid using the "Just Works" association model. +Connectivity-Wireless-Bluetooth-4 | Visibility | Configured by default as undiscoverable. Except when needed. +Connectivity-Wireless-Bluetooth-5 | Anti-scanning | Used, inter alia, to slow down brute force attacks. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +See [Low energy and the automotive transformation](http://www.ti.com/lit/wp/sway008/sway008.pdf), +[Gattacking Bluetooth Smart Devices](http://gattack.io/whitepaper.pdf), +[Comprehensive Experimental Analyses of Automotive Attack Surfaces](http://www.autosec.org/pubs/cars-usenixsec2011.pdf) +and [With Low Energy comes Low Security](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/woot13/woot13-ryan.pdf) +for more information. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## Cellular + +### Attacks + +- **IMSI-Catcher**: Is a telephone eavesdropping device used for intercepting + mobile phone traffic and tracking location data of mobile phone users. + Essentially a "fake" mobile tower acting between the target mobile phone and + the service provider's real towers, it is considered a man-in-the-middle + (**MITM**) attack. + +- Lack of mutual authentication (**GPRS**/**EDGE**) and encryption with **GEA0**. + +- **Fall back** from **UMTS**/**HSPA** to **GPRS**/**EDGE** (Jamming against + **UMTS**/**HSPA**). + +- 4G **DoS** attack. + +### Recommendations + +- Check antenna legitimacy. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +-------------------------------- | --------- | -------------------------- +Connectivity-Wireless-Cellular-1 | GPRS/EDGE | Avoid +Connectivity-Wireless-Cellular-2 | UMTS/HSPA | Protected against Jamming. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +See [A practical attack against GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/HSPA mobile data communications](https://media.blackhat.com/bh-dc-11/Perez-Pico/BlackHat_DC_2011_Perez-Pico_Mobile_Attacks-wp.pdf) +for more information. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Radio + +### Attacks + +- Interception of data with low cost material (**SDR** with hijacked DVB-T/DAB + for example). + +### Recommendations + +- Use the **R**adio **D**ata **S**ystem (**RDS**) only to send signals for audio + output and meta concerning radio. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +----------------------------- | --------- | -------------------------------------------- +Connectivity-Wireless-Radio-1 | RDS | Only audio output and meta concerning radio. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +## NFC + +### Attacks + +- **MITM**: Relay and replay attack. + +### Recommendations + +- Should implements protection against relay and replay attacks (Tokens, etc...). +- Disable unneeded and unapproved services and profiles. +- NFC should be use encrypted link (secure channel). A standard key agreement + protocol like Diffie-Hellmann based on RSA or Elliptic Curves could be applied + to establish a shared secret between two devices. +- Automotive NFC device should be certified by NFC forum entity: The NFC Forum + Certification Mark shows that products meet global interoperability standards. +- NFC Modified Miller coding is preferred over NFC Manchester coding. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Tech name | Recommendations +--------------------------- | --------- | ------------------------------------------------------ +Connectivity-Wireless-NFC-1 | NFC | Protected against relay and replay attacks. +Connectivity-Wireless-NFC-2 | Device | Disable unneeded and unapproved services and profiles. + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/3-Cloud.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/3-Cloud.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec7edea --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-7/3-Cloud.md @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +# Cloud + +## Download + +- **authentication**: Authentication is the security process that validates the + claimed identity of a device, entity or person, relying on one or more + characteristics bound to that device, entity or person. + +- **Authorization**: Parses the network to allow access to some or all network +functionality by providing rules and allowing access or denying access based +on a subscriber's profile and services purchased. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +---------------------------- | -------------- | -------------------------------------- +Application-Cloud-Download-1 | authentication | Must implement authentication process. +Application-Cloud-Download-2 | Authorization | Must implement Authorization process. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Infrastructure + +- **Deep Packet Inspection**: **DPI** provides techniques to analyze the payload + of each packet, adding an extra layer of security. **DPI** can detect and + neutralize attacks that would be missed by other security mechanisms. + +- A **DoS** protection in order to avoid that the Infrastructure is no more + accessible for a period of time. + +- **Scanning tools** such as **SATS** and **DAST** assessments perform + vulnerability scans on the source code and data flows on web applications. + Many of these scanning tools run different security tests that stress + applications under certain attack scenarios to discover security issues. + +- **IDS & IPS**: **IDS** detect and log inappropriate, incorrect, or anomalous + activity. **IDS** can be located in the telecommunications networks and/or + within the host server or computer. Telecommunications carriers build + intrusion detection capability in all network connections to routers and + servers, as well as offering it as a service to enterprise customers. Once + **IDS** systems have identified an attack, **IPS** ensures that malicious + packets are blocked before they cause any harm to backend systems and + networks. **IDS** typically functions via one or more of three systems: + + 1. Pattern matching. + 2. Anomaly detection. + 3. Protocol behavior. + +<!-- pagebreak --> + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +---------------------------------- | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- +Application-Cloud-Infrastructure-1 | Packet | Should implement a DPI. +Application-Cloud-Infrastructure-2 | DoS | Must implement a DoS protection. +Application-Cloud-Infrastructure-3 | Test | Should implement scanning tools like SATS and DAST. +Application-Cloud-Infrastructure-4 | Log | Should implement security tools (IDS and IPS). +Application-Cloud-Infrastructure-5 | App integrity | Applications must be signed by the code signing authority. + +<!-- end-section-config --> + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Transport + +For data transport, it is necessary to **encrypt data end-to-end**. To prevent **MITM** attacks, +no third party should be able to interpret transported data. Another aspect +is the data anonymization in order to protect the leakage of private information +on the user or any other third party. + +The use of standards such as **IPSec** provides "_private and secure +communications over IP networks, through the use of cryptographic security +services, is a set of protocols using algorithms to transport secure data over +an IP network._". In addition, **IPSec** operates at the network layer of the +**OSI** model, contrary to previous standards that operate at the application +layer. This makes its application independent and means that users do not need +to configure each application to **IPSec** standards. + +**IPSec** provides the services below : + +- Confidentiality: A service that makes it impossible to interpret data if it is + not the recipient. It is the encryption function that provides this service by + transforming intelligible (unencrypted) data into unintelligible (encrypted) + data. +- Authentication: A service that ensures that a piece of data comes from where + it is supposed to come from. +- Integrity: A service that consists in ensuring that data has not been tampered + with accidentally or fraudulently. +- Replay Protection: A service that prevents attacks by re-sending a valid + intercepted packet to the network for the same authorization. + This service is provided by the presence of a sequence number. +- Key management: Mechanism for negotiating the length of encryption keys + between two **IPSec** elements and exchange of these keys. + +An additional means of protection would be to do the monitoring between users +and the cloud as a **CASB** will provide. + +<!-- section-config --> + +Domain | Object | Recommendations +----------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- +Application-Cloud-Transport-1 | Integrity, confidentiality and legitimacy | Should implement IPSec standards. + +<!-- end-section-config --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-8/0_Abstract.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-8/0_Abstract.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e438e65 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-8/0_Abstract.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +# Part 8 - Update (**OTA**) + +## Abstract + +Updating applications and firmware is essential for the development of new +features and even more to fix security bugs. +However, if a malicious third party manages to alter the content during +transport, it could +alter the functioning of the system and/or applications. The security of the +updates is therefore a critical point to evaluate in order to guarantee the +integrity, the confidentiality and the legitimacy of the transmitted data. + +## Attack Vectors + +Updates Over The Air are one of the most common points where an attacker +will penetrate. An OTA update mechanism is one of the highest threats in the system. +If an attacker is able to install his own application or firmware on the system, +he can get the same level of access that the original application or firmware had. +From that point, the intruder can get unfettered access to the rest of the system, +which might include making modifications, downloading other pieces of software, +and stealing assets. + +### Man In The Middle (MITM) + +The man-in-the-middle attack is the most classic example of an attack, where an adversary +inserts himself between two communicating entities and grabs whatever is being communicated. +In the case of OTA attacks, the connection in the network may be intercepted: + +* On the internet, before the cloud back-end. +* At the base station, 3G,4G,5G connection to the internet. +* At the receiving antenna, connection to the car. +* Between the receiving antenna and the gateway router (if present), connection within the car. +* Between the gateway router and the target component (IVI, In-Vehicle Infotainment unit). + +There are many ways to mount a MITM attack. For example, proxy tools like Burp Proxy can +be used to intercept web traffic as a man-in-the-middle. Under the guise of being a testing tool, +the proxy server is often used in attack scenarios. It runs on a variety of platforms. + +As another example, false base station attacks are known to be fairly easy to set-up. +The problem is apparently fairly prevalent in countries like China and in the UK. +These fake base stations are sometimes just eavesdropping on the communication, +but others have the potential to do serious harm. + +Defenses against MITM attacks include encrypted and signed data pipes. Furthermore, +architects and developers are also recommended to encrypt and sign the payloads that are +being passed over these pipes, to defend against perusal of the data. + +### Man At The End (MATE) + +The man-at-the-end attack is when an intruder analyzes the end-point of the communication when +software is accessing the data communication. This is a more severe attack type where the attacker can: + +* Steal keys. + * For example, a simple debugging session in running software could reveal a key used in memory. +* Tamper software. + * For example, replacing just one function call in software with a NOP (i.e. no operation) can drastically change the behavior of the program. +* Jam branches of control. + * For example, making a program take one branch of control rather than the intended branch can mean the difference between an authorized and a non-authorized installation. +* Modify important data. + * For example, if the data changed is a key or data leading to a control path, then this attack can be severe. + * In the case of OTA updates, MATE attacks are particularly problematic for the system. One of the consequences of MATE attacks can be installed software that allows installation of any other software. For example, an attacker might install remote access software to control any part of the system. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +## Acronyms and Abbreviations + +The following table lists the terms utilized within this part of the document. + +Acronyms or Abbreviations | Description +------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- +_FOTA_ | **F**irmware **O**ver **T**he **A**ir +_MATE_ | **M**an **A**t **T**he **E**nd +_MITM_ | **M**an **I**n **T**he **M**iddle +_OTA_ | **O**ver **T**he **A**ir +_SOTA_ | **S**oftware **O**ver **T**he **A**ir +_TUF_ | **T**he **U**pdate **F**ramework diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-8/1-FOTA.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-8/1-FOTA.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d7f58e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-8/1-FOTA.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +# Firmware Over The Air + +The firmware update is critical since its alteration back to compromise the +entire system. It is therefore necessary to take appropriate protective measures. + +AGL includes the _meta-updater_ Yocto layer that enables OTA software +updates via [Uptane](https://uptane.github.io), an automotive-specific extension +to [The Update Framework](https://theupdateframework.github.io/). Uptane and TUF +are open standards that define a secure protocol for delivering and verifying +updates even when the servers and network--internet and car-internal--aren't fully trusted. + +_meta-updater_ includes the application [`aktualizr`](https://github.com/advancedtelematic/aktualizr), +developed Advanced Telematic Systems (now part of HERE Technologies) that enables +OTA for an ECU. `aktualizr` combined with Uptane is suitable for updating the +firmware, software, and other packages on even functionally critical ECUs. +`aktualizr` can be enabled with the free, open souce backend +[`ota-community-edition`](https://github.com/advancedtelematic/ota-community-edition). + +This FOTA update mechanism can be enabled through the `agl-sota` feature. + +## Building + +To build an AGL image that uses `aktualizr`, the following can be used. + +``` +source meta-agl/scripts/aglsetup.sh -m <machine> agl-sota <other-features...> +``` + +During the build, _meta-updater_ will use credentials downloaded from `ota-community-edition` +to sign metadata verifying the build as authentic. These signatures are part of the Uptane +framework and are used to verify FOTA updates. + +## Atomic Upgrades with Rollbacks + +`aktualizr`'s primary method of updating firmware is to use `libostree` with binary diffs. +The binary diffs use the least amout of bandwidth, and by it's nature `libostree` stores +current and previous firmware versions on disk or in flash memory to allow for rollbacks. + +`libostree` is a content addressable object store much like `git`. Versions are specified +via SHA2-256. These hashes are signed in the Uptane metadata and are robust against +cryptographic compromise. diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-8/2-SOTA.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-8/2-SOTA.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57df6fc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-8/2-SOTA.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Software Over The Air + +Software updates in connected vehicles are a very useful feature, which can +deliver significant benefits. If not implemented with security in mind, +software updates can incur serious vulnerabilities. Any software update system +must ensure that not only are the software updates to devices done in a secure way, +but also that the repositories and servers hosting these updates are adequately +protected. As the process of updating software migrates from a Dealership update model +towards an **OTA** update model, securing these processes becomes a high priority. + +**SOTA** is made possible by **AppFw** (See Platform part). It will be possible +to manage in a simple way the packets (i.g. Android like). + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +------------- | ----------------- +Update-SOTA-1 | Part to complete. + +<!-- end-section-todo --> diff --git a/docs/security-blueprint/part-9/0_Abstract.md b/docs/security-blueprint/part-9/0_Abstract.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25d3f35 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/security-blueprint/part-9/0_Abstract.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +# Part 9 - Secure development + +In order to save a lot of time in code auditing, developers must follow coding guidelines. + +## Secure build + +### Kernel build + +Tools like: + +- [Code optimisation](https://github.com/jduck/lk-reducer). +- [Kernel Drivers test](https://github.com/ucsb-seclab/dr_checker) with [docs](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/usenixsecurity17/sec17-machiry.pdf). + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +----------------------- | ------------ +SecureDev-SecureBuild-1 | Add content. + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +## App/Widget signatures + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +---------------------- | ------------ +SecureDev-Signatures-1 | Add content. + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +## Code audit + +These tools are used to check the correct implementation of functionalities and +compliance with related good practices. + +- [Continuous Code Quality](https://www.sonarqube.org/). + +<!-- section-todo --> + +Domain | Improvement +--------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- +SecureDev-CodeAudit-1 | Add CVE analyser. +SecureDev-CodeAudit-2 | [OSSTMM](http://www.isecom.org/mirror/OSSTMM.3.pdf). + +<!-- end-section-todo --> + +### SATS + +- [RATS](https://github.com/andrew-d/rough-auditing-tool-for-security) (Maybe to old). +- [Flaw Finder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/). + +- [wiki list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis). + +- [Mathematical approach](https://perso.univ-rennes1.fr/david.lubicz/planches/David_Pichardie.pdf). + +It is necessary to verify that the application code does not use functions that +are depreciated and recognized as unsecured or cause problems. + +### DATS + +- [wiki list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_program_analysis#Example_tools). diff --git a/docs/signaling/architecture.md b/docs/signaling/architecture.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..823a6d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/signaling/architecture.md @@ -0,0 +1,467 @@ +--- +title: AGL - Message Signaling Architecture +author: Fulup Ar Foll (IoT.bzh) +date: 2016-06-30 + +categories: architecture, appfw +tags: architecture, signal, message +layout: techdoc + +--- + +**Table of Content** + +1. TOC +{:toc} + +## Context + +Automotive applications need to understand in real time the context in which +vehicles operate. In order to do so, it is critical for automotive application +to rely on a simple, fast and secure method to access data generated by the +multiple sensors/ECU embedded in modern cars. + +This signaling problem is neither new, neither unique to the automotive and +multiple solutions often described as Message Broker or Signaling Gateway have +been around for a while. + +The present document is the now implemented since AGL Daring Dab version, to +handle existing signaling/message in a car. It relies on [[APbinder]] +binder/bindings model to minimize complexity while keeping the system fast +around secure. We propose a model with multiple transport options and a full set +of security feature to protect the service generating the signal as well as +consuming them. + +## Objectives + +Our objectives are solving following 3 key issues: + +1. reduce as much as possible the amount of exchanged data to the meaningful + subset really used by applications +1. offer a high level API that obfuscates low level and proprietary interface to + improve stability in time of the code +1. hide specificities of low level implementation as well as the chosen + deployment distribution model. + +To reach first objective, events emission frequency should be controlled at the +lowest level it possibly can. Aggregation, composition, treatment, filtering of +signals should be supported at software level when not supported by the hardware. + +Second objectives of offering long term stable hight level API while allowing +flexibility in changing low level implementation may look somehow conflicting. +Nevertheless by isolating low level interface from high level and allowing +dynamic composition it is possible to mitigate both objectives. + +## Architecture + +Good practice is often based on modularity with clearly separated components +assembled within a common framework. Such modularity ensures separation of +duties, robustness, resilience and achievable long term maintenance. + +This document uses the term "**Service**" to define a specific instance of this +proposed common framework used to host a group of dedicated separated components +that handle targeted signals/events. Each service exposes to services/applications +the signals/events it is responsible for. + +As an example, a CAN service may want to mix non-public proprietary API with +CANopen compatible devices while hiding this complexity to applications. The +goal is on one hand to isolate proprietary piece of code in such a way that it +is as transparent as possible for the remaining part of the architecture. On a +second hand isolation of code related to a specific device provides a better +separation of responsibilities, keeping all specificity related to a given +component clearly isolated and much easier to test or maintain. Last but not +least if needed this model may also help to provide some proprietary code +directly as binary and not as source code. + +Communicating between the car and regular apps should be done using a 2 levels +AGL services which have two distincts roles: + +- low level should handle communication with CAN bus device (read, decoding, + basic and efficient filtering, caching, ...) +- high level should handle more complex tasks (signals compositions, complex + algorythms like Kalman filter, business logic...) + + + +To do so, the choice has been to use a similar architecture than [[OpenXC]], a +Ford project. Principle is simple, from a JSON file that describes all CAN +signals wanted to be handled, in general a conversion from a **dbc** file, AGL +generator convert it to a C++ source code file. This file which in turn is used +as part of the low level CAN service which can now be compiled. This service +reads, decodes and serves this CAN signals to a high level CAN service that +holds business logic and high level features like described is the above +chapter. + + + +While in some cases it may be chosen to implement a single service responsible +for everything, other scenarii may chose to split responsibility between +multiple services. Those multiple services may run on a single ECU or on +multiple ECUs. Chosen deployment distribution strategy should not impact the +development of components responsible for signals/events capture. As well as it +should have a loose impact on applications/services consuming those events. + +A distributed capable architecture may provide multiple advantages: + +- it avoids to concentrate complexity in a single big/fat component. +- it leverages naturally multiple ECUs and existing network architecture +- it simplifies security by enabling isolation and sandboxing +- it clearly separates responsibilities and simplifies resolution of conflicts + +Distributed architecture has to be discussed and about now is not fully +implemented. Low level CAN service isn't fully functional nor tested to assume +this feature but its architecture let the possibility open and will be +implemented later. + + + +Performance matters. There is a trade-off between modularity and efficiency. +This is specially critical for signals where propagation time from one module to +the other should remain as short as possible and furthermore should consume as +little computing resources as possible. + +A flexible solution should provide enough versatility to either compose modules +in separate processes; either chose a model where everything is hosted within a +single process. Chosen deployment model should have minor or no impact on +development/integration processes. Deployment model should be something easy to +change, it should remain a tactical decision and never become a structuring +decision. + +Nevertheless while grouping modules may improve performance and reduce resource consumption, on the other hand, +it has a clear impact on security. No one should forget that some signals have very different level of security from other ones. +Mixing everything within a single process makes all signal's handling within a single security context. +Such a decision may have a significant impact on the level on confidence one may have in the global system. + +Providing such flexibility constrains the communication model used by modules: + +- The API of integration of the modules (the API of the framework) that enables + the connection of modules must be independent of the implementation of + the communication layer +- The communication layer must be as transparent as possible, its + implementation shouldn't impact how it is used +- The cost of the abstraction for modules grouped in a same process + must be as little as possible +- The cost of separating modules with the maximum of security must remain as + minimal as possible + +Another point impacting performance relates to a smart limitation on the number +of emitted signals. Improving the cost of sending a signal is one thing, +reducing the number of signals is an other one. No one should forget that the +faster you ignore a useless signal the better it is. The best way to achieve +this is by doing the filtering of useless signal as close as possible of the +component generating the signal and when possible directly at the hardware level. + +To enable the right component to filter useless signals, consumer clients must +describe precisely the data they need. A filter on frequency is provided since +Daring Dab version, as well as minimum and maximum limits. These filters can be +specified at subscription time. Also, any data not required by any client should +at the minimum never be transmitted. So only changed data is transmitted and if +another service needs to receive at a regular time, it has to assume that if no +events are received then it is that the value hasn't change. Furthermore when +possible then should even not be computed at all, a CAN signal received on +socket is purely ignored if no one asks for it. + +Describing expected data in a precise but nevertheless simple manner remains a +challenge. It implies to manage: + +- requested frequency of expected data +- accuracy of data to avoid detection of inaccurate changes +- when signaling is required (raising edge, falling edge, + on maintained state, ...), +- filtering of data to avoid glitches and noise, +- composition of signals both numerically and logically (adding, + subtracting, running logical operators like AND/OR/XOR, getting the mean, ...) +- etc... + +It is critical to enable multiple features in signal queries to enable modules +to implement the best computing method. The best computing method may have an +impact on which device to query as well as on which filters should be applied. +Furthermore filtering should happen as soon as possible and obviously when +possible directly at hardware level. + +### Transport Solutions + +D-Bus is the standard choice for Linux, nevertheless it has some serious +performance limitation due to internal verbosity. Nevertheless because it is +available and pre-integrated with almost every Linux component, D-Bus may still +remains an acceptable choice for signal with low rate of emission (i.e. HMI). + +For a faster communication, Jaguar-Land-Rover proposes a memory shared signal +infrastructure. Unfortunately this solution is far from solving all issues and +has some drawbacks. Let check the open issues it has: + +- there is no management of what requested data are. This + translate in computing data even when not needed. +- on top of shared memory, an extra side channel is required for processes + to communicate with the daemon. +- a single shared memory implies a lot of concurrency handling. This might + introduce drawbacks that otherwise would be solved through communication + buffering. + +ZeroMQ, NanoMSG and equivalent libraries focused on fast communication. Some +(e.g. ZeroMQ) come with a commercial licensing model when others (e.g. NanoMSG) +use an open source licensing. Those solutions are well suited for both +communicating inside a unique ECU or across several ECUs. However, most of them +are using Unix domain sockets and TCP sockets and typically do not use shared +memory for inter-process communication. + +Last but not least Android binder, Kdbus and other leverage shared memory, zero +copy and sit directly within Linux kernel. While this may boost information +passing between local processes, it also has some limitations. The first one is +the non support of a multi-ECU or vehicle to cloud distribution. The second one +is that none of them is approved upstream in kernel tree. This last point may +create some extra burden each time a new version of Linux kernel is needed or +when porting toward a new hardware is required. + +### Query and Filtering Language + +Description language for filtering of expected data remains an almost green +field where nothing really fit signal service requirements. Languages like +Simulink or signal processing graphical languages are valuable modelling tools. +Unfortunately they cannot be inserted in the car. Furthermore those languages +have many features that are not useful in proposed signal service context and +cost of integrating such complex languages might not be justified for something +as simple as a signal service. The same remarks apply for automation languages. + +Further investigations leads to some specifications already presents like the +one from Jaguar Land Rover [[VISS]], for **Vehicule Information Service +Specification** and another from Volkwagen AG named [[ViWi]], stand for +**Volkwagen Infotainment Web Interface**. Each ones has their differences and +provides different approach serving the same goal: + +| VISS | ViWi | +|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------| +| Filtering on node (not possible on several nodes or branches) | Describe a protocol | +| Access restrictions to signals | Ability to specify custom signals | +| Use high level development languages | RESTful HTTP calls | +| One big Server that handle requests | Stateless | +| Filtering | Filtering, sorting | +| Static signals tree not extensible [[VSS]] | Use JSON objects to communicate | +| Use of AMB ? | Identification of resources may be a bit heavy going using UUID | +| Use of Websocket | | + +About **[[VISS]]** specification, the major problem comes from the fact that +signals are specified under the [[VSS]], **Vehicle Signal Specification**. So, +problem is that it is difficult, if not impossible, to make a full inventory +of all signals existing for each car. More important, each evolution in signals +must be reported in the specification and it is without seeing the fact that +car makers have their names and set of signals that would mostly don't +comply with the [[VSS]]. VISS doesn't seems to be an valuable way to handle +car's signals, a big component that responds requests, use of **Automotive +Message Broker** that use DBus is a performance problem. Fujitsu Ten recent +study[[1]] highlights that processor can't handle an heavy load on CAN bus and +that Low level binding adopted for AGL is about 10 times[[2]] less impact on +performance. + +## Describing Signal Subscriptions using JSON + +JSON is a rich structured representation of data. For requested data, it allows +the expression of multiple features and constraints. JSON is both very flexible +and efficient. There are significant advantages in describing requested data at +subscription time using a language like JSON. Another advantage of JSON is that +no parser is required to analyse the request. + +Existing works exists to describe a signals that comes first from Vector with +its proprietary database (`DBC`) which widely used in industry. Make a +description based on this format appears to be a good solution and Open Source +community already has existing tools that let you convert proprietary file +format to an open one. So, a JSON description based on work from [[OpenXC]] is +specified [here](https://github.com/openxc/vi-firmware/blob/master/docs/config/reference.rst) +which in turn is used in Low level CAN service in AGL: + +```json +{ "name": "example", + "extra_sources": [], + "initializers": [], + "loopers": [], + "buses": {}, + "commands": [], + "0x3D9": { + "bus": "hs", + "signals": { + "PT_FuelLevelPct": { + "generic_name": "fuel.level", + "bit_position": 8, + "bit_size": 8, + "factor": 0.392157, + "offset": 0 + }, + "PT_EngineSpeed": { + "generic_name": "engine.speed", + "bit_position": 16, + "bit_size": 16, + "factor": 0.25, + "offset": 0 + }, + "PT_FuelLevelLow": { + "generic_name": "fuel.level.low", + "bit_position": 55, + "bit_size": 1, + "factor": 1, + "offset": 0, + "decoder": "decoder_t::booleanDecoder" + } + } + } +} +``` + +From a description like the above one, low level CAN generator will output +a C++ source file which let low level CAN service that uses it to handle such +signal definition. + +## Naming Signal + +Naming and defining signals is something very complex. For example just +***speed***, as a signal, is difficult to define. +What unit is used (km/h, M/h, m/s, ...)? +From which source (wheels, GPS, AccelMeter)? +How was it captured (period of measure, instantaneous, mean, filtered)? + +In order to simplify application development we should nevertheless agree on +some naming convention for key signals. Those names might be relatively complex +and featured. They may include a unit, a rate, a precision, etc. + +How these names should be registered, documented and managed is out of scope of +this document but extremely important and at some point in time should be +addressed. Nevertheless this issue should not prevent from moving forward +developing a modern architecture. Developers should be warned that naming is a +complex task, and that in the future naming scheme should be redefined, and +potential adjustments would be required. + +About Low level CAN signals naming a doted notation, like the one used by Jaguar +Landrover, is a good compromise as it describe a path to an car element. It +separates and organize names into hierarchy. From the left to right, you +describe your names using the more common ancestor at the left then more you go +to the right the more it will be accurate. Using this notation let you subscribe +or unsubscribe several signals at once using a globbing expression. + +Example using OBD2 standard PID: + +```path +engine.load +engine.coolant.temperature +fuel.pressure +intake.manifold.pressure +engine.speed +vehicle.speed +intake.air.temperature +mass.airflow +throttle.position +running.time +EGR.error +fuel.level +barometric.pressure +commanded.throttle.position +ethanol.fuel.percentage +accelerator.pedal.position +hybrid.battery-pack.remaining.life +engine.oil.temperature +engine.torque +``` + +Here you can chose to subscribe to all engine component using an expression +like : `engine.*` + +## Reusing existing/legacy code + +About now provided services use: + +- **Low Level** [[OpenXC]] project provides logic and some useful libraries to + access a CAN bus. It is the choice for AGL. + +- **High Level** In many cases accessing to low level signal is not enough. + Low level information might need to be composed (i.e. GPS+Gyro+Accel). + Writing this composition logic might be quite complex and reusing existing + libraries like: LibEkNav for Kalman filtering [[9]] or Vrgimbal for 3 axes + control[[10]] may help saving a lot of time. AGL apps should access CAN + signals through High Level service. High level can lean on as many low level + service as needed to compute its **Virtual signals** coming from differents + sources. Viwi protocol seems to be a good solution. + +## Leveraging AGL binder + +Such a model is loosely coupled with AGL binder. Low level CAN service as well +as virtual signal components may potentially run within any hosting environment +that would provide the right API with corresponding required facilities. +Nevertheless leveraging [[APbinder]] has multiple advantages. It already +implements event notification to support a messaging/signaling model for +distributed services. It enables a subscribe model responding to the +requirement and finally it uses JSON natively. + +This messaging/signalling model already enforces the notion of subscription for +receiving data. It implies that unexpected data are not sent and merely not +computed. When expected data is available, it is pushed to all waiting +subscriber only one time. + +The [[APbinder]] provides transparency of communication. +It currently implements the transparency over D-Bus/Kdbus and WebSocket. +Its transparency mechanism of communication is easy to extend to other +technologies: pools of shared memory or any proprietary transport model. + +When bindings/services are loaded by the same binder, it provides transparently +`in-memory` communication. This in-memory communication is really efficient: on +one hand, the exchanged JSON objects are not serialized (because not streamed), +on the other hand, those JSON objects provide a high level of abstraction able +to transfer any data. + +Technically a service is a standard [[APbinder]] binding which is also handled +by the system and launched as a daemon by systemD. +Therefore Signal/Agent inherits of security protection through SMACK, access +control through Cynara, transparency of API to transport layer, life cycle +management, ... Like any other [[APbinder]] process is composed of a set of +bindings. In signal service specific case, those bindings are in fact the +`signal modules`. + +The proposed model allows to implement low level dependencies as independent +signal modules. Those modules when developed are somehow like "Lego Bricks". +They can be spread or grouped within one or multiple services depending on +deployment constraints (performance, multi-ECU, security & isolation +constraints,...). + +On top of that low level signal modules, you should use a high level service. +A first implementation of [[ViWi]] is available [here](https://github.com/iotbzh/high-level-viwi-service) +and can be use to integrate business logic and high level features. + +The model naturally uses JSON to represent data. + +## Multi-ECU and Vehicule to Cloud interactions + +While this might not be a show stopper for current projects, it is obvious that +in the near future Signal/Agent should support a fully distributed +architectures. Some event may come from the cloud (i.e. request to start +monitoring a given feature), some may come from SmartCity and nearby vehicles, +and last but not least some may come from another ECU within the same vehicle or +from a virtualized OS within the same ECU (e.g. cluster & IVI). In order to do +so, Signal modules should enable composition within one or more [[APbinder]] +inside the same ECU. Furthermore they should also support chaining with the +outside world. + + + +1. Application requests Virtual Signal exactly like if it was a low level signal +1. Agent Signal has direct relation to low level signal +1. Agent needs to proxy to an other service inside the same ECU to access the signal +1. Signal is not present on current ECU. Request has to be proxied to the outside world + +[AppFw]: http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/appfw/01_Introduction-to-AppFW-for-AGL-1.0.pdf "Application Framework" +[APcore]: http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/appfw/03_Documentation-AppFW-Core-1.0.pdf "AppFw Core" +[APmain]: https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/#/q/project:src/app-framework-main "AppFw Main" +[APbinder]: https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/#/q/project:src/app-framework-binder "AppFw Binder" +[APsamples]: https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/gitweb?p=src/app-framework-binder.git;a=tree;f=bindings/samples "AppFw Samples" +[Signal-K]: http://signalk.org/overview.html +[1]: http://schd.ws/hosted_files/aglmmwinter2017/37/20170201_AGL-AMM_F10_kusakabe.pdf +[2]: https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/_media/agl-distro/20170402_ften_can_kusakabe_v2.pdf +[6]: https://github.com/otcshare/automotive-message-broker +[7]: http://ardupilot.org/rover/index.html +[8]: https://github.com/ArduPilot/ardupilot/tree/master/libraries +[9]: https://bitbucket.org/jbrandmeyer/libeknav/wiki/Home +[10]: http://ardupilot.org/rover/docs/common-vrgimbal.html +[11]: http://elinux.org/R-Car/Boards/Porter:PEXT01 +[12]: https://github.com/gpsnavi/gpsnavi +[VISS]: http://rawgit.com/w3c/automotive/gh-pages/vehicle_data/vehicle_information_service.html +[VSS]: https://github.com/GENIVI/vehicle_signal_specification +[ViWi]: https://www.w3.org/Submission/2016/SUBM-viwi-protocol-20161213/ +[OpenXC]: http://openxcplatform.com/ +[low level CAN service]: https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/#/admin/projects/src/low-level-can-generator +[high level ViWi]: https://github.com/iotbzh/high-level-viwi-service diff --git a/docs/signaling/images/OpenXC_to_AGL.png b/docs/signaling/images/OpenXC_to_AGL.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e40336 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/signaling/images/OpenXC_to_AGL.png diff --git a/docs/signaling/images/agent-arch.svg 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/signaling/index.md b/docs/signaling/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb466ae --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/signaling/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +# AGL Message Signaling + +## Architecture + +This [document](./architecture.md) presents an architecture for message signaling in AGL. + +Also available as a [PDF Document](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/signaling/AGL-Message-Signaling-Architecture.pdf) + +## Documentation + +Developer Guidelines are available as a [PDF Document](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/signaling/AGL-Message-Signaling-Developer-Guidelines.pdf) + +A GPS Binding example is available on Github: [github:iotbzh/af-gps-binding](https://github.com/iotbzh/af-gps-binding) + +## OpenXC Demo + +A reference HTML5 application has been developed: see [github:iotbzh/txc-demo](https://github.com/iotbzh/txc-demo). + +This application uses a [OpenXC trace file](http://openxcplatform.com/resources/traces.html) to display 4 different panels representing live vehicle data. + +It's available as an [AGL Application package](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/afb-demos/txc-demo_0.1.wgt) installable through AGL Application Framework. + +## Low level CAN service + +A project to access and decode CAN bus has been developed and part of AGL since Daring Dab version: [Low level CAN service](https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/#/admin/projects/apps/low-level-can-service) + +This rewrite of OpenXC to adapt the project to AGL. + +Must be used in conjunction with the [low level CAN generator](https://gerrit.automotivelinux.org/gerrit/#/admin/projects/src/low-level-can-generator) to custom your service. + +## High Level ViWi service + +An implementation of [ViWi](https://www.w3.org/Submission/2016/SUBM-viwi-protocol-20161213/) protocol has been made and available : [github.com:iotbzh/high-level-viwi-service](https://github.com/iotbzh/high-level-viwi-service) + +## Benchmarks + +Some tests to evaluate the performances of the framework have been done by simulating CAN Data: [AGL-AppFW-CAN-Signaling-Benchmark.pdf](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/signaling/AGL-AppFW-CAN-Signaling-Benchmark.pdf) + +## AMM Munich'16 Presentation + +[Jose's presentation at AGL AMM Munich'16](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2016/build-agl-application-AMM-Munich-2016/) + +## AMM Tokyo'17 Presentation + +[Kusakabe-san from Fujitsu-Ten presentation at AGL AMM Tokyo'17](http://schd.ws/hosted_files/aglmmwinter2017/37/20170201_AGL-AMM_F10_kusakabe.pdf) + +## F2F Karslruhe'17 Presentation + +[Romain's presentation at AGL F2F Karslruhe'17](http://iot.bzh/download/public/2017/F2F-Karslruhe/AGL-Signaling.pdf) +[Kusakabe-san from Fujitsu-Ten presentation at AGL F2F Karslruhe'17](https://wiki.automotivelinux.org/_media/agl-distro/20170402_ften_can_kusakabe_v2.pdf) |
