Introduce Virtio-loopback epsilon release:

Epsilon release introduces a new compatibility layer which make virtio-loopback design to work with QEMU and rust-vmm vhost-user backend without require any changes. Signed-off-by: Timos Ampelikiotis <t.ampelikiotis@virtualopensystems.com> Change-Id: I52e57563e08a7d0bdc002f8e928ee61ba0c53dd9
author: Timos Ampelikiotis <t.ampelikiotis@virtualopensystems.com> 2023-10-10 11:40:56 +0000
committer: Timos Ampelikiotis <t.ampelikiotis@virtualopensystems.com> 2023-10-10 11:40:56 +0000
commit: e02cda008591317b1625707ff8e115a4841aa889 (patch)
tree: aee302e3cf8b59ec2d32ec481be3d1afddfc8968 /backends
parent: cc668e6b7e0ffd8c9d130513d12053cf5eda1d3b (diff)
30 files changed, 6216 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/backends/Kconfig b/backends/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f35abc160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+source tpm/Kconfig
diff --git a/backends/confidential-guest-support.c b/backends/confidential-guest-support.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..052fde8db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/confidential-guest-support.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Confidential Guest support
+ *
+ * Copyright Red Hat.
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
+ * later.  See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+
+#include "exec/confidential-guest-support.h"
+
+OBJECT_DEFINE_ABSTRACT_TYPE(ConfidentialGuestSupport,
+                            confidential_guest_support,
+                            CONFIDENTIAL_GUEST_SUPPORT,
+                            OBJECT)
+
+static void confidential_guest_support_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+}
+
+static void confidential_guest_support_init(Object *obj)
+{
+}
+
+static void confidential_guest_support_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+}
diff --git a/backends/cryptodev-builtin.c b/backends/cryptodev-builtin.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0671bf9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/cryptodev-builtin.c
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Cryptodev backend for QEMU cipher APIs
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *    Gonglei <arei.gonglei@huawei.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "sysemu/cryptodev.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "standard-headers/linux/virtio_crypto.h"
+#include "crypto/cipher.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+
+/**
+ * @TYPE_CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_BUILTIN:
+ * name of backend that uses QEMU cipher API
+ */
+#define TYPE_CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_BUILTIN "cryptodev-backend-builtin"
+
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(CryptoDevBackendBuiltin, CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_BUILTIN)
+
+
+typedef struct CryptoDevBackendBuiltinSession {
+    QCryptoCipher *cipher;
+    uint8_t direction; /* encryption or decryption */
+    uint8_t type; /* cipher? hash? aead? */
+    QTAILQ_ENTRY(CryptoDevBackendBuiltinSession) next;
+} CryptoDevBackendBuiltinSession;
+
+/* Max number of symmetric sessions */
+#define MAX_NUM_SESSIONS 256
+
+#define CRYPTODEV_BUITLIN_MAX_AUTH_KEY_LEN    512
+#define CRYPTODEV_BUITLIN_MAX_CIPHER_KEY_LEN  64
+
+struct CryptoDevBackendBuiltin {
+    CryptoDevBackend parent_obj;
+
+    CryptoDevBackendBuiltinSession *sessions[MAX_NUM_SESSIONS];
+};
+
+static void cryptodev_builtin_init(
+             CryptoDevBackend *backend, Error **errp)
+{
+    /* Only support one queue */
+    int queues = backend->conf.peers.queues;
+    CryptoDevBackendClient *cc;
+
+    if (queues != 1) {
+        error_setg(errp,
+                  "Only support one queue in cryptdov-builtin backend");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    cc = cryptodev_backend_new_client(
+              "cryptodev-builtin", NULL);
+    cc->info_str = g_strdup_printf("cryptodev-builtin0");
+    cc->queue_index = 0;
+    cc->type = CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_TYPE_BUILTIN;
+    backend->conf.peers.ccs[0] = cc;
+
+    backend->conf.crypto_services =
+                         1u << VIRTIO_CRYPTO_SERVICE_CIPHER |
+                         1u << VIRTIO_CRYPTO_SERVICE_HASH |
+                         1u << VIRTIO_CRYPTO_SERVICE_MAC;
+    backend->conf.cipher_algo_l = 1u << VIRTIO_CRYPTO_CIPHER_AES_CBC;
+    backend->conf.hash_algo = 1u << VIRTIO_CRYPTO_HASH_SHA1;
+    /*
+     * Set the Maximum length of crypto request.
+     * Why this value? Just avoid to overflow when
+     * memory allocation for each crypto request.
+     */
+    backend->conf.max_size = LONG_MAX - sizeof(CryptoDevBackendSymOpInfo);
+    backend->conf.max_cipher_key_len = CRYPTODEV_BUITLIN_MAX_CIPHER_KEY_LEN;
+    backend->conf.max_auth_key_len = CRYPTODEV_BUITLIN_MAX_AUTH_KEY_LEN;
+
+    cryptodev_backend_set_ready(backend, true);
+}
+
+static int
+cryptodev_builtin_get_unused_session_index(
+                 CryptoDevBackendBuiltin *builtin)
+{
+    size_t i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_NUM_SESSIONS; i++) {
+        if (builtin->sessions[i] == NULL) {
+            return i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+#define AES_KEYSIZE_128 16
+#define AES_KEYSIZE_192 24
+#define AES_KEYSIZE_256 32
+#define AES_KEYSIZE_128_XTS AES_KEYSIZE_256
+#define AES_KEYSIZE_256_XTS 64
+
+static int
+cryptodev_builtin_get_aes_algo(uint32_t key_len, int mode, Error **errp)
+{
+    int algo;
+
+    if (key_len == AES_KEYSIZE_128) {
+        algo = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_AES_128;
+    } else if (key_len == AES_KEYSIZE_192) {
+        algo = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_AES_192;
+    } else if (key_len == AES_KEYSIZE_256) { /* equals AES_KEYSIZE_128_XTS */
+        if (mode == QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_XTS) {
+            algo = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_AES_128;
+        } else {
+            algo = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_AES_256;
+        }
+    } else if (key_len == AES_KEYSIZE_256_XTS) {
+        if (mode == QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_XTS) {
+            algo = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_AES_256;
+        } else {
+            goto err;
+        }
+    } else {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    return algo;
+
+err:
+   error_setg(errp, "Unsupported key length :%u", key_len);
+   return -1;
+}
+
+static int cryptodev_builtin_create_cipher_session(
+                    CryptoDevBackendBuiltin *builtin,
+                    CryptoDevBackendSymSessionInfo *sess_info,
+                    Error **errp)
+{
+    int algo;
+    int mode;
+    QCryptoCipher *cipher;
+    int index;
+    CryptoDevBackendBuiltinSession *sess;
+
+    if (sess_info->op_type != VIRTIO_CRYPTO_SYM_OP_CIPHER) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Unsupported optype :%u", sess_info->op_type);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    index = cryptodev_builtin_get_unused_session_index(builtin);
+    if (index < 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Total number of sessions created exceeds %u",
+                  MAX_NUM_SESSIONS);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    switch (sess_info->cipher_alg) {
+    case VIRTIO_CRYPTO_CIPHER_AES_ECB:
+        mode = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_ECB;
+        algo = cryptodev_builtin_get_aes_algo(sess_info->key_len,
+                                                    mode, errp);
+        if (algo < 0)  {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_CRYPTO_CIPHER_AES_CBC:
+        mode = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_CBC;
+        algo = cryptodev_builtin_get_aes_algo(sess_info->key_len,
+                                                    mode, errp);
+        if (algo < 0)  {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_CRYPTO_CIPHER_AES_CTR:
+        mode = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_CTR;
+        algo = cryptodev_builtin_get_aes_algo(sess_info->key_len,
+                                                    mode, errp);
+        if (algo < 0)  {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_CRYPTO_CIPHER_AES_XTS:
+        mode = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_XTS;
+        algo = cryptodev_builtin_get_aes_algo(sess_info->key_len,
+                                                    mode, errp);
+        if (algo < 0)  {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_CRYPTO_CIPHER_3DES_ECB:
+        mode = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_ECB;
+        algo = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_3DES;
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_CRYPTO_CIPHER_3DES_CBC:
+        mode = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_CBC;
+        algo = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_3DES;
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_CRYPTO_CIPHER_3DES_CTR:
+        mode = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_CTR;
+        algo = QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_3DES;
+        break;
+    default:
+        error_setg(errp, "Unsupported cipher alg :%u",
+                   sess_info->cipher_alg);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    cipher = qcrypto_cipher_new(algo, mode,
+                               sess_info->cipher_key,
+                               sess_info->key_len,
+                               errp);
+    if (!cipher) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    sess = g_new0(CryptoDevBackendBuiltinSession, 1);
+    sess->cipher = cipher;
+    sess->direction = sess_info->direction;
+    sess->type = sess_info->op_type;
+
+    builtin->sessions[index] = sess;
+
+    return index;
+}
+
+static int64_t cryptodev_builtin_sym_create_session(
+           CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+           CryptoDevBackendSymSessionInfo *sess_info,
+           uint32_t queue_index, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendBuiltin *builtin =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_BUILTIN(backend);
+    int64_t session_id = -1;
+    int ret;
+
+    switch (sess_info->op_code) {
+    case VIRTIO_CRYPTO_CIPHER_CREATE_SESSION:
+        ret = cryptodev_builtin_create_cipher_session(
+                           builtin, sess_info, errp);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            return ret;
+        } else {
+            session_id = ret;
+        }
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_CRYPTO_HASH_CREATE_SESSION:
+    case VIRTIO_CRYPTO_MAC_CREATE_SESSION:
+    default:
+        error_setg(errp, "Unsupported opcode :%" PRIu32 "",
+                   sess_info->op_code);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return session_id;
+}
+
+static int cryptodev_builtin_sym_close_session(
+           CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+           uint64_t session_id,
+           uint32_t queue_index, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendBuiltin *builtin =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_BUILTIN(backend);
+
+    assert(session_id < MAX_NUM_SESSIONS && builtin->sessions[session_id]);
+
+    qcrypto_cipher_free(builtin->sessions[session_id]->cipher);
+    g_free(builtin->sessions[session_id]);
+    builtin->sessions[session_id] = NULL;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int cryptodev_builtin_sym_operation(
+                 CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+                 CryptoDevBackendSymOpInfo *op_info,
+                 uint32_t queue_index, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendBuiltin *builtin =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_BUILTIN(backend);
+    CryptoDevBackendBuiltinSession *sess;
+    int ret;
+
+    if (op_info->session_id >= MAX_NUM_SESSIONS ||
+              builtin->sessions[op_info->session_id] == NULL) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Cannot find a valid session id: %" PRIu64 "",
+                   op_info->session_id);
+        return -VIRTIO_CRYPTO_INVSESS;
+    }
+
+    if (op_info->op_type == VIRTIO_CRYPTO_SYM_OP_ALGORITHM_CHAINING) {
+        error_setg(errp,
+               "Algorithm chain is unsupported for cryptdoev-builtin");
+        return -VIRTIO_CRYPTO_NOTSUPP;
+    }
+
+    sess = builtin->sessions[op_info->session_id];
+
+    if (op_info->iv_len > 0) {
+        ret = qcrypto_cipher_setiv(sess->cipher, op_info->iv,
+                                   op_info->iv_len, errp);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            return -VIRTIO_CRYPTO_ERR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (sess->direction == VIRTIO_CRYPTO_OP_ENCRYPT) {
+        ret = qcrypto_cipher_encrypt(sess->cipher, op_info->src,
+                                     op_info->dst, op_info->src_len, errp);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            return -VIRTIO_CRYPTO_ERR;
+        }
+    } else {
+        ret = qcrypto_cipher_decrypt(sess->cipher, op_info->src,
+                                     op_info->dst, op_info->src_len, errp);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            return -VIRTIO_CRYPTO_ERR;
+        }
+    }
+    return VIRTIO_CRYPTO_OK;
+}
+
+static void cryptodev_builtin_cleanup(
+             CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+             Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendBuiltin *builtin =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_BUILTIN(backend);
+    size_t i;
+    int queues = backend->conf.peers.queues;
+    CryptoDevBackendClient *cc;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_NUM_SESSIONS; i++) {
+        if (builtin->sessions[i] != NULL) {
+            cryptodev_builtin_sym_close_session(backend, i, 0, &error_abort);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
+        cc = backend->conf.peers.ccs[i];
+        if (cc) {
+            cryptodev_backend_free_client(cc);
+            backend->conf.peers.ccs[i] = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    cryptodev_backend_set_ready(backend, false);
+}
+
+static void
+cryptodev_builtin_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendClass *bc = CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_CLASS(oc);
+
+    bc->init = cryptodev_builtin_init;
+    bc->cleanup = cryptodev_builtin_cleanup;
+    bc->create_session = cryptodev_builtin_sym_create_session;
+    bc->close_session = cryptodev_builtin_sym_close_session;
+    bc->do_sym_op = cryptodev_builtin_sym_operation;
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo cryptodev_builtin_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_BUILTIN,
+    .parent = TYPE_CRYPTODEV_BACKEND,
+    .class_init = cryptodev_builtin_class_init,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(CryptoDevBackendBuiltin),
+};
+
+static void
+cryptodev_builtin_register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&cryptodev_builtin_info);
+}
+
+type_init(cryptodev_builtin_register_types);
diff --git a/backends/cryptodev-vhost-user.c b/backends/cryptodev-vhost-user.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bedb45247
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/cryptodev-vhost-user.c
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Cryptodev backend for QEMU cipher APIs
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *    Gonglei <arei.gonglei@huawei.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/vhost-user.h"
+#include "standard-headers/linux/virtio_crypto.h"
+#include "sysemu/cryptodev-vhost.h"
+#include "chardev/char-fe.h"
+#include "sysemu/cryptodev-vhost-user.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+
+/**
+ * @TYPE_CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_VHOST_USER:
+ * name of backend that uses vhost user server
+ */
+#define TYPE_CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_VHOST_USER "cryptodev-vhost-user"
+
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(CryptoDevBackendVhostUser, CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_VHOST_USER)
+
+
+struct CryptoDevBackendVhostUser {
+    CryptoDevBackend parent_obj;
+
+    VhostUserState vhost_user;
+    CharBackend chr;
+    char *chr_name;
+    bool opened;
+    CryptoDevBackendVhost *vhost_crypto[MAX_CRYPTO_QUEUE_NUM];
+};
+
+static int
+cryptodev_vhost_user_running(
+             CryptoDevBackendVhost *crypto)
+{
+    return crypto ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+CryptoDevBackendVhost *
+cryptodev_vhost_user_get_vhost(
+                         CryptoDevBackendClient *cc,
+                         CryptoDevBackend *b,
+                         uint16_t queue)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendVhostUser *s =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_VHOST_USER(b);
+    assert(cc->type == CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_TYPE_VHOST_USER);
+    assert(queue < MAX_CRYPTO_QUEUE_NUM);
+
+    return s->vhost_crypto[queue];
+}
+
+static void cryptodev_vhost_user_stop(int queues,
+                          CryptoDevBackendVhostUser *s)
+{
+    size_t i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
+        if (!cryptodev_vhost_user_running(s->vhost_crypto[i])) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        cryptodev_vhost_cleanup(s->vhost_crypto[i]);
+        s->vhost_crypto[i] = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+cryptodev_vhost_user_start(int queues,
+                         CryptoDevBackendVhostUser *s)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendVhostOptions options;
+    CryptoDevBackend *b = CRYPTODEV_BACKEND(s);
+    int max_queues;
+    size_t i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
+        if (cryptodev_vhost_user_running(s->vhost_crypto[i])) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        options.opaque = &s->vhost_user;
+        options.backend_type = VHOST_BACKEND_TYPE_USER;
+        options.cc = b->conf.peers.ccs[i];
+        s->vhost_crypto[i] = cryptodev_vhost_init(&options);
+        if (!s->vhost_crypto[i]) {
+            error_report("failed to init vhost_crypto for queue %zu", i);
+            goto err;
+        }
+
+        if (i == 0) {
+            max_queues =
+              cryptodev_vhost_get_max_queues(s->vhost_crypto[i]);
+            if (queues > max_queues) {
+                error_report("you are asking more queues than supported: %d",
+                             max_queues);
+                goto err;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+
+err:
+    cryptodev_vhost_user_stop(i + 1, s);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static Chardev *
+cryptodev_vhost_claim_chardev(CryptoDevBackendVhostUser *s,
+                                    Error **errp)
+{
+    Chardev *chr;
+
+    if (s->chr_name == NULL) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE,
+                   "chardev", "a valid character device");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    chr = qemu_chr_find(s->chr_name);
+    if (chr == NULL) {
+        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
+                  "Device '%s' not found", s->chr_name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return chr;
+}
+
+static void cryptodev_vhost_user_event(void *opaque, QEMUChrEvent event)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendVhostUser *s = opaque;
+    CryptoDevBackend *b = CRYPTODEV_BACKEND(s);
+    int queues = b->conf.peers.queues;
+
+    assert(queues < MAX_CRYPTO_QUEUE_NUM);
+
+    switch (event) {
+    case CHR_EVENT_OPENED:
+        if (cryptodev_vhost_user_start(queues, s) < 0) {
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        b->ready = true;
+        break;
+    case CHR_EVENT_CLOSED:
+        b->ready = false;
+        cryptodev_vhost_user_stop(queues, s);
+        break;
+    case CHR_EVENT_BREAK:
+    case CHR_EVENT_MUX_IN:
+    case CHR_EVENT_MUX_OUT:
+        /* Ignore */
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void cryptodev_vhost_user_init(
+             CryptoDevBackend *backend, Error **errp)
+{
+    int queues = backend->conf.peers.queues;
+    size_t i;
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+    Chardev *chr;
+    CryptoDevBackendClient *cc;
+    CryptoDevBackendVhostUser *s =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_VHOST_USER(backend);
+
+    chr = cryptodev_vhost_claim_chardev(s, &local_err);
+    if (local_err) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    s->opened = true;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
+        cc = cryptodev_backend_new_client(
+                  "cryptodev-vhost-user", NULL);
+        cc->info_str = g_strdup_printf("cryptodev-vhost-user%zu to %s ",
+                                       i, chr->label);
+        cc->queue_index = i;
+        cc->type = CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_TYPE_VHOST_USER;
+
+        backend->conf.peers.ccs[i] = cc;
+
+        if (i == 0) {
+            if (!qemu_chr_fe_init(&s->chr, chr, errp)) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!vhost_user_init(&s->vhost_user, &s->chr, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    qemu_chr_fe_set_handlers(&s->chr, NULL, NULL,
+                     cryptodev_vhost_user_event, NULL, s, NULL, true);
+
+    backend->conf.crypto_services =
+                         1u << VIRTIO_CRYPTO_SERVICE_CIPHER |
+                         1u << VIRTIO_CRYPTO_SERVICE_HASH |
+                         1u << VIRTIO_CRYPTO_SERVICE_MAC;
+    backend->conf.cipher_algo_l = 1u << VIRTIO_CRYPTO_CIPHER_AES_CBC;
+    backend->conf.hash_algo = 1u << VIRTIO_CRYPTO_HASH_SHA1;
+
+    backend->conf.max_size = UINT64_MAX;
+    backend->conf.max_cipher_key_len = VHOST_USER_MAX_CIPHER_KEY_LEN;
+    backend->conf.max_auth_key_len = VHOST_USER_MAX_AUTH_KEY_LEN;
+}
+
+static int64_t cryptodev_vhost_user_sym_create_session(
+           CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+           CryptoDevBackendSymSessionInfo *sess_info,
+           uint32_t queue_index, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendClient *cc =
+                   backend->conf.peers.ccs[queue_index];
+    CryptoDevBackendVhost *vhost_crypto;
+    uint64_t session_id = 0;
+    int ret;
+
+    vhost_crypto = cryptodev_vhost_user_get_vhost(cc, backend, queue_index);
+    if (vhost_crypto) {
+        struct vhost_dev *dev = &(vhost_crypto->dev);
+        ret = dev->vhost_ops->vhost_crypto_create_session(dev,
+                                                          sess_info,
+                                                          &session_id);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        } else {
+            return session_id;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static int cryptodev_vhost_user_sym_close_session(
+           CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+           uint64_t session_id,
+           uint32_t queue_index, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendClient *cc =
+                  backend->conf.peers.ccs[queue_index];
+    CryptoDevBackendVhost *vhost_crypto;
+    int ret;
+
+    vhost_crypto = cryptodev_vhost_user_get_vhost(cc, backend, queue_index);
+    if (vhost_crypto) {
+        struct vhost_dev *dev = &(vhost_crypto->dev);
+        ret = dev->vhost_ops->vhost_crypto_close_session(dev,
+                                                         session_id);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static void cryptodev_vhost_user_cleanup(
+             CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+             Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendVhostUser *s =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_VHOST_USER(backend);
+    size_t i;
+    int queues = backend->conf.peers.queues;
+    CryptoDevBackendClient *cc;
+
+    cryptodev_vhost_user_stop(queues, s);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
+        cc = backend->conf.peers.ccs[i];
+        if (cc) {
+            cryptodev_backend_free_client(cc);
+            backend->conf.peers.ccs[i] = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    vhost_user_cleanup(&s->vhost_user);
+}
+
+static void cryptodev_vhost_user_set_chardev(Object *obj,
+                                    const char *value, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendVhostUser *s =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_VHOST_USER(obj);
+
+    if (s->opened) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_PERMISSION_DENIED);
+    } else {
+        g_free(s->chr_name);
+        s->chr_name = g_strdup(value);
+    }
+}
+
+static char *
+cryptodev_vhost_user_get_chardev(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendVhostUser *s =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_VHOST_USER(obj);
+    Chardev *chr = qemu_chr_fe_get_driver(&s->chr);
+
+    if (chr && chr->label) {
+        return g_strdup(chr->label);
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void cryptodev_vhost_user_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendVhostUser *s =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_VHOST_USER(obj);
+
+    qemu_chr_fe_deinit(&s->chr, false);
+
+    g_free(s->chr_name);
+}
+
+static void
+cryptodev_vhost_user_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendClass *bc = CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_CLASS(oc);
+
+    bc->init = cryptodev_vhost_user_init;
+    bc->cleanup = cryptodev_vhost_user_cleanup;
+    bc->create_session = cryptodev_vhost_user_sym_create_session;
+    bc->close_session = cryptodev_vhost_user_sym_close_session;
+    bc->do_sym_op = NULL;
+
+    object_class_property_add_str(oc, "chardev",
+                                  cryptodev_vhost_user_get_chardev,
+                                  cryptodev_vhost_user_set_chardev);
+
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo cryptodev_vhost_user_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_VHOST_USER,
+    .parent = TYPE_CRYPTODEV_BACKEND,
+    .class_init = cryptodev_vhost_user_class_init,
+    .instance_finalize = cryptodev_vhost_user_finalize,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(CryptoDevBackendVhostUser),
+};
+
+static void
+cryptodev_vhost_user_register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&cryptodev_vhost_user_info);
+}
+
+type_init(cryptodev_vhost_user_register_types);
diff --git a/backends/cryptodev-vhost.c b/backends/cryptodev-vhost.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc13e466b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/cryptodev-vhost.c
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Cryptodev backend for QEMU cipher APIs
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *    Gonglei <arei.gonglei@huawei.com>
+ *    Jay Zhou <jianjay.zhou@huawei.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-bus.h"
+#include "sysemu/cryptodev-vhost.h"
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_VHOST_CRYPTO
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-crypto.h"
+#include "sysemu/cryptodev-vhost-user.h"
+
+uint64_t
+cryptodev_vhost_get_max_queues(
+                        CryptoDevBackendVhost *crypto)
+{
+    return crypto->dev.max_queues;
+}
+
+void cryptodev_vhost_cleanup(CryptoDevBackendVhost *crypto)
+{
+    vhost_dev_cleanup(&crypto->dev);
+    g_free(crypto);
+}
+
+struct CryptoDevBackendVhost *
+cryptodev_vhost_init(
+             CryptoDevBackendVhostOptions *options)
+{
+    int r;
+    CryptoDevBackendVhost *crypto;
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+
+    crypto = g_new(CryptoDevBackendVhost, 1);
+    crypto->dev.max_queues = 1;
+    crypto->dev.nvqs = 1;
+    crypto->dev.vqs = crypto->vqs;
+
+    crypto->cc = options->cc;
+
+    crypto->dev.protocol_features = 0;
+    crypto->backend = -1;
+
+    /* vhost-user needs vq_index to initiate a specific queue pair */
+    crypto->dev.vq_index = crypto->cc->queue_index * crypto->dev.nvqs;
+
+    r = vhost_dev_init(&crypto->dev, options->opaque, options->backend_type, 0,
+                       &local_err);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        error_report_err(local_err);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    return crypto;
+fail:
+    g_free(crypto);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static int
+cryptodev_vhost_start_one(CryptoDevBackendVhost *crypto,
+                                  VirtIODevice *dev)
+{
+    int r;
+
+    crypto->dev.nvqs = 1;
+    crypto->dev.vqs = crypto->vqs;
+
+    r = vhost_dev_enable_notifiers(&crypto->dev, dev);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        goto fail_notifiers;
+    }
+
+    r = vhost_dev_start(&crypto->dev, dev);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        goto fail_start;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+
+fail_start:
+    vhost_dev_disable_notifiers(&crypto->dev, dev);
+fail_notifiers:
+    return r;
+}
+
+static void
+cryptodev_vhost_stop_one(CryptoDevBackendVhost *crypto,
+                                 VirtIODevice *dev)
+{
+    vhost_dev_stop(&crypto->dev, dev);
+    vhost_dev_disable_notifiers(&crypto->dev, dev);
+}
+
+CryptoDevBackendVhost *
+cryptodev_get_vhost(CryptoDevBackendClient *cc,
+                            CryptoDevBackend *b,
+                            uint16_t queue)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendVhost *vhost_crypto = NULL;
+
+    if (!cc) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    switch (cc->type) {
+#if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
+    case CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_TYPE_VHOST_USER:
+        vhost_crypto = cryptodev_vhost_user_get_vhost(cc, b, queue);
+        break;
+#endif
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return vhost_crypto;
+}
+
+static void
+cryptodev_vhost_set_vq_index(CryptoDevBackendVhost *crypto,
+                                     int vq_index)
+{
+    crypto->dev.vq_index = vq_index;
+}
+
+static int
+vhost_set_vring_enable(CryptoDevBackendClient *cc,
+                            CryptoDevBackend *b,
+                            uint16_t queue, int enable)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendVhost *crypto =
+                       cryptodev_get_vhost(cc, b, queue);
+    const VhostOps *vhost_ops;
+
+    cc->vring_enable = enable;
+
+    if (!crypto) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    vhost_ops = crypto->dev.vhost_ops;
+    if (vhost_ops->vhost_set_vring_enable) {
+        return vhost_ops->vhost_set_vring_enable(&crypto->dev, enable);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int cryptodev_vhost_start(VirtIODevice *dev, int total_queues)
+{
+    VirtIOCrypto *vcrypto = VIRTIO_CRYPTO(dev);
+    BusState *qbus = BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(dev)));
+    VirtioBusState *vbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qbus);
+    VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(vbus);
+    int r, e;
+    int i;
+    CryptoDevBackend *b = vcrypto->cryptodev;
+    CryptoDevBackendVhost *vhost_crypto;
+    CryptoDevBackendClient *cc;
+
+    if (!k->set_guest_notifiers) {
+        error_report("binding does not support guest notifiers");
+        return -ENOSYS;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < total_queues; i++) {
+        cc = b->conf.peers.ccs[i];
+
+        vhost_crypto = cryptodev_get_vhost(cc, b, i);
+        cryptodev_vhost_set_vq_index(vhost_crypto, i);
+
+        /* Suppress the masking guest notifiers on vhost user
+         * because vhost user doesn't interrupt masking/unmasking
+         * properly.
+         */
+        if (cc->type == CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_TYPE_VHOST_USER) {
+            dev->use_guest_notifier_mask = false;
+        }
+     }
+
+    r = k->set_guest_notifiers(qbus->parent, total_queues, true);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        error_report("error binding guest notifier: %d", -r);
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < total_queues; i++) {
+        cc = b->conf.peers.ccs[i];
+
+        vhost_crypto = cryptodev_get_vhost(cc, b, i);
+        r = cryptodev_vhost_start_one(vhost_crypto, dev);
+
+        if (r < 0) {
+            goto err_start;
+        }
+
+        if (cc->vring_enable) {
+            /* restore vring enable state */
+            r = vhost_set_vring_enable(cc, b, i, cc->vring_enable);
+
+            if (r < 0) {
+                goto err_start;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+
+err_start:
+    while (--i >= 0) {
+        cc = b->conf.peers.ccs[i];
+        vhost_crypto = cryptodev_get_vhost(cc, b, i);
+        cryptodev_vhost_stop_one(vhost_crypto, dev);
+    }
+    e = k->set_guest_notifiers(qbus->parent, total_queues, false);
+    if (e < 0) {
+        error_report("vhost guest notifier cleanup failed: %d", e);
+    }
+err:
+    return r;
+}
+
+void cryptodev_vhost_stop(VirtIODevice *dev, int total_queues)
+{
+    BusState *qbus = BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(dev)));
+    VirtioBusState *vbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qbus);
+    VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(vbus);
+    VirtIOCrypto *vcrypto = VIRTIO_CRYPTO(dev);
+    CryptoDevBackend *b = vcrypto->cryptodev;
+    CryptoDevBackendVhost *vhost_crypto;
+    CryptoDevBackendClient *cc;
+    size_t i;
+    int r;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < total_queues; i++) {
+        cc = b->conf.peers.ccs[i];
+
+        vhost_crypto = cryptodev_get_vhost(cc, b, i);
+        cryptodev_vhost_stop_one(vhost_crypto, dev);
+    }
+
+    r = k->set_guest_notifiers(qbus->parent, total_queues, false);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        error_report("vhost guest notifier cleanup failed: %d", r);
+    }
+    assert(r >= 0);
+}
+
+void cryptodev_vhost_virtqueue_mask(VirtIODevice *dev,
+                                           int queue,
+                                           int idx, bool mask)
+{
+    VirtIOCrypto *vcrypto = VIRTIO_CRYPTO(dev);
+    CryptoDevBackend *b = vcrypto->cryptodev;
+    CryptoDevBackendVhost *vhost_crypto;
+    CryptoDevBackendClient *cc;
+
+    assert(queue < MAX_CRYPTO_QUEUE_NUM);
+
+    cc = b->conf.peers.ccs[queue];
+    vhost_crypto = cryptodev_get_vhost(cc, b, queue);
+
+    vhost_virtqueue_mask(&vhost_crypto->dev, dev, idx, mask);
+}
+
+bool cryptodev_vhost_virtqueue_pending(VirtIODevice *dev,
+                                              int queue, int idx)
+{
+    VirtIOCrypto *vcrypto = VIRTIO_CRYPTO(dev);
+    CryptoDevBackend *b = vcrypto->cryptodev;
+    CryptoDevBackendVhost *vhost_crypto;
+    CryptoDevBackendClient *cc;
+
+    assert(queue < MAX_CRYPTO_QUEUE_NUM);
+
+    cc = b->conf.peers.ccs[queue];
+    vhost_crypto = cryptodev_get_vhost(cc, b, queue);
+
+    return vhost_virtqueue_pending(&vhost_crypto->dev, idx);
+}
+
+#else
+uint64_t
+cryptodev_vhost_get_max_queues(CryptoDevBackendVhost *crypto)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void cryptodev_vhost_cleanup(CryptoDevBackendVhost *crypto)
+{
+}
+
+struct CryptoDevBackendVhost *
+cryptodev_vhost_init(CryptoDevBackendVhostOptions *options)
+{
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+CryptoDevBackendVhost *
+cryptodev_get_vhost(CryptoDevBackendClient *cc,
+                    CryptoDevBackend *b,
+                    uint16_t queue)
+{
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+int cryptodev_vhost_start(VirtIODevice *dev, int total_queues)
+{
+    return -1;
+}
+
+void cryptodev_vhost_stop(VirtIODevice *dev, int total_queues)
+{
+}
+
+void cryptodev_vhost_virtqueue_mask(VirtIODevice *dev,
+                                    int queue,
+                                    int idx, bool mask)
+{
+}
+
+bool cryptodev_vhost_virtqueue_pending(VirtIODevice *dev,
+                                       int queue, int idx)
+{
+    return false;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/backends/cryptodev.c b/backends/cryptodev.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf5247616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/cryptodev.c
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Crypto Device Implementation
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *    Gonglei <arei.gonglei@huawei.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "sysemu/cryptodev.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/visitor.h"
+#include "qemu/config-file.h"
+#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-crypto.h"
+
+
+static QTAILQ_HEAD(, CryptoDevBackendClient) crypto_clients;
+
+
+CryptoDevBackendClient *
+cryptodev_backend_new_client(const char *model,
+                                    const char *name)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendClient *cc;
+
+    cc = g_malloc0(sizeof(CryptoDevBackendClient));
+    cc->model = g_strdup(model);
+    if (name) {
+        cc->name = g_strdup(name);
+    }
+
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&crypto_clients, cc, next);
+
+    return cc;
+}
+
+void cryptodev_backend_free_client(
+                  CryptoDevBackendClient *cc)
+{
+    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&crypto_clients, cc, next);
+    g_free(cc->name);
+    g_free(cc->model);
+    g_free(cc->info_str);
+    g_free(cc);
+}
+
+void cryptodev_backend_cleanup(
+             CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+             Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendClass *bc =
+                  CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(backend);
+
+    if (bc->cleanup) {
+        bc->cleanup(backend, errp);
+    }
+}
+
+int64_t cryptodev_backend_sym_create_session(
+           CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+           CryptoDevBackendSymSessionInfo *sess_info,
+           uint32_t queue_index, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendClass *bc =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(backend);
+
+    if (bc->create_session) {
+        return bc->create_session(backend, sess_info, queue_index, errp);
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int cryptodev_backend_sym_close_session(
+           CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+           uint64_t session_id,
+           uint32_t queue_index, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendClass *bc =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(backend);
+
+    if (bc->close_session) {
+        return bc->close_session(backend, session_id, queue_index, errp);
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static int cryptodev_backend_sym_operation(
+                 CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+                 CryptoDevBackendSymOpInfo *op_info,
+                 uint32_t queue_index, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackendClass *bc =
+                      CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(backend);
+
+    if (bc->do_sym_op) {
+        return bc->do_sym_op(backend, op_info, queue_index, errp);
+    }
+
+    return -VIRTIO_CRYPTO_ERR;
+}
+
+int cryptodev_backend_crypto_operation(
+                 CryptoDevBackend *backend,
+                 void *opaque,
+                 uint32_t queue_index, Error **errp)
+{
+    VirtIOCryptoReq *req = opaque;
+
+    if (req->flags == CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_ALG_SYM) {
+        CryptoDevBackendSymOpInfo *op_info;
+        op_info = req->u.sym_op_info;
+
+        return cryptodev_backend_sym_operation(backend,
+                         op_info, queue_index, errp);
+    } else {
+        error_setg(errp, "Unsupported cryptodev alg type: %" PRIu32 "",
+                   req->flags);
+       return -VIRTIO_CRYPTO_NOTSUPP;
+    }
+
+    return -VIRTIO_CRYPTO_ERR;
+}
+
+static void
+cryptodev_backend_get_queues(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
+                             void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackend *backend = CRYPTODEV_BACKEND(obj);
+    uint32_t value = backend->conf.peers.queues;
+
+    visit_type_uint32(v, name, &value, errp);
+}
+
+static void
+cryptodev_backend_set_queues(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
+                             void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackend *backend = CRYPTODEV_BACKEND(obj);
+    uint32_t value;
+
+    if (!visit_type_uint32(v, name, &value, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!value) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Property '%s.%s' doesn't take value '%" PRIu32 "'",
+                   object_get_typename(obj), name, value);
+        return;
+    }
+    backend->conf.peers.queues = value;
+}
+
+static void
+cryptodev_backend_complete(UserCreatable *uc, Error **errp)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackend *backend = CRYPTODEV_BACKEND(uc);
+    CryptoDevBackendClass *bc = CRYPTODEV_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(uc);
+
+    if (bc->init) {
+        bc->init(backend, errp);
+    }
+}
+
+void cryptodev_backend_set_used(CryptoDevBackend *backend, bool used)
+{
+    backend->is_used = used;
+}
+
+bool cryptodev_backend_is_used(CryptoDevBackend *backend)
+{
+    return backend->is_used;
+}
+
+void cryptodev_backend_set_ready(CryptoDevBackend *backend, bool ready)
+{
+    backend->ready = ready;
+}
+
+bool cryptodev_backend_is_ready(CryptoDevBackend *backend)
+{
+    return backend->ready;
+}
+
+static bool
+cryptodev_backend_can_be_deleted(UserCreatable *uc)
+{
+    return !cryptodev_backend_is_used(CRYPTODEV_BACKEND(uc));
+}
+
+static void cryptodev_backend_instance_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    /* Initialize devices' queues property to 1 */
+    object_property_set_int(obj, "queues", 1, NULL);
+}
+
+static void cryptodev_backend_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    CryptoDevBackend *backend = CRYPTODEV_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    cryptodev_backend_cleanup(backend, NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+cryptodev_backend_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    UserCreatableClass *ucc = USER_CREATABLE_CLASS(oc);
+
+    ucc->complete = cryptodev_backend_complete;
+    ucc->can_be_deleted = cryptodev_backend_can_be_deleted;
+
+    QTAILQ_INIT(&crypto_clients);
+    object_class_property_add(oc, "queues", "uint32",
+                              cryptodev_backend_get_queues,
+                              cryptodev_backend_set_queues,
+                              NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo cryptodev_backend_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_CRYPTODEV_BACKEND,
+    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(CryptoDevBackend),
+    .instance_init = cryptodev_backend_instance_init,
+    .instance_finalize = cryptodev_backend_finalize,
+    .class_size = sizeof(CryptoDevBackendClass),
+    .class_init = cryptodev_backend_class_init,
+    .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
+        { TYPE_USER_CREATABLE },
+        { }
+    }
+};
+
+static void
+cryptodev_backend_register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&cryptodev_backend_info);
+}
+
+type_init(cryptodev_backend_register_types);
diff --git a/backends/dbus-vmstate.c b/backends/dbus-vmstate.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9cfd758c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/dbus-vmstate.c
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU dbus-vmstate
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Red Hat Inc
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qemu/units.h"
+#include "qemu/dbus.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
+#include "migration/vmstate.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+
+#define TYPE_DBUS_VMSTATE "dbus-vmstate"
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(DBusVMState,
+                           DBUS_VMSTATE)
+
+
+struct DBusVMState {
+    Object parent;
+
+    GDBusConnection *bus;
+    char *dbus_addr;
+    char *id_list;
+
+    uint32_t data_size;
+    uint8_t *data;
+};
+
+static const GDBusPropertyInfo vmstate_property_info[] = {
+    { -1, (char *) "Id", (char *) "s",
+      G_DBUS_PROPERTY_INFO_FLAGS_READABLE, NULL },
+};
+
+static const GDBusPropertyInfo * const vmstate_property_info_pointers[] = {
+    &vmstate_property_info[0],
+    NULL
+};
+
+static const GDBusInterfaceInfo vmstate1_interface_info = {
+    -1,
+    (char *) "org.qemu.VMState1",
+    (GDBusMethodInfo **) NULL,
+    (GDBusSignalInfo **) NULL,
+    (GDBusPropertyInfo **) &vmstate_property_info_pointers,
+    NULL,
+};
+
+#define DBUS_VMSTATE_SIZE_LIMIT (1 * MiB)
+
+static GHashTable *
+get_id_list_set(DBusVMState *self)
+{
+    g_auto(GStrv) ids = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GHashTable) set = NULL;
+    int i;
+
+    if (!self->id_list) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ids = g_strsplit(self->id_list, ",", -1);
+    set = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, g_str_equal, g_free, NULL);
+    for (i = 0; ids[i]; i++) {
+        g_hash_table_add(set, ids[i]);
+        ids[i] = NULL;
+    }
+
+    return g_steal_pointer(&set);
+}
+
+static GHashTable *
+dbus_get_proxies(DBusVMState *self, GError **err)
+{
+    g_autoptr(GHashTable) proxies = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GHashTable) ids = NULL;
+    g_auto(GStrv) names = NULL;
+    Error *error = NULL;
+    size_t i;
+
+    ids = get_id_list_set(self);
+    proxies = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, g_str_equal,
+                                    g_free, g_object_unref);
+
+    names = qemu_dbus_get_queued_owners(self->bus, "org.qemu.VMState1", &error);
+    if (!names) {
+        g_set_error(err, G_IO_ERROR, G_IO_ERROR_FAILED, "%s",
+                    error_get_pretty(error));
+        error_free(error);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; names[i]; i++) {
+        g_autoptr(GDBusProxy) proxy = NULL;
+        g_autoptr(GVariant) result = NULL;
+        g_autofree char *id = NULL;
+        size_t size;
+
+        proxy = g_dbus_proxy_new_sync(self->bus, G_DBUS_PROXY_FLAGS_NONE,
+                    (GDBusInterfaceInfo *) &vmstate1_interface_info,
+                    names[i],
+                    "/org/qemu/VMState1",
+                    "org.qemu.VMState1",
+                    NULL, err);
+        if (!proxy) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        result = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(proxy, "Id");
+        if (!result) {
+            g_set_error_literal(err, G_IO_ERROR, G_IO_ERROR_FAILED,
+                                "VMState Id property is missing.");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        id = g_variant_dup_string(result, &size);
+        if (ids && !g_hash_table_remove(ids, id)) {
+            g_clear_pointer(&id, g_free);
+            g_clear_object(&proxy);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (size == 0 || size >= 256) {
+            g_set_error(err, G_IO_ERROR, G_IO_ERROR_FAILED,
+                        "VMState Id '%s' is invalid.", id);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (!g_hash_table_insert(proxies, id, proxy)) {
+            g_set_error(err, G_IO_ERROR, G_IO_ERROR_FAILED,
+                        "Duplicated VMState Id '%s'", id);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        id = NULL;
+        proxy = NULL;
+
+        g_clear_pointer(&result, g_variant_unref);
+    }
+
+    if (ids) {
+        g_autofree char **left = NULL;
+
+        left = (char **)g_hash_table_get_keys_as_array(ids, NULL);
+        if (*left) {
+            g_autofree char *leftids = g_strjoinv(",", left);
+            g_set_error(err, G_IO_ERROR, G_IO_ERROR_FAILED,
+                        "Required VMState Id are missing: %s", leftids);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return g_steal_pointer(&proxies);
+}
+
+static int
+dbus_load_state_proxy(GDBusProxy *proxy, const uint8_t *data, size_t size)
+{
+    g_autoptr(GError) err = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GVariant) result = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GVariant) value = NULL;
+
+    value = g_variant_new_fixed_array(G_VARIANT_TYPE_BYTE,
+                                      data, size, sizeof(char));
+    result = g_dbus_proxy_call_sync(proxy, "Load",
+                                    g_variant_new("(@ay)",
+                                                  g_steal_pointer(&value)),
+                                    G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NO_AUTO_START,
+                                    -1, NULL, &err);
+    if (!result) {
+        error_report("%s: Failed to Load: %s", __func__, err->message);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int dbus_vmstate_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
+{
+    DBusVMState *self = DBUS_VMSTATE(opaque);
+    g_autoptr(GInputStream) m = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GDataInputStream) s = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GError) err = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GHashTable) proxies = NULL;
+    uint32_t nelem;
+
+    trace_dbus_vmstate_post_load(version_id);
+
+    proxies = dbus_get_proxies(self, &err);
+    if (!proxies) {
+        error_report("%s: Failed to get proxies: %s", __func__, err->message);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    m = g_memory_input_stream_new_from_data(self->data, self->data_size, NULL);
+    s = g_data_input_stream_new(m);
+    g_data_input_stream_set_byte_order(s, G_DATA_STREAM_BYTE_ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN);
+    g_buffered_input_stream_set_buffer_size(G_BUFFERED_INPUT_STREAM(s),
+                                            DBUS_VMSTATE_SIZE_LIMIT);
+
+    nelem = g_data_input_stream_read_uint32(s, NULL, &err);
+    if (err) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    while (nelem > 0) {
+        GDBusProxy *proxy = NULL;
+        uint32_t len;
+        gsize bytes_read, avail;
+        char id[256];
+
+        len = g_data_input_stream_read_uint32(s, NULL, &err);
+        if (err) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (len >= 256) {
+            error_report("%s: Invalid DBus vmstate proxy name %u",
+                         __func__, len);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (!g_input_stream_read_all(G_INPUT_STREAM(s), id, len,
+                                     &bytes_read, NULL, &err)) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (bytes_read != len) {
+            error_report("%s: Short read", __func__);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        id[len] = 0;
+
+        trace_dbus_vmstate_loading(id);
+
+        proxy = g_hash_table_lookup(proxies, id);
+        if (!proxy) {
+            error_report("%s: Failed to find proxy Id '%s'", __func__, id);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        len = g_data_input_stream_read_uint32(s, NULL, &err);
+        if (len > DBUS_VMSTATE_SIZE_LIMIT) {
+            error_report("%s: Invalid vmstate size: %u", __func__, len);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        g_buffered_input_stream_fill(G_BUFFERED_INPUT_STREAM(s), len, NULL,
+                                     &err);
+        if (err) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        avail = g_buffered_input_stream_get_available(
+            G_BUFFERED_INPUT_STREAM(s));
+        if (len > avail) {
+            error_report("%s: Not enough data available to load for Id: '%s'. "
+                "Available data size: %zu, Actual vmstate size: %u",
+                __func__, id, avail, len);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (dbus_load_state_proxy(proxy,
+                g_buffered_input_stream_peek_buffer(G_BUFFERED_INPUT_STREAM(s),
+                                                    NULL),
+                len) < 0) {
+            error_report("%s: Failed to restore Id '%s'", __func__, id);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (!g_seekable_seek(G_SEEKABLE(s), len, G_SEEK_CUR, NULL, &err)) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        nelem -= 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+
+error:
+    error_report("%s: Failed to read from stream: %s", __func__, err->message);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static void
+dbus_save_state_proxy(gpointer key,
+                      gpointer value,
+                      gpointer user_data)
+{
+    GDataOutputStream *s = user_data;
+    const char *id = key;
+    GDBusProxy *proxy = value;
+    g_autoptr(GVariant) result = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GVariant) child = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GError) err = NULL;
+    const uint8_t *data;
+    gsize size;
+
+    trace_dbus_vmstate_saving(id);
+
+    result = g_dbus_proxy_call_sync(proxy, "Save",
+                                    NULL, G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NO_AUTO_START,
+                                    -1, NULL, &err);
+    if (!result) {
+        error_report("%s: Failed to Save: %s", __func__, err->message);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    child = g_variant_get_child_value(result, 0);
+    data = g_variant_get_fixed_array(child, &size, sizeof(char));
+    if (!data) {
+        error_report("%s: Failed to Save: not a byte array", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (size > DBUS_VMSTATE_SIZE_LIMIT) {
+        error_report("%s: Too large vmstate data to save: %zu",
+                     __func__, (size_t)size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!g_data_output_stream_put_uint32(s, strlen(id), NULL, &err) ||
+        !g_data_output_stream_put_string(s, id, NULL, &err) ||
+        !g_data_output_stream_put_uint32(s, size, NULL, &err) ||
+        !g_output_stream_write_all(G_OUTPUT_STREAM(s),
+                                   data, size, NULL, NULL, &err)) {
+        error_report("%s: Failed to write to stream: %s",
+                     __func__, err->message);
+    }
+}
+
+static int dbus_vmstate_pre_save(void *opaque)
+{
+    DBusVMState *self = DBUS_VMSTATE(opaque);
+    g_autoptr(GOutputStream) m = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GDataOutputStream) s = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GHashTable) proxies = NULL;
+    g_autoptr(GError) err = NULL;
+
+    trace_dbus_vmstate_pre_save();
+
+    proxies = dbus_get_proxies(self, &err);
+    if (!proxies) {
+        error_report("%s: Failed to get proxies: %s", __func__, err->message);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    m = g_memory_output_stream_new_resizable();
+    s = g_data_output_stream_new(m);
+    g_data_output_stream_set_byte_order(s, G_DATA_STREAM_BYTE_ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN);
+
+    if (!g_data_output_stream_put_uint32(s, g_hash_table_size(proxies),
+                                         NULL, &err)) {
+        error_report("%s: Failed to write to stream: %s",
+                     __func__, err->message);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    g_hash_table_foreach(proxies, dbus_save_state_proxy, s);
+
+    if (g_memory_output_stream_get_size(G_MEMORY_OUTPUT_STREAM(m))
+        > UINT32_MAX) {
+        error_report("%s: DBus vmstate buffer is too large", __func__);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!g_output_stream_close(G_OUTPUT_STREAM(m), NULL, &err)) {
+        error_report("%s: Failed to close stream: %s", __func__, err->message);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    g_free(self->data);
+    self->data_size =
+        g_memory_output_stream_get_size(G_MEMORY_OUTPUT_STREAM(m));
+    self->data =
+        g_memory_output_stream_steal_data(G_MEMORY_OUTPUT_STREAM(m));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static const VMStateDescription dbus_vmstate = {
+    .name = TYPE_DBUS_VMSTATE,
+    .version_id = 0,
+    .pre_save = dbus_vmstate_pre_save,
+    .post_load = dbus_vmstate_post_load,
+    .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(data_size, DBusVMState),
+        VMSTATE_VBUFFER_ALLOC_UINT32(data, DBusVMState, 0, 0, data_size),
+        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
+    }
+};
+
+static void
+dbus_vmstate_complete(UserCreatable *uc, Error **errp)
+{
+    DBusVMState *self = DBUS_VMSTATE(uc);
+    g_autoptr(GError) err = NULL;
+
+    if (!object_resolve_path_type("", TYPE_DBUS_VMSTATE, NULL)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "There is already an instance of %s",
+                   TYPE_DBUS_VMSTATE);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!self->dbus_addr) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "addr");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    self->bus = g_dbus_connection_new_for_address_sync(self->dbus_addr,
+                    G_DBUS_CONNECTION_FLAGS_AUTHENTICATION_CLIENT |
+                    G_DBUS_CONNECTION_FLAGS_MESSAGE_BUS_CONNECTION,
+                    NULL, NULL, &err);
+    if (err) {
+        error_setg(errp, "failed to connect to DBus: '%s'", err->message);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (vmstate_register(VMSTATE_IF(self), VMSTATE_INSTANCE_ID_ANY,
+                         &dbus_vmstate, self) < 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Failed to register vmstate");
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+dbus_vmstate_finalize(Object *o)
+{
+    DBusVMState *self = DBUS_VMSTATE(o);
+
+    vmstate_unregister(VMSTATE_IF(self), &dbus_vmstate, self);
+
+    g_clear_object(&self->bus);
+    g_free(self->dbus_addr);
+    g_free(self->id_list);
+    g_free(self->data);
+}
+
+static char *
+get_dbus_addr(Object *o, Error **errp)
+{
+    DBusVMState *self = DBUS_VMSTATE(o);
+
+    return g_strdup(self->dbus_addr);
+}
+
+static void
+set_dbus_addr(Object *o, const char *str, Error **errp)
+{
+    DBusVMState *self = DBUS_VMSTATE(o);
+
+    g_free(self->dbus_addr);
+    self->dbus_addr = g_strdup(str);
+}
+
+static char *
+get_id_list(Object *o, Error **errp)
+{
+    DBusVMState *self = DBUS_VMSTATE(o);
+
+    return g_strdup(self->id_list);
+}
+
+static void
+set_id_list(Object *o, const char *str, Error **errp)
+{
+    DBusVMState *self = DBUS_VMSTATE(o);
+
+    g_free(self->id_list);
+    self->id_list = g_strdup(str);
+}
+
+static char *
+dbus_vmstate_get_id(VMStateIf *vmif)
+{
+    return g_strdup(TYPE_DBUS_VMSTATE);
+}
+
+static void
+dbus_vmstate_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    UserCreatableClass *ucc = USER_CREATABLE_CLASS(oc);
+    VMStateIfClass *vc = VMSTATE_IF_CLASS(oc);
+
+    ucc->complete = dbus_vmstate_complete;
+    vc->get_id = dbus_vmstate_get_id;
+
+    object_class_property_add_str(oc, "addr",
+                                  get_dbus_addr, set_dbus_addr);
+    object_class_property_add_str(oc, "id-list",
+                                  get_id_list, set_id_list);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo dbus_vmstate_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_DBUS_VMSTATE,
+    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(DBusVMState),
+    .instance_finalize = dbus_vmstate_finalize,
+    .class_init = dbus_vmstate_class_init,
+    .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
+        { TYPE_USER_CREATABLE },
+        { TYPE_VMSTATE_IF },
+        { }
+    }
+};
+
+static void
+register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&dbus_vmstate_info);
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/backends/hostmem-epc.c b/backends/hostmem-epc.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b47f98b6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/hostmem-epc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU host SGX EPC memory backend
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *   Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qemu-common.h"
+#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
+#include "hw/i386/hostmem-epc.h"
+
+static void
+sgx_epc_backend_memory_alloc(HostMemoryBackend *backend, Error **errp)
+{
+    uint32_t ram_flags;
+    char *name;
+    int fd;
+
+    if (!backend->size) {
+        error_setg(errp, "can't create backend with size 0");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    fd = qemu_open_old("/dev/sgx_vepc", O_RDWR);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, errno,
+                         "failed to open /dev/sgx_vepc to alloc SGX EPC");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    name = object_get_canonical_path(OBJECT(backend));
+    ram_flags = (backend->share ? RAM_SHARED : 0) | RAM_PROTECTED;
+    memory_region_init_ram_from_fd(&backend->mr, OBJECT(backend),
+                                   name, backend->size, ram_flags,
+                                   fd, 0, errp);
+    g_free(name);
+}
+
+static void sgx_epc_backend_instance_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *m = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    m->share = true;
+    m->merge = false;
+    m->dump = false;
+}
+
+static void sgx_epc_backend_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendClass *bc = MEMORY_BACKEND_CLASS(oc);
+
+    bc->alloc = sgx_epc_backend_memory_alloc;
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo sgx_epc_backed_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND_EPC,
+    .parent = TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND,
+    .instance_init = sgx_epc_backend_instance_init,
+    .class_init = sgx_epc_backend_class_init,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(HostMemoryBackendEpc),
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    int fd = qemu_open_old("/dev/sgx_vepc", O_RDWR);
+    if (fd >= 0) {
+        close(fd);
+
+        type_register_static(&sgx_epc_backed_info);
+    }
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/backends/hostmem-file.c b/backends/hostmem-file.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd038024f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/hostmem-file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Host Memory Backend for hugetlbfs
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2013-2014 Red Hat Inc
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *   Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
+#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(HostMemoryBackendFile, MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE)
+
+
+struct HostMemoryBackendFile {
+    HostMemoryBackend parent_obj;
+
+    char *mem_path;
+    uint64_t align;
+    bool discard_data;
+    bool is_pmem;
+    bool readonly;
+};
+
+static void
+file_backend_memory_alloc(HostMemoryBackend *backend, Error **errp)
+{
+#ifndef CONFIG_POSIX
+    error_setg(errp, "backend '%s' not supported on this host",
+               object_get_typename(OBJECT(backend)));
+#else
+    HostMemoryBackendFile *fb = MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(backend);
+    uint32_t ram_flags;
+    gchar *name;
+
+    if (!backend->size) {
+        error_setg(errp, "can't create backend with size 0");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!fb->mem_path) {
+        error_setg(errp, "mem-path property not set");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    name = host_memory_backend_get_name(backend);
+    ram_flags = backend->share ? RAM_SHARED : 0;
+    ram_flags |= backend->reserve ? 0 : RAM_NORESERVE;
+    ram_flags |= fb->is_pmem ? RAM_PMEM : 0;
+    memory_region_init_ram_from_file(&backend->mr, OBJECT(backend), name,
+                                     backend->size, fb->align, ram_flags,
+                                     fb->mem_path, fb->readonly, errp);
+    g_free(name);
+#endif
+}
+
+static char *get_mem_path(Object *o, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendFile *fb = MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(o);
+
+    return g_strdup(fb->mem_path);
+}
+
+static void set_mem_path(Object *o, const char *str, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(o);
+    HostMemoryBackendFile *fb = MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(o);
+
+    if (host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "cannot change property 'mem-path' of %s",
+                   object_get_typename(o));
+        return;
+    }
+    g_free(fb->mem_path);
+    fb->mem_path = g_strdup(str);
+}
+
+static bool file_memory_backend_get_discard_data(Object *o, Error **errp)
+{
+    return MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(o)->discard_data;
+}
+
+static void file_memory_backend_set_discard_data(Object *o, bool value,
+                                               Error **errp)
+{
+    MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(o)->discard_data = value;
+}
+
+static void file_memory_backend_get_align(Object *o, Visitor *v,
+                                          const char *name, void *opaque,
+                                          Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendFile *fb = MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(o);
+    uint64_t val = fb->align;
+
+    visit_type_size(v, name, &val, errp);
+}
+
+static void file_memory_backend_set_align(Object *o, Visitor *v,
+                                          const char *name, void *opaque,
+                                          Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(o);
+    HostMemoryBackendFile *fb = MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(o);
+    uint64_t val;
+
+    if (host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "cannot change property '%s' of %s", name,
+                   object_get_typename(o));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!visit_type_size(v, name, &val, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    fb->align = val;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_LIBPMEM
+static bool file_memory_backend_get_pmem(Object *o, Error **errp)
+{
+    return MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(o)->is_pmem;
+}
+
+static void file_memory_backend_set_pmem(Object *o, bool value, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(o);
+    HostMemoryBackendFile *fb = MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(o);
+
+    if (host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "cannot change property 'pmem' of %s.",
+                   object_get_typename(o));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    fb->is_pmem = value;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_LIBPMEM */
+
+static bool file_memory_backend_get_readonly(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendFile *fb = MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(obj);
+
+    return fb->readonly;
+}
+
+static void file_memory_backend_set_readonly(Object *obj, bool value,
+                                             Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+    HostMemoryBackendFile *fb = MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(obj);
+
+    if (host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "cannot change property 'readonly' of %s.",
+                   object_get_typename(obj));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    fb->readonly = value;
+}
+
+static void file_backend_unparent(Object *obj)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+    HostMemoryBackendFile *fb = MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(obj);
+
+    if (host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend) && fb->discard_data) {
+        void *ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&backend->mr);
+        uint64_t sz = memory_region_size(&backend->mr);
+
+        qemu_madvise(ptr, sz, QEMU_MADV_REMOVE);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+file_backend_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendClass *bc = MEMORY_BACKEND_CLASS(oc);
+
+    bc->alloc = file_backend_memory_alloc;
+    oc->unparent = file_backend_unparent;
+
+    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "discard-data",
+        file_memory_backend_get_discard_data, file_memory_backend_set_discard_data);
+    object_class_property_add_str(oc, "mem-path",
+        get_mem_path, set_mem_path);
+    object_class_property_add(oc, "align", "int",
+        file_memory_backend_get_align,
+        file_memory_backend_set_align,
+        NULL, NULL);
+#ifdef CONFIG_LIBPMEM
+    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "pmem",
+        file_memory_backend_get_pmem, file_memory_backend_set_pmem);
+#endif
+    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "readonly",
+        file_memory_backend_get_readonly,
+        file_memory_backend_set_readonly);
+}
+
+static void file_backend_instance_finalize(Object *o)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendFile *fb = MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE(o);
+
+    g_free(fb->mem_path);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo file_backend_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE,
+    .parent = TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND,
+    .class_init = file_backend_class_init,
+    .instance_finalize = file_backend_instance_finalize,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(HostMemoryBackendFile),
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&file_backend_info);
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/backends/hostmem-memfd.c b/backends/hostmem-memfd.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fc85c3db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/hostmem-memfd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU host memfd memory backend
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 Red Hat Inc
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *   Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
+#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
+#include "qemu/memfd.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+#define TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD "memory-backend-memfd"
+
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(HostMemoryBackendMemfd, MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD)
+
+
+struct HostMemoryBackendMemfd {
+    HostMemoryBackend parent_obj;
+
+    bool hugetlb;
+    uint64_t hugetlbsize;
+    bool seal;
+};
+
+static void
+memfd_backend_memory_alloc(HostMemoryBackend *backend, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendMemfd *m = MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD(backend);
+    uint32_t ram_flags;
+    char *name;
+    int fd;
+
+    if (!backend->size) {
+        error_setg(errp, "can't create backend with size 0");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    fd = qemu_memfd_create(TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD, backend->size,
+                           m->hugetlb, m->hugetlbsize, m->seal ?
+                           F_SEAL_GROW | F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_SEAL : 0,
+                           errp);
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    name = host_memory_backend_get_name(backend);
+    ram_flags = backend->share ? RAM_SHARED : 0;
+    ram_flags |= backend->reserve ? 0 : RAM_NORESERVE;
+    memory_region_init_ram_from_fd(&backend->mr, OBJECT(backend), name,
+                                   backend->size, ram_flags, fd, 0, errp);
+    g_free(name);
+}
+
+static bool
+memfd_backend_get_hugetlb(Object *o, Error **errp)
+{
+    return MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD(o)->hugetlb;
+}
+
+static void
+memfd_backend_set_hugetlb(Object *o, bool value, Error **errp)
+{
+    MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD(o)->hugetlb = value;
+}
+
+static void
+memfd_backend_set_hugetlbsize(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
+                              void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendMemfd *m = MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD(obj);
+    uint64_t value;
+
+    if (host_memory_backend_mr_inited(MEMORY_BACKEND(obj))) {
+        error_setg(errp, "cannot change property value");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!value) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Property '%s.%s' doesn't take value '%" PRIu64 "'",
+                   object_get_typename(obj), name, value);
+        return;
+    }
+    m->hugetlbsize = value;
+}
+
+static void
+memfd_backend_get_hugetlbsize(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
+                              void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendMemfd *m = MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD(obj);
+    uint64_t value = m->hugetlbsize;
+
+    visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp);
+}
+
+static bool
+memfd_backend_get_seal(Object *o, Error **errp)
+{
+    return MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD(o)->seal;
+}
+
+static void
+memfd_backend_set_seal(Object *o, bool value, Error **errp)
+{
+    MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD(o)->seal = value;
+}
+
+static void
+memfd_backend_instance_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendMemfd *m = MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD(obj);
+
+    /* default to sealed file */
+    m->seal = true;
+    MEMORY_BACKEND(m)->share = true;
+}
+
+static void
+memfd_backend_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendClass *bc = MEMORY_BACKEND_CLASS(oc);
+
+    bc->alloc = memfd_backend_memory_alloc;
+
+    if (qemu_memfd_check(MFD_HUGETLB)) {
+        object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "hugetlb",
+                                       memfd_backend_get_hugetlb,
+                                       memfd_backend_set_hugetlb);
+        object_class_property_set_description(oc, "hugetlb",
+                                              "Use huge pages");
+        object_class_property_add(oc, "hugetlbsize", "int",
+                                  memfd_backend_get_hugetlbsize,
+                                  memfd_backend_set_hugetlbsize,
+                                  NULL, NULL);
+        object_class_property_set_description(oc, "hugetlbsize",
+                                              "Huge pages size (ex: 2M, 1G)");
+    }
+    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "seal",
+                                   memfd_backend_get_seal,
+                                   memfd_backend_set_seal);
+    object_class_property_set_description(oc, "seal",
+                                          "Seal growing & shrinking");
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo memfd_backend_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND_MEMFD,
+    .parent = TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND,
+    .instance_init = memfd_backend_instance_init,
+    .class_init = memfd_backend_class_init,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(HostMemoryBackendMemfd),
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    if (qemu_memfd_check(MFD_ALLOW_SEALING)) {
+        type_register_static(&memfd_backend_info);
+    }
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/backends/hostmem-ram.c b/backends/hostmem-ram.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8e55cdbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/hostmem-ram.c
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Host Memory Backend
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2013-2014 Red Hat Inc
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *   Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
+
+static void
+ram_backend_memory_alloc(HostMemoryBackend *backend, Error **errp)
+{
+    uint32_t ram_flags;
+    char *name;
+
+    if (!backend->size) {
+        error_setg(errp, "can't create backend with size 0");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    name = host_memory_backend_get_name(backend);
+    ram_flags = backend->share ? RAM_SHARED : 0;
+    ram_flags |= backend->reserve ? 0 : RAM_NORESERVE;
+    memory_region_init_ram_flags_nomigrate(&backend->mr, OBJECT(backend), name,
+                                           backend->size, ram_flags, errp);
+    g_free(name);
+}
+
+static void
+ram_backend_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackendClass *bc = MEMORY_BACKEND_CLASS(oc);
+
+    bc->alloc = ram_backend_memory_alloc;
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo ram_backend_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND_RAM,
+    .parent = TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND,
+    .class_init = ram_backend_class_init,
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&ram_backend_info);
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/backends/hostmem.c b/backends/hostmem.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c05862ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/hostmem.c
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Host Memory Backend
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2013-2014 Red Hat Inc
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *   Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
+#include "hw/boards.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/qapi-builtin-visit.h"
+#include "qapi/visitor.h"
+#include "qemu/config-file.h"
+#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
+#include "qemu/mmap-alloc.h"
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
+#include <numaif.h>
+QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(HOST_MEM_POLICY_DEFAULT != MPOL_DEFAULT);
+QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(HOST_MEM_POLICY_PREFERRED != MPOL_PREFERRED);
+QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(HOST_MEM_POLICY_BIND != MPOL_BIND);
+QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(HOST_MEM_POLICY_INTERLEAVE != MPOL_INTERLEAVE);
+#endif
+
+char *
+host_memory_backend_get_name(HostMemoryBackend *backend)
+{
+    if (!backend->use_canonical_path) {
+        return g_strdup(object_get_canonical_path_component(OBJECT(backend)));
+    }
+
+    return object_get_canonical_path(OBJECT(backend));
+}
+
+static void
+host_memory_backend_get_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
+                             void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+    uint64_t value = backend->size;
+
+    visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp);
+}
+
+static void
+host_memory_backend_set_size(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
+                             void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+    uint64_t value;
+
+    if (host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "cannot change property %s of %s ", name,
+                   object_get_typename(obj));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!visit_type_size(v, name, &value, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!value) {
+        error_setg(errp,
+                   "property '%s' of %s doesn't take value '%" PRIu64 "'",
+                   name, object_get_typename(obj), value);
+        return;
+    }
+    backend->size = value;
+}
+
+static void
+host_memory_backend_get_host_nodes(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
+                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+    uint16List *host_nodes = NULL;
+    uint16List **tail = &host_nodes;
+    unsigned long value;
+
+    value = find_first_bit(backend->host_nodes, MAX_NODES);
+    if (value == MAX_NODES) {
+        goto ret;
+    }
+
+    QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, value);
+
+    do {
+        value = find_next_bit(backend->host_nodes, MAX_NODES, value + 1);
+        if (value == MAX_NODES) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, value);
+    } while (true);
+
+ret:
+    visit_type_uint16List(v, name, &host_nodes, errp);
+    qapi_free_uint16List(host_nodes);
+}
+
+static void
+host_memory_backend_set_host_nodes(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
+                                   void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+    uint16List *l, *host_nodes = NULL;
+
+    visit_type_uint16List(v, name, &host_nodes, errp);
+
+    for (l = host_nodes; l; l = l->next) {
+        if (l->value >= MAX_NODES) {
+            error_setg(errp, "Invalid host-nodes value: %d", l->value);
+            goto out;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (l = host_nodes; l; l = l->next) {
+        bitmap_set(backend->host_nodes, l->value, 1);
+    }
+
+out:
+    qapi_free_uint16List(host_nodes);
+#else
+    error_setg(errp, "NUMA node binding are not supported by this QEMU");
+#endif
+}
+
+static int
+host_memory_backend_get_policy(Object *obj, Error **errp G_GNUC_UNUSED)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+    return backend->policy;
+}
+
+static void
+host_memory_backend_set_policy(Object *obj, int policy, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+    backend->policy = policy;
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_NUMA
+    if (policy != HOST_MEM_POLICY_DEFAULT) {
+        error_setg(errp, "NUMA policies are not supported by this QEMU");
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static bool host_memory_backend_get_merge(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    return backend->merge;
+}
+
+static void host_memory_backend_set_merge(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    if (!host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend)) {
+        backend->merge = value;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (value != backend->merge) {
+        void *ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&backend->mr);
+        uint64_t sz = memory_region_size(&backend->mr);
+
+        qemu_madvise(ptr, sz,
+                     value ? QEMU_MADV_MERGEABLE : QEMU_MADV_UNMERGEABLE);
+        backend->merge = value;
+    }
+}
+
+static bool host_memory_backend_get_dump(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    return backend->dump;
+}
+
+static void host_memory_backend_set_dump(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    if (!host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend)) {
+        backend->dump = value;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (value != backend->dump) {
+        void *ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&backend->mr);
+        uint64_t sz = memory_region_size(&backend->mr);
+
+        qemu_madvise(ptr, sz,
+                     value ? QEMU_MADV_DODUMP : QEMU_MADV_DONTDUMP);
+        backend->dump = value;
+    }
+}
+
+static bool host_memory_backend_get_prealloc(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    return backend->prealloc;
+}
+
+static void host_memory_backend_set_prealloc(Object *obj, bool value,
+                                             Error **errp)
+{
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    if (!backend->reserve && value) {
+        error_setg(errp, "'prealloc=on' and 'reserve=off' are incompatible");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend)) {
+        backend->prealloc = value;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (value && !backend->prealloc) {
+        int fd = memory_region_get_fd(&backend->mr);
+        void *ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&backend->mr);
+        uint64_t sz = memory_region_size(&backend->mr);
+
+        os_mem_prealloc(fd, ptr, sz, backend->prealloc_threads, &local_err);
+        if (local_err) {
+            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+            return;
+        }
+        backend->prealloc = true;
+    }
+}
+
+static void host_memory_backend_get_prealloc_threads(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
+    const char *name, void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+    visit_type_uint32(v, name, &backend->prealloc_threads, errp);
+}
+
+static void host_memory_backend_set_prealloc_threads(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
+    const char *name, void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+    uint32_t value;
+
+    if (!visit_type_uint32(v, name, &value, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (value <= 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, "property '%s' of %s doesn't take value '%d'", name,
+                   object_get_typename(obj), value);
+        return;
+    }
+    backend->prealloc_threads = value;
+}
+
+static void host_memory_backend_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+    MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
+
+    /* TODO: convert access to globals to compat properties */
+    backend->merge = machine_mem_merge(machine);
+    backend->dump = machine_dump_guest_core(machine);
+    backend->reserve = true;
+    backend->prealloc_threads = 1;
+}
+
+static void host_memory_backend_post_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    object_apply_compat_props(obj);
+}
+
+bool host_memory_backend_mr_inited(HostMemoryBackend *backend)
+{
+    /*
+     * NOTE: We forbid zero-length memory backend, so here zero means
+     * "we haven't inited the backend memory region yet".
+     */
+    return memory_region_size(&backend->mr) != 0;
+}
+
+MemoryRegion *host_memory_backend_get_memory(HostMemoryBackend *backend)
+{
+    return host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend) ? &backend->mr : NULL;
+}
+
+void host_memory_backend_set_mapped(HostMemoryBackend *backend, bool mapped)
+{
+    backend->is_mapped = mapped;
+}
+
+bool host_memory_backend_is_mapped(HostMemoryBackend *backend)
+{
+    return backend->is_mapped;
+}
+
+#ifdef __linux__
+size_t host_memory_backend_pagesize(HostMemoryBackend *memdev)
+{
+    Object *obj = OBJECT(memdev);
+    char *path = object_property_get_str(obj, "mem-path", NULL);
+    size_t pagesize = qemu_mempath_getpagesize(path);
+
+    g_free(path);
+    return pagesize;
+}
+#else
+size_t host_memory_backend_pagesize(HostMemoryBackend *memdev)
+{
+    return qemu_real_host_page_size;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
+host_memory_backend_memory_complete(UserCreatable *uc, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(uc);
+    HostMemoryBackendClass *bc = MEMORY_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(uc);
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+    void *ptr;
+    uint64_t sz;
+
+    if (bc->alloc) {
+        bc->alloc(backend, &local_err);
+        if (local_err) {
+            goto out;
+        }
+
+        ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&backend->mr);
+        sz = memory_region_size(&backend->mr);
+
+        if (backend->merge) {
+            qemu_madvise(ptr, sz, QEMU_MADV_MERGEABLE);
+        }
+        if (!backend->dump) {
+            qemu_madvise(ptr, sz, QEMU_MADV_DONTDUMP);
+        }
+#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
+        unsigned long lastbit = find_last_bit(backend->host_nodes, MAX_NODES);
+        /* lastbit == MAX_NODES means maxnode = 0 */
+        unsigned long maxnode = (lastbit + 1) % (MAX_NODES + 1);
+        /* ensure policy won't be ignored in case memory is preallocated
+         * before mbind(). note: MPOL_MF_STRICT is ignored on hugepages so
+         * this doesn't catch hugepage case. */
+        unsigned flags = MPOL_MF_STRICT | MPOL_MF_MOVE;
+
+        /* check for invalid host-nodes and policies and give more verbose
+         * error messages than mbind(). */
+        if (maxnode && backend->policy == MPOL_DEFAULT) {
+            error_setg(errp, "host-nodes must be empty for policy default,"
+                       " or you should explicitly specify a policy other"
+                       " than default");
+            return;
+        } else if (maxnode == 0 && backend->policy != MPOL_DEFAULT) {
+            error_setg(errp, "host-nodes must be set for policy %s",
+                       HostMemPolicy_str(backend->policy));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        /* We can have up to MAX_NODES nodes, but we need to pass maxnode+1
+         * as argument to mbind() due to an old Linux bug (feature?) which
+         * cuts off the last specified node. This means backend->host_nodes
+         * must have MAX_NODES+1 bits available.
+         */
+        assert(sizeof(backend->host_nodes) >=
+               BITS_TO_LONGS(MAX_NODES + 1) * sizeof(unsigned long));
+        assert(maxnode <= MAX_NODES);
+
+        if (maxnode &&
+            mbind(ptr, sz, backend->policy, backend->host_nodes, maxnode + 1,
+                  flags)) {
+            if (backend->policy != MPOL_DEFAULT || errno != ENOSYS) {
+                error_setg_errno(errp, errno,
+                                 "cannot bind memory to host NUMA nodes");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+        /* Preallocate memory after the NUMA policy has been instantiated.
+         * This is necessary to guarantee memory is allocated with
+         * specified NUMA policy in place.
+         */
+        if (backend->prealloc) {
+            os_mem_prealloc(memory_region_get_fd(&backend->mr), ptr, sz,
+                            backend->prealloc_threads, &local_err);
+            if (local_err) {
+                goto out;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+out:
+    error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+}
+
+static bool
+host_memory_backend_can_be_deleted(UserCreatable *uc)
+{
+    if (host_memory_backend_is_mapped(MEMORY_BACKEND(uc))) {
+        return false;
+    } else {
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+static bool host_memory_backend_get_share(Object *o, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(o);
+
+    return backend->share;
+}
+
+static void host_memory_backend_set_share(Object *o, bool value, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(o);
+
+    if (host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "cannot change property value");
+        return;
+    }
+    backend->share = value;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_LINUX
+static bool host_memory_backend_get_reserve(Object *o, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(o);
+
+    return backend->reserve;
+}
+
+static void host_memory_backend_set_reserve(Object *o, bool value, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(o);
+
+    if (host_memory_backend_mr_inited(backend)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "cannot change property value");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (backend->prealloc && !value) {
+        error_setg(errp, "'prealloc=on' and 'reserve=off' are incompatible");
+        return;
+    }
+    backend->reserve = value;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_LINUX */
+
+static bool
+host_memory_backend_get_use_canonical_path(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    return backend->use_canonical_path;
+}
+
+static void
+host_memory_backend_set_use_canonical_path(Object *obj, bool value,
+                                           Error **errp)
+{
+    HostMemoryBackend *backend = MEMORY_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    backend->use_canonical_path = value;
+}
+
+static void
+host_memory_backend_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    UserCreatableClass *ucc = USER_CREATABLE_CLASS(oc);
+
+    ucc->complete = host_memory_backend_memory_complete;
+    ucc->can_be_deleted = host_memory_backend_can_be_deleted;
+
+    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "merge",
+        host_memory_backend_get_merge,
+        host_memory_backend_set_merge);
+    object_class_property_set_description(oc, "merge",
+        "Mark memory as mergeable");
+    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "dump",
+        host_memory_backend_get_dump,
+        host_memory_backend_set_dump);
+    object_class_property_set_description(oc, "dump",
+        "Set to 'off' to exclude from core dump");
+    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "prealloc",
+        host_memory_backend_get_prealloc,
+        host_memory_backend_set_prealloc);
+    object_class_property_set_description(oc, "prealloc",
+        "Preallocate memory");
+    object_class_property_add(oc, "prealloc-threads", "int",
+        host_memory_backend_get_prealloc_threads,
+        host_memory_backend_set_prealloc_threads,
+        NULL, NULL);
+    object_class_property_set_description(oc, "prealloc-threads",
+        "Number of CPU threads to use for prealloc");
+    object_class_property_add(oc, "size", "int",
+        host_memory_backend_get_size,
+        host_memory_backend_set_size,
+        NULL, NULL);
+    object_class_property_set_description(oc, "size",
+        "Size of the memory region (ex: 500M)");
+    object_class_property_add(oc, "host-nodes", "int",
+        host_memory_backend_get_host_nodes,
+        host_memory_backend_set_host_nodes,
+        NULL, NULL);
+    object_class_property_set_description(oc, "host-nodes",
+        "Binds memory to the list of NUMA host nodes");
+    object_class_property_add_enum(oc, "policy", "HostMemPolicy",
+        &HostMemPolicy_lookup,
+        host_memory_backend_get_policy,
+        host_memory_backend_set_policy);
+    object_class_property_set_description(oc, "policy",
+        "Set the NUMA policy");
+    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "share",
+        host_memory_backend_get_share, host_memory_backend_set_share);
+    object_class_property_set_description(oc, "share",
+        "Mark the memory as private to QEMU or shared");
+#ifdef CONFIG_LINUX
+    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "reserve",
+        host_memory_backend_get_reserve, host_memory_backend_set_reserve);
+    object_class_property_set_description(oc, "reserve",
+        "Reserve swap space (or huge pages) if applicable");
+#endif /* CONFIG_LINUX */
+    /*
+     * Do not delete/rename option. This option must be considered stable
+     * (as if it didn't have the 'x-' prefix including deprecation period) as
+     * long as 4.0 and older machine types exists.
+     * Option will be used by upper layers to override (disable) canonical path
+     * for ramblock-id set by compat properties on old machine types ( <= 4.0),
+     * to keep migration working when backend is used for main RAM with
+     * -machine memory-backend= option (main RAM historically used prefix-less
+     * ramblock-id).
+     */
+    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "x-use-canonical-path-for-ramblock-id",
+        host_memory_backend_get_use_canonical_path,
+        host_memory_backend_set_use_canonical_path);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo host_memory_backend_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND,
+    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
+    .abstract = true,
+    .class_size = sizeof(HostMemoryBackendClass),
+    .class_init = host_memory_backend_class_init,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(HostMemoryBackend),
+    .instance_init = host_memory_backend_init,
+    .instance_post_init = host_memory_backend_post_init,
+    .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
+        { TYPE_USER_CREATABLE },
+        { }
+    }
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&host_memory_backend_info);
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/backends/meson.build b/backends/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e6894552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+softmmu_ss.add([files(
+  'cryptodev-builtin.c',
+  'cryptodev.c',
+  'hostmem-ram.c',
+  'hostmem.c',
+  'rng-builtin.c',
+  'rng-egd.c',
+  'rng.c',
+  'confidential-guest-support.c',
+), numa])
+
+softmmu_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_POSIX', if_true: files('rng-random.c'))
+softmmu_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_POSIX', if_true: files('hostmem-file.c'))
+softmmu_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_LINUX', if_true: files('hostmem-memfd.c'))
+softmmu_ss.add(when: ['CONFIG_VHOST_USER', 'CONFIG_VIRTIO'], if_true: files('vhost-user.c'))
+softmmu_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_VIRTIO_CRYPTO', if_true: files('cryptodev-vhost.c'))
+softmmu_ss.add(when: ['CONFIG_VIRTIO_CRYPTO', 'CONFIG_VHOST_CRYPTO'], if_true: files('cryptodev-vhost-user.c'))
+softmmu_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_GIO', if_true: [files('dbus-vmstate.c'), gio])
+softmmu_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_SGX', if_true: files('hostmem-epc.c'))
+
+subdir('tpm')
diff --git a/backends/rng-builtin.c b/backends/rng-builtin.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f367eb665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/rng-builtin.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Builtin Random Number Generator Backend
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "sysemu/rng.h"
+#include "qemu/main-loop.h"
+#include "qemu/guest-random.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+#include "sysemu/replay.h"
+
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(RngBuiltin, RNG_BUILTIN)
+
+struct RngBuiltin {
+    RngBackend parent;
+    QEMUBH *bh;
+};
+
+static void rng_builtin_receive_entropy_bh(void *opaque)
+{
+    RngBuiltin *s = opaque;
+
+    while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&s->parent.requests)) {
+        RngRequest *req = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(&s->parent.requests);
+
+        qemu_guest_getrandom_nofail(req->data, req->size);
+
+        req->receive_entropy(req->opaque, req->data, req->size);
+
+        rng_backend_finalize_request(&s->parent, req);
+    }
+}
+
+static void rng_builtin_request_entropy(RngBackend *b, RngRequest *req)
+{
+    RngBuiltin *s = RNG_BUILTIN(b);
+
+    replay_bh_schedule_event(s->bh);
+}
+
+static void rng_builtin_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    RngBuiltin *s = RNG_BUILTIN(obj);
+
+    s->bh = qemu_bh_new(rng_builtin_receive_entropy_bh, s);
+}
+
+static void rng_builtin_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    RngBuiltin *s = RNG_BUILTIN(obj);
+
+    qemu_bh_delete(s->bh);
+}
+
+static void rng_builtin_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+{
+    RngBackendClass *rbc = RNG_BACKEND_CLASS(klass);
+
+    rbc->request_entropy = rng_builtin_request_entropy;
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo rng_builtin_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_RNG_BUILTIN,
+    .parent = TYPE_RNG_BACKEND,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(RngBuiltin),
+    .instance_init = rng_builtin_init,
+    .instance_finalize = rng_builtin_finalize,
+    .class_init = rng_builtin_class_init,
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&rng_builtin_info);
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/backends/rng-egd.c b/backends/rng-egd.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4de142b9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/rng-egd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Random Number Generator Backend
+ *
+ * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2012
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Anthony Liguori   <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "sysemu/rng.h"
+#include "chardev/char-fe.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+#define TYPE_RNG_EGD "rng-egd"
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(RngEgd, RNG_EGD)
+
+struct RngEgd {
+    RngBackend parent;
+
+    CharBackend chr;
+    char *chr_name;
+};
+
+static void rng_egd_request_entropy(RngBackend *b, RngRequest *req)
+{
+    RngEgd *s = RNG_EGD(b);
+    size_t size = req->size;
+
+    while (size > 0) {
+        uint8_t header[2];
+        uint8_t len = MIN(size, 255);
+
+        /* synchronous entropy request */
+        header[0] = 0x02;
+        header[1] = len;
+
+        /* XXX this blocks entire thread. Rewrite to use
+         * qemu_chr_fe_write and background I/O callbacks */
+        qemu_chr_fe_write_all(&s->chr, header, sizeof(header));
+
+        size -= len;
+    }
+}
+
+static int rng_egd_chr_can_read(void *opaque)
+{
+    RngEgd *s = RNG_EGD(opaque);
+    RngRequest *req;
+    int size = 0;
+
+    QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(req, &s->parent.requests, next) {
+        size += req->size - req->offset;
+    }
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+static void rng_egd_chr_read(void *opaque, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
+{
+    RngEgd *s = RNG_EGD(opaque);
+    size_t buf_offset = 0;
+
+    while (size > 0 && !QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&s->parent.requests)) {
+        RngRequest *req = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(&s->parent.requests);
+        int len = MIN(size, req->size - req->offset);
+
+        memcpy(req->data + req->offset, buf + buf_offset, len);
+        buf_offset += len;
+        req->offset += len;
+        size -= len;
+
+        if (req->offset == req->size) {
+            req->receive_entropy(req->opaque, req->data, req->size);
+
+            rng_backend_finalize_request(&s->parent, req);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void rng_egd_opened(RngBackend *b, Error **errp)
+{
+    RngEgd *s = RNG_EGD(b);
+    Chardev *chr;
+
+    if (s->chr_name == NULL) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE,
+                   "chardev", "a valid character device");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    chr = qemu_chr_find(s->chr_name);
+    if (chr == NULL) {
+        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
+                  "Device '%s' not found", s->chr_name);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!qemu_chr_fe_init(&s->chr, chr, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* FIXME we should resubmit pending requests when the CDS reconnects. */
+    qemu_chr_fe_set_handlers(&s->chr, rng_egd_chr_can_read,
+                             rng_egd_chr_read, NULL, NULL, s, NULL, true);
+}
+
+static void rng_egd_set_chardev(Object *obj, const char *value, Error **errp)
+{
+    RngBackend *b = RNG_BACKEND(obj);
+    RngEgd *s = RNG_EGD(b);
+
+    if (b->opened) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_PERMISSION_DENIED);
+    } else {
+        g_free(s->chr_name);
+        s->chr_name = g_strdup(value);
+    }
+}
+
+static char *rng_egd_get_chardev(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    RngEgd *s = RNG_EGD(obj);
+    Chardev *chr = qemu_chr_fe_get_driver(&s->chr);
+
+    if (chr && chr->label) {
+        return g_strdup(chr->label);
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void rng_egd_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    RngEgd *s = RNG_EGD(obj);
+
+    qemu_chr_fe_deinit(&s->chr, false);
+    g_free(s->chr_name);
+}
+
+static void rng_egd_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+{
+    RngBackendClass *rbc = RNG_BACKEND_CLASS(klass);
+
+    rbc->request_entropy = rng_egd_request_entropy;
+    rbc->opened = rng_egd_opened;
+    object_class_property_add_str(klass, "chardev",
+                                  rng_egd_get_chardev, rng_egd_set_chardev);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo rng_egd_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_RNG_EGD,
+    .parent = TYPE_RNG_BACKEND,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(RngEgd),
+    .class_init = rng_egd_class_init,
+    .instance_finalize = rng_egd_finalize,
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&rng_egd_info);
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/backends/rng-random.c b/backends/rng-random.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7add272ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/rng-random.c
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Random Number Generator Backend
+ *
+ * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2012
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Anthony Liguori   <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "sysemu/rng-random.h"
+#include "sysemu/rng.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
+#include "qemu/main-loop.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+
+struct RngRandom
+{
+    RngBackend parent;
+
+    int fd;
+    char *filename;
+};
+
+/**
+ * A simple and incomplete backend to request entropy from /dev/random.
+ *
+ * This backend exposes an additional "filename" property that can be used to
+ * set the filename to use to open the backend.
+ */
+
+static void entropy_available(void *opaque)
+{
+    RngRandom *s = RNG_RANDOM(opaque);
+
+    while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&s->parent.requests)) {
+        RngRequest *req = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(&s->parent.requests);
+        ssize_t len;
+
+        len = read(s->fd, req->data, req->size);
+        if (len < 0 && errno == EAGAIN) {
+            return;
+        }
+        g_assert(len != -1);
+
+        req->receive_entropy(req->opaque, req->data, len);
+
+        rng_backend_finalize_request(&s->parent, req);
+    }
+
+    /* We've drained all requests, the fd handler can be reset. */
+    qemu_set_fd_handler(s->fd, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static void rng_random_request_entropy(RngBackend *b, RngRequest *req)
+{
+    RngRandom *s = RNG_RANDOM(b);
+
+    if (QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&s->parent.requests)) {
+        /* If there are no pending requests yet, we need to
+         * install our fd handler. */
+        qemu_set_fd_handler(s->fd, entropy_available, NULL, s);
+    }
+}
+
+static void rng_random_opened(RngBackend *b, Error **errp)
+{
+    RngRandom *s = RNG_RANDOM(b);
+
+    if (s->filename == NULL) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE,
+                   "filename", "a valid filename");
+    } else {
+        s->fd = qemu_open_old(s->filename, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
+        if (s->fd == -1) {
+            error_setg_file_open(errp, errno, s->filename);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static char *rng_random_get_filename(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    RngRandom *s = RNG_RANDOM(obj);
+
+    return g_strdup(s->filename);
+}
+
+static void rng_random_set_filename(Object *obj, const char *filename,
+                                 Error **errp)
+{
+    RngBackend *b = RNG_BACKEND(obj);
+    RngRandom *s = RNG_RANDOM(obj);
+
+    if (b->opened) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    g_free(s->filename);
+    s->filename = g_strdup(filename);
+}
+
+static void rng_random_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    RngRandom *s = RNG_RANDOM(obj);
+
+    s->filename = g_strdup("/dev/urandom");
+    s->fd = -1;
+}
+
+static void rng_random_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    RngRandom *s = RNG_RANDOM(obj);
+
+    if (s->fd != -1) {
+        qemu_set_fd_handler(s->fd, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        qemu_close(s->fd);
+    }
+
+    g_free(s->filename);
+}
+
+static void rng_random_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+{
+    RngBackendClass *rbc = RNG_BACKEND_CLASS(klass);
+
+    rbc->request_entropy = rng_random_request_entropy;
+    rbc->opened = rng_random_opened;
+    object_class_property_add_str(klass, "filename",
+                                  rng_random_get_filename,
+                                  rng_random_set_filename);
+
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo rng_random_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_RNG_RANDOM,
+    .parent = TYPE_RNG_BACKEND,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(RngRandom),
+    .class_init = rng_random_class_init,
+    .instance_init = rng_random_init,
+    .instance_finalize = rng_random_finalize,
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&rng_random_info);
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/backends/rng.c b/backends/rng.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3757b0448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/rng.c
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Random Number Generator Backend
+ *
+ * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2012
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Anthony Liguori   <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "sysemu/rng.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
+
+void rng_backend_request_entropy(RngBackend *s, size_t size,
+                                 EntropyReceiveFunc *receive_entropy,
+                                 void *opaque)
+{
+    RngBackendClass *k = RNG_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+    RngRequest *req;
+
+    if (k->request_entropy) {
+        req = g_malloc(sizeof(*req));
+
+        req->offset = 0;
+        req->size = size;
+        req->receive_entropy = receive_entropy;
+        req->opaque = opaque;
+        req->data = g_malloc(req->size);
+
+        k->request_entropy(s, req);
+
+        QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&s->requests, req, next);
+    }
+}
+
+static bool rng_backend_prop_get_opened(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    RngBackend *s = RNG_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    return s->opened;
+}
+
+static void rng_backend_complete(UserCreatable *uc, Error **errp)
+{
+    object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(uc), "opened", true, errp);
+}
+
+static void rng_backend_prop_set_opened(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
+{
+    RngBackend *s = RNG_BACKEND(obj);
+    RngBackendClass *k = RNG_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+
+    if (value == s->opened) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!value && s->opened) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (k->opened) {
+        k->opened(s, &local_err);
+        if (local_err) {
+            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    s->opened = true;
+}
+
+static void rng_backend_free_request(RngRequest *req)
+{
+    g_free(req->data);
+    g_free(req);
+}
+
+static void rng_backend_free_requests(RngBackend *s)
+{
+    RngRequest *req, *next;
+
+    QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(req, &s->requests, next, next) {
+        rng_backend_free_request(req);
+    }
+
+    QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&s->requests);
+}
+
+void rng_backend_finalize_request(RngBackend *s, RngRequest *req)
+{
+    QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE(&s->requests, req, RngRequest, next);
+    rng_backend_free_request(req);
+}
+
+static void rng_backend_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    RngBackend *s = RNG_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&s->requests);
+}
+
+static void rng_backend_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    RngBackend *s = RNG_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    rng_backend_free_requests(s);
+}
+
+static void rng_backend_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    UserCreatableClass *ucc = USER_CREATABLE_CLASS(oc);
+
+    ucc->complete = rng_backend_complete;
+
+    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "opened",
+                                   rng_backend_prop_get_opened,
+                                   rng_backend_prop_set_opened);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo rng_backend_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_RNG_BACKEND,
+    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(RngBackend),
+    .instance_init = rng_backend_init,
+    .instance_finalize = rng_backend_finalize,
+    .class_size = sizeof(RngBackendClass),
+    .class_init = rng_backend_class_init,
+    .abstract = true,
+    .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
+        { TYPE_USER_CREATABLE },
+        { }
+    }
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&rng_backend_info);
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/backends/tpm/Kconfig b/backends/tpm/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d91eb89c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/tpm/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+config TPM_BACKEND
+    bool
+    depends on TPM
+
+config TPM_PASSTHROUGH
+    bool
+    default y
+    # FIXME: should check for x86 host as well
+    depends on TPM_BACKEND && LINUX
+
+config TPM_EMULATOR
+    bool
+    default y
+    depends on TPM_BACKEND
diff --git a/backends/tpm/meson.build b/backends/tpm/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..857929082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/tpm/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+tpm_ss = ss.source_set()
+
+tpm_ss.add(files('tpm_backend.c'))
+tpm_ss.add(files('tpm_util.c'))
+tpm_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_TPM_PASSTHROUGH', if_true: files('tpm_passthrough.c'))
+tpm_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_TPM_EMULATOR', if_true: files('tpm_emulator.c'))
+
+softmmu_ss.add_all(when: 'CONFIG_TPM', if_true: tpm_ss)
diff --git a/backends/tpm/tpm_backend.c b/backends/tpm/tpm_backend.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..375587e74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/tpm/tpm_backend.c
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU TPM Backend
+ *
+ * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2013
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Stefan Berger   <stefanb@us.ibm.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ * Based on backends/rng.c by Anthony Liguori
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "sysemu/tpm_backend.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "sysemu/tpm.h"
+#include "qemu/thread.h"
+#include "qemu/main-loop.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "block/thread-pool.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+
+static void tpm_backend_request_completed(void *opaque, int ret)
+{
+    TPMBackend *s = TPM_BACKEND(opaque);
+    TPMIfClass *tic = TPM_IF_GET_CLASS(s->tpmif);
+
+    tic->request_completed(s->tpmif, ret);
+
+    /* no need for atomic, as long the BQL is taken */
+    s->cmd = NULL;
+    object_unref(OBJECT(s));
+}
+
+static int tpm_backend_worker_thread(gpointer data)
+{
+    TPMBackend *s = TPM_BACKEND(data);
+    TPMBackendClass *k = TPM_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+    Error *err = NULL;
+
+    k->handle_request(s, s->cmd, &err);
+    if (err) {
+        error_report_err(err);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void tpm_backend_finish_sync(TPMBackend *s)
+{
+    while (s->cmd) {
+        aio_poll(qemu_get_aio_context(), true);
+    }
+}
+
+enum TpmType tpm_backend_get_type(TPMBackend *s)
+{
+    TPMBackendClass *k = TPM_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+
+    return k->type;
+}
+
+int tpm_backend_init(TPMBackend *s, TPMIf *tpmif, Error **errp)
+{
+    if (s->tpmif) {
+        error_setg(errp, "TPM backend '%s' is already initialized", s->id);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    s->tpmif = tpmif;
+    object_ref(OBJECT(tpmif));
+
+    s->had_startup_error = false;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int tpm_backend_startup_tpm(TPMBackend *s, size_t buffersize)
+{
+    int res = 0;
+    TPMBackendClass *k = TPM_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+
+    /* terminate a running TPM */
+    tpm_backend_finish_sync(s);
+
+    res = k->startup_tpm ? k->startup_tpm(s, buffersize) : 0;
+
+    s->had_startup_error = (res != 0);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+bool tpm_backend_had_startup_error(TPMBackend *s)
+{
+    return s->had_startup_error;
+}
+
+void tpm_backend_deliver_request(TPMBackend *s, TPMBackendCmd *cmd)
+{
+    ThreadPool *pool = aio_get_thread_pool(qemu_get_aio_context());
+
+    if (s->cmd != NULL) {
+        error_report("There is a TPM request pending");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    s->cmd = cmd;
+    object_ref(OBJECT(s));
+    thread_pool_submit_aio(pool, tpm_backend_worker_thread, s,
+                           tpm_backend_request_completed, s);
+}
+
+void tpm_backend_reset(TPMBackend *s)
+{
+    TPMBackendClass *k = TPM_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+
+    if (k->reset) {
+        k->reset(s);
+    }
+
+    tpm_backend_finish_sync(s);
+
+    s->had_startup_error = false;
+}
+
+void tpm_backend_cancel_cmd(TPMBackend *s)
+{
+    TPMBackendClass *k = TPM_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+
+    k->cancel_cmd(s);
+}
+
+bool tpm_backend_get_tpm_established_flag(TPMBackend *s)
+{
+    TPMBackendClass *k = TPM_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+
+    return k->get_tpm_established_flag ?
+           k->get_tpm_established_flag(s) : false;
+}
+
+int tpm_backend_reset_tpm_established_flag(TPMBackend *s, uint8_t locty)
+{
+    TPMBackendClass *k = TPM_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+
+    return k->reset_tpm_established_flag ?
+           k->reset_tpm_established_flag(s, locty) : 0;
+}
+
+TPMVersion tpm_backend_get_tpm_version(TPMBackend *s)
+{
+    TPMBackendClass *k = TPM_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+
+    return k->get_tpm_version(s);
+}
+
+size_t tpm_backend_get_buffer_size(TPMBackend *s)
+{
+    TPMBackendClass *k = TPM_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+
+    return k->get_buffer_size(s);
+}
+
+TPMInfo *tpm_backend_query_tpm(TPMBackend *s)
+{
+    TPMInfo *info = g_new0(TPMInfo, 1);
+    TPMBackendClass *k = TPM_BACKEND_GET_CLASS(s);
+    TPMIfClass *tic = TPM_IF_GET_CLASS(s->tpmif);
+
+    info->id = g_strdup(s->id);
+    info->model = tic->model;
+    info->options = k->get_tpm_options(s);
+
+    return info;
+}
+
+static void tpm_backend_instance_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    TPMBackend *s = TPM_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    object_unref(OBJECT(s->tpmif));
+    g_free(s->id);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo tpm_backend_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_TPM_BACKEND,
+    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(TPMBackend),
+    .instance_finalize = tpm_backend_instance_finalize,
+    .class_size = sizeof(TPMBackendClass),
+    .abstract = true,
+};
+
+static const TypeInfo tpm_if_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_TPM_IF,
+    .parent = TYPE_INTERFACE,
+    .class_size = sizeof(TPMIfClass),
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&tpm_backend_info);
+    type_register_static(&tpm_if_info);
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c b/backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87d061e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1000 @@
+/*
+ *  Emulator TPM driver
+ *
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017 Intel Corporation
+ *  Author: Amarnath Valluri <amarnath.valluri@intel.com>
+ *
+ *  Copyright (c) 2010 - 2013, 2018 IBM Corporation
+ *  Authors:
+ *    Stefan Berger <stefanb@us.ibm.com>
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2011 IAIK, Graz University of Technology
+ *    Author: Andreas Niederl
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "qemu/sockets.h"
+#include "qemu/lockable.h"
+#include "io/channel-socket.h"
+#include "sysemu/tpm_backend.h"
+#include "sysemu/tpm_util.h"
+#include "tpm_int.h"
+#include "tpm_ioctl.h"
+#include "migration/blocker.h"
+#include "migration/vmstate.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
+#include "qapi/qapi-visit-tpm.h"
+#include "chardev/char-fe.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+#define TYPE_TPM_EMULATOR "tpm-emulator"
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(TPMEmulator, TPM_EMULATOR)
+
+#define TPM_EMULATOR_IMPLEMENTS_ALL_CAPS(S, cap) (((S)->caps & (cap)) == (cap))
+
+/* data structures */
+
+/* blobs from the TPM; part of VM state when migrating */
+typedef struct TPMBlobBuffers {
+    uint32_t permanent_flags;
+    TPMSizedBuffer permanent;
+
+    uint32_t volatil_flags;
+    TPMSizedBuffer volatil;
+
+    uint32_t savestate_flags;
+    TPMSizedBuffer savestate;
+} TPMBlobBuffers;
+
+struct TPMEmulator {
+    TPMBackend parent;
+
+    TPMEmulatorOptions *options;
+    CharBackend ctrl_chr;
+    QIOChannel *data_ioc;
+    TPMVersion tpm_version;
+    ptm_cap caps; /* capabilities of the TPM */
+    uint8_t cur_locty_number; /* last set locality */
+    Error *migration_blocker;
+
+    QemuMutex mutex;
+
+    unsigned int established_flag:1;
+    unsigned int established_flag_cached:1;
+
+    TPMBlobBuffers state_blobs;
+};
+
+struct tpm_error {
+    uint32_t tpm_result;
+    const char *string;
+};
+
+static const struct tpm_error tpm_errors[] = {
+    /* TPM 1.2 error codes */
+    { TPM_BAD_PARAMETER   , "a parameter is bad" },
+    { TPM_FAIL            , "operation failed" },
+    { TPM_KEYNOTFOUND     , "key could not be found" },
+    { TPM_BAD_PARAM_SIZE  , "bad parameter size"},
+    { TPM_ENCRYPT_ERROR   , "encryption error" },
+    { TPM_DECRYPT_ERROR   , "decryption error" },
+    { TPM_BAD_KEY_PROPERTY, "bad key property" },
+    { TPM_BAD_MODE        , "bad (encryption) mode" },
+    { TPM_BAD_VERSION     , "bad version identifier" },
+    { TPM_BAD_LOCALITY    , "bad locality" },
+    /* TPM 2 error codes */
+    { TPM_RC_FAILURE     , "operation failed" },
+    { TPM_RC_LOCALITY    , "bad locality"     },
+    { TPM_RC_INSUFFICIENT, "insufficient amount of data" },
+};
+
+static const char *tpm_emulator_strerror(uint32_t tpm_result)
+{
+    size_t i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tpm_errors); i++) {
+        if (tpm_errors[i].tpm_result == tpm_result) {
+            return tpm_errors[i].string;
+        }
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(TPMEmulator *tpm, unsigned long cmd, void *msg,
+                                size_t msg_len_in, size_t msg_len_out)
+{
+    CharBackend *dev = &tpm->ctrl_chr;
+    uint32_t cmd_no = cpu_to_be32(cmd);
+    ssize_t n = sizeof(uint32_t) + msg_len_in;
+    uint8_t *buf = NULL;
+
+    WITH_QEMU_LOCK_GUARD(&tpm->mutex) {
+        buf = g_alloca(n);
+        memcpy(buf, &cmd_no, sizeof(cmd_no));
+        memcpy(buf + sizeof(cmd_no), msg, msg_len_in);
+
+        n = qemu_chr_fe_write_all(dev, buf, n);
+        if (n <= 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (msg_len_out != 0) {
+            n = qemu_chr_fe_read_all(dev, msg, msg_len_out);
+            if (n <= 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_unix_tx_bufs(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu,
+                                     const uint8_t *in, uint32_t in_len,
+                                     uint8_t *out, uint32_t out_len,
+                                     bool *selftest_done,
+                                     Error **errp)
+{
+    ssize_t ret;
+    bool is_selftest = false;
+
+    if (selftest_done) {
+        *selftest_done = false;
+        is_selftest = tpm_util_is_selftest(in, in_len);
+    }
+
+    ret = qio_channel_write_all(tpm_emu->data_ioc, (char *)in, in_len, errp);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    ret = qio_channel_read_all(tpm_emu->data_ioc, (char *)out,
+              sizeof(struct tpm_resp_hdr), errp);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    ret = qio_channel_read_all(tpm_emu->data_ioc,
+              (char *)out + sizeof(struct tpm_resp_hdr),
+              tpm_cmd_get_size(out) - sizeof(struct tpm_resp_hdr), errp);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (is_selftest) {
+        *selftest_done = tpm_cmd_get_errcode(out) == 0;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_set_locality(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu, uint8_t locty_number,
+                                     Error **errp)
+{
+    ptm_loc loc;
+
+    if (tpm_emu->cur_locty_number == locty_number) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    trace_tpm_emulator_set_locality(locty_number);
+
+    memset(&loc, 0, sizeof(loc));
+    loc.u.req.loc = locty_number;
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_SET_LOCALITY, &loc,
+                             sizeof(loc), sizeof(loc)) < 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, "tpm-emulator: could not set locality : %s",
+                   strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    loc.u.resp.tpm_result = be32_to_cpu(loc.u.resp.tpm_result);
+    if (loc.u.resp.tpm_result != 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, "tpm-emulator: TPM result for set locality : 0x%x",
+                   loc.u.resp.tpm_result);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    tpm_emu->cur_locty_number = locty_number;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void tpm_emulator_handle_request(TPMBackend *tb, TPMBackendCmd *cmd,
+                                        Error **errp)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(tb);
+
+    trace_tpm_emulator_handle_request();
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_set_locality(tpm_emu, cmd->locty, errp) < 0 ||
+        tpm_emulator_unix_tx_bufs(tpm_emu, cmd->in, cmd->in_len,
+                                  cmd->out, cmd->out_len,
+                                  &cmd->selftest_done, errp) < 0) {
+        tpm_util_write_fatal_error_response(cmd->out, cmd->out_len);
+    }
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_probe_caps(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu)
+{
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_GET_CAPABILITY,
+                             &tpm_emu->caps, 0, sizeof(tpm_emu->caps)) < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: probing failed : %s", strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    tpm_emu->caps = be64_to_cpu(tpm_emu->caps);
+
+    trace_tpm_emulator_probe_caps(tpm_emu->caps);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_check_caps(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu)
+{
+    ptm_cap caps = 0;
+    const char *tpm = NULL;
+
+    /* check for min. required capabilities */
+    switch (tpm_emu->tpm_version) {
+    case TPM_VERSION_1_2:
+        caps = PTM_CAP_INIT | PTM_CAP_SHUTDOWN | PTM_CAP_GET_TPMESTABLISHED |
+               PTM_CAP_SET_LOCALITY | PTM_CAP_SET_DATAFD | PTM_CAP_STOP |
+               PTM_CAP_SET_BUFFERSIZE;
+        tpm = "1.2";
+        break;
+    case TPM_VERSION_2_0:
+        caps = PTM_CAP_INIT | PTM_CAP_SHUTDOWN | PTM_CAP_GET_TPMESTABLISHED |
+               PTM_CAP_SET_LOCALITY | PTM_CAP_RESET_TPMESTABLISHED |
+               PTM_CAP_SET_DATAFD | PTM_CAP_STOP | PTM_CAP_SET_BUFFERSIZE;
+        tpm = "2";
+        break;
+    case TPM_VERSION_UNSPEC:
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: TPM version has not been set");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!TPM_EMULATOR_IMPLEMENTS_ALL_CAPS(tpm_emu, caps)) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: TPM does not implement minimum set of "
+                     "required capabilities for TPM %s (0x%x)", tpm, (int)caps);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_stop_tpm(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(tb);
+    ptm_res res;
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_STOP, &res, 0, sizeof(res)) < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Could not stop TPM: %s",
+                     strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    res = be32_to_cpu(res);
+    if (res) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: TPM result for CMD_STOP: 0x%x %s", res,
+                     tpm_emulator_strerror(res));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_set_buffer_size(TPMBackend *tb,
+                                        size_t wanted_size,
+                                        size_t *actual_size)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(tb);
+    ptm_setbuffersize psbs;
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_stop_tpm(tb) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    psbs.u.req.buffersize = cpu_to_be32(wanted_size);
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_SET_BUFFERSIZE, &psbs,
+                             sizeof(psbs.u.req), sizeof(psbs.u.resp)) < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Could not set buffer size: %s",
+                     strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    psbs.u.resp.tpm_result = be32_to_cpu(psbs.u.resp.tpm_result);
+    if (psbs.u.resp.tpm_result != 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: TPM result for set buffer size : 0x%x %s",
+                     psbs.u.resp.tpm_result,
+                     tpm_emulator_strerror(psbs.u.resp.tpm_result));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (actual_size) {
+        *actual_size = be32_to_cpu(psbs.u.resp.buffersize);
+    }
+
+    trace_tpm_emulator_set_buffer_size(
+            be32_to_cpu(psbs.u.resp.buffersize),
+            be32_to_cpu(psbs.u.resp.minsize),
+            be32_to_cpu(psbs.u.resp.maxsize));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_startup_tpm_resume(TPMBackend *tb, size_t buffersize,
+                                     bool is_resume)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(tb);
+    ptm_init init = {
+        .u.req.init_flags = 0,
+    };
+    ptm_res res;
+
+    trace_tpm_emulator_startup_tpm_resume(is_resume, buffersize);
+
+    if (buffersize != 0 &&
+        tpm_emulator_set_buffer_size(tb, buffersize, NULL) < 0) {
+        goto err_exit;
+    }
+
+    if (is_resume) {
+        init.u.req.init_flags |= cpu_to_be32(PTM_INIT_FLAG_DELETE_VOLATILE);
+    }
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_INIT, &init, sizeof(init),
+                             sizeof(init)) < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: could not send INIT: %s",
+                     strerror(errno));
+        goto err_exit;
+    }
+
+    res = be32_to_cpu(init.u.resp.tpm_result);
+    if (res) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: TPM result for CMD_INIT: 0x%x %s", res,
+                     tpm_emulator_strerror(res));
+        goto err_exit;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+err_exit:
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_startup_tpm(TPMBackend *tb, size_t buffersize)
+{
+    return tpm_emulator_startup_tpm_resume(tb, buffersize, false);
+}
+
+static bool tpm_emulator_get_tpm_established_flag(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(tb);
+    ptm_est est;
+
+    if (tpm_emu->established_flag_cached) {
+        return tpm_emu->established_flag;
+    }
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_GET_TPMESTABLISHED, &est,
+                             0, sizeof(est)) < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Could not get the TPM established flag: %s",
+                     strerror(errno));
+        return false;
+    }
+    trace_tpm_emulator_get_tpm_established_flag(est.u.resp.bit);
+
+    tpm_emu->established_flag_cached = 1;
+    tpm_emu->established_flag = (est.u.resp.bit != 0);
+
+    return tpm_emu->established_flag;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_reset_tpm_established_flag(TPMBackend *tb,
+                                                   uint8_t locty)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(tb);
+    ptm_reset_est reset_est;
+    ptm_res res;
+
+    /* only a TPM 2.0 will support this */
+    if (tpm_emu->tpm_version != TPM_VERSION_2_0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    reset_est.u.req.loc = tpm_emu->cur_locty_number;
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_RESET_TPMESTABLISHED,
+                             &reset_est, sizeof(reset_est),
+                             sizeof(reset_est)) < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Could not reset the establishment bit: %s",
+                     strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    res = be32_to_cpu(reset_est.u.resp.tpm_result);
+    if (res) {
+        error_report(
+            "tpm-emulator: TPM result for rest established flag: 0x%x %s",
+            res, tpm_emulator_strerror(res));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    tpm_emu->established_flag_cached = 0;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void tpm_emulator_cancel_cmd(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(tb);
+    ptm_res res;
+
+    if (!TPM_EMULATOR_IMPLEMENTS_ALL_CAPS(tpm_emu, PTM_CAP_CANCEL_TPM_CMD)) {
+        trace_tpm_emulator_cancel_cmd_not_supt();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* FIXME: make the function non-blocking, or it may block a VCPU */
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_CANCEL_TPM_CMD, &res, 0,
+                             sizeof(res)) < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Could not cancel command: %s",
+                     strerror(errno));
+    } else if (res != 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Failed to cancel TPM: 0x%x",
+                     be32_to_cpu(res));
+    }
+}
+
+static TPMVersion tpm_emulator_get_tpm_version(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(tb);
+
+    return tpm_emu->tpm_version;
+}
+
+static size_t tpm_emulator_get_buffer_size(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    size_t actual_size;
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_set_buffer_size(tb, 0, &actual_size) < 0) {
+        return 4096;
+    }
+
+    return actual_size;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_block_migration(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu)
+{
+    Error *err = NULL;
+    ptm_cap caps = PTM_CAP_GET_STATEBLOB | PTM_CAP_SET_STATEBLOB |
+                   PTM_CAP_STOP;
+
+    if (!TPM_EMULATOR_IMPLEMENTS_ALL_CAPS(tpm_emu, caps)) {
+        error_setg(&tpm_emu->migration_blocker,
+                   "Migration disabled: TPM emulator does not support "
+                   "migration");
+        if (migrate_add_blocker(tpm_emu->migration_blocker, &err) < 0) {
+            error_report_err(err);
+            error_free(tpm_emu->migration_blocker);
+            tpm_emu->migration_blocker = NULL;
+
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_prepare_data_fd(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu)
+{
+    ptm_res res;
+    Error *err = NULL;
+    int fds[2] = { -1, -1 };
+
+    if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fds) < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Failed to create socketpair");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    qemu_chr_fe_set_msgfds(&tpm_emu->ctrl_chr, fds + 1, 1);
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_SET_DATAFD, &res, 0,
+                             sizeof(res)) < 0 || res != 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Failed to send CMD_SET_DATAFD: %s",
+                     strerror(errno));
+        goto err_exit;
+    }
+
+    tpm_emu->data_ioc = QIO_CHANNEL(qio_channel_socket_new_fd(fds[0], &err));
+    if (err) {
+        error_prepend(&err, "tpm-emulator: Failed to create io channel: ");
+        error_report_err(err);
+        goto err_exit;
+    }
+
+    closesocket(fds[1]);
+
+    return 0;
+
+err_exit:
+    closesocket(fds[0]);
+    closesocket(fds[1]);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_handle_device_opts(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu, QemuOpts *opts)
+{
+    const char *value;
+    Error *err = NULL;
+    Chardev *dev;
+
+    value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chardev");
+    if (!value) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: parameter 'chardev' is missing");
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    dev = qemu_chr_find(value);
+    if (!dev) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: tpm chardev '%s' not found", value);
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    if (!qemu_chr_fe_init(&tpm_emu->ctrl_chr, dev, &err)) {
+        error_prepend(&err, "tpm-emulator: No valid chardev found at '%s':",
+                      value);
+        error_report_err(err);
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    tpm_emu->options->chardev = g_strdup(value);
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_prepare_data_fd(tpm_emu) < 0) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    /* FIXME: tpm_util_test_tpmdev() accepts only on socket fd, as it also used
+     * by passthrough driver, which not yet using GIOChannel.
+     */
+    if (tpm_util_test_tpmdev(QIO_CHANNEL_SOCKET(tpm_emu->data_ioc)->fd,
+                             &tpm_emu->tpm_version)) {
+        error_report("'%s' is not emulating TPM device. Error: %s",
+                      tpm_emu->options->chardev, strerror(errno));
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    switch (tpm_emu->tpm_version) {
+    case TPM_VERSION_1_2:
+        trace_tpm_emulator_handle_device_opts_tpm12();
+        break;
+    case TPM_VERSION_2_0:
+        trace_tpm_emulator_handle_device_opts_tpm2();
+        break;
+    default:
+        trace_tpm_emulator_handle_device_opts_unspec();
+    }
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_probe_caps(tpm_emu) ||
+        tpm_emulator_check_caps(tpm_emu)) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    return tpm_emulator_block_migration(tpm_emu);
+
+err:
+    trace_tpm_emulator_handle_device_opts_startup_error();
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static TPMBackend *tpm_emulator_create(QemuOpts *opts)
+{
+    TPMBackend *tb = TPM_BACKEND(object_new(TYPE_TPM_EMULATOR));
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_handle_device_opts(TPM_EMULATOR(tb), opts)) {
+        object_unref(OBJECT(tb));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return tb;
+}
+
+static TpmTypeOptions *tpm_emulator_get_tpm_options(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(tb);
+    TpmTypeOptions *options = g_new0(TpmTypeOptions, 1);
+
+    options->type = TPM_TYPE_EMULATOR;
+    options->u.emulator.data = QAPI_CLONE(TPMEmulatorOptions, tpm_emu->options);
+
+    return options;
+}
+
+static const QemuOptDesc tpm_emulator_cmdline_opts[] = {
+    TPM_STANDARD_CMDLINE_OPTS,
+    {
+        .name = "chardev",
+        .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        .help = "Character device to use for out-of-band control messages",
+    },
+    { /* end of list */ },
+};
+
+/*
+ * Transfer a TPM state blob from the TPM into a provided buffer.
+ *
+ * @tpm_emu: TPMEmulator
+ * @type: the type of blob to transfer
+ * @tsb: the TPMSizeBuffer to fill with the blob
+ * @flags: the flags to return to the caller
+ */
+static int tpm_emulator_get_state_blob(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu,
+                                       uint8_t type,
+                                       TPMSizedBuffer *tsb,
+                                       uint32_t *flags)
+{
+    ptm_getstate pgs;
+    ptm_res res;
+    ssize_t n;
+    uint32_t totlength, length;
+
+    tpm_sized_buffer_reset(tsb);
+
+    pgs.u.req.state_flags = cpu_to_be32(PTM_STATE_FLAG_DECRYPTED);
+    pgs.u.req.type = cpu_to_be32(type);
+    pgs.u.req.offset = 0;
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_GET_STATEBLOB,
+                             &pgs, sizeof(pgs.u.req),
+                             offsetof(ptm_getstate, u.resp.data)) < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: could not get state blob type %d : %s",
+                     type, strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    res = be32_to_cpu(pgs.u.resp.tpm_result);
+    if (res != 0 && (res & 0x800) == 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Getting the stateblob (type %d) failed "
+                     "with a TPM error 0x%x %s", type, res,
+                     tpm_emulator_strerror(res));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    totlength = be32_to_cpu(pgs.u.resp.totlength);
+    length = be32_to_cpu(pgs.u.resp.length);
+    if (totlength != length) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Expecting to read %u bytes "
+                     "but would get %u", totlength, length);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    *flags = be32_to_cpu(pgs.u.resp.state_flags);
+
+    if (totlength > 0) {
+        tsb->buffer = g_try_malloc(totlength);
+        if (!tsb->buffer) {
+            error_report("tpm-emulator: Out of memory allocating %u bytes",
+                         totlength);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        n = qemu_chr_fe_read_all(&tpm_emu->ctrl_chr, tsb->buffer, totlength);
+        if (n != totlength) {
+            error_report("tpm-emulator: Could not read stateblob (type %d); "
+                         "expected %u bytes, got %zd",
+                         type, totlength, n);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    tsb->size = totlength;
+
+    trace_tpm_emulator_get_state_blob(type, tsb->size, *flags);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_get_state_blobs(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu)
+{
+    TPMBlobBuffers *state_blobs = &tpm_emu->state_blobs;
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_get_state_blob(tpm_emu, PTM_BLOB_TYPE_PERMANENT,
+                                    &state_blobs->permanent,
+                                    &state_blobs->permanent_flags) < 0 ||
+        tpm_emulator_get_state_blob(tpm_emu, PTM_BLOB_TYPE_VOLATILE,
+                                    &state_blobs->volatil,
+                                    &state_blobs->volatil_flags) < 0 ||
+        tpm_emulator_get_state_blob(tpm_emu, PTM_BLOB_TYPE_SAVESTATE,
+                                    &state_blobs->savestate,
+                                    &state_blobs->savestate_flags) < 0) {
+        goto err_exit;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+
+ err_exit:
+    tpm_sized_buffer_reset(&state_blobs->volatil);
+    tpm_sized_buffer_reset(&state_blobs->permanent);
+    tpm_sized_buffer_reset(&state_blobs->savestate);
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Transfer a TPM state blob to the TPM emulator.
+ *
+ * @tpm_emu: TPMEmulator
+ * @type: the type of TPM state blob to transfer
+ * @tsb: TPMSizedBuffer containing the TPM state blob
+ * @flags: Flags describing the (encryption) state of the TPM state blob
+ */
+static int tpm_emulator_set_state_blob(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu,
+                                       uint32_t type,
+                                       TPMSizedBuffer *tsb,
+                                       uint32_t flags)
+{
+    ssize_t n;
+    ptm_setstate pss;
+    ptm_res tpm_result;
+
+    if (tsb->size == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    pss = (ptm_setstate) {
+        .u.req.state_flags = cpu_to_be32(flags),
+        .u.req.type = cpu_to_be32(type),
+        .u.req.length = cpu_to_be32(tsb->size),
+    };
+
+    /* write the header only */
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_SET_STATEBLOB, &pss,
+                             offsetof(ptm_setstate, u.req.data), 0) < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: could not set state blob type %d : %s",
+                     type, strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* now the body */
+    n = qemu_chr_fe_write_all(&tpm_emu->ctrl_chr, tsb->buffer, tsb->size);
+    if (n != tsb->size) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Writing the stateblob (type %d) "
+                     "failed; could not write %u bytes, but only %zd",
+                     type, tsb->size, n);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* now get the result */
+    n = qemu_chr_fe_read_all(&tpm_emu->ctrl_chr,
+                             (uint8_t *)&pss, sizeof(pss.u.resp));
+    if (n != sizeof(pss.u.resp)) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Reading response from writing stateblob "
+                     "(type %d) failed; expected %zu bytes, got %zd", type,
+                     sizeof(pss.u.resp), n);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    tpm_result = be32_to_cpu(pss.u.resp.tpm_result);
+    if (tpm_result != 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Setting the stateblob (type %d) failed "
+                     "with a TPM error 0x%x %s", type, tpm_result,
+                     tpm_emulator_strerror(tpm_result));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    trace_tpm_emulator_set_state_blob(type, tsb->size, flags);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set all the TPM state blobs.
+ *
+ * Returns a negative errno code in case of error.
+ */
+static int tpm_emulator_set_state_blobs(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(tb);
+    TPMBlobBuffers *state_blobs = &tpm_emu->state_blobs;
+
+    trace_tpm_emulator_set_state_blobs();
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_stop_tpm(tb) < 0) {
+        trace_tpm_emulator_set_state_blobs_error("Could not stop TPM");
+        return -EIO;
+    }
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_set_state_blob(tpm_emu, PTM_BLOB_TYPE_PERMANENT,
+                                    &state_blobs->permanent,
+                                    state_blobs->permanent_flags) < 0 ||
+        tpm_emulator_set_state_blob(tpm_emu, PTM_BLOB_TYPE_VOLATILE,
+                                    &state_blobs->volatil,
+                                    state_blobs->volatil_flags) < 0 ||
+        tpm_emulator_set_state_blob(tpm_emu, PTM_BLOB_TYPE_SAVESTATE,
+                                    &state_blobs->savestate,
+                                    state_blobs->savestate_flags) < 0) {
+        return -EIO;
+    }
+
+    trace_tpm_emulator_set_state_blobs_done();
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int tpm_emulator_pre_save(void *opaque)
+{
+    TPMBackend *tb = opaque;
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(tb);
+
+    trace_tpm_emulator_pre_save();
+
+    tpm_backend_finish_sync(tb);
+
+    /* get the state blobs from the TPM */
+    return tpm_emulator_get_state_blobs(tpm_emu);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load the TPM state blobs into the TPM.
+ *
+ * Returns negative errno codes in case of error.
+ */
+static int tpm_emulator_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
+{
+    TPMBackend *tb = opaque;
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = tpm_emulator_set_state_blobs(tb);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_startup_tpm_resume(tb, 0, true) < 0) {
+        return -EIO;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static const VMStateDescription vmstate_tpm_emulator = {
+    .name = "tpm-emulator",
+    .version_id = 0,
+    .pre_save = tpm_emulator_pre_save,
+    .post_load = tpm_emulator_post_load,
+    .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(state_blobs.permanent_flags, TPMEmulator),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(state_blobs.permanent.size, TPMEmulator),
+        VMSTATE_VBUFFER_ALLOC_UINT32(state_blobs.permanent.buffer,
+                                     TPMEmulator, 0, 0,
+                                     state_blobs.permanent.size),
+
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(state_blobs.volatil_flags, TPMEmulator),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(state_blobs.volatil.size, TPMEmulator),
+        VMSTATE_VBUFFER_ALLOC_UINT32(state_blobs.volatil.buffer,
+                                     TPMEmulator, 0, 0,
+                                     state_blobs.volatil.size),
+
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(state_blobs.savestate_flags, TPMEmulator),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(state_blobs.savestate.size, TPMEmulator),
+        VMSTATE_VBUFFER_ALLOC_UINT32(state_blobs.savestate.buffer,
+                                     TPMEmulator, 0, 0,
+                                     state_blobs.savestate.size),
+
+        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
+    }
+};
+
+static void tpm_emulator_inst_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(obj);
+
+    trace_tpm_emulator_inst_init();
+
+    tpm_emu->options = g_new0(TPMEmulatorOptions, 1);
+    tpm_emu->cur_locty_number = ~0;
+    qemu_mutex_init(&tpm_emu->mutex);
+
+    vmstate_register(NULL, VMSTATE_INSTANCE_ID_ANY,
+                     &vmstate_tpm_emulator, obj);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Gracefully shut down the external TPM
+ */
+static void tpm_emulator_shutdown(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu)
+{
+    ptm_res res;
+
+    if (!tpm_emu->options->chardev) {
+        /* was never properly initialized */
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (tpm_emulator_ctrlcmd(tpm_emu, CMD_SHUTDOWN, &res, 0, sizeof(res)) < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: Could not cleanly shutdown the TPM: %s",
+                     strerror(errno));
+    } else if (res != 0) {
+        error_report("tpm-emulator: TPM result for shutdown: 0x%x %s",
+                     be32_to_cpu(res), tpm_emulator_strerror(be32_to_cpu(res)));
+    }
+}
+
+static void tpm_emulator_inst_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    TPMEmulator *tpm_emu = TPM_EMULATOR(obj);
+    TPMBlobBuffers *state_blobs = &tpm_emu->state_blobs;
+
+    tpm_emulator_shutdown(tpm_emu);
+
+    object_unref(OBJECT(tpm_emu->data_ioc));
+
+    qemu_chr_fe_deinit(&tpm_emu->ctrl_chr, false);
+
+    qapi_free_TPMEmulatorOptions(tpm_emu->options);
+
+    if (tpm_emu->migration_blocker) {
+        migrate_del_blocker(tpm_emu->migration_blocker);
+        error_free(tpm_emu->migration_blocker);
+    }
+
+    tpm_sized_buffer_reset(&state_blobs->volatil);
+    tpm_sized_buffer_reset(&state_blobs->permanent);
+    tpm_sized_buffer_reset(&state_blobs->savestate);
+
+    qemu_mutex_destroy(&tpm_emu->mutex);
+
+    vmstate_unregister(NULL, &vmstate_tpm_emulator, obj);
+}
+
+static void tpm_emulator_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+{
+    TPMBackendClass *tbc = TPM_BACKEND_CLASS(klass);
+
+    tbc->type = TPM_TYPE_EMULATOR;
+    tbc->opts = tpm_emulator_cmdline_opts;
+    tbc->desc = "TPM emulator backend driver";
+    tbc->create = tpm_emulator_create;
+    tbc->startup_tpm = tpm_emulator_startup_tpm;
+    tbc->cancel_cmd = tpm_emulator_cancel_cmd;
+    tbc->get_tpm_established_flag = tpm_emulator_get_tpm_established_flag;
+    tbc->reset_tpm_established_flag = tpm_emulator_reset_tpm_established_flag;
+    tbc->get_tpm_version = tpm_emulator_get_tpm_version;
+    tbc->get_buffer_size = tpm_emulator_get_buffer_size;
+    tbc->get_tpm_options = tpm_emulator_get_tpm_options;
+
+    tbc->handle_request = tpm_emulator_handle_request;
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo tpm_emulator_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_TPM_EMULATOR,
+    .parent = TYPE_TPM_BACKEND,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(TPMEmulator),
+    .class_init = tpm_emulator_class_init,
+    .instance_init = tpm_emulator_inst_init,
+    .instance_finalize = tpm_emulator_inst_finalize,
+};
+
+static void tpm_emulator_register(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&tpm_emulator_info);
+}
+
+type_init(tpm_emulator_register)
diff --git a/backends/tpm/tpm_int.h b/backends/tpm/tpm_int.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba6109306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/tpm/tpm_int.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * TPM configuration
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011-2013 IBM Corporation
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Stefan Berger    <stefanb@us.ibm.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+#ifndef BACKENDS_TPM_INT_H
+#define BACKENDS_TPM_INT_H
+
+#include "qemu/option.h"
+#include "sysemu/tpm.h"
+
+#define TPM_STANDARD_CMDLINE_OPTS \
+    { \
+        .name = "type", \
+        .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING, \
+        .help = "Type of TPM backend", \
+    }
+
+struct tpm_req_hdr {
+    uint16_t tag;
+    uint32_t len;
+    uint32_t ordinal;
+} QEMU_PACKED;
+
+struct tpm_resp_hdr {
+    uint16_t tag;
+    uint32_t len;
+    uint32_t errcode;
+} QEMU_PACKED;
+
+#define TPM_TAG_RQU_COMMAND       0xc1
+#define TPM_TAG_RQU_AUTH1_COMMAND 0xc2
+#define TPM_TAG_RQU_AUTH2_COMMAND 0xc3
+
+#define TPM_TAG_RSP_COMMAND       0xc4
+#define TPM_TAG_RSP_AUTH1_COMMAND 0xc5
+#define TPM_TAG_RSP_AUTH2_COMMAND 0xc6
+
+#define TPM_BAD_PARAMETER         3
+#define TPM_FAIL                  9
+#define TPM_KEYNOTFOUND           13
+#define TPM_BAD_PARAM_SIZE        25
+#define TPM_ENCRYPT_ERROR         32
+#define TPM_DECRYPT_ERROR         33
+#define TPM_BAD_KEY_PROPERTY      40
+#define TPM_BAD_MODE              44
+#define TPM_BAD_VERSION           46
+#define TPM_BAD_LOCALITY          61
+
+#define TPM_ORD_ContinueSelfTest  0x53
+#define TPM_ORD_GetTicks          0xf1
+#define TPM_ORD_GetCapability     0x65
+
+#define TPM_CAP_PROPERTY          0x05
+
+#define TPM_CAP_PROP_INPUT_BUFFER 0x124
+
+/* TPM2 defines */
+#define TPM2_ST_NO_SESSIONS       0x8001
+
+#define TPM2_CC_ReadClock         0x00000181
+#define TPM2_CC_GetCapability     0x0000017a
+
+#define TPM2_CAP_TPM_PROPERTIES   0x6
+
+#define TPM2_PT_MAX_COMMAND_SIZE  0x11e
+
+#define TPM_RC_INSUFFICIENT       0x9a
+#define TPM_RC_FAILURE            0x101
+#define TPM_RC_LOCALITY           0x907
+
+int tpm_util_get_buffer_size(int tpm_fd, TPMVersion tpm_version,
+                             size_t *buffersize);
+
+typedef struct TPMSizedBuffer {
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint8_t  *buffer;
+} TPMSizedBuffer;
+
+void tpm_sized_buffer_reset(TPMSizedBuffer *tsb);
+
+#endif /* BACKENDS_TPM_INT_H */
diff --git a/backends/tpm/tpm_ioctl.h b/backends/tpm/tpm_ioctl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd6c12cb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/tpm/tpm_ioctl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+/*
+ * tpm_ioctl.h
+ *
+ * (c) Copyright IBM Corporation 2014, 2015.
+ *
+ * This file is licensed under the terms of the 3-clause BSD license
+ */
+
+#ifndef TPM_IOCTL_H
+#define TPM_IOCTL_H
+
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCCOM_H
+#include <sys/ioccom.h>
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Every response from a command involving a TPM command execution must hold
+ * the ptm_res as the first element.
+ * ptm_res corresponds to the error code of a command executed by the TPM.
+ */
+
+typedef uint32_t ptm_res;
+
+/* PTM_GET_TPMESTABLISHED: get the establishment bit */
+struct ptm_est {
+    union {
+        struct {
+            ptm_res tpm_result;
+            unsigned char bit; /* TPM established bit */
+        } resp; /* response */
+    } u;
+};
+
+/* PTM_RESET_TPMESTABLISHED: reset establishment bit */
+struct ptm_reset_est {
+    union {
+        struct {
+            uint8_t loc; /* locality to use */
+        } req; /* request */
+        struct {
+            ptm_res tpm_result;
+        } resp; /* response */
+    } u;
+};
+
+/* PTM_INIT */
+struct ptm_init {
+    union {
+        struct {
+            uint32_t init_flags; /* see definitions below */
+        } req; /* request */
+        struct {
+            ptm_res tpm_result;
+        } resp; /* response */
+    } u;
+};
+
+/* above init_flags */
+#define PTM_INIT_FLAG_DELETE_VOLATILE (1 << 0)
+    /* delete volatile state file after reading it */
+
+/* PTM_SET_LOCALITY */
+struct ptm_loc {
+    union {
+        struct {
+            uint8_t loc; /* locality to set */
+        } req; /* request */
+        struct {
+            ptm_res tpm_result;
+        } resp; /* response */
+    } u;
+};
+
+/* PTM_HASH_DATA: hash given data */
+struct ptm_hdata {
+    union {
+        struct {
+            uint32_t length;
+            uint8_t data[4096];
+        } req; /* request */
+        struct {
+            ptm_res tpm_result;
+        } resp; /* response */
+    } u;
+};
+
+/*
+ * size of the TPM state blob to transfer; x86_64 can handle 8k,
+ * ppc64le only ~7k; keep the response below a 4k page size
+ */
+#define PTM_STATE_BLOB_SIZE (3 * 1024)
+
+/*
+ * The following is the data structure to get state blobs from the TPM.
+ * If the size of the state blob exceeds the PTM_STATE_BLOB_SIZE, multiple reads
+ * with this ioctl and with adjusted offset are necessary. All bytes
+ * must be transferred and the transfer is done once the last byte has been
+ * returned.
+ * It is possible to use the read() interface for reading the data; however, the
+ * first bytes of the state blob will be part of the response to the ioctl(); a
+ * subsequent read() is only necessary if the total length (totlength) exceeds
+ * the number of received bytes. seek() is not supported.
+ */
+struct ptm_getstate {
+    union {
+        struct {
+            uint32_t state_flags; /* may be: PTM_STATE_FLAG_DECRYPTED */
+            uint32_t type;        /* which blob to pull */
+            uint32_t offset;      /* offset from where to read */
+        } req; /* request */
+        struct {
+            ptm_res tpm_result;
+            uint32_t state_flags; /* may be: PTM_STATE_FLAG_ENCRYPTED */
+            uint32_t totlength;   /* total length that will be transferred */
+            uint32_t length;      /* number of bytes in following buffer */
+            uint8_t  data[PTM_STATE_BLOB_SIZE];
+        } resp; /* response */
+    } u;
+};
+
+/* TPM state blob types */
+#define PTM_BLOB_TYPE_PERMANENT  1
+#define PTM_BLOB_TYPE_VOLATILE   2
+#define PTM_BLOB_TYPE_SAVESTATE  3
+
+/* state_flags above : */
+#define PTM_STATE_FLAG_DECRYPTED     1 /* on input:  get decrypted state */
+#define PTM_STATE_FLAG_ENCRYPTED     2 /* on output: state is encrypted */
+
+/*
+ * The following is the data structure to set state blobs in the TPM.
+ * If the size of the state blob exceeds the PTM_STATE_BLOB_SIZE, multiple
+ * 'writes' using this ioctl are necessary. The last packet is indicated
+ * by the length being smaller than the PTM_STATE_BLOB_SIZE.
+ * The very first packet may have a length indicator of '0' enabling
+ * a write() with all the bytes from a buffer. If the write() interface
+ * is used, a final ioctl with a non-full buffer must be made to indicate
+ * that all data were transferred (a write with 0 bytes would not work).
+ */
+struct ptm_setstate {
+    union {
+        struct {
+            uint32_t state_flags; /* may be PTM_STATE_FLAG_ENCRYPTED */
+            uint32_t type;        /* which blob to set */
+            uint32_t length;      /* length of the data;
+                                     use 0 on the first packet to
+                                     transfer using write() */
+            uint8_t data[PTM_STATE_BLOB_SIZE];
+        } req; /* request */
+        struct {
+            ptm_res tpm_result;
+        } resp; /* response */
+    } u;
+};
+
+/*
+ * PTM_GET_CONFIG: Data structure to get runtime configuration information
+ * such as which keys are applied.
+ */
+struct ptm_getconfig {
+    union {
+        struct {
+            ptm_res tpm_result;
+            uint32_t flags;
+        } resp; /* response */
+    } u;
+};
+
+#define PTM_CONFIG_FLAG_FILE_KEY        0x1
+#define PTM_CONFIG_FLAG_MIGRATION_KEY   0x2
+
+/*
+ * PTM_SET_BUFFERSIZE: Set the buffer size to be used by the TPM.
+ * A 0 on input queries for the current buffer size. Any other
+ * number will try to set the buffer size. The returned number is
+ * the buffer size that will be used, which can be larger than the
+ * requested one, if it was below the minimum, or smaller than the
+ * requested one, if it was above the maximum.
+ */
+struct ptm_setbuffersize {
+    union {
+        struct {
+            uint32_t buffersize; /* 0 to query for current buffer size */
+        } req; /* request */
+        struct {
+            ptm_res tpm_result;
+            uint32_t buffersize; /* buffer size in use */
+            uint32_t minsize; /* min. supported buffer size */
+            uint32_t maxsize; /* max. supported buffer size */
+        } resp; /* response */
+    } u;
+};
+
+
+typedef uint64_t ptm_cap;
+typedef struct ptm_est ptm_est;
+typedef struct ptm_reset_est ptm_reset_est;
+typedef struct ptm_loc ptm_loc;
+typedef struct ptm_hdata ptm_hdata;
+typedef struct ptm_init ptm_init;
+typedef struct ptm_getstate ptm_getstate;
+typedef struct ptm_setstate ptm_setstate;
+typedef struct ptm_getconfig ptm_getconfig;
+typedef struct ptm_setbuffersize ptm_setbuffersize;
+
+/* capability flags returned by PTM_GET_CAPABILITY */
+#define PTM_CAP_INIT               (1)
+#define PTM_CAP_SHUTDOWN           (1 << 1)
+#define PTM_CAP_GET_TPMESTABLISHED (1 << 2)
+#define PTM_CAP_SET_LOCALITY       (1 << 3)
+#define PTM_CAP_HASHING            (1 << 4)
+#define PTM_CAP_CANCEL_TPM_CMD     (1 << 5)
+#define PTM_CAP_STORE_VOLATILE     (1 << 6)
+#define PTM_CAP_RESET_TPMESTABLISHED (1 << 7)
+#define PTM_CAP_GET_STATEBLOB      (1 << 8)
+#define PTM_CAP_SET_STATEBLOB      (1 << 9)
+#define PTM_CAP_STOP               (1 << 10)
+#define PTM_CAP_GET_CONFIG         (1 << 11)
+#define PTM_CAP_SET_DATAFD         (1 << 12)
+#define PTM_CAP_SET_BUFFERSIZE     (1 << 13)
+
+enum {
+    PTM_GET_CAPABILITY     = _IOR('P', 0, ptm_cap),
+    PTM_INIT               = _IOWR('P', 1, ptm_init),
+    PTM_SHUTDOWN           = _IOR('P', 2, ptm_res),
+    PTM_GET_TPMESTABLISHED = _IOR('P', 3, ptm_est),
+    PTM_SET_LOCALITY       = _IOWR('P', 4, ptm_loc),
+    PTM_HASH_START         = _IOR('P', 5, ptm_res),
+    PTM_HASH_DATA          = _IOWR('P', 6, ptm_hdata),
+    PTM_HASH_END           = _IOR('P', 7, ptm_res),
+    PTM_CANCEL_TPM_CMD     = _IOR('P', 8, ptm_res),
+    PTM_STORE_VOLATILE     = _IOR('P', 9, ptm_res),
+    PTM_RESET_TPMESTABLISHED = _IOWR('P', 10, ptm_reset_est),
+    PTM_GET_STATEBLOB      = _IOWR('P', 11, ptm_getstate),
+    PTM_SET_STATEBLOB      = _IOWR('P', 12, ptm_setstate),
+    PTM_STOP               = _IOR('P', 13, ptm_res),
+    PTM_GET_CONFIG         = _IOR('P', 14, ptm_getconfig),
+    PTM_SET_DATAFD         = _IOR('P', 15, ptm_res),
+    PTM_SET_BUFFERSIZE     = _IOWR('P', 16, ptm_setbuffersize),
+};
+
+/*
+ * Commands used by the non-CUSE TPMs
+ *
+ * All messages container big-endian data.
+ *
+ * The return messages only contain the 'resp' part of the unions
+ * in the data structures above. Besides that the limits in the
+ * buffers above (ptm_hdata:u.req.data and ptm_get_state:u.resp.data
+ * and ptm_set_state:u.req.data) are 0xffffffff.
+ */
+enum {
+    CMD_GET_CAPABILITY = 1,
+    CMD_INIT,
+    CMD_SHUTDOWN,
+    CMD_GET_TPMESTABLISHED,
+    CMD_SET_LOCALITY,
+    CMD_HASH_START,
+    CMD_HASH_DATA,
+    CMD_HASH_END,
+    CMD_CANCEL_TPM_CMD,
+    CMD_STORE_VOLATILE,
+    CMD_RESET_TPMESTABLISHED,
+    CMD_GET_STATEBLOB,
+    CMD_SET_STATEBLOB,
+    CMD_STOP,
+    CMD_GET_CONFIG,
+    CMD_SET_DATAFD,
+    CMD_SET_BUFFERSIZE,
+};
+
+#endif /* TPM_IOCTL_H */
diff --git a/backends/tpm/tpm_passthrough.c b/backends/tpm/tpm_passthrough.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5558fae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/tpm/tpm_passthrough.c
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+/*
+ *  passthrough TPM driver
+ *
+ *  Copyright (c) 2010 - 2013 IBM Corporation
+ *  Authors:
+ *    Stefan Berger <stefanb@us.ibm.com>
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2011 IAIK, Graz University of Technology
+ *    Author: Andreas Niederl
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qemu-common.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "qemu/sockets.h"
+#include "sysemu/tpm_backend.h"
+#include "sysemu/tpm_util.h"
+#include "tpm_int.h"
+#include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
+#include "qapi/qapi-visit-tpm.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+#define TYPE_TPM_PASSTHROUGH "tpm-passthrough"
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(TPMPassthruState, TPM_PASSTHROUGH)
+
+/* data structures */
+struct TPMPassthruState {
+    TPMBackend parent;
+
+    TPMPassthroughOptions *options;
+    const char *tpm_dev;
+    int tpm_fd;
+    bool tpm_executing;
+    bool tpm_op_canceled;
+    int cancel_fd;
+
+    TPMVersion tpm_version;
+    size_t tpm_buffersize;
+};
+
+
+#define TPM_PASSTHROUGH_DEFAULT_DEVICE "/dev/tpm0"
+
+/* functions */
+
+static void tpm_passthrough_cancel_cmd(TPMBackend *tb);
+
+static int tpm_passthrough_unix_read(int fd, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t len)
+{
+    int ret;
+ reread:
+    ret = read(fd, buf, len);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        if (errno != EINTR && errno != EAGAIN) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        goto reread;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void tpm_passthrough_unix_tx_bufs(TPMPassthruState *tpm_pt,
+                                         const uint8_t *in, uint32_t in_len,
+                                         uint8_t *out, uint32_t out_len,
+                                         bool *selftest_done, Error **errp)
+{
+    ssize_t ret;
+    bool is_selftest;
+
+    /* FIXME: protect shared variables or use other sync mechanism */
+    tpm_pt->tpm_op_canceled = false;
+    tpm_pt->tpm_executing = true;
+    *selftest_done = false;
+
+    is_selftest = tpm_util_is_selftest(in, in_len);
+
+    ret = qemu_write_full(tpm_pt->tpm_fd, in, in_len);
+    if (ret != in_len) {
+        if (!tpm_pt->tpm_op_canceled || errno != ECANCELED) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "tpm_passthrough: error while "
+                             "transmitting data to TPM");
+        }
+        goto err_exit;
+    }
+
+    tpm_pt->tpm_executing = false;
+
+    ret = tpm_passthrough_unix_read(tpm_pt->tpm_fd, out, out_len);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        if (!tpm_pt->tpm_op_canceled || errno != ECANCELED) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "tpm_passthrough: error while "
+                             "reading data from TPM");
+        }
+    } else if (ret < sizeof(struct tpm_resp_hdr) ||
+               tpm_cmd_get_size(out) != ret) {
+        ret = -1;
+        error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "tpm_passthrough: received invalid "
+                     "response packet from TPM");
+    }
+
+    if (is_selftest && (ret >= sizeof(struct tpm_resp_hdr))) {
+        *selftest_done = tpm_cmd_get_errcode(out) == 0;
+    }
+
+err_exit:
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        tpm_util_write_fatal_error_response(out, out_len);
+    }
+
+    tpm_pt->tpm_executing = false;
+}
+
+static void tpm_passthrough_handle_request(TPMBackend *tb, TPMBackendCmd *cmd,
+                                           Error **errp)
+{
+    TPMPassthruState *tpm_pt = TPM_PASSTHROUGH(tb);
+
+    trace_tpm_passthrough_handle_request(cmd);
+
+    tpm_passthrough_unix_tx_bufs(tpm_pt, cmd->in, cmd->in_len,
+                                 cmd->out, cmd->out_len, &cmd->selftest_done,
+                                 errp);
+}
+
+static void tpm_passthrough_reset(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    trace_tpm_passthrough_reset();
+
+    tpm_passthrough_cancel_cmd(tb);
+}
+
+static bool tpm_passthrough_get_tpm_established_flag(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+static int tpm_passthrough_reset_tpm_established_flag(TPMBackend *tb,
+                                                      uint8_t locty)
+{
+    /* only a TPM 2.0 will support this */
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void tpm_passthrough_cancel_cmd(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    TPMPassthruState *tpm_pt = TPM_PASSTHROUGH(tb);
+    int n;
+
+    /*
+     * As of Linux 3.7 the tpm_tis driver does not properly cancel
+     * commands on all TPM manufacturers' TPMs.
+     * Only cancel if we're busy so we don't cancel someone else's
+     * command, e.g., a command executed on the host.
+     */
+    if (tpm_pt->tpm_executing) {
+        if (tpm_pt->cancel_fd >= 0) {
+            tpm_pt->tpm_op_canceled = true;
+            n = write(tpm_pt->cancel_fd, "-", 1);
+            if (n != 1) {
+                error_report("Canceling TPM command failed: %s",
+                             strerror(errno));
+            }
+        } else {
+            error_report("Cannot cancel TPM command due to missing "
+                         "TPM sysfs cancel entry");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static TPMVersion tpm_passthrough_get_tpm_version(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    TPMPassthruState *tpm_pt = TPM_PASSTHROUGH(tb);
+
+    return tpm_pt->tpm_version;
+}
+
+static size_t tpm_passthrough_get_buffer_size(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    TPMPassthruState *tpm_pt = TPM_PASSTHROUGH(tb);
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = tpm_util_get_buffer_size(tpm_pt->tpm_fd, tpm_pt->tpm_version,
+                                   &tpm_pt->tpm_buffersize);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        tpm_pt->tpm_buffersize = 4096;
+    }
+    return tpm_pt->tpm_buffersize;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unless path or file descriptor set has been provided by user,
+ * determine the sysfs cancel file following kernel documentation
+ * in Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-tpm.
+ * From /dev/tpm0 create /sys/class/tpm/tpm0/device/cancel
+ * before 4.0: /sys/class/misc/tpm0/device/cancel
+ */
+static int tpm_passthrough_open_sysfs_cancel(TPMPassthruState *tpm_pt)
+{
+    int fd = -1;
+    char *dev;
+    char path[PATH_MAX];
+
+    if (tpm_pt->options->cancel_path) {
+        fd = qemu_open_old(tpm_pt->options->cancel_path, O_WRONLY);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            error_report("tpm_passthrough: Could not open TPM cancel path: %s",
+                         strerror(errno));
+        }
+        return fd;
+    }
+
+    dev = strrchr(tpm_pt->tpm_dev, '/');
+    if (!dev) {
+        error_report("tpm_passthrough: Bad TPM device path %s",
+                     tpm_pt->tpm_dev);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    dev++;
+    if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/tpm/%s/device/cancel",
+                 dev) < sizeof(path)) {
+        fd = qemu_open_old(path, O_WRONLY);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/misc/%s/device/cancel",
+                         dev) < sizeof(path)) {
+                fd = qemu_open_old(path, O_WRONLY);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        error_report("tpm_passthrough: Could not guess TPM cancel path");
+    } else {
+        tpm_pt->options->cancel_path = g_strdup(path);
+    }
+
+    return fd;
+}
+
+static int
+tpm_passthrough_handle_device_opts(TPMPassthruState *tpm_pt, QemuOpts *opts)
+{
+    const char *value;
+
+    value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "cancel-path");
+    if (value) {
+        tpm_pt->options->cancel_path = g_strdup(value);
+        tpm_pt->options->has_cancel_path = true;
+    }
+
+    value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
+    if (value) {
+        tpm_pt->options->has_path = true;
+        tpm_pt->options->path = g_strdup(value);
+    }
+
+    tpm_pt->tpm_dev = value ? value : TPM_PASSTHROUGH_DEFAULT_DEVICE;
+    tpm_pt->tpm_fd = qemu_open_old(tpm_pt->tpm_dev, O_RDWR);
+    if (tpm_pt->tpm_fd < 0) {
+        error_report("Cannot access TPM device using '%s': %s",
+                     tpm_pt->tpm_dev, strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (tpm_util_test_tpmdev(tpm_pt->tpm_fd, &tpm_pt->tpm_version)) {
+        error_report("'%s' is not a TPM device.",
+                     tpm_pt->tpm_dev);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    tpm_pt->cancel_fd = tpm_passthrough_open_sysfs_cancel(tpm_pt);
+    if (tpm_pt->cancel_fd < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static TPMBackend *tpm_passthrough_create(QemuOpts *opts)
+{
+    Object *obj = object_new(TYPE_TPM_PASSTHROUGH);
+
+    if (tpm_passthrough_handle_device_opts(TPM_PASSTHROUGH(obj), opts)) {
+        object_unref(obj);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return TPM_BACKEND(obj);
+}
+
+static int tpm_passthrough_startup_tpm(TPMBackend *tb, size_t buffersize)
+{
+    TPMPassthruState *tpm_pt = TPM_PASSTHROUGH(tb);
+
+    if (buffersize && buffersize < tpm_pt->tpm_buffersize) {
+        error_report("Requested buffer size of %zu is smaller than host TPM's "
+                     "fixed buffer size of %zu",
+                     buffersize, tpm_pt->tpm_buffersize);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static TpmTypeOptions *tpm_passthrough_get_tpm_options(TPMBackend *tb)
+{
+    TpmTypeOptions *options = g_new0(TpmTypeOptions, 1);
+
+    options->type = TPM_TYPE_PASSTHROUGH;
+    options->u.passthrough.data = QAPI_CLONE(TPMPassthroughOptions,
+                                             TPM_PASSTHROUGH(tb)->options);
+
+    return options;
+}
+
+static const QemuOptDesc tpm_passthrough_cmdline_opts[] = {
+    TPM_STANDARD_CMDLINE_OPTS,
+    {
+        .name = "cancel-path",
+        .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        .help = "Sysfs file entry for canceling TPM commands",
+    },
+    {
+        .name = "path",
+        .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        .help = "Path to TPM device on the host",
+    },
+    { /* end of list */ },
+};
+
+static void tpm_passthrough_inst_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    TPMPassthruState *tpm_pt = TPM_PASSTHROUGH(obj);
+
+    tpm_pt->options = g_new0(TPMPassthroughOptions, 1);
+    tpm_pt->tpm_fd = -1;
+    tpm_pt->cancel_fd = -1;
+}
+
+static void tpm_passthrough_inst_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    TPMPassthruState *tpm_pt = TPM_PASSTHROUGH(obj);
+
+    tpm_passthrough_cancel_cmd(TPM_BACKEND(obj));
+
+    if (tpm_pt->tpm_fd >= 0) {
+        qemu_close(tpm_pt->tpm_fd);
+    }
+    if (tpm_pt->cancel_fd >= 0) {
+        qemu_close(tpm_pt->cancel_fd);
+    }
+    qapi_free_TPMPassthroughOptions(tpm_pt->options);
+}
+
+static void tpm_passthrough_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+{
+    TPMBackendClass *tbc = TPM_BACKEND_CLASS(klass);
+
+    tbc->type = TPM_TYPE_PASSTHROUGH;
+    tbc->opts = tpm_passthrough_cmdline_opts;
+    tbc->desc = "Passthrough TPM backend driver";
+    tbc->create = tpm_passthrough_create;
+    tbc->startup_tpm = tpm_passthrough_startup_tpm;
+    tbc->reset = tpm_passthrough_reset;
+    tbc->cancel_cmd = tpm_passthrough_cancel_cmd;
+    tbc->get_tpm_established_flag = tpm_passthrough_get_tpm_established_flag;
+    tbc->reset_tpm_established_flag =
+        tpm_passthrough_reset_tpm_established_flag;
+    tbc->get_tpm_version = tpm_passthrough_get_tpm_version;
+    tbc->get_buffer_size = tpm_passthrough_get_buffer_size;
+    tbc->get_tpm_options = tpm_passthrough_get_tpm_options;
+    tbc->handle_request = tpm_passthrough_handle_request;
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo tpm_passthrough_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_TPM_PASSTHROUGH,
+    .parent = TYPE_TPM_BACKEND,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(TPMPassthruState),
+    .class_init = tpm_passthrough_class_init,
+    .instance_init = tpm_passthrough_inst_init,
+    .instance_finalize = tpm_passthrough_inst_finalize,
+};
+
+static void tpm_passthrough_register(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&tpm_passthrough_info);
+}
+
+type_init(tpm_passthrough_register)
diff --git a/backends/tpm/tpm_util.c b/backends/tpm/tpm_util.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6e6d3e72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/tpm/tpm_util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+/*
+ * TPM utility functions
+ *
+ *  Copyright (c) 2010 - 2015 IBM Corporation
+ *  Authors:
+ *    Stefan Berger <stefanb@us.ibm.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/visitor.h"
+#include "tpm_int.h"
+#include "exec/memory.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
+#include "sysemu/tpm_backend.h"
+#include "sysemu/tpm_util.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+
+/* tpm backend property */
+
+static void get_tpm(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name, void *opaque,
+                    Error **errp)
+{
+    TPMBackend **be = object_field_prop_ptr(obj, opaque);
+    char *p;
+
+    p = g_strdup(*be ? (*be)->id : "");
+    visit_type_str(v, name, &p, errp);
+    g_free(p);
+}
+
+static void set_tpm(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name, void *opaque,
+                    Error **errp)
+{
+    Property *prop = opaque;
+    TPMBackend *s, **be = object_field_prop_ptr(obj, prop);
+    char *str;
+
+    if (!visit_type_str(v, name, &str, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    s = qemu_find_tpm_be(str);
+    if (s == NULL) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Property '%s.%s' can't find value '%s'",
+                   object_get_typename(obj), name, str);
+    } else if (tpm_backend_init(s, TPM_IF(obj), errp) == 0) {
+        *be = s; /* weak reference, avoid cyclic ref */
+    }
+    g_free(str);
+}
+
+static void release_tpm(Object *obj, const char *name, void *opaque)
+{
+    Property *prop = opaque;
+    TPMBackend **be = object_field_prop_ptr(obj, prop);
+
+    if (*be) {
+        tpm_backend_reset(*be);
+    }
+}
+
+const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_tpm = {
+    .name  = "str",
+    .description = "ID of a tpm to use as a backend",
+    .get   = get_tpm,
+    .set   = set_tpm,
+    .release = release_tpm,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Write an error message in the given output buffer.
+ */
+void tpm_util_write_fatal_error_response(uint8_t *out, uint32_t out_len)
+{
+    if (out_len >= sizeof(struct tpm_resp_hdr)) {
+        tpm_cmd_set_tag(out, TPM_TAG_RSP_COMMAND);
+        tpm_cmd_set_size(out, sizeof(struct tpm_resp_hdr));
+        tpm_cmd_set_error(out, TPM_FAIL);
+    }
+}
+
+bool tpm_util_is_selftest(const uint8_t *in, uint32_t in_len)
+{
+    if (in_len >= sizeof(struct tpm_req_hdr)) {
+        return tpm_cmd_get_ordinal(in) == TPM_ORD_ContinueSelfTest;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Send request to a TPM device. We expect a response within one second.
+ */
+static int tpm_util_request(int fd,
+                            const void *request,
+                            size_t requestlen,
+                            void *response,
+                            size_t responselen)
+{
+    fd_set readfds;
+    int n;
+    struct timeval tv = {
+        .tv_sec = 1,
+        .tv_usec = 0,
+    };
+
+    n = write(fd, request, requestlen);
+    if (n < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    if (n != requestlen) {
+        return -EFAULT;
+    }
+
+    FD_ZERO(&readfds);
+    FD_SET(fd, &readfds);
+
+    /* wait for a second */
+    n = select(fd + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
+    if (n != 1) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    n = read(fd, response, responselen);
+    if (n < sizeof(struct tpm_resp_hdr)) {
+        return -EFAULT;
+    }
+
+    /* check the header */
+    if (tpm_cmd_get_size(response) != n) {
+        return -EMSGSIZE;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A basic test of a TPM device. We expect a well formatted response header
+ * (error response is fine).
+ */
+static int tpm_util_test(int fd,
+                         const void *request,
+                         size_t requestlen,
+                         uint16_t *return_tag)
+{
+    char buf[1024];
+    ssize_t ret;
+
+    ret = tpm_util_request(fd, request, requestlen,
+                           buf, sizeof(buf));
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    *return_tag = tpm_cmd_get_tag(buf);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Probe for the TPM device in the back
+ * Returns 0 on success with the version of the probed TPM set, 1 on failure.
+ */
+int tpm_util_test_tpmdev(int tpm_fd, TPMVersion *tpm_version)
+{
+    /*
+     * Sending a TPM1.2 command to a TPM2 should return a TPM1.2
+     * header (tag = 0xc4) and error code (TPM_BADTAG = 0x1e)
+     *
+     * Sending a TPM2 command to a TPM 2 will give a TPM 2 tag in the
+     * header.
+     * Sending a TPM2 command to a TPM 1.2 will give a TPM 1.2 tag
+     * in the header and an error code.
+     */
+    const struct tpm_req_hdr test_req = {
+        .tag = cpu_to_be16(TPM_TAG_RQU_COMMAND),
+        .len = cpu_to_be32(sizeof(test_req)),
+        .ordinal = cpu_to_be32(TPM_ORD_GetTicks),
+    };
+
+    const struct tpm_req_hdr test_req_tpm2 = {
+        .tag = cpu_to_be16(TPM2_ST_NO_SESSIONS),
+        .len = cpu_to_be32(sizeof(test_req_tpm2)),
+        .ordinal = cpu_to_be32(TPM2_CC_ReadClock),
+    };
+    uint16_t return_tag;
+    int ret;
+
+    /* Send TPM 2 command */
+    ret = tpm_util_test(tpm_fd, &test_req_tpm2,
+                        sizeof(test_req_tpm2), &return_tag);
+    /* TPM 2 would respond with a tag of TPM2_ST_NO_SESSIONS */
+    if (!ret && return_tag == TPM2_ST_NO_SESSIONS) {
+        *tpm_version = TPM_VERSION_2_0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Send TPM 1.2 command */
+    ret = tpm_util_test(tpm_fd, &test_req,
+                        sizeof(test_req), &return_tag);
+    if (!ret && return_tag == TPM_TAG_RSP_COMMAND) {
+        *tpm_version = TPM_VERSION_1_2;
+        /* this is a TPM 1.2 */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    *tpm_version = TPM_VERSION_UNSPEC;
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int tpm_util_get_buffer_size(int tpm_fd, TPMVersion tpm_version,
+                             size_t *buffersize)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    switch (tpm_version) {
+    case TPM_VERSION_1_2: {
+        const struct tpm_req_get_buffer_size {
+            struct tpm_req_hdr hdr;
+            uint32_t capability;
+            uint32_t len;
+            uint32_t subcap;
+        } QEMU_PACKED tpm_get_buffer_size = {
+            .hdr = {
+                .tag = cpu_to_be16(TPM_TAG_RQU_COMMAND),
+                .len = cpu_to_be32(sizeof(tpm_get_buffer_size)),
+                .ordinal = cpu_to_be32(TPM_ORD_GetCapability),
+            },
+            .capability = cpu_to_be32(TPM_CAP_PROPERTY),
+            .len = cpu_to_be32(sizeof(uint32_t)),
+            .subcap = cpu_to_be32(TPM_CAP_PROP_INPUT_BUFFER),
+        };
+        struct tpm_resp_get_buffer_size {
+            struct tpm_resp_hdr hdr;
+            uint32_t len;
+            uint32_t buffersize;
+        } QEMU_PACKED tpm_resp;
+
+        ret = tpm_util_request(tpm_fd, &tpm_get_buffer_size,
+                               sizeof(tpm_get_buffer_size),
+                               &tpm_resp, sizeof(tpm_resp));
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        if (be32_to_cpu(tpm_resp.hdr.len) != sizeof(tpm_resp) ||
+            be32_to_cpu(tpm_resp.len) != sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+            trace_tpm_util_get_buffer_size_hdr_len(
+                be32_to_cpu(tpm_resp.hdr.len),
+                sizeof(tpm_resp));
+            trace_tpm_util_get_buffer_size_len(be32_to_cpu(tpm_resp.len),
+                                               sizeof(uint32_t));
+            error_report("tpm_util: Got unexpected response to "
+                         "TPM_GetCapability; errcode: 0x%x",
+                         be32_to_cpu(tpm_resp.hdr.errcode));
+            return -EFAULT;
+        }
+        *buffersize = be32_to_cpu(tpm_resp.buffersize);
+        break;
+    }
+    case TPM_VERSION_2_0: {
+        const struct tpm2_req_get_buffer_size {
+            struct tpm_req_hdr hdr;
+            uint32_t capability;
+            uint32_t property;
+            uint32_t count;
+        } QEMU_PACKED tpm2_get_buffer_size = {
+            .hdr = {
+                .tag = cpu_to_be16(TPM2_ST_NO_SESSIONS),
+                .len = cpu_to_be32(sizeof(tpm2_get_buffer_size)),
+                .ordinal = cpu_to_be32(TPM2_CC_GetCapability),
+            },
+            .capability = cpu_to_be32(TPM2_CAP_TPM_PROPERTIES),
+            .property = cpu_to_be32(TPM2_PT_MAX_COMMAND_SIZE),
+            .count = cpu_to_be32(2), /* also get TPM2_PT_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE */
+        };
+        struct tpm2_resp_get_buffer_size {
+            struct tpm_resp_hdr hdr;
+            uint8_t more;
+            uint32_t capability;
+            uint32_t count;
+            uint32_t property1;
+            uint32_t value1;
+            uint32_t property2;
+            uint32_t value2;
+        } QEMU_PACKED tpm2_resp;
+
+        ret = tpm_util_request(tpm_fd, &tpm2_get_buffer_size,
+                               sizeof(tpm2_get_buffer_size),
+                               &tpm2_resp, sizeof(tpm2_resp));
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        if (be32_to_cpu(tpm2_resp.hdr.len) != sizeof(tpm2_resp) ||
+            be32_to_cpu(tpm2_resp.count) != 2) {
+            trace_tpm_util_get_buffer_size_hdr_len2(
+                be32_to_cpu(tpm2_resp.hdr.len),
+                sizeof(tpm2_resp));
+            trace_tpm_util_get_buffer_size_len2(
+                be32_to_cpu(tpm2_resp.count), 2);
+            error_report("tpm_util: Got unexpected response to "
+                         "TPM2_GetCapability; errcode: 0x%x",
+                         be32_to_cpu(tpm2_resp.hdr.errcode));
+            return -EFAULT;
+        }
+        *buffersize = MAX(be32_to_cpu(tpm2_resp.value1),
+                          be32_to_cpu(tpm2_resp.value2));
+        break;
+    }
+    case TPM_VERSION_UNSPEC:
+        return -EFAULT;
+    }
+
+    trace_tpm_util_get_buffer_size(*buffersize);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void tpm_sized_buffer_reset(TPMSizedBuffer *tsb)
+{
+    g_free(tsb->buffer);
+    tsb->buffer = NULL;
+    tsb->size = 0;
+}
+
+void tpm_util_show_buffer(const unsigned char *buffer,
+                          size_t buffer_size, const char *string)
+{
+    size_t len, i;
+    char *line_buffer, *p;
+
+    if (!trace_event_get_state_backends(TRACE_TPM_UTIL_SHOW_BUFFER)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    len = MIN(tpm_cmd_get_size(buffer), buffer_size);
+
+    /*
+     * allocate enough room for 3 chars per buffer entry plus a
+     * newline after every 16 chars and a final null terminator.
+     */
+    line_buffer = g_malloc(len * 3 + (len / 16) + 1);
+
+    for (i = 0, p = line_buffer; i < len; i++) {
+        if (i && !(i % 16)) {
+            p += sprintf(p, "\n");
+        }
+        p += sprintf(p, "%.2X ", buffer[i]);
+    }
+    trace_tpm_util_show_buffer(string, len, line_buffer);
+
+    g_free(line_buffer);
+}
diff --git a/backends/tpm/trace-events b/backends/tpm/trace-events
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3298766dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/tpm/trace-events
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# See docs/devel/tracing.rst for syntax documentation.
+
+# tpm_passthrough.c
+tpm_passthrough_handle_request(void *cmd) "processing command %p"
+tpm_passthrough_reset(void) "reset"
+
+# tpm_util.c
+tpm_util_get_buffer_size_hdr_len(uint32_t len, size_t expected) "tpm_resp->hdr.len = %u, expected = %zu"
+tpm_util_get_buffer_size_len(uint32_t len, size_t expected) "tpm_resp->len = %u, expected = %zu"
+tpm_util_get_buffer_size_hdr_len2(uint32_t len, size_t expected) "tpm2_resp->hdr.len = %u, expected = %zu"
+tpm_util_get_buffer_size_len2(uint32_t len, size_t expected) "tpm2_resp->len = %u, expected = %zu"
+tpm_util_get_buffer_size(size_t len) "buffersize of device: %zu"
+tpm_util_show_buffer(const char *direction, size_t len, const char *buf) "direction: %s len: %zu\n%s"
+
+# tpm_emulator.c
+tpm_emulator_set_locality(uint8_t locty) "setting locality to %d"
+tpm_emulator_handle_request(void) "processing TPM command"
+tpm_emulator_probe_caps(uint64_t caps) "capabilities: 0x%"PRIx64
+tpm_emulator_set_buffer_size(uint32_t buffersize, uint32_t minsize, uint32_t maxsize) "buffer size: %u, min: %u, max: %u"
+tpm_emulator_startup_tpm_resume(bool is_resume, size_t buffersize) "is_resume: %d, buffer size: %zu"
+tpm_emulator_get_tpm_established_flag(uint8_t flag) "got established flag: %d"
+tpm_emulator_cancel_cmd_not_supt(void) "Backend does not support CANCEL_TPM_CMD"
+tpm_emulator_handle_device_opts_tpm12(void) "TPM Version 1.2"
+tpm_emulator_handle_device_opts_tpm2(void) "TPM Version 2"
+tpm_emulator_handle_device_opts_unspec(void) "TPM Version Unspecified"
+tpm_emulator_handle_device_opts_startup_error(void) "Startup error"
+tpm_emulator_get_state_blob(uint8_t type, uint32_t size, uint32_t flags) "got state blob type %d, %u bytes, flags 0x%08x"
+tpm_emulator_set_state_blob(uint8_t type, uint32_t size, uint32_t flags) "set state blob type %d, %u bytes, flags 0x%08x"
+tpm_emulator_set_state_blobs(void) "setting state blobs"
+tpm_emulator_set_state_blobs_error(const char *msg) "error while setting state blobs: %s"
+tpm_emulator_set_state_blobs_done(void) "Done setting state blobs"
+tpm_emulator_pre_save(void) ""
+tpm_emulator_inst_init(void) ""
diff --git a/backends/tpm/trace.h b/backends/tpm/trace.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40c472988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/tpm/trace.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "trace/trace-backends_tpm.h"
diff --git a/backends/trace-events b/backends/trace-events
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..652eb76a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/trace-events
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# See docs/devel/tracing.rst for syntax documentation.
+
+# dbus-vmstate.c
+dbus_vmstate_pre_save(void)
+dbus_vmstate_post_load(int version_id) "version_id: %d"
+dbus_vmstate_loading(const char *id) "id: %s"
+dbus_vmstate_saving(const char *id) "id: %s"
diff --git a/backends/trace.h b/backends/trace.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77fe57f36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/trace.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "trace/trace-backends.h"
diff --git a/backends/vhost-user.c b/backends/vhost-user.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10b39992d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/vhost-user.c
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU vhost-user backend
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 Red Hat Inc
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
+#include "sysemu/vhost-user-backend.h"
+#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
+#include "io/channel-command.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-bus.h"
+
+static bool
+ioeventfd_enabled(void)
+{
+    return kvm_enabled() && kvm_eventfds_enabled();
+}
+
+int
+vhost_user_backend_dev_init(VhostUserBackend *b, VirtIODevice *vdev,
+                            unsigned nvqs, Error **errp)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    assert(!b->vdev && vdev);
+
+    if (!ioeventfd_enabled()) {
+        error_setg(errp, "vhost initialization failed: requires kvm");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!vhost_user_init(&b->vhost_user, &b->chr, errp)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    b->vdev = vdev;
+    b->dev.nvqs = nvqs;
+    b->dev.vqs = g_new0(struct vhost_virtqueue, nvqs);
+
+    ret = vhost_dev_init(&b->dev, &b->vhost_user, VHOST_BACKEND_TYPE_USER, 0,
+                         errp);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void
+vhost_user_backend_start(VhostUserBackend *b)
+{
+    BusState *qbus = BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(b->vdev)));
+    VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
+    int ret, i ;
+
+    if (b->started) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!k->set_guest_notifiers) {
+        error_report("binding does not support guest notifiers");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ret = vhost_dev_enable_notifiers(&b->dev, b->vdev);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ret = k->set_guest_notifiers(qbus->parent, b->dev.nvqs, true);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_report("Error binding guest notifier");
+        goto err_host_notifiers;
+    }
+
+    b->dev.acked_features = b->vdev->guest_features;
+    ret = vhost_dev_start(&b->dev, b->vdev);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_report("Error start vhost dev");
+        goto err_guest_notifiers;
+    }
+
+    /* guest_notifier_mask/pending not used yet, so just unmask
+     * everything here.  virtio-pci will do the right thing by
+     * enabling/disabling irqfd.
+     */
+    for (i = 0; i < b->dev.nvqs; i++) {
+        vhost_virtqueue_mask(&b->dev, b->vdev,
+                             b->dev.vq_index + i, false);
+    }
+
+    b->started = true;
+    return;
+
+err_guest_notifiers:
+    k->set_guest_notifiers(qbus->parent, b->dev.nvqs, false);
+err_host_notifiers:
+    vhost_dev_disable_notifiers(&b->dev, b->vdev);
+}
+
+void
+vhost_user_backend_stop(VhostUserBackend *b)
+{
+    BusState *qbus = BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(b->vdev)));
+    VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    if (!b->started) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    vhost_dev_stop(&b->dev, b->vdev);
+
+    if (k->set_guest_notifiers) {
+        ret = k->set_guest_notifiers(qbus->parent,
+                                     b->dev.nvqs, false);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_report("vhost guest notifier cleanup failed: %d", ret);
+        }
+    }
+    assert(ret >= 0);
+
+    vhost_dev_disable_notifiers(&b->dev, b->vdev);
+    b->started = false;
+}
+
+static void set_chardev(Object *obj, const char *value, Error **errp)
+{
+    VhostUserBackend *b = VHOST_USER_BACKEND(obj);
+    Chardev *chr;
+
+    if (b->completed) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    g_free(b->chr_name);
+    b->chr_name = g_strdup(value);
+
+    chr = qemu_chr_find(b->chr_name);
+    if (chr == NULL) {
+        error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
+                  "Chardev '%s' not found", b->chr_name);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!qemu_chr_fe_init(&b->chr, chr, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    b->completed = true;
+    /* could call vhost_dev_init() so early message can be exchanged */
+}
+
+static char *get_chardev(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    VhostUserBackend *b = VHOST_USER_BACKEND(obj);
+    Chardev *chr = qemu_chr_fe_get_driver(&b->chr);
+
+    if (chr && chr->label) {
+        return g_strdup(chr->label);
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void vhost_user_backend_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    object_class_property_add_str(oc, "chardev", get_chardev, set_chardev);
+}
+
+static void vhost_user_backend_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    VhostUserBackend *b = VHOST_USER_BACKEND(obj);
+
+    g_free(b->dev.vqs);
+    g_free(b->chr_name);
+
+    vhost_user_cleanup(&b->vhost_user);
+    qemu_chr_fe_deinit(&b->chr, true);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo vhost_user_backend_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_VHOST_USER_BACKEND,
+    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(VhostUserBackend),
+    .class_init = vhost_user_backend_class_init,
+    .instance_finalize = vhost_user_backend_finalize,
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&vhost_user_backend_info);
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
author	Timos Ampelikiotis <t.ampelikiotis@virtualopensystems.com>	2023-10-10 11:40:56 +0000
committer	Timos Ampelikiotis <t.ampelikiotis@virtualopensystems.com>	2023-10-10 11:40:56 +0000
commit	e02cda008591317b1625707ff8e115a4841aa889 (patch)
tree	aee302e3cf8b59ec2d32ec481be3d1afddfc8968 /backends
parent	cc668e6b7e0ffd8c9d130513d12053cf5eda1d3b (diff)